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Wang L, Chen L, Yang S, Tan X. Photosynthetic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Oleochemicals by Cyanobacteria: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:634. [PMID: 32362881 PMCID: PMC7181335 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable production of biofuels and biochemicals has been broadly accepted as a solution to lower carbon dioxide emissions. Besides being used as lubricants or detergents, oleochemicals are also attractive biofuels as they are compatible with existing transport infrastructures. Cyanobacteria are autotrophic prokaryotes possessing photosynthetic abilities with mature genetic manipulation systems. Through the introduction of exogenous or the modification of intrinsic metabolic pathways, cyanobacteria have been engineered to produce various bio-chemicals and biofuels over the past decade. In this review, we specifically summarize recent progress on photosynthetic production of fatty acids, fatty alcohols, fatty alk(a/e)nes, and fatty acid esters by genetically engineered cyanobacteria. We also summarize recent reports on fatty acid and lipid metabolisms of cyanobacteria and provide perspectives for economic cyanobacterial oleochemical production in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shihui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoming Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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Hill LJ, Paradas WC, Willemes MJ, Pereira MG, Salomon PS, Mariath R, Moura RL, Atella GC, Farina M, Amado-Filho GM, Salgado LT. Acidification-induced cellular changes in Symbiodinium isolated from Mussismilia braziliensis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220130. [PMID: 31381568 PMCID: PMC6681953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dinoflagellates from the Symbiodiniaceae family and corals have an ecologically important endosymbiotic relationship. Scleractinian corals cannot survive for long periods without their symbionts. These algae, also known as zooxanthellae, on the other hand, thrives outside the coral cells. The free-living populations of zooxanthellae are essential for the resilience of the coral to environmental stressors such as temperature anomalies and ocean acidification. Yet, little is known about how ocean acidification may affect the free-living zooxanthellae. In this study we aimed to test morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of zooxanthellae from the Symbiodinium genus isolated from the coral Mussismilia braziliensis, endemic to the Brazilian coast, to acidification led by increased atmospheric CO2. We tested whether photosynthetic yield, cell ultrastructure, cell density and lipid profile would change after up to 16 days of exposure to pH 7.5 in an atmospheric pCO2 of 1633 μatm. Photosynthetic yield and cell density were negatively affected and chloroplasts showed vesiculated thylakoids, indicating morphological damage. Moreover, Symbiodinium fatty acid profile drastically changed in acidified condition, showing lower polyunsaturated fatty acids and higher saturated fatty acids contents, when compared to the control, non-acidified condition. These results show that seawater acidification as an only stressor causes significant changes in the physiology, biochemistry and ultrastructure of free-living Symbiodinium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian J Hill
- Diretoria de Pesquisas, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wladimir C Paradas
- Diretoria de Pesquisas, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Julia Willemes
- Diretoria de Pesquisas, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Miria G Pereira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo S Salomon
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Mariath
- Diretoria de Pesquisas, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo L Moura
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Georgia C Atella
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Farina
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gilberto M Amado-Filho
- Diretoria de Pesquisas, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo T Salgado
- Diretoria de Pesquisas, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Bojko M, Olchawa-Pajor M, Goss R, Schaller-Laudel S, Strzałka K, Latowski D. Diadinoxanthin de-epoxidation as important factor in the short-term stabilization of diatom photosynthetic membranes exposed to different temperatures. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1270-1286. [PMID: 30362127 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The importance of diadinoxanthin (Ddx) de-epoxidation in the short-term modulation of the temperature effect on photosynthetic membranes of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum was demonstrated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), Laurdan fluorescence spectroscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatography. The 5-SASL spin probe employed for the EPR measurements and Laurdan provided information about the membrane area close to the polar head groups of the membrane lipids, whereas with the 16-SASL spin probe, the hydrophobic core, where the fatty acid residues are located, was probed. The obtained results indicate that Ddx de-epoxidation induces a two component mechanism in the short-term regulation of the membrane fluidity of diatom thylakoids during changing temperatures. One component has been termed the "dynamic effect" and the second the "stable effect" of Ddx de-epoxidation. The "dynamic effect" includes changes of the membrane during the time course of de-epoxidation whereas the "stable effect" is based on the rigidifying properties of Dtx. The combination of both effects results in a temporary increase of the rigidity of both peripheral and internal parts of the membrane whereas the persistent increase of the rigidity of the hydrophobic core of the membrane is solely based on the "stable effect."
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bojko
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Olchawa-Pajor
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Reimund Goss
- Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Kazimierz Strzałka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dariusz Latowski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Cordara A, Re A, Pagliano C, Van Alphen P, Pirone R, Saracco G, Branco Dos Santos F, Hellingwerf K, Vasile N. Analysis of the light intensity dependence of the growth of Synechocystis and of the light distribution in a photobioreactor energized by 635 nm light. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5256. [PMID: 30065870 PMCID: PMC6065478 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Synechocystis gathered momentum in modelling studies and biotechnological applications owing to multiple factors like fast growth, ability to fix carbon dioxide into valuable products, and the relative ease of genetic manipulation. Synechocystis physiology and metabolism, and consequently, the productivity of Synechocystis-based photobioreactors (PBRs), are heavily light modulated. Here, we set up a turbidostat-controlled lab-scale cultivation system in order to study the influence of varying orange–red light intensities on Synechocystis growth characteristics and photosynthetic activity. Synechocystis growth and photosynthetic activity were found to raise as supplied light intensity increased up to 500 μmol photons m−2 s−1 and to enter the photoinhibition state only at 800 μmol photons m−2 s−1. Interestingly, reverting the light to a non-photo-inhibiting intensity unveiled Synechocystis to be able to promptly recover. Furthermore, our characterization displayed a clear correlation between variations in growth rate and cell size, extending a phenomenon previously observed in other cyanobacteria. Further, we applied a modelling approach to simulate the effects produced by varying the incident light intensity on its local distribution within the PBR vessel. Our model simulations suggested that the photosynthetic activity of Synechocystis could be enhanced by finely regulating the intensity of the light incident on the PBR in order to prevent cells from experiencing light-induced stress and induce their exploitation of areas of different local light intensity formed in the vessel. In the latter case, the heterogeneous distribution of the local light intensity would allow Synechocystis for an optimized usage of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cordara
- Applied Science and Technology Department-Biosolar Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
| | - Angela Re
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Pagliano
- Applied Science and Technology Department-Biosolar Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Pascal Van Alphen
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Raffaele Pirone
- Applied Science and Technology Department, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Guido Saracco
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Klaas Hellingwerf
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nicolò Vasile
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
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5
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Systematic identification of light-regulated cold-responsive proteome in a model cyanobacterium. J Proteomics 2018; 179:100-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zavřel T, Očenášová P, Červený J. Phenotypic characterization of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 substrains reveals differences in sensitivity to abiotic stress. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189130. [PMID: 29216280 PMCID: PMC5720811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is a widely used model cyanobacterium, whose substrains can vary on both genotype and phenotype levels. Previously described phenotypic variations include ability of mixotrophic growth, ability of movement on agar plates and variations in pigments composition or cell size. In this study, we report for the first time significant variation among Synechocystis substrains in complex cellular traits such as growth rate, photosynthesis efficiency, cellular dry weight and cellular composition (including protein or carbohydrates content). We also confirmed previously reported differences in cell size. Synechocystis cultures were cultivated in controlled environment of flat panel photobioreactors under red, blue and white light of intensities up to 790 μmol(photons) m-2 s-1, temperatures 23°C–60°C, input CO2 concentrations ranging from 400 to 15 000 ppm and in BG11 cultivation medium with and without addition of NaCl. Three Synechocystis substrains were used for the comparative experiments: GT-L, GT-B (Brno, CZ) and PCC-B (Brno, CZ). Growth rates of Synechocystis GT-B were inhibited under high intensities of red light (585–670 nm), and growth rates of both substrains GT-B and PCC-B were inhibited under photons of wavelengths 485–585 nm and 670–700 nm. Synechocystis GT-B was more sensitive to low temperatures than the other two tested substrains, and Synechocystis GT-L was sensitive to the presence of NaCl in the cultivation media. The results suggest that stress sensitivity of commonly used Synechocystis substrains can strongly vary, similarly as glucose tolerance or motility as reported previously. Our study further supports the previous statement that emphasizes importance of proper Synechocystis substrains selection and awareness of phenotypical differences among Synechocystis substrains which is crucial for comparative and reproducible research. This is highly relevant for studies related to stress physiology and development of sustainable biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Zavřel
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Petra Očenášová
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Červený
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
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Karlický V, Kurasová I, Ptáčková B, Večeřová K, Urban O, Špunda V. Enhanced thermal stability of the thylakoid membranes from spruce. A comparison with selected angiosperms. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 130:357-371. [PMID: 27154572 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we have found that thermal stability of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry in spruce needles is higher than in other plants (barley, beech) cultivated under the same temperatures. In this work, temperature dependences of various characteristics of PSII organization were studied in order to obtain complex information on the thermal stability of PSII function and organization in spruce. Temperature dependency of circular dichroism spectra revealed by about 6 °C higher thermal stability of macrodomain organization in spruce thylakoid membranes in comparison with Arabidopsis and barley ones; however, thermal disintegration of light-harvesting complex of PSII did not significantly differ among the species studied. These results thus indicate that thermal stability of PSII macro-organization in spruce thylakoid membranes is enhanced to a similar extent as thermal stability of PSII photochemistry. Clear-native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of preheated thylakoids demonstrated that among the separated pigment-protein complexes, only PSII supercomplexes (SCs) revealed considerably higher thermal stability in spruce thylakoids as compared to Arabidopsis and barley ones. Hence we suggest that higher thermal stability of PSII macro-organization of spruce is influenced by the maintenance of PSII SCs in the thylakoid membrane. In addition, we discuss possible effects of different PSII organizations and lipid compositions on the thermal stability of spruce thylakoid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Karlický
- Faculty of Science, Ostrava University, 30. dubna 22, 701 03, Ostrava 1, Czech Republic.
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Irena Kurasová
- Faculty of Science, Ostrava University, 30. dubna 22, 701 03, Ostrava 1, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Božena Ptáčková
- Faculty of Science, Ostrava University, 30. dubna 22, 701 03, Ostrava 1, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Večeřová
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Špunda
- Faculty of Science, Ostrava University, 30. dubna 22, 701 03, Ostrava 1, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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Zavřel T, Sinetova MA, Búzová D, Literáková P, Červený J. Characterization of a model cyanobacteriumSynechocystissp. PCC 6803 autotrophic growth in a flat-panel photobioreactor. Eng Life Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201300165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Zavřel
- Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Biology; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Maria A. Sinetova
- Laboratory of Intracellular Regulation, Institute of Plant Physiology; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Diana Búzová
- Department of Adaptation Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Centre; Academy of Science of the Czech Republic; Drásov Czech Republic
| | - Petra Literáková
- Department of Adaptation Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Centre; Academy of Science of the Czech Republic; Drásov Czech Republic
| | - Jan Červený
- Department of Adaptation Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Centre; Academy of Science of the Czech Republic; Drásov Czech Republic
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Hintzpeter J, Martin H, Maser E. Reduction of lipid peroxidation products and advanced glycation end‐product precursors by cyanobacterial aldo‐keto reductase AKR3G1—a founding member of the AKR3G subfamily. FASEB J 2014; 29:263-73. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-258327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hintzpeter
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural ScientistsUniversity Medical School Schleswig‐HolsteinCampus KielKielGermany
| | - Hans‐Joerg Martin
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural ScientistsUniversity Medical School Schleswig‐HolsteinCampus KielKielGermany
| | - Edmund Maser
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural ScientistsUniversity Medical School Schleswig‐HolsteinCampus KielKielGermany
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Rajaram H, Chaurasia AK, Apte SK. Cyanobacterial heat-shock response: role and regulation of molecular chaperones. Microbiology (Reading) 2014; 160:647-658. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.073478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria constitute a morphologically diverse group of oxygenic photoautotrophic microbes which range from unicellular to multicellular, and non-nitrogen-fixing to nitrogen-fixing types. Sustained long-term exposure to changing environmental conditions, during their three billion years of evolution, has presumably led to their adaptation to diverse ecological niches. The ability to maintain protein conformational homeostasis (folding–misfolding–refolding or aggregation–degradation) by molecular chaperones holds the key to the stress adaptability of cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria possess several genes encoding DnaK and DnaJ family proteins, these are not the most abundant heat-shock proteins (Hsps), as is the case in other bacteria. Instead, the Hsp60 family of proteins, comprising two phylogenetically conserved proteins, and small Hsps are more abundant during heat stress. The contribution of the Hsp100 (ClpB) family of proteins and of small Hsps in the unicellular cyanobacteria (Synechocystis and Synechococcus) as well as that of Hsp60 proteins in the filamentous cyanobacteria (Anabaena) to thermotolerance has been elucidated. The regulation of chaperone genes by several cis-elements and trans-acting factors has also been well documented. Recent studies have demonstrated novel transcriptional and translational (mRNA secondary structure) regulatory mechanisms in unicellular cyanobacteria. This article provides an insight into the heat-shock response: its organization, and ecophysiological regulation and role of molecular chaperones, in unicellular and filamentous nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema Rajaram
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085 India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Chaurasia
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine, SKKU, Suwon, 440-746 Republic of Korea
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085 India
| | - Shree Kumar Apte
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085 India
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Smith-Bädorf HD, Chuck CJ, Mokebo KR, MacDonald H, Davidson MG, Scott RJ. Bioprospecting the thermal waters of the Roman baths: isolation of oleaginous species and analysis of the FAME profile for biodiesel production. AMB Express 2013; 3:9. [PMID: 23369619 PMCID: PMC3571919 DOI: 10.1186/2191-0855-3-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The extensive diversity of microalgae provides an opportunity to undertake bioprospecting for species possessing features suited to commercial scale cultivation. The outdoor cultivation of microalgae is subject to extreme temperature fluctuations; temperature tolerant microalgae would help mitigate this problem. The waters of the Roman Baths, which have a temperature range between 39°C and 46°C, were sampled for microalgae. A total of 3 green algae, 1 diatom and 4 cyanobacterial species were successfully isolated into ‘unialgal’ culture. Four isolates were filamentous, which could prove advantageous for low energy dewatering of cultures using filtration. Lipid content, profiles and growth rates of the isolates were examined at temperatures of 20, 30, 40°C, with and without nitrogen starvation and compared against the oil producing green algal species, Chlorella emersonii. Some isolates synthesized high levels of lipids, however, all were most productive at temperatures lower than those of the Roman Baths. The eukaryotic algae accumulated a range of saturated and polyunsaturated FAMEs and all isolates generally showed higher lipid accumulation under nitrogen deficient conditions (Klebsormidium sp. increasing from 1.9% to 16.0% and Hantzschia sp. from 31.9 to 40.5%). The cyanobacteria typically accumulated a narrower range of FAMEs that were mostly saturated, but were capable of accumulating a larger quantity of lipid as a proportion of dry weight (M. laminosus, 37.8% fully saturated FAMEs). The maximum productivity of all the isolates was not determined in the current work and will require further effort to optimise key variables such as light intensity and media composition.
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12
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Takahashi S, Yoshioka-Nishimura M, Nanba D, Badger MR. Thermal acclimation of the symbiotic alga Symbiodinium spp. alleviates photobleaching under heat stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 161:477-485. [PMID: 23170037 PMCID: PMC3532276 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.207480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A moderate increase in seawater temperature causes coral bleaching, at least partially through photobleaching of the symbiotic algae Symbiodinium spp. Photobleaching of Symbiodinium spp. is primarily associated with the loss of light-harvesting proteins of photosystem II (PSII) and follows the inactivation of PSII under heat stress. Here, we examined the effect of increased growth temperature on the change in sensitivity of Symbiodinium spp. PSII inactivation and photobleaching under heat stress. When Symbiodinium spp. cells were grown at 25°C and 30°C, the thermal tolerance of PSII, measured by the thermal stability of the maximum quantum yield of PSII in darkness, was commonly enhanced in all six Symbiodinium spp. tested. In Symbiodinium sp. CCMP827, it took 6 h to acquire the maximum PSII thermal tolerance after transfer from 25°C to 30°C. The effect of increased growth temperature on the thermal tolerance of PSII was completely abolished by chloramphenicol, indicating that the acclimation mechanism of PSII is associated with the de novo synthesis of proteins. When CCMP827 cells were exposed to light at temperature ranging from 25°C to 35°C, the sensitivity of cells to both high temperature-induced photoinhibition and photobleaching was ameliorated by increased growth temperatures. These results demonstrate that thermal acclimation of Symbiodinium spp. helps to improve the thermal tolerance of PSII, resulting in reduced inactivation of PSII and algal photobleaching. These results suggest that whole-organism coral bleaching associated with algal photobleaching can be at least partially suppressed by the thermal acclimation of Symbiodinium spp. at higher growth temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Takahashi
- Australian Research Council Center of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601 Australia.
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The role of lipids in photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2012; 1817:194-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Dinamarca J, Shlyk-Kerner O, Kaftan D, Goldberg E, Dulebo A, Gidekel M, Gutierrez A, Scherz A. Double mutation in photosystem II reaction centers and elevated CO2 grant thermotolerance to mesophilic cyanobacterium. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28389. [PMID: 22216094 PMCID: PMC3245225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic biomass production rapidly declines in mesophilic cyanobacteria grown above their physiological temperatures largely due to the imbalance between degradation and repair of the D1 protein subunit of the heat susceptible Photosystem II reaction centers (PSIIRC). Here we show that simultaneous replacement of two conserved residues in the D1 protein of the mesophilic Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, by the analogue residues present in the thermophilic Thermosynechococcus elongatus, enables photosynthetic growth, extensive biomass production and markedly enhanced stability and repair rate of PSIIRC for seven days even at 43 °C but only at elevated CO(2) (1%). Under the same conditions, the Synechocystis control strain initially presented very slow growth followed by a decline after 3 days. Change in the thylakoid membrane lipids, namely the saturation of the fatty acids is observed upon incubation for the different strains, but only the double mutant shows a concomitant major change of the enthalpy and entropy for the light activated Q(A)(-)→Q(B) electron transfer, rendering them similar to those of the thermophilic strain. Following these findings, computational chemistry and protein dynamics simulations we propose that the D1 double mutation increases the folding stability of the PSIIRC at elevated temperatures. This, together with the decreased impairment of D1 protein repair under increased CO(2) concentrations result in the observed photothermal tolerance of the photosynthetic machinery in the double mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Dinamarca
- Department of Plant Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Oksana Shlyk-Kerner
- Department of Plant Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David Kaftan
- Institute of Physical Biology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Nové Hrady, Czech Republic
- * E-mail: (AS); (DK)
| | - Eran Goldberg
- Department of Plant Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alexander Dulebo
- Institute of Physical Biology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Nové Hrady, Czech Republic
| | - Manuel Gidekel
- Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- VentureLab - Knowledge Center for Business, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana Gutierrez
- VentureLab - Knowledge Center for Business, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Avigdor Scherz
- Department of Plant Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail: (AS); (DK)
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