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Guo X, Wang S, Lin X, Wang Z, Dou Y, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Luo X, Kang L, Yu T, Wang Z, Tan Y, Gao S, Zheng H, Zhao F, Wang H, Wang K, Xie F, Chen W, Luo X. A novel risk variant block across introns 36-45 of CACNA1C for schizophrenia: a cohort-wise replication and cerebral region-wide validation study. Psychiatr Genet 2023; 33:182-190. [PMID: 37706495 PMCID: PMC10502955 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Numerous genome-wide association studies have identified CACNA1C as one of the top risk genes for schizophrenia. As a necessary post-genome-wide association study (GWAS) follow-up, here, we focused on this risk gene, carefully investigated its novel risk variants for schizophrenia, and explored their potential functions. METHODS We analyzed four independent samples (including three European and one African-American) comprising 5648 cases and 6936 healthy subjects to identify replicable single nucleotide polymorphism-schizophrenia associations. The potential regulatory effects of schizophrenia-risk alleles on CACNA1C mRNA expression in 16 brain regions (n = 348), gray matter volumes (GMVs) of five subcortical structures (n = 34 431), and surface areas and thickness of 34 cortical regions (n = 36 936) were also examined. RESULTS A novel 17-variant block across introns 36-45 of CACNA1C was significantly associated with schizophrenia in the same effect direction across at least two independent samples (1.8 × 10-4 ≤ P ≤ 0.049). Most risk variants within this block showed significant associations with CACNA1C mRNA expression (1.6 × 10-3 ≤ P ≤ 0.050), GMVs of subcortical structures (0.016 ≤ P ≤ 0.048), cortical surface areas (0.010 ≤ P ≤ 0.050), and thickness (0.004 ≤ P ≤ 0.050) in multiple brain regions. CONCLUSION We have identified a novel and functional risk variant block at CACNA1C for schizophrenia, providing further evidence for the important role of this gene in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Guo
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shibin Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiandong Lin
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Radiobiology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, the Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, China
| | - Zuxing Wang
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yikai Dou
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuping Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinqun Luo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, China
| | - Longli Kang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, Xizang Minzu University School of Medicine, Xiangyang, Shaanxi 712082, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiren Wang
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shenshen Gao
- Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center established the Clinical Research and Development Center of Shanghai Municipal Hospitals, Shanghai, China
| | - Hangxiao Zheng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Fen Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Huifen Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Kesheng Wang
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Fan Xie
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wenzhong Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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2
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Khadem-Reza ZK, Zare H. Evaluation of brain structure abnormalities in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using structural magnetic resonance imaging. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-022-00576-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of developmental disorders of the nervous system. Since the core cause of many of the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder is due to changes in the structure of the brain, the importance of examining the structural abnormalities of the brain in these disorder becomes apparent. The aim of this study is evaluation of brain structure abnormalities in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI). sMRI images of 26 autistic and 26 Healthy control subjects in the range of 5–10 years are selected from the ABIDE database. For a better assessment of structural abnormalities, the surface and volume features are extracted together from this images. Then, the extracted features from both groups were compared with the sample t test and the features with significant differences between the two groups were identified.
Results
The results of volume-based features indicate an increase in total brain volume and white matter and a change in white and gray matter volume in brain regions of Hammers atlas in the autism group. In addition, the results of surface-based features indicate an increase in mean and standard deviation of cerebral cortex thickness and changes in cerebral cortex thickness, sulcus depth, surface complexity and gyrification index in the brain regions of the Desikan–Killany cortical atlas.
Conclusions
Identifying structurally abnormal areas of the brain and examining their relationship to the clinical features of Autism Spectrum Disorder can pave the way for the correct and early detection of this disorder using structural magnetic resonance imaging. It is also possible to design treatment for autistic people based on the abnormal areas of the brain, and to see the effectiveness of the treatment using imaging.
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Kang S, Chen Y, Wu J, Liang Y, Rao Y, Yue X, Lyu W, Li Y, Tan X, Huang H, Qiu S. Altered cortical thickness, degree centrality, and functional connectivity in middle-age type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Neurol 2022; 13:939318. [PMID: 36408505 PMCID: PMC9672081 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.939318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the changes in brain structure and function in middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using morphometry and blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI). METHODS A total of 44 middle-aged patients with T2DM and 45 matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Surface-based morphometry (SBM) was used to evaluate the changes in brain morphology. Degree centrality (DC) and functional connectivity (FC) were used to evaluate the changes in brain function. RESULTS Compared with HCs, middle-aged patients with T2DM exhibited cortical thickness reductions in the left pars opercularis, left transverse temporal, and right superior temporal gyri. Decreased DC values were observed in the cuneus and precuneus in T2DM. Hub-based FC analysis of these regions revealed lower connectivity in the bilateral hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus, left precuneus, as well as left frontal sup. CONCLUSION Cortical thickness, degree centrality, as well as functional connectivity were found to have significant changes in middle-aged patients with T2DM. Our observations provide potential evidence from neuroimaging for analysis to examine diabetes-related brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangyu Kang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuna Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinjian Wu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yawen Rao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Yue
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjiao Lyu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Tan
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoming Huang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijun Qiu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Zheng J, Reynolds JE, Long M, Ostertag C, Pollock T, Hamilton M, Dunn JF, Liu J, Martin J, Grohs M, Landman B, Huo Y, Dewey D, Kurrasch D, Lebel C. The effects of prenatal bisphenol A exposure on brain volume of children and young mice. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114040. [PMID: 35952745 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic chemical used for the manufacturing of plastics, epoxy resin, and many personal care products. This ubiquitous endocrine disruptor is detectable in the urine of over 80% of North Americans. Although adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes have been observed in children with high gestational exposure to BPA, the effects of prenatal BPA on brain structure remain unclear. Here, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we studied the associations of maternal BPA exposure with children's brain structure, as well as the impact of comparable BPA levels in a mouse model. Our human data showed that most maternal BPA exposure effects on brain volumes were small, with the largest effects observed in the opercular region of the inferior frontal gyrus (ρ = -0.2754), superior occipital gyrus (ρ = -0.2556), and postcentral gyrus (ρ = 0.2384). In mice, gestational exposure to an equivalent level of BPA (2.25 μg BPA/kg bw/day) induced structural alterations in brain regions including the superior olivary complex (SOC) and bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST) with larger effect sizes (1.07≤ Cohens d ≤ 1.53). Human (n = 87) and rodent (n = 8 each group) sample sizes, while small, are considered adequate to perform the primary endpoint analysis. Combined, these human and mouse data suggest that gestational exposure to low levels of BPA may have some impacts on the developing brain at the resolution of MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jess E Reynolds
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Madison Long
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Curtis Ostertag
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tyler Pollock
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Max Hamilton
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jeff F Dunn
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jiaying Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jonathan Martin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Melody Grohs
- Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Bennett Landman
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yuankai Huo
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Deborah Dewey
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Deborah Kurrasch
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Catherine Lebel
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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5
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Abstract
Swedish lexical word accents have been repeatedly said to have a low functional load. Even so, the language has kept these tones ever since they emerged probably over a thousand years ago. This article proposes that the primary function of word accents is for listeners to be able to predict upcoming morphological structures and narrow down the lexical competition rather than being lexically distinctive. Psycho- and neurophysiological evidence for the predictive function of word accents is discussed. A novel analysis displays that word accents have a facilitative role in word processing. Specifically, a correlation is revealed between how much incorrect word accents hinder listeners' processing and how much they reduce response times when correct. Finally, a dual-route model of the predictive use of word accents with distinct neural substrates is put forth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Roll
- Centre for Languages and Literature, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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6
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Amgalan A, Maher AS, Imms P, Ha MY, Fanelle TA, Irimia A. Functional Connectome Dynamics After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury According to Age and Sex. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:852990. [PMID: 35663576 PMCID: PMC9158471 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.852990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural and cognitive deficits after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are paralleled by changes in resting state functional correlation (FC) networks that mirror post-traumatic pathophysiology effects on functional outcomes. Using functional magnetic resonance images acquired both acutely and chronically after injury (∼1 week and ∼6 months post-injury, respectively), we map post-traumatic FC changes across 136 participants aged 19-79 (52 females), both within and between the brain's seven canonical FC networks: default mode, dorsal attention, frontoparietal, limbic, somatomotor, ventral attention, and visual. Significant sex-dependent FC changes are identified between (A) visual and limbic, and between (B) default mode and somatomotor networks. These changes are significantly associated with specific functional recovery patterns across all cognitive domains (p < 0.05, corrected). Changes in FC between default mode, somatomotor, and ventral attention networks, on the one hand, and both temporal and occipital regions, on the other hand, differ significantly by age group (p < 0.05, corrected), and are paralleled by significant sex differences in cognitive recovery independently of age at injury (p < 0.05, corrected). Whereas females' networks typically feature both significant (p < 0.036, corrected) and insignificant FC changes, males more often exhibit significant FC decreases between networks (e.g., between dorsal attention and limbic, visual and limbic, default-mode and somatomotor networks, p < 0.0001, corrected), all such changes being accompanied by significantly weaker recovery of cognitive function in males, particularly older ones (p < 0.05, corrected). No significant FC changes were found across 35 healthy controls aged 66-92 (20 females). Thus, male sex and older age at injury are risk factors for significant FC alterations whose patterns underlie post-traumatic cognitive deficits. This is the first study to map, systematically, how mTBI impacts FC between major human functional networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anar Amgalan
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alexander S. Maher
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Phoebe Imms
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michelle Y. Ha
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Timothy A. Fanelle
- Corwin D. Denney Research Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andrei Irimia
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Corwin D. Denney Research Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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7
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LARGE-SCALE distributed networks and cerebral hemispheres. Cortex 2022; 152:53-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Gosselke Berthelsen S, Horne M, Shtyrov Y, Roll M. Native language experience shapes pre-attentive foreign tone processing and guides rapid memory trace build-up: An ERP study. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e14042. [PMID: 35294788 PMCID: PMC9539634 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Language experience, particularly from our native language (L1), shapes our perception of other languages around us. The present study examined how L1 experience moulds the initial processing of foreign (L2) tone during acquisition. In particular, we investigated whether learners were able to rapidly forge new neural memory traces for novel tonal words, which was tracked by recording learners’ ERP responses during two word acquisition sessions. We manipulated the degree of L1–L2 familiarity by comparing learners with a nontonal L1 (German) and a tonal L1 (Swedish) and by using tones that were similar (fall) or dissimilar (high, low, rise) to those occurring in Swedish. Our results indicate that a rapid, pre‐attentive memory trace build‐up for tone manifests in an early ERP component at ~50 ms but only at particularly high levels of L1–L2 similarity. Specifically, early processing was facilitated for an L2 tone that had a familiar pitch shape (fall) and word‐level function (inflection). This underlines the importance of these L1 properties for the early processing of L2 tone. In comparison, a later anterior negativity related to the processing of the tones’ grammatical content was unaffected by native language experience but was instead influenced by lexicality, pitch prominence, entrenchment, and successful learning. Behaviorally, learning effects emerged for all learners and tone types, regardless of L1–L2 familiarity or pitch prominence. Together, the findings suggest that while L1‐based facilitation effects occur, they mainly affect early processing stages and do not necessarily result in more successful L2 acquisition at behavioral level. Our findings add important evidence that contributes to answering the open question of how similarity between native and target language influences target language processing and acquisition. We found facilitative effects of similarity only at pre‐attentive levels and only when the degree of similarity was high. Late processing and successful acquisition, on the other hand, were unaffected by the target words’ similarity to native language properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Gosselke Berthelsen
- Department of Linguistics and Phonetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merle Horne
- Department of Linguistics and Phonetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yury Shtyrov
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikael Roll
- Department of Linguistics and Phonetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Won JH, Youn J, Park H. Enhanced neuroimaging genetics using multi-view non-negative matrix factorization with sparsity and prior knowledge. Med Image Anal 2022; 77:102378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2022.102378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Wu J, Sun T, Yu B, Li Z, Wu Q, Wang Y, Qian Z, Zhang Y, Jiang L, Wei H. Age-specific structural fetal brain atlases construction and cortical development quantification for chinese population. Neuroimage 2021; 241:118412. [PMID: 34298085 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of fetal brain development, structural brain atlases usually serve as essential references for the fetal population. Individual images are usually normalized into a common or standard space for analysis. However, the existing fetal brain atlases are mostly based on MR images obtained from Caucasian populations and thus are not ideal for the characterization of the fetal Chinese population due to neuroanatomical differences related to genetic factors. In this paper, we use an unbiased template construction algorithm to create a set of age-specific Chinese fetal atlases between 21-35 weeks of gestation from 115 normal fetal brains. Based on the 4D spatiotemporal atlas, the morphological development patterns, e.g., cortical thickness, cortical surface area, sulcal and gyral patterns, were quantified. The fetal brain abnormalities were detected when referencing the age-specific template. Additionally, a direct comparison of the Chinese fetal atlases and Caucasian fetal atlases reveals dramatic anatomical differences, mainly in the medial frontal and temporal regions. After applying the Chinese and Caucasian fetal atlases separately to an independent Chinese fetal brain dataset, we find that the Chinese fetal atlases result in significantly higher accuracy than the Caucasian fetal atlases in guiding brain tissue segmentation. These results suggest that the Chinese fetal brain atlases are necessary for quantitative analysis of the typical and atypical development of the Chinese fetal population in the future. The atlases with their parcellations are now publicly available at https://github.com/DeepBMI/FBA-Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangjie Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Taotao Sun
- Department of Radiology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Boliang Yu
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenghao Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Wu
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoxia Qian
- Department of Radiology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Radiology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongjiang Wei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Althaus N, Wetterlin A, Lahiri A. Features of low functional load in mono- and bilinguals' lexical access: evidence from Swedish tonal accent. PHONETICA 2021; 78:175-199. [PMID: 33979904 DOI: 10.1515/phon-2021-2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Swedish makes use of tonal accents (Accents 1 and 2) to contrast words, but the functional load is very low, with some regional dialects not even exhibiting the contrast. In particular given the low number of minimal pairs, the question is whether tonal word accent is used in lexical access. Here we present two cross-modal fragment semantic priming studies in order to address this question. Both experiments use first syllable fragments in order to prime semantically related targets. Experiment 1 utilises words whose first syllable occurs with both accent patterns, creating a situation in which there is lexical competition between words that differ solely in terms of accent. Experiment 2 removes this competition by using words that have no such accent competitors. Our results show that native speakers of Swedish use tonal word accent in lexical access: Accent mispronunciations failed to prime semantically related targets, regardless of whether primes had accent competitors or not. Results for a group of early bilingual speakers (who grew up with one Swedish-speaking parent and one other non-tonal language) showed no differences in processing compared to the monolinguals. This indicates that the extraction of accent features during acquisition and their use in lexical access is robust, even in a scenario where multiple input languages lead to tonal word accent being a useful feature for only some of the lexical items that are being acquired. There is no doubt that the accent system is well entrenched into the bilinguals' phonological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Althaus
- School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Faculty of Linguistics, Philology and Phonetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Allison Wetterlin
- Faculty of Linguistics, Philology and Phonetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Foreign Languages and Translation, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Aditi Lahiri
- Faculty of Linguistics, Philology and Phonetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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12
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Similar activation patterns in the bilateral dorsal inferior frontal gyrus for monolingual and bilingual contexts in second language production. Neuropsychologia 2021; 156:107857. [PMID: 33857531 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Language production is a vital process of communication. Although many studies have devoted to the neural mechanisms of language production in bilinguals, they mainly focused on the mechanisms of cognitive control during language switching. Therefore, it is not clear how naming context influences the neural representations of linguistic information during language production in bilinguals. To address that question, the present study adopted representational similarity analysis (RSA) to investigate the neural pattern similarity (PS) between the monolingual and bilingual contexts separately for native and second languages. Consistent with previous findings, bilinguals behaviorally performed worse, and showed greater activation in brain regions for cognitive control including the anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the bilingual context relative to the monolingual context. More importantly, RSA revealed that bilinguals exhibited similar neural activation patterns in the bilateral dorsal inferior frontal gyrus between the monolingual and bilingual contexts in the production of the second language. Moreover, higher cross-context PS in the right inferior frontal gyrus was associated with smaller differences in naming speed of second language between the monolingual and bilingual contexts. These results suggest that similar linguistic representations are encoded for the monolingual and bilingual contexts in the production of non-dominant language.
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13
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Fuhrmeister P, Myers EB. Structural neural correlates of individual differences in categorical perception. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2021; 215:104919. [PMID: 33524740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2021.104919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Listeners perceive speech sounds categorically. While group-level differences in categorical perception have been observed in children or individuals with reading disorders, recent findings suggest that typical adults vary in how categorically they perceive sounds. The current study investigated neural sources of individual variability in categorical perception of speech. Fifty-seven participants rated phonetic tokens on a visual analogue scale; categoricity and response consistency were measured and related to measures of brain structure from MRI. Increased surface area of the right middle frontal gyrus predicted more categorical perception of a fricative continuum. This finding supports the idea that frontal regions are sensitive to phonetic category-level information and extends it to make behavioral predictions at the individual level. Additionally, more gyrification in bilateral transverse temporal gyri predicted less consistent responses on the task, perhaps reflecting subtle variation in language ability across the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Fuhrmeister
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Connecticut, 2 Alethia Drive, Storrs, CT 06269, United States.
| | - Emily B Myers
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Connecticut, 2 Alethia Drive, Storrs, CT 06269, United States
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14
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Zheng S, Punia D, Wu H, Liu Q. Graph Theoretic Analysis Reveals Intranasal Oxytocin Induced Network Changes Over Frontal Regions. Neuroscience 2021; 459:153-165. [PMID: 33484821 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aim to elucidate how intranasal oxytocin modulates brain network characteristics, especially over the frontal network. As an essential brain hub of social cognition and emotion regulation, we also explore the association between graphic properties of the frontal network and individual personality traits under oxytocin (OT) administration. Fifty-nine male participants administered intranasal OT or placebo were followed by resting-state fMRI scanning. The correlation-based network model was applied to study OT modulation effects. We performed community detection algorithms and conducted further network analyses, including clustering coefficient, average shortest path and eigenvector centrality. In addition, we conducted a correlation analysis between clustering coefficients and the self-assessed psychological scales. Modular organizations in the OT group reveal integrations of the frontoparietal network (FPN) and the default mode network (DMN) over frontal regions. Results show that frontal nodes within the FPN are characterized by lower clustering coefficients and higher average shortest path values compared to the placebo group. Notably, these modulation effects on frontal network property are associated with Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) fantasy value. Our results suggest that OT elevates integrations between FPN, DMN and limbic system as well as reduces small-worldness within the FPN. Our results support graph theoretic analysis as a potential tool to assess OT induced effects on the information integration in the frontal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | | | - Haiyan Wu
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences and Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau.
| | - Quanying Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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15
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Curic S, Andreou C, Nolte G, Steinmann S, Thiebes S, Polomac N, Haaf M, Rauh J, Leicht G, Mulert C. Ketamine Alters Functional Gamma and Theta Resting-State Connectivity in Healthy Humans: Implications for Schizophrenia Treatment Targeting the Glutamate System. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:671007. [PMID: 34177660 PMCID: PMC8222814 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.671007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbed functional connectivity is assumed to cause neurocognitive deficits in patients suffering from schizophrenia. A Glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) dysfunction has been suggested as a possible mechanism underlying altered connectivity in schizophrenia, especially in the gamma- and theta-frequency range. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the NMDAR-antagonist ketamine on resting-state power, functional connectivity, and schizophrenia-like psychopathological changes in healthy volunteers. In a placebo-controlled crossover design, 25 healthy subjects were recorded using resting-state 64-channel-electroencephalography (EEG) (eyes closed). The imaginary coherence-based Multivariate Interaction Measure (MIM) was used to measure gamma and theta connectivity across 80 cortical regions. The network-based statistic was applied to identify involved networks under ketamine. Psychopathology was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the 5-Dimensional Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale (5D-ASC). Ketamine caused an increase in all PANSS (p < 0.001) as well as 5D-ASC scores (p < 0.01). Significant increases in resting-state gamma and theta power were observed under ketamine compared to placebo (p < 0.05). The source-space analysis revealed two distinct networks with an increased mean functional gamma- or theta-band connectivity during the ketamine session. The gamma-network consisted of midline regions, the cuneus, the precuneus, and the bilateral posterior cingulate cortices, while the theta-band network involved the Heschl gyrus, midline regions, the insula, and the middle cingulate cortex. The current source density (CSD) within the gamma-band correlated negatively with the PANSS negative symptom score, and the activity within the gamma-band network correlated negatively with the subjective changed meaning of percepts subscale of the 5D-ASC. These results are in line with resting-state patterns seen in people who have schizophrenia and argue for a crucial role of the glutamate system in mediating dysfunctional gamma- and theta-band-connectivity in schizophrenia. Resting-state networks could serve as biomarkers for the response to glutamatergic drugs or drug development efforts within the glutamate system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stjepan Curic
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Andreou
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Translational Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Guido Nolte
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Saskia Steinmann
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Thiebes
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nenad Polomac
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Haaf
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Rauh
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gregor Leicht
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Mulert
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Centre for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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16
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Stoyanov D, Kandilarova S, Aryutova K, Paunova R, Todeva-Radneva A, Latypova A, Kherif F. Multivariate Analysis of Structural and Functional Neuroimaging Can Inform Psychiatric Differential Diagnosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 11:E19. [PMID: 33374207 PMCID: PMC7823426 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional psychiatric diagnosis has been overly reliant on either self-reported measures (introspection) or clinical rating scales (interviews). This produced the so-called explanatory gap with the bio-medical disciplines, such as neuroscience, which are supposed to deliver biological explanations of disease. In that context the neuro-biological and clinical assessment in psychiatry remained discrepant and incommensurable under conventional statistical frameworks. The emerging field of translational neuroimaging attempted to bridge the explanatory gap by means of simultaneous application of clinical assessment tools and functional magnetic resonance imaging, which also turned out to be problematic when analyzed with standard statistical methods. In order to overcome this problem our group designed a novel machine learning technique, multivariate linear method (MLM) which can capture convergent data from voxel-based morphometry, functional resting state and task-related neuroimaging and the relevant clinical measures. In this paper we report results from convergent cross-validation of biological signatures of disease in a sample of patients with schizophrenia as compared to depression. Our model provides evidence that the combination of the neuroimaging and clinical data in MLM analysis can inform the differential diagnosis in terms of incremental validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drozdstoy Stoyanov
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology and Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (S.K.); (K.A.); (R.P.); (A.T.-R.)
| | - Sevdalina Kandilarova
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology and Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (S.K.); (K.A.); (R.P.); (A.T.-R.)
| | - Katrin Aryutova
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology and Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (S.K.); (K.A.); (R.P.); (A.T.-R.)
| | - Rositsa Paunova
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology and Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (S.K.); (K.A.); (R.P.); (A.T.-R.)
| | - Anna Todeva-Radneva
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology and Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (S.K.); (K.A.); (R.P.); (A.T.-R.)
| | - Adeliya Latypova
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience—Department of Clinical Neurosciences, CHUV—UNIL, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland; (A.L.); (F.K.)
| | - Ferath Kherif
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience—Department of Clinical Neurosciences, CHUV—UNIL, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland; (A.L.); (F.K.)
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17
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Novén M, Schremm A, Horne M, Roll M. Cortical thickness and surface area of left anterior temporal areas affects processing of phonological cues to morphosyntax. Brain Res 2020; 1750:147150. [PMID: 33039411 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lack of methods to experimentally assess the perceptual processing of sound features and allow one to measure differences in phonological proficiency has been a limitation for speech processing studies in native speakers. Tonal features associated with Swedish word-stems, word accents, which cue grammatical suffixes, constitute, however, such sound features that can be exploited to generate measures of reliance on morphosyntactically relevant phonological information during word processing. Specifically, there is a natural variance between native speakers in response time (RT) difference between phonologically valid and invalid word accent-suffix combinations that can be used to quantify perceptual phonological proficiency. This study uses ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate word accents as phonological cues to morphosyntactic meaning. The study adds to the understanding of the neural basis for both morphosyntactically relevant phonological cues by reporting correlations between differences in listeners' RT for validly and invalidly cued suffixes and cortical thickness in left anterior and middle temporal gyrus, and the left anterior superior temporal sulcus as well as cortical surface area in the left middle and inferior temporal gyri. The cortical areas studied are known constituents of the ventral speech processing stream, necessary for word and phrase recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Novén
- Centre for Languages and Literature, Lund University, Box 201 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Andrea Schremm
- Centre for Languages and Literature, Lund University, Box 201 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Merle Horne
- Centre for Languages and Literature, Lund University, Box 201 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikael Roll
- Centre for Languages and Literature, Lund University, Box 201 221 00, Lund, Sweden
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18
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Pan H, Huang Q, Ban S, Du X, Su J, Liu J. Brain structural changes in CADASIL patients: A morphometric magnetic resonance imaging study. Neurosci Lett 2020; 738:135388. [PMID: 32949660 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a subcortical, inherited, cerebral small vessel disease. Several studies have revealed the involvement of specific cortical regions. However, the structural brain alterations and their clinical correlations remain largely undetermined. METHODS We evaluated 22 CADASIL patients and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We used surface- and voxel-based morphometric data derived from 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to explore structural changes in gray and white matter. We calculated Pearson correlations between such data and clinical and MRI metrics. RESULTS Compared with controls, CADASIL patients exhibited significantly decreased cortical thickness in the left supramarginal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, transverse temporal gyrus, insula, lateral orbitofrontal gyrus, isthmus cingulate gyrus and precentral gyrus. An extensive decrease in the white (but not gray) matter volume was also evident, predominantly in the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes. The number of previous strokes or transient ischemic attacks was negatively associated with the cortical thickness of the left pars opercularis and right posterior cingulate gyrus. CONCLUSION Reductions in cortical thickness and white matter volume were evident in CADASIL patients compared with controls, and higher numbers of strokes and transient ischemic attacks were associated with regional cortical thinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Pan
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Huang
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 518 East Wuzhong Road, Shanghai, 200235, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Ban
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Department of Physics, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Department of Physics, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingjing Su
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianren Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Gosselke Berthelsen S, Horne M, Shtyrov Y, Roll M. Different neural mechanisms for rapid acquisition of words with grammatical tone in learners from tonal and non-tonal backgrounds: ERP evidence. Brain Res 2020; 1729:146614. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Gao X, Yan TT, Tang DL, Huang T, Shu H, Nan Y, Zhang YX. What Makes Lexical Tone Special: A Reverse Accessing Model for Tonal Speech Perception. Front Psychol 2020; 10:2830. [PMID: 31920863 PMCID: PMC6930229 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies of tonal speech perception have generally suggested harder or later access to lexical tone than segmental information, but the mechanism underlying the lexical tone disadvantage is unclear. Using a speeded discrimination paradigm free of context information, we confirmed multiple lines of evidence for the lexical tone disadvantage as well as revealed a distinctive advantage of word and atonal syllable judgments over phoneme and lexical tone judgments. The results led us to propose a Reverse Accessing Model (RAM) for tonal speech perception. The RAM is an extension of the influential TRACE model, with two additional processing levels specialized for tonal speech: lexical tone and atonal syllable. Critically, information accessing is assumed to be in reverse order of information processing, and only information at the syllable level and up is maintained active for immediate use. We tested and confirmed the predictions of the RAM on discrimination of each type of phonological component under different stimulus conditions. The current results have thus demonstrated the capability of the RAM as a general framework for tonal speech perception to provide a united account for empirical observations as well as to generate testable predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ding-Lan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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21
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Kwok VPY, Matthews S, Yakpo K, Tan LH. Neural correlates and functional connectivity of lexical tone processing in reading. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2019; 196:104662. [PMID: 31352216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2019.104662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lexical tone processing in speech is mediated by bilateral superior temporal and inferior prefrontal regions, but little is known concerning the neural circuitries of lexical tone phonology in reading. Using fMRI, we examined the neural systems for lexical tone in visual Chinese word recognition. We found that the extraction of lexical tone phonology in print was subserved by bilateral fronto-parietal regions. Seed-to-voxel analyses showed that functionally connected cortical regions involved right inferior frontal gyrus and SMA, right middle frontal gyrus and right inferior parietal lobule, and SMA and bilateral cingulate gyri. Our results indicate that in Chinese tone reading, a bilateral network of frontal, parietal, motor, and cingulate regions is engaged, without involvement of temporal regions crucial for tone identification in auditory domain. Although neural couplings for lexical tone processing are different in speech and reading to some degree, the motor cortex seems to be a key component independent of modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica P Y Kwok
- Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Stephen Matthews
- Department of Linguistics, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Kofi Yakpo
- Department of Linguistics, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Li Hai Tan
- Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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22
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Novén M, Schremm A, Nilsson M, Horne M, Roll M. Cortical thickness of Broca's area and right homologue is related to grammar learning aptitude and pitch discrimination proficiency. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2019; 188:42-47. [PMID: 30572263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aptitude for and proficiency in acquiring new languages varies in the human population but their neural bases are largely unknown. We investigated the influence of cortical thickness on language learning predictors measured by the LLAMA tests and a pitch-change discrimination test. The LLAMA tests are first language-independent assessments of language learning aptitude for vocabulary, phonetic working memory, sound-symbol correspondence (not used in this study), and grammatical inferencing. Pitch perception proficiency is known to predict aptitude for learning new phonology. Results show a correlation between scores in a grammatical meaning-inferencing aptitude test and cortical thickness of Broca's area (r(30) = 0.65, p = 0.0202) and other frontal areas (r(30) = 0.66, p = 0.0137). Further, a correlation was found between proficiency in discriminating pitch-change direction and cortical thickness of the right Broca homologue (r(30) = 0.57, p = 0.0006). However, no correlations were found for aptitude for vocabulary learning or phonetic working memory. Results contribute to locating cortical regions important for language-learning aptitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Novén
- Department of Linguistics and Phonetics, Lund University, 221 00, Sweden.
| | - Andrea Schremm
- Department of Linguistics and Phonetics, Lund University, 221 00, Sweden.
| | - Markus Nilsson
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Radiology, Lund 221 00, Sweden.
| | - Merle Horne
- Department of Linguistics and Phonetics, Lund University, 221 00, Sweden.
| | - Mikael Roll
- Department of Linguistics and Phonetics, Lund University, 221 00, Sweden.
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