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Zhang X, Xiao Y, You X, Sun S, Sui SF. In situ structural determination of cyanobacterial phycobilisome-PSII supercomplex by STAgSPA strategy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7201. [PMID: 39169020 PMCID: PMC11339077 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis converting solar energy to chemical energy is one of the most important chemical reactions on earth. In cyanobacteria, light energy is captured by antenna system phycobilisomes (PBSs) and transferred to photosynthetic reaction centers of photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI). While most of the protein complexes involved in photosynthesis have been characterized by in vitro structural analyses, how these protein complexes function together in vivo is not well understood. Here we implemented STAgSPA, an in situ structural analysis strategy, to solve the native structure of PBS-PSII supercomplex from the cyanobacteria Arthrospira sp. FACHB439 at resolution of ~3.5 Å. The structure reveals coupling details among adjacent PBSs and PSII dimers, and the collaborative energy transfer mechanism mediated by multiple super-PBS in cyanobacteria. Our results provide insights into the diversity of photosynthesis-related systems between prokaryotic cyanobacteria and eukaryotic red algae but are also a methodological demonstration for high-resolution structural analysis in cellular or tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yanan Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin You
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sen-Fang Sui
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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2
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Espinoza-Corral R, Iwai M, Zavřel T, Lechno-Yossef S, Sutter M, Červený J, Niyogi KK, Kerfeld CA. Phycobilisome protein ApcG interacts with PSII and regulates energy transfer in Synechocystis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:1383-1396. [PMID: 37972281 PMCID: PMC10904348 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms harvest light using pigment-protein complexes. In cyanobacteria, these are water-soluble antennae known as phycobilisomes (PBSs). The light absorbed by PBS is transferred to the photosystems in the thylakoid membrane to drive photosynthesis. The energy transfer between these complexes implies that protein-protein interactions allow the association of PBS with the photosystems. However, the specific proteins involved in the interaction of PBS with the photosystems are not fully characterized. Here, we show in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 that the recently discovered PBS linker protein ApcG (sll1873) interacts specifically with PSII through its N-terminal region. Growth of cyanobacteria is impaired in apcG deletion strains under light-limiting conditions. Furthermore, complementation of these strains using a phospho-mimicking version of ApcG causes reduced growth under normal growth conditions. Interestingly, the interaction of ApcG with PSII is affected when a phospho-mimicking version of ApcG is used, targeting the positively charged residues interacting with the thylakoid membrane, suggesting a regulatory role mediated by phosphorylation of ApcG. Low-temperature fluorescence measurements showed decreased PSI fluorescence in apcG deletion and complementation strains. The PSI fluorescence was the lowest in the phospho-mimicking complementation strain, while the pull-down experiment showed no interaction of ApcG with PSI under any tested condition. Our results highlight the importance of ApcG for selectively directing energy harvested by the PBS and imply that the phosphorylation status of ApcG plays a role in regulating energy transfer from PSII to PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Espinoza-Corral
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Masakazu Iwai
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Tomáš Zavřel
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Drásov 470, CZ-66424 Drásov, Czech Republic
| | - Sigal Lechno-Yossef
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Markus Sutter
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jan Červený
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Drásov 470, CZ-66424 Drásov, Czech Republic
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Cheryl A Kerfeld
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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3
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Bolychevtseva YV, Tropin IV, Stadnichuk IN. State 1 and State 2 in Photosynthetic Apparatus of Red Microalgae and Cyanobacteria. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2021; 86:1181-1191. [PMID: 34903149 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Imbalanced light absorption by photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) in oxygenic phototrophs leads to changes in interaction of photosystems altering the linear electron flow. In plants and green algae, this imbalance is mitigated by a partial migration of the chlorophyll a/b containing light-harvesting antenna between the two photosystem core complexes. This migration is registered as fluorescence changes of the pigment apparatus and is termed the reverse transitions between States 1 and 2. By contrast, the molecular mechanism of State 1/2 transitions in phycobilisome (PBS)-containing photosynthetics, cyanobacteria and red algae, is still insufficiently understood. The suggested hypotheses - PBS movement along the surface of thylakoid membrane between PSI and PSII complexes, reversible PBS detachment from the dimeric PSII complex, and spillover - have some limitations as they do not fully explain the accumulated data. Here, we have recorded changes in the stationary fluorescence emission spectra of red algae and cyanobacteria in States 1/2 at room temperature, which allowed us to offer an explanation of the existing contradictions. The change of room temperature fluorescence of chlorophyll belonged to PSII was revealed, while the fluorescence of PBS associated with the PSII complexes remained during States 1/2 transitions at the stable level. Only the reversible dissociation of PBS from the monomeric PSI was revealed earlier which implied different degree of surface contact of PBS with the two photosystems. The detachment of PBS from the PSI corresponds to ferredoxin oxidation as electron carrier and the increase of cyclic electron transport in the pigment apparatus in State I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia V Bolychevtseva
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
| | - Ivan V Tropin
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Igor N Stadnichuk
- Timiryasev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127726, Russia.
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4
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Belyaeva NE, Bulychev AA, Klementiev KE, Paschenko VZ, Riznichenko GY, Rubin AB. Model quantification of the light-induced thylakoid membrane processes in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 in vivo and after exposure to radioactive irradiation. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 146:259-278. [PMID: 32734447 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00774-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of OJIP-SMT patterns of fluorescence induction (FI) in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (Synechocystis) cells on a time scale up to several minutes were mathematically treated within the framework of thylakoid membrane (T-M) model (Belyaeva et al., Photosynth Res 140:1-19, 2019) that was renewed to account for the state transitions effects. Principles of describing electron transfer in reaction centers of photosystems II and I (PSII and PSI) and cytochrome b6f complex remained unchanged, whereas parameters for dissipative reactions of non-radiative charge recombination were altered depending on the oxidation state of QB-site (neutral, reduced by one electron, empty, reduced by two electrons). According to our calculations, the initial content of plastoquinol (PQH2) in the total quinone pool of Synechocystis cells adapted to darkness for 10 min ranged between 20 and 40%. The results imply that the PQ pool mediates photosynthetic and respiratory charge flows. The redistribution of PBS antenna units responsible for the increase of Chl fluorescence in cyanobacteria (qT2 → 1) upon state 2 → 1 transition or the fluorescence lowering (qT1 → 2) due to state 1 → 2 transition were described in the model by exponential functions. Parameters of dynamically changed effective cross section were found by means of simulations of OJIP-SMT patterns observed on Synechocystis cells upon strong (3000 μmol photons m-2s-1) and moderate (1000 μmol photons m-2s-1) actinic light intensities. The corresponding light constant values kLΣAnt = 1.2 ms-1 and 0.4 ms-1 define the excitation of total antenna pool dynamically redistributed between PSII and PSI reaction centers. Although the OCP-induced quenching of antenna excitation is not involved in the model, the main features of the induction signals have been satisfactorily explained. In the case of strong illumination, the effective cross section decreases by approximately 33% for irradiated Synechocystis cells as compared to untreated cells. Under moderate light, the irradiated Synechocystis cells showed in simulations the same cross section as the untreated cells. The thylakoid model renewed with state transitions description allowed simulation of fluorescence induction OJIP-SMT curves detected on time scale from microseconds to minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Belyaeva
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A A Bulychev
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - K E Klementiev
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - V Z Paschenko
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - G Yu Riznichenko
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - A B Rubin
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
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5
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Calzadilla PI, Kirilovsky D. Revisiting cyanobacterial state transitions. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:585-603. [DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00451c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Critical evaluation of “new” and “old” models of cyanobacterial state transitions. Phycobilisome and membrane contributions to this mechanism are addressed. The signaling transduction pathway is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo I. Calzadilla
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CNRS
- CEA
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)
- 91198 Gif sur Yvette
| | - Diana Kirilovsky
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CNRS
- CEA
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)
- 91198 Gif sur Yvette
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6
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Kirilovsky D. Modulating Energy Transfer from Phycobilisomes to Photosystems: State Transitions and OCP-Related Non-Photochemical Quenching. PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN ALGAE: BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-33397-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Zhan J, Wang Q. Photoresponse Mechanism in Cyanobacteria: Key Factor in Photoautotrophic Chassis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1080:75-96. [PMID: 30091092 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0854-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As the oldest oxygenic photoautotrophic prokaryotes, cyanobacteria have outstanding advantages as the chassis cell in the research field of synthetic biology. Cognition of photosynthetic mechanism, including the photoresponse mechanism under high-light (HL) conditions, is important for optimization of the cyanobacteria photoautotrophic chassis for synthesizing biomaterials as "microbial cell factories." Cyanobacteria are well-established model organisms for the study of oxygenic photosynthesis and have evolved various acclimatory responses to HL conditions to protect the photosynthetic apparatus from photodamage. Here, we reviewed the latest progress in the mechanism of HL acclimation in cyanobacteria. The subsequent acclimatory responses and the corresponding molecular mechanisms are included: (1) acclimatory responses of PSII and PSI; (2) the degradation of phycobilisome; (3) induction of the photoprotective mechanisms such as state transitions, OCP-dependent non-photochemical quenching, and the induction of HLIP family; and (4) the regulation mechanisms of the gene expression under HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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8
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Connectivity among Photosystem II centers in phytoplankters: Patterns and responses. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:459-474. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Kirilovsky D. Modulating energy arriving at photochemical reaction centers: orange carotenoid protein-related photoprotection and state transitions. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 126:3-17. [PMID: 25139327 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-014-0031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms tightly regulate the energy arriving to the reaction centers in order to avoid photodamage or imbalance between the photosystems. To this purpose, cyanobacteria have developed mechanisms involving relatively rapid (seconds to minutes) changes in the photosynthetic apparatus. In this review, two of these processes will be described: orange carotenoid protein(OCP)-related photoprotection and state transitions which optimize energy distribution between the two photosystems. The photoactive OCP is a light intensity sensor and an energy dissipater. Photoactivation depends on light intensity and only the red-active OCP form, by interacting with phycobilisome cores, increases thermal energy dissipation at the level of the antenna. A second protein, the "fluorescence recovery protein", is needed to recover full antenna capacity under low light conditions. This protein accelerates OCP conversion to the inactive orange form and plays a role in dislodging the red OCP protein from the phycobilisome. The mechanism of state transitions is still controversial. Changes in the redox state of the plastoquinone pool induce movement of phycobilisomes and/or photosystems leading to redistribution of energy absorbed by phycobilisomes between PSII and PSI and/or to changes in excitation energy spillover between photosystems. The different steps going from the induction of redox changes to movement of phycobilisomes or photosystems remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Kirilovsky
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), SB2SM, Bat 532, Institut de Biologie et Technologies de Saclay (iBiTec-S), 91191, Gif sur Yvette, France.
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 8221, 91191, Gif sur Yvette, France.
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10
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Derks A, Schaven K, Bruce D. Diverse mechanisms for photoprotection in photosynthesis. Dynamic regulation of photosystem II excitation in response to rapid environmental change. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:468-485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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11
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Zhao W, Xie J, Xu X, Zhao J. State transitions and fluorescence quenching in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 in response to changes in light quality and intensity. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 142:169-77. [PMID: 25543550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
State transition and non-photochemical fluorescence quenching in cyanobacteria are short-term adaptations of photosynthetic apparatus to changes in light quality and intensity, however, the kinetic details and relationship are still not clear. In this work, time-dependent 77K fluorescence spectra were monitored for cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 cells under blue, orange and blue-green light in a series of intensities. The characteristic fluorescence signals indicated state transition taking place exclusively under 430-450 or 580-600nm light or 480-550nm light at the intensities ⩽150μEm(-2)s(-1) to achieve a conserved level with variable rate constant. Under 480-500nm or 530-550nm light at the intensities ⩾160μEm(-2)s(-1), state transition took place at first but stopped as soon as the fluorescence quenching appeared. The dependence of appearance, induction period, level and rate constant for the quenching on light intensity suggests that a critical concentration of photo-activated OCPs is necessary and may be achieved by a dynamic equilibrium between the activation and deactivation under light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, P.O. Box 101, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2, 1st North Street, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Jie Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, P.O. Box 101, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2, 1st North Street, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, PR China.
| | - Xiuling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, P.O. Box 101, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2, 1st North Street, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Jingquan Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, P.O. Box 101, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2, 1st North Street, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, PR China.
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12
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Kłodawska K, Kovács L, Várkonyi Z, Kis M, Sozer Ö, Laczkó-Dobos H, Kóbori O, Domonkos I, Strzałka K, Gombos Z, Malec P. Elevated Growth Temperature Can Enhance Photosystem I Trimer Formation and Affects Xanthophyll Biosynthesis in Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 56:558-71. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Zhao J, Chen L, Gao F, Wang Q, Qiu Z, Ma W. Identification of biochemical association of phycobilisome with photosystems in cyanobacterial state transition. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:911-6. [PMID: 25112289 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
State transition is a short-term balance mechanism of energy distribution between photosystem II (PSII) and PSI. Although light-induced state transition in cyanobacteria has been suggested to depend completely on the phycobilisome (PBS) movement between PSII and PSI, the biochemical evidence has not been clearly shown. In this study, we locked the association of PBS with PSII or PSI using glycinebetaine when cells attain State 1 or 2 by exposure to light of blue or green, respectively. Subsequently, the PBS-reaction centers were resolved by blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and two-dimensional electrophoresis, and then identified by western blot analysis. The results showed that in wild-type (WT) Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803, the PBS core always co-migrates with the PSII dimer during light-induced State 1-State 2 transition, but its rod leaves the PSII dimer in State 2 regardless of its co-migration in State 1. In the light-induced State 2, the co-migration of PBS rod with PSI trimer was observed in WT, but not in ΔndhB (M55), a State-2-transition-deficient mutant. This study first provided the biochemical evidence for the association of PBS with photosystems during cyanobacterial state transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaohong Zhao
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Liping Chen
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China The National Center for Drug Screening, The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and the State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fudan Gao
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Quanxi Wang
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Zijian Qiu
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Weimin Ma
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
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14
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Kinetics of blue-green light-induced state transition and fluorescence quenching in the wild-type cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 and apcD − and apcF − mutants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-014-0533-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Hu P, Lv J, Fu P, Hualing M. Enzymatic characterization of an active NDH complex from Thermosynechococcus elongatus. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:2340-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Moal G, Lagoutte B. Photo-induced electron transfer from photosystem I to NADP(+): characterization and tentative simulation of the in vivo environment. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2012; 1817:1635-45. [PMID: 22683536 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The photoproduction of NADPH in photosynthetic organisms requires the successive or concomitant interaction of at least three proteins: photosystem I (PSI), ferredoxin (Fd) and ferredoxin:NADP(+) oxidoreductase (FNR). These proteins and their surrounding medium have been carefully analysed in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. A high value of 550mg/ml was determined for the overall solute content of the cell soluble compartment. PSI and Fd are present at similar concentrations, around 500μM, whereas the FNR associated to phycobilisome is about 4 fold less concentrated. Membrane densities of FNR and trimeric PSI have been estimated to 2000 and 2550 per μm(2), respectively. An artificial confinement of Fd to PSI was designed using fused constructs between Fd and PsaE, a peripheral and stroma located PSI subunit. The best covalent system in terms of photocatalysed NADPH synthesis can be equivalent to the free system in a dilute medium. In a macrosolute crowded medium (375mg/ml), this optimized PSI/Fd covalent complex exhibited a huge superiority compared to the free system. This is a likely consequence of restrained diffusion constraints due to the vicinity of two out of the three protein partners. In vivo, Fd is the free partner, but the constant proximity between PSI and the phycobilisome associated FNR creates a similar situation, with two closely associated partners. This organization seems well adapted for an efficient in vivo production of the stable and fast diffusing NADPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaëlle Moal
- Service de Bioenergetique, Biologie Structurale et Mecanismes, Gif sur Yvette, France
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17
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Xu X, Yang S, Xie J, Zhao J. Kinetics and dynamics for light state transition in cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 422:233-7. [PMID: 22575447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.04.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Light state transition in oxygenic organisms was defined as the ability to equalize the excitation of the two photosystems for maximal photosynthetic efficiency. In cyanobacteria, extensive researches on state transition have continuously provided new knowledge in the past decades but the molecular mechanism and physiological significance are still ambiguous. In this work, kinetics and dynamics of the transition from state 1 to state 2 in cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis cells were studied at different intensity of orange light from 10 to 120 μmol m(-2) s(-1). It was revealed that the state transition worked constantly independent of light intensity while the rates varied. The synchronous fluorescence kinetics for phycobilisome (PBS) and photosystem components indicated that the state transition was entirely regulated by "mobile PBS", and continuously changed fluorescence amplitudes suggested a series of intermediate states were involved between state 1 and state 2. The dynamic property of PBS movement during the state transition was revealed by (1,0) distribution of photo-linkable PBSs, indicating a collective movement of all PBSs. The results suggest that state transition in cyanobacteria possesses not only physiological but also photochemical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100080, PR China
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18
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Bernát G, Schreiber U, Sendtko E, Stadnichuk IN, Rexroth S, Rögner M, Koenig F. Unique properties vs. common themes: the atypical cyanobacterium Gloeobacter violaceus PCC 7421 is capable of state transitions and blue-light-induced fluorescence quenching. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 53:528-542. [PMID: 22302714 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcs009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The atypical unicellular cyanobacterium Gloeobacter violaceus PCC 7421, which diverged very early during the evolution of cyanobacteria, can be regarded as a key organism for understanding many structural, functional, regulatory and evolutionary aspects of oxygenic photosynthesis. In the present work, the performance of two basic photosynthetic adaptation/protection mechanisms, common to all other oxygenic photoautrophs, had been challenged in this ancient cyanobacterium which lacks thylakoid membranes: state transitions and non-photochemical fluorescence quenching. Both low temperature fluorescence spectra and room temperature fluorescence transients show that G. violaceus is capable of performing state transitions similar to evolutionarily more recent cyanobacteria, being in state 2 in darkness and in state 1 upon illumination by weak blue or far-red light. Compared with state 2, variable fluorescence yield in state 1 is strongly enhanced (almost 80%), while the functional absorption cross-section of PSII is only increased by 8%. In contrast to weak blue light, which enhances fluorescence yield via state 1 formation, strong blue light reversibly quenches Chl fluorescence in G. violaceus. This strongly suggests regulated heat dissipation which is triggered by the orange carotenoid protein whose presence was directly proven by immunoblotting and mass spectrometry in this primordial cyanobacterium. The results are discussed in the framework of cyanobacterial evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Bernát
- Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany.
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19
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New mechanism revealed for light-state transition in cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis according to 77-K fluorescence kinetics. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-011-4962-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Stadnichuk IN, Bulychev AA, Lukashev EP, Sinetova MP, Khristin MS, Johnson MP, Ruban AV. Far-red light-regulated efficient energy transfer from phycobilisomes to photosystem I in the red microalga Galdieria sulphuraria and photosystems-related heterogeneity of phycobilisome population. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1807:227-35. [PMID: 21036140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/24/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phycobilisomes (PBS) are the major photosynthetic antenna complexes in cyanobacteria and red algae. In the red microalga Galdieria sulphuraria, action spectra measured separately for photosynthetic activities of photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) demonstrate that PBS fraction attributed to PSI is more sensitive to stress conditions and upon nitrogen starvation disappears from the cell earlier than the fraction of PBS coupled to PSII. Preillumination of the cells by actinic far-red light primarily absorbed by PSI caused an increase in the amplitude of the PBS low-temperature fluorescence emission that was accompanied by the decrease in PBS region of the PSI 77 K fluorescence excitation spectrum. Under the same conditions, fluorescence excitation spectrum of PSII remained unchanged. The amplitude of P700 photooxidation in PBS-absorbed light at physiological temperature was found to match the fluorescence changes observed at 77 K. The far-red light adaptations were reversible within 2-5min. It is suggested that the short-term fluorescence alterations observed in far-red light are triggered by the redox state of P700 and correspond to the temporal detachment of the PBS antenna from the core complexes of PSI. Furthermore, the absence of any change in the 77 K fluorescence excitation cross-section of PSII suggests that light energy transfer from PBS to PSI in G. sulphuraria is direct and does not occur through PSII. Finally, a novel photoprotective role of PBS in red algae is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor N Stadnichuk
- A.N. Bakh Institute of Biochemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russi.
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21
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Excitation energy transfer to Photosystem I in filaments and heterocysts of Nostoc punctiforme. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1797:425-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2009.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Revised: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Spectral characteristic of fluorescence induction in a model cyanobacterium, Synechococcus sp. (PCC 7942). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2009; 1787:1170-8. [PMID: 19410552 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2009.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2008] [Revised: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We present here three-dimensional time-wavelength-intensity displays of changes in variable fluorescence, during the O(JI)PSMT transient, observed in cyanobacterium at room temperature. We were able to measure contributions of individual chromophores to fluorescence spectra at various times of fluorescence induction (FI). The method was applied to a freshwater cyanobacterium, Synechococcus sp. (PCC 7942). Analysis of our experimental results provides the following new conclusions: (i) the main chlorophyll (Chl) a emission band at approximately 685 nm that originates in Photosystem (PS) II exhibits typical fast (OPS) and slow (SMT) FI kinetics with both orange (622 nm) and blue (464 nm) excitation. (ii) Similar kinetics are exhibited for its far-red emission satellite band centered at approximately 745 nm, where the PS II contribution predominates. (iii) A significant OPS-SMT-type kinetics of C-phycocyanin emission at approximately 650 nm are observed with the blue light excitation, but not with orange light excitation where the signal rose only slightly to a maximum. The induction of F650 was not caused by an admixture of the F685 fluorescence and thus our data show light-inducible and dark-reversible changes of phycobilin fluorescence in vivo. We discuss possible interpretations of this new observation.
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23
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Zhang R, Xie J, Zhao J. The mobility of PSI and PQ molecules in Spirulina platensis cells during state transition. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2009; 99:107-113. [PMID: 19140024 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-008-9400-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 12/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Monomerization and trimerization of photosystem I (PSI) in cyanobacteria are reversible to response to light switched off and on, which leads to "energy spillover" to regulate excitation of the two photosystems in balance. Considering that PSI is a trans-membrane protein embedded in thylakoid membranes, the monomerization or trimerization must involve a movement of PSI in the membranes. In this work, the mobility of PSI was demonstrated by dependence of the monomerization and trimerization on temperature for intact Spirulina platensis cells undergoing a light-to-dark or a dark-to-light transition. Based on the characteristic absorbance of monomers and trimmers, it confirms that both monomerization and trimerization are temperature-sensitive. The relative populations of the monomers and trimmers are invariable above the phase transition temperature (T (PT)) while directly proportional to temperature below T (PT). On the other hand, the rate to reach the equilibrium population is proportional to temperature above T (PT) but invariable below T (PT). The PSI mobility and the temperature-dependent population are contrary to those of plastoquinone (PQ) molecules because PSI is a trans-membrane protein while PQ molecules are small diffusive electron carriers in thylakoid membranes as well as their distinctive sizes and environments. The less monomerization of PSI but the invariable time constant at lower temperature below T (PT) may be due to that accumulation of the reduced PQ molecules results in decrease of the stromal-side H(+) concentration which is a driving force of PSI monomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, People's Republic of China
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24
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Yang S, Zhang R, Hu C, Xie J, Zhao J. The dynamic behavior of phycobilisome movement during light state transitions in cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2009; 99:99-106. [PMID: 19130288 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-008-9396-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2008] [Accepted: 12/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Light state transition is a physiological function of oxygenic organisms to balance the excitation of photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), hence a prerequisite of oxygen-evolving photosynthesis. For cyanobacteria, phycobilisome (PBS) movement during light state transition has long been expected, but never observed. Here the dynamic behavior of PBS movement during state transition in cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803 is experimentally detected via time-dependent fluorescence fluctuation. Under continuous excitation of PBSs in the intact cells, time-dependent fluorescence fluctuations resemble "damped oscillation" mode, which indicates dynamic searching of a PBS in an "overcorrection" manner for the "balance" position where PSII and PSI are excited equally. Based on the parallel model, it is suggested that the "damped oscillation" fluorescence fluctuation is originated from a collective movement of all the PBSs to find the "balance" position. Based on the continuous fluorescence fluctuation during light state transition and also variety of solar spectra, it may be deduced that light state transition of oxygen-evolution organisms is a natural behavior that occurs daily rather than an artificial phenomenon at extreme light conditions in laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Photochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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25
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Folea IM, Zhang P, Aro EM, Boekema EJ. Domain organization of photosystem II in membranes of the cyanobacteriumSynechocystisPCC6803 investigated by electron microscopy. FEBS Lett 2008; 582:1749-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2008] [Revised: 04/18/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Arteni AA, Liu LN, Aartsma TJ, Zhang YZ, Zhou BC, Boekema EJ. Structure and organization of phycobilisomes on membranes of the red alga Porphyridium cruentum. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2008; 95:169-74. [PMID: 17922299 PMCID: PMC2173912 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-007-9264-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, electron microscopy and single particle averaging was performed to investigate the supramolecular architecture of hemiellipsoidal phycobilisomes from the unicellular red alga Porphyridium cruentum. The dimensions were measured as 60 x 41 x 34 nm (length x width x height) for randomly ordered phycobilisomes, seen under high-light conditions. The hemiellipsoidal phycobilisomes were found to have a relatively flexible conformation. In closely packed semi-crystalline arrays, observed under low-light conditions, the width is reduced to 31 or 35 nm, about twice the width of the phycobilisome of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Since the latter size matches the width of dimeric PSII, we suggest that one PBS lines up with one PSII dimer in cyanobacteria. In red algae, a similar 1:1 ratio under low-light conditions may indicate that the red algal phycobilisome is enlarged by a membrane-bound peripheral antenna which is absent in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana A. Arteni
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, GBB, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lu-Ning Liu
- Biophysics Department, Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- State Key Lab of Microbiol Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 P. R. China
| | - Thijs J. Aartsma
- Biophysics Department, Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- State Key Lab of Microbiol Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 P. R. China
| | - Bai-Cheng Zhou
- State Key Lab of Microbiol Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 P. R. China
| | - Egbert J. Boekema
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, GBB, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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27
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Hydrogen ions directly regulating the oligomerization state of Photosystem I in intact Spirulina platensis cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-008-0064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Zhang R, Li H, Xie J, Zhao J. Estimation of relative contribution of "mobile phycobilisome" and "energy spillover" in the light-dark induced state transition in Spirulina platensis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2007; 94:315-320. [PMID: 17952696 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-007-9272-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2007] [Accepted: 10/04/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Previously, it was clarified that phycobilisome (PBS) mobility and energy spillover were both involved in light-to-dark induced state transitions of intact Spirulina platensis cells. In this work, by taking advantage of the characteristic fluorescence spectra of photosystem I (PSI) trimers and monomers as indicators, the relative contributions for the "mobile PBS" and "energy spillover" are quantitatively estimated by separating the fluorescence contribution of PBS mobility from that of PSI oligomeric change. Above the phase transition temperature (TPT) of the membrane lipids, the relative proportion of the contributions is invariable with 65% of "mobile PBS" and 35% of "energy spillover". Below TPT, the proportion for the "mobile PBS" becomes larger under lowering temperature even reaching 95% with 5% "energy spillover" at 0 degrees C. It is known that lower temperature leads to a further light state due to a more reduced or oxidized PQ pool. Based on the current result, it can be deduced that disequilibrium of the redox state of the PQ pool will trigger PBS movement instead of change in the PSI oligomeric state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 101, No. 2, 1st North Street, Beijing 100080, PR China
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29
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Kumar DP, Murthy SD. Photoinhibition Induced Alterations in Energy Transfer Process in Phycobilisomes of PS II in the Cyanobacterium, Spirulina platensis. BMB Rep 2007; 40:644-8. [DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2007.40.5.644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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30
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Ma W, Ogawa T, Shen Y, Mi H. Changes in cyclic and respiratory electron transport by the movement of phycobilisomes in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2007; 1767:742-9. [PMID: 17336920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2007.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2006] [Revised: 01/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Phycobilisomes (PBS) are the major accessory light-harvesting complexes in cyanobacteria and their mobility affects the light energy distribution between the two photosystems. We investigated the effect of PBS mobility on state transitions, photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport, and various fluorescence parameters in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803, using glycinebetaine to immobilize and couple PBS to photosystem II (PSII) or photosystem I (PSI) by applying under far-red or green light, respectively. The immobilization of PBS at PSII inhibited the increase in cyclic electron flow, photochemical and non-photochemical quenching, and decrease in respiration that occurred during the movement of PBS from PSII to PSI. In contrast, the immobilization of PBS at PSI inhibited the increase in respiration and photochemical quenching and decrease in cyclic electron flow and non-photochemical quenching that occurred when PBS moved from PSI to PSII. Linear electron transport did not change during PBS movement but increased or decreased significantly during longer illumination with far-red or green light, respectively. This implies that PBS movement is completed in a short time but it takes longer for the overall photosynthetic reactions to be tuned to a new state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Ma
- National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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31
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Yang S, Su Z, Li H, Feng J, Xie J, Xia A, Gong Y, Zhao J. Demonstration of phycobilisome mobility by the time- and space-correlated fluorescence imaging of a cyanobacterial cell. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2006; 1767:15-21. [PMID: 17188231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2006.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2006] [Revised: 10/04/2006] [Accepted: 11/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The cell-wide mobility of PBSs was confirmed by synchronously monitoring the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and the fluorescence loss in photobleaching (FLIP). On the other hand, a fluorescence recovery was still observed even if PBSs were immobile (PBSs fixed on the membranes by betaine and isolated PBSs fixed on the agar plate) or PBS mobility was unobservable (cell wholly bleached). Furthermore, it was proved that some artificial factors were involved not only in FRAP but also in FLIP, including renaturation of the reversibly denatured proteins, laser scanning-induced fluorescence loss and photo-damage to the cell. With consideration of the fast renaturation component in fluorescence recovery, the diffusion coefficient was estimated to be tenfold smaller than that without the component. Moreover, it was observed that the fluorescence intensity on the bleached area was always lower than that on the non-bleached area, even after 20 min, while it should be equal if PBSs were mobile freely. Based on the increasing proportion of the PBSs anti-washed to Triton X-100 (1%) with prolonged laser irradiation to the cells locked in light state 1 by PBQ, it was concluded that some PBSs became immobile due to photo-linking to PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Photochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100080, PR China
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