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Chakrabarty M, Biswas A. Reply to Kljajevic's "Increasing sensitivity of clinical proverb tests for diagnosis of dementia". Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:3110-3111. [PMID: 38253800 PMCID: PMC11032515 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhushree Chakrabarty
- Department of NeurologyInstitute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and Bangur Institute of NeurosciencesKolkataIndia
- Center for Cognitive NeuroscienceUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUSA
| | - Atanu Biswas
- Department of NeurologyInstitute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and Bangur Institute of NeurosciencesKolkataIndia
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Jiang S. Does the Processing Advantage of Formulaic Language Persist in Its Nonadjacent Forms? Evidence from Eye Movements of Chinese Collocations. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLINGUISTIC RESEARCH 2024; 53:28. [PMID: 38472548 DOI: 10.1007/s10936-024-10040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
It has been well documented that formulaic language (such as collocations; e.g., provide information) enjoys a processing advantage over novel language (e.g., compare information). In natural language use, however, many formulaic sequences are often inserted with words intervening in between the individual constituents (e.g., provided information → provide some of the information). Whether or not the processing advantage persists in nonadjacent forms remains largely unknown. The present study thus sought to address this gap by recording the eye movements of Chinese native speakers when they were reading sentences embedded with formulaic sequences (high frequency collocations) versus novel phrases (low frequency controls), in their adjacent (e.g., 'resolve difficulties' vs. 'experience difficulties'), short-insertion (e.g., 'resolve these difficulties' vs. 'experience these difficulties'), and long-insertion forms (e.g., 'resolved so many difficulties' vs. 'experienced so many difficulties'). Results suggested that the processing advantage for formulaic language over novel language existed not only in their adjacent form, but also in their short-insertion form, albeit the magnitude of the processing advantage diminished with the increase of insertion length. The persistence of FL processing advantage is in line with usage-based approach to language learning, processing, and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Jiang
- College of Foreign Languages, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 29 Boulevard, Jiang Ning District, Nanjing, 211106, China.
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Murtaugh B, Fager S, Sorenson T. Emergence from Disorders of Consciousness: Optimizing Self-Agency Through Communication. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2024; 35:175-191. [PMID: 37993188 PMCID: PMC11216683 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Language and communication deficits are intrinsic to disorders of consciousness. This article will provide an overview of language and communication deficits that can significantly confound the accuracy of diagnostic assessment in these patients. Authors will also discuss interventions to promote early communication using assistive technology and augmentative communication rehabilitation strategies. Finally, this article will discuss the importance of family education as well as ethical considerations connected to the recovery of communication and adaptive strategies to support patient autonomy and enhance self-agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Murtaugh
- Department of Rehabilitation Programs, Madonna Rehabilitation Hospitals, 5401 South Street, Lincoln, NE 68506, USA.
| | - Susan Fager
- Research Institute, Madonna Rehabilitation Hospitals, 5401 South Street, Lincoln, NE 68506, USA
| | - Tabatha Sorenson
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Madonna Rehabilitation Hospitals, 5401 South Street, Lincoln, NE 68506, USA
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Pei S, Weiwei L, Mengqin Z, Xiaojun H. Effect of an extension speech training program based on Chinese idioms in patients with post-stroke non-fluent aphasia: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281335. [PMID: 36753505 PMCID: PMC9907817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese idioms have potential to act as preliminary training material in studies on post-stroke aphasia. OBJECTIVE To explore an extension speech training program that takes Chinese idioms as context and expands them into characters, words, sentences and paragraphs and evaluate the effects of this program in patients with post-stroke non-fluent aphasia. METHODS This was a randomized controlled trial. We recruited patients with post-stroke non-fluent aphasia from the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 2021 to January 2022. Participants were randomly assigned to group I and group II. Patients in group I had treatment with extension speech training based on Chinese idioms, and those in group II had treatment with conventional speech rehabilitation training. The training period in both groups was 40 min daily for 2 weeks. RESULTS A total of 70 patients (group I, n = 34; and group II, n = 36) completed the trial and were analyzed according to protocol. There were no significant differences in baseline values between both groups. After intervention, the scores of oral expression, comprehension, and reading in the Aphasia Battery Of Chinese scale and the scores of the Comprehensive Activities of Daily Living questionnaire significantly improved in both groups (P <0.05), with group I benefiting more (P <0.05). CONCLUSION This extension speech training program based on Chinese idioms can improve the language function and daily communication ability of the patients with post-stroke non-fluent aphasia. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000031825.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Pei
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Li Weiwei
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhang Mengqin
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - He Xiaojun
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
- Department of Cadre Health Office, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
- * E-mail:
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D'Aprano F, Malpas CB, Roberts S, Saling MM. Vague retellings of personal narratives in temporal lobe epilepsy. Seizure 2022; 107:177-185. [PMID: 36631304 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Aside from deficits identified in single-word level retrieval, individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) exhibit clinical oddities, such as circumstantiality in their language production. Circumstantiality refers to the use of language which is pedantic, repetitive, and overly detailed. This becomes particularly evident when elicitation tasks impose minimal structure, or when impersonal narratives are retold over consecutive occasions. Personal reminiscence is highly specific and localised in time, placing unique demands on cognitive-linguistic systems. It is hypothesised that the nature of this elicitation paradigm will produce a unique psycholinguistic phenotype in those with TLE. Among controls there is a compression of output for impersonal narratives, meaning that they use fewer words over less time and are more fluent. The opposite effect is observed when personal narratives are retold. METHODS To investigate the micro- and macrolinguistic processes underpinning personal discourse production in TLE, we examined the elicited language output of 15 surgically naïve individuals with TLE and 14 healthy controls. Participants were asked to recall and re-tell an autobiographical memory on four immediately consecutive occasions, representing an alternative unstructured elicitation. Following transcription and coding of output, a detailed multi-level discourse analysis of output volume, fluency, cohesion, and coherence was conducted. RESULTS As anticipated, a distinctly different pattern emerged in TLE when compared with controls who did not compress their output volume across repetitions but instead produced greater novelty, and a more coherent and refined account over time. Individuals with TLE consistently told a less distinct story across repetitions, with disturbances in fluency, cohesion, and coherence. CONCLUSION This reflects a reduced capacity to produce a coherent mental representation, in all likelihood related to the neurolinguistic demands of recalling and retelling specific personal events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiore D'Aprano
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Australia.
| | - Charles B Malpas
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Australia; Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Stefanie Roberts
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Michael M Saling
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, The Austin Hospital, Australia.
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Kirjavainen M, Crible L, Beeching K. Can filled pauses be represented as linguistic items? Investigating the effect of exposure on the perception and production of um. LANGUAGE AND SPEECH 2022; 65:263-289. [PMID: 34028288 PMCID: PMC9014665 DOI: 10.1177/00238309211011201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The current paper presents three studies that investigated the effect of exposure on the mental representations of filled pauses (um/uh). In Study 1, a corpus analysis identified the frequency of co-occurrence of filled pauses with words located immediately before or after them in naturalistic spoken adult British English (BNC2014). Based on the collocations identified in Study 1, in Study 2, 22 native British English-speaking adults heard sentences in which the location of filled pauses and the co-occurring words were manipulated and the participants were asked to judge the acceptability of the sentences heard. Study 3 was a sentence recall experiment in which we asked 29 native British English adults to repeat a similar set of sentences as used in Study 2. We found that frequency-based distributional patterns of filled pauses (Study 1) affected the sentence judgments (Study 2) and repetition accuracy (Study 3), in particular when the filled pause followed its collocate. Thus, the current study provides converging evidence for the account maintaining that filled pauses are linguistic items. In addition, we suggest filled pauses in certain locations could be considered as grammatical items, such as suffixes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Kirjavainen
- English Language and Linguistics, University of
the West of England, UK
| | | | - Kate Beeching
- English Language and Linguistics, University of
the West of England, UK
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Sidtis JJ. Cerebral Blood Flow Is Not a Direct Surrogate of Behavior: Performance Models Suggest a Role for Functional Meta-Networks. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:771594. [PMID: 35242005 PMCID: PMC8885809 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.771594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundFunctional brain imaging has become the dominant approach to the study of brain-behavior relationships. Unfortunately, the behavior half of the equation has been relegated to second-class status when it is not ignored completely. Different approaches to connectivity, based on temporally correlated physiological events across the brain, have ascended in place of behavior. A performance-based analysis has been developed as a simple, basic approach to incorporating specific performance measures obtained during imaging into the analysis of the imaging data identifying clinically relevant regions.MethodsThis paper contrasts performance-based lateralized regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) predictors of speech rate during Positron Emission Tomography with the values of these regions and their opposite hemisphere homologs in which a performance-based model was not applied. Five studies were examined: two that utilized normal speakers, one that utilized ataxic speakers, and two that examined Parkinsonian speakers.ResultsIn each study, the predictors were lateralized but the blood flow values that contributed to the performance-based analysis were bilateral. The speech-rate predictor regions were consistent with clinical studies on the effects of focal brain damage.ConclusionsThis approach has identified a basic, reproducible blood flow network that has predicted speech rate in multiple normal and neurologic groups. While the predictors are lateralized consistent with lesion data, the blood flow values of these regions are neither lateralized nor distinguished from their opposite hemisphere homologs in their magnitudes. The consistent differences between regional blood flow values and their corresponding regression coefficients in predicting performance suggests the presence of functional meta-networks that orchestrate the contributions of specific brain regions in support of mental and behavioral functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. Sidtis
- Brain and Behavior Laboratory, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: John J. Sidtis,
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Skipper JI, Aliko S, Brown S, Jo YJ, Lo S, Molimpakis E, Lametti DR. Reorganization of the Neurobiology of Language After Sentence Overlearning. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:2447-2468. [PMID: 34585723 PMCID: PMC9157312 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is assumed that there are a static set of "language regions" in the brain. Yet, language comprehension engages regions well beyond these, and patients regularly produce familiar "formulaic" expressions when language regions are severely damaged. These suggest that the neurobiology of language is not fixed but varies with experiences, like the extent of word sequence learning. We hypothesized that perceiving overlearned sentences is supported by speech production and not putative language regions. Participants underwent 2 sessions of behavioral testing and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). During the intervening 15 days, they repeated 2 sentences 30 times each, twice a day. In both fMRI sessions, they "passively" listened to those sentences, novel sentences, and produced sentences. Behaviorally, evidence for overlearning included a 2.1-s decrease in reaction times to predict the final word in overlearned sentences. This corresponded to the recruitment of sensorimotor regions involved in sentence production, inactivation of temporal and inferior frontal regions involved in novel sentence listening, and a 45% change in global network organization. Thus, there was a profound whole-brain reorganization following sentence overlearning, out of "language" and into sensorimotor regions. The latter are generally preserved in aphasia and Alzheimer's disease, perhaps explaining residual abilities with formulaic expressions in both.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Aliko
- Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, UK.,London Interdisciplinary Biosciences Consortium, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen Brown
- Natural Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yoon Ju Jo
- Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Serena Lo
- Speech and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emilia Molimpakis
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel R Lametti
- Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Psychology, Acadia University, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Sidtis JJ, Gomez CM. Genotypic Differences in Networks Supporting Regional Predictors of Speech Rate in Spinocerebellar Ataxia: Preliminary Observations. Brain Connect 2021; 11:408-417. [PMID: 34030481 PMCID: PMC8388246 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Disordered speech production, dysarthria, is a common characteristic of the spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). Although dysarthric features differ across SCAs, a previous analysis revealed that a combination of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the left inferior frontal region and the right caudate predicted syllable rate, a pattern reported in normal speakers. This study examined the relationships between primary predictor brain regions and other areas of the brain in three SCA groups. The regions associated with the primary predictors are considered as elements of secondary networks since they are associated with regional speech predictors rather than directly with speech performance. Methods: Speech and rCBF data from 9 SCA1, 8 SCA5, and 5 SCA6 individuals were analyzed. Partial correlations were used to identify brain regions associated with the primary predictors. Results: Secondary networks differed across SCA genotypes. SCA1 and SCA6 demonstrated both positive and negative associations between primary and secondary areas, whereas the associations in the SCA5 genotype were only positive. The SCA5 associations were also largely bilaterally symmetrical. Both SCA1 and SCA5 demonstrated secondary associations with the right caudate, whereas the SCA6 group had no such associations. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that although primary aspects of a brain network may remain functional, pathophysiological processes associated with different SCA genotypes may express themselves in alterations of broader, secondary brain networks. These secondary networks may reflect generic functional associations with the primary predictor regions, compensatory activity in the presence of an SCA, SCA pathology, or some combination of these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Sidtis
- Brain and Behavior Laboratory, Geriatrics Division, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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