1
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Marsh NM, MacEwen MJS, Chea J, Kenerson HL, Kwong AA, Locke TM, Miralles FJ, Sapre T, Gozali N, Atilla-Gokcumen GE, Ong SE, Scott JD, Yeung RS, Sancak Y. Mitochondrial Calcium Signaling Regulates Branched-Chain Amino Acid Catabolism in Fibrolamellar Carcinoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.27.596106. [PMID: 38853984 PMCID: PMC11160645 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.27.596106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic adaptations in response to changes in energy supply and demand are essential for survival. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter coordinates metabolic homeostasis by regulating TCA cycle activation, mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and cellular calcium signaling. However, a comprehensive analysis of uniporter-regulated mitochondrial metabolic pathways has remained unexplored. Here, we investigate the metabolic consequences of uniporter loss- and gain-of-function, and identify a key transcriptional regulator that mediates these effects. Using gene expression profiling and proteomic, we find that loss of uniporter function increases the expression of proteins in the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism pathway. Activity is further augmented through phosphorylation of the enzyme that catalyzes this pathway's committed step. Conversely, in the liver cancer fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC)-which we demonstrate to have high mitochondrial calcium levels- expression of BCAA catabolism enzymes is suppressed. We also observe uniporter-dependent suppression of the transcription factor KLF15, a master regulator of liver metabolic gene expression, including those involved in BCAA catabolism. Notably, loss of uniporter activity upregulates KLF15, along with its transcriptional target ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), a component of the urea cycle, suggesting that uniporter hyperactivation may contribute to the hyperammonemia observed in FLC patients. Collectively, we establish that FLC has increased mitochondrial calcium levels, and identify an important role for mitochondrial calcium signaling in metabolic adaptation through the transcriptional regulation of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Marsh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Melissa J S MacEwen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jane Chea
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Heidi L Kenerson
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Albert A Kwong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Timothy M Locke
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Tanmay Sapre
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Natasha Gozali
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - G Ekin Atilla-Gokcumen
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Shao-En Ong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - John D Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Raymond S Yeung
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Yasemin Sancak
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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2
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Alsugair Z, Perrot J, Descotes F, Lopez J, Champagnac A, Pissaloux D, Castain C, Onea M, Céruse P, Philouze P, Lépine C, Lanic MD, Laé M, Costes-Martineau V, Benzerdjeb N. Characterization of a Molecularly Distinct Subset of Oncocytic Pleomorphic Adenomas/Myoepitheliomas Harboring Recurrent ZBTB47-AS1::PLAG1 Gene Fusion. Am J Surg Pathol 2024; 48:551-561. [PMID: 38497430 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000002206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Recurrent gene fusions are common in salivary gland tumors including benign tumors, such as pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and myoepithelioma (ME). In cases where chromosomal rearrangement is identified in the pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) gene, different gene partners are found. Oncocytic metaplasia, characterized by oncocytes with abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and hyperchromatic nuclei, is a well-known phenomenon in salivary gland neoplasms. However, the pure oncocytic variant of PA/ME showed PLAG1 gene rearrangements involving various gene partners at the molecular level, without any recurrent fusion being found. Our study includes 20 cases of PA/ME, with 11 females and 9 males. The age of patients ranged from 37 to 96 years, with a median age of 62.8 years. Most tumors originate from the parotid gland. The median size of the tumor was 26.5 mm (range: 13 to 60 mm). Among the 20 cases, 14 were a pure oncocytic variant of PA/ME, whereas 6 cases showed focal oncocytic or oncocytic-like aspects. Molecular studies on 20 cases of PA/ME were conducted. A novel recurrent ZBTB47-AS1::PLAG1 fusion was identified in 6 of 12 cases with pure oncocytic metaplasia, whereas the other cases had PLAG1 gene fusion with different gene partners. The transcriptomic analysis of the cases harboring ZBTB47-AS1::PLAG1 fusion demonstrated that these tumors have a distinct molecular profile from conventional PA/ME. This study reveals a unique subset in the oncocytic PA/ME spectrum characterized by pure oncocytic morphology with larger oncocytic cells and recurrent ZBTB47-AS1::PLAG1 fusion. It also highlights the transcriptomic distinctness of salivary gland adenomas with pure oncocytic metaplasia in the spectrum of salivary gland neoplasms. Further studies are needed to better understand the oncocytic variant of PA/ME and to determine the true nature of oncocytic cells in PA/ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyad Alsugair
- Department of Pathology, Institut of Pathologie Multisite, Groupement Hospitalier Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon
| | - Jimmy Perrot
- Department of Pathology, Institut of Pathologie Multisite, Groupement Hospitalier Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon
| | - Françoise Descotes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Groupement Hospitalier Sud, Lyon, Pierre-Bénite
| | - Jonathan Lopez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Groupement Hospitalier Sud, Lyon, Pierre-Bénite
| | | | - Daniel Pissaloux
- Department of Biopathology, Centre Léon Bérard
- The Unit of Molecular Pathology, INSERM, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, and Team Genetics, Epigenetics and Biology of Sarcomas, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
| | - Claire Castain
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, La Croix Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon
| | - Mihaela Onea
- EMR3738, CICLY, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon
| | - Philippe Céruse
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux
| | - Pierre Philouze
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux
| | - Charles Lépine
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg
- Department of Pathology, CHU Nantes
| | - Marie-Delphine Lanic
- Nantes University, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, Nantes
- INSERM U1245, Cancer Center Henri Becquerel, Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Normandy, UNIROUEN
| | - Marick Laé
- Nantes University, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, Nantes
- INSERM U1245, Cancer Center Henri Becquerel, Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Normandy, UNIROUEN
| | | | - Nazim Benzerdjeb
- Department of Pathology, Institut of Pathologie Multisite, Groupement Hospitalier Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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3
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Parmar R, Kalaria AN, Patel KA. Oncocytic Lesions of Salivary Glands: Morphological, Immunohistochemical, and Molecular Findings. Cureus 2024; 16:e59328. [PMID: 38817461 PMCID: PMC11137436 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification introduces new diagnostic methods based on genetic alterations, providing insight into the molecular basis of lesions. As a result, the classification system has evolved, new entities have been introduced, and existing entities have been reclassified. Oncocytic lesions of salivary glands are a group of neoplastic conditions characterized by the presence of oncocytic cells. These lesions present a diagnostic challenge due to their overlapping histological features. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation, including morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular analysis, is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management. Accurate classification of salivary gland pathologies is essential for selecting the appropriate treatment methods and predicting outcomes. The introduction of new therapeutic approaches, such as targeted therapies for malignant salivary gland tumors, has improved patient outcomes. However, to effectively implement these therapies in clinical practice, a clear classification of lesions is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riddhi Parmar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Rajkot, IND
| | - Amankumar N Kalaria
- Department of Pathology, Swaminarayan Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Kalol, IND
| | - Keval A Patel
- Department of Pathology, Gujarat Medical Education & Research Society (GMERS) Medical College, Vadnagar, IND
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Roy S, Das A, Bairagi A, Das D, Jha A, Srivastava AK, Chatterjee N. Mitochondria act as a key regulatory factor in cancer progression: Current concepts on mutations, mitochondrial dynamics, and therapeutic approach. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2024; 793:108490. [PMID: 38460864 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2024.108490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The diversified impacts of mitochondrial function vs. dysfunction have been observed in almost all disease conditions including cancers. Mitochondria play crucial roles in cellular homeostasis and integrity, however, mitochondrial dysfunctions influenced by alterations in the mtDNA can disrupt cellular balance. Many external stimuli or cellular defects that cause cellular integrity abnormalities, also impact mitochondrial functions. Imbalances in mitochondrial activity can initiate and lead to accumulations of genetic mutations and can promote the processes of tumorigenesis, progression, and survival. This comprehensive review summarizes epigenetic and genetic alterations that affect the functionality of the mitochondria, with considerations of cellular metabolism, and as influenced by ethnicity. We have also reviewed recent insights regarding mitochondrial dynamics, miRNAs, exosomes that play pivotal roles in cancer promotion, and the impact of mitochondrial dynamics on immune cell mechanisms. The review also summarizes recent therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondria in anti-cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sraddhya Roy
- Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Ananya Das
- Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Aparajita Bairagi
- Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Debangshi Das
- Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Ashna Jha
- Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Amit Kumar Srivastava
- CSIR-IICB Translational Research Unit Of Excellence, CN-6, Salt Lake, Sector - V, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Nabanita Chatterjee
- Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India.
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5
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Agnoletto C, Volinia S. Mitochondria dysfunction in circulating tumor cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:947479. [PMID: 35992829 PMCID: PMC9386562 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.947479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represent a subset of heterogeneous cells, which, once released from a tumor site, have the potential to give rise to metastasis in secondary sites. Recent research focused on the attempt to detect and characterize these rare cells in the circulation, and advancements in defining their molecular profile have been reported in diverse tumor species, with potential implications for clinical applications. Of note, metabolic alterations, involving mitochondria, have been implicated in the metastatic process, as key determinants in the transition of tumor cells to a mesenchymal or stemness-like phenotype, in drug resistance, and in induction of apoptosis. This review aimed to briefly analyse the most recent knowledge relative to mitochondria dysfunction in CTCs, and to envision implications of altered mitochondria in CTCs for a potential utility in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Agnoletto
- Rete Oncologica Veneta (ROV), Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Volinia
- Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate (LTTA), Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre (CNBCh UW), University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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6
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Trevisani F, Floris M, Minnei R, Cinque A. Renal Oncocytoma: The Diagnostic Challenge to Unmask the Double of Renal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052603. [PMID: 35269747 PMCID: PMC8910282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal oncocytoma represents the most common type of benign neoplasm that is an increasing concern for urologists, oncologists, and nephrologists due to its difficult differential diagnosis and frequent overtreatment. It displays a variable neoplastic parenchymal and stromal architecture, and the defining cellular element is a large polygonal, granular, eosinophilic, mitochondria-rich cell known as an oncocyte. The real challenge in the oncocytoma treatment algorithm is related to the misdiagnosis due to its resemblance, at an initial radiological assessment, to malignant renal cancers with a completely different prognosis and medical treatment. Unfortunately, percutaneous renal biopsy is not frequently performed due to the possible side effects related to the procedure. Therefore, the majority of oncocytoma are diagnosed after the surgical operation via partial or radical nephrectomy. For this reason, new reliable strategies to solve this issue are needed. In our review, we will discuss the clinical implications of renal oncocytoma in daily clinical practice with a particular focus on the medical diagnosis and treatment and on the potential of novel promising molecular biomarkers such as circulating microRNAs to distinguish between a benign and a malignant lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Trevisani
- Urological Research Institute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- Unit of Urology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Biorek S.r.l., San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Floris
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, G. Brotzu Hospital, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09134 Cagliari, Italy; (M.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Roberto Minnei
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, G. Brotzu Hospital, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09134 Cagliari, Italy; (M.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Alessandra Cinque
- Biorek S.r.l., San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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7
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Alshammari A, Aljufairi E, Alsayed A. OUP accepted manuscript. J Surg Case Rep 2022; 2022:rjac039. [PMID: 35198144 PMCID: PMC8860490 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Alshammari
- Correspondence address. Department of Pathology, King Hamad University Hospital, Building 2435, Road 2835, Block 228, P.O Box 24343, Busaiteen, Kingdom of Bahrain. Tel: +966-50-203-7077; E-mail:
| | - Eman Aljufairi
- Department of Pathology, King Hamad University Hospital, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Anwaar Alsayed
- Department of Pathology, King Hamad University Hospital, Kingdom of Bahrain
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8
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De Luise M, Iommarini L, Marchio L, Tedesco G, Coadă CA, Repaci A, Turchetti D, Tardio ML, Salfi N, Pagotto U, Kurelac I, Porcelli AM, Gasparre G. Pathogenic Mitochondrial DNA Mutation Load Inversely Correlates with Malignant Features in Familial Oncocytic Parathyroid Tumors Associated with Hyperparathyroidism-Jaw Tumor Syndrome. Cells 2021; 10:2920. [PMID: 34831144 PMCID: PMC8616364 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While somatic disruptive mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations that severely affect the respiratory chain are counter-selected in most human neoplasms, they are the genetic hallmark of indolent oncocytomas, where they appear to contribute to reduce tumorigenic potential. A correlation between mtDNA mutation type and load, and the clinical outcome of a tumor, corroborated by functional studies, is currently lacking. Recurrent familial oncocytomas are extremely rare entities, and they offer the chance to investigate the determinants of oncocytic transformation and the role of both germline and somatic mtDNA mutations in cancer. We here report the first family with Hyperparathyroidism-Jaw Tumor (HPT-JT) syndrome showing the inherited predisposition of four individuals to develop parathyroid oncocytic tumors. MtDNA sequencing revealed a rare ribosomal RNA mutation in the germline of all HPT-JT affected individuals whose pathogenicity was functionally evaluated via cybridization technique, and which was counter-selected in the most aggressive infiltrating carcinoma, but positively selected in adenomas. In all tumors different somatic mutations accumulated on this genetic background, with an inverse clear-cut correlation between the load of pathogenic mtDNA mutations and the indolent behavior of neoplasms, highlighting the importance of the former both as modifiers of cancer fate and as prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica De Luise
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.D.L.); (L.M.); (G.T.); (C.A.C.); (D.T.); (U.P.); (I.K.)
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.I.); (A.M.P.)
| | - Luisa Iommarini
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.I.); (A.M.P.)
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorena Marchio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.D.L.); (L.M.); (G.T.); (C.A.C.); (D.T.); (U.P.); (I.K.)
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.I.); (A.M.P.)
| | - Greta Tedesco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.D.L.); (L.M.); (G.T.); (C.A.C.); (D.T.); (U.P.); (I.K.)
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.I.); (A.M.P.)
| | - Camelia Alexandra Coadă
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.D.L.); (L.M.); (G.T.); (C.A.C.); (D.T.); (U.P.); (I.K.)
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.I.); (A.M.P.)
| | - Andrea Repaci
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Daniela Turchetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.D.L.); (L.M.); (G.T.); (C.A.C.); (D.T.); (U.P.); (I.K.)
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCSS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Tardio
- Unit of Pathology, IRCCS S.Orsola University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Nunzio Salfi
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Children’s Research Hospital, 16147 Genova, Italy;
| | - Uberto Pagotto
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.D.L.); (L.M.); (G.T.); (C.A.C.); (D.T.); (U.P.); (I.K.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Ivana Kurelac
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.D.L.); (L.M.); (G.T.); (C.A.C.); (D.T.); (U.P.); (I.K.)
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.I.); (A.M.P.)
| | - Anna Maria Porcelli
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.I.); (A.M.P.)
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center of Industrial Research (CIRI) Life Science and Health Technologies, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gasparre
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.D.L.); (L.M.); (G.T.); (C.A.C.); (D.T.); (U.P.); (I.K.)
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.I.); (A.M.P.)
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9
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Zhu Y, Cresswell M, Charnock JM, Reece P. Familial bilateral nodular oncocytic hyperplasia of the parotid gland in mother and son. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/4/e240980. [PMID: 33875504 PMCID: PMC8057562 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-240980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This case series reports familial cases of nodular oncocytic hyperplasia (NOH) diagnosed in a mother and her son, 15 years apart. A 39-year-old man presented in 2003 with a lump below his left ear. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed showed multifocal parotid nodules and a diagnosis of NOH was histopathologically confirmed following left total parotidectomy. Two years later, he represented with similar symptoms on the right side. NOH was diagnosed following excision of his right parotid gland. In 2018, his 73-year-old mother presented with left ear pain and a lump below her left ear. An MRI scan showed multiple lesions within both parotid glands and bilateral NOH was once again diagnosed following a left superficial parotidectomy and right total parotidectomy. We believe that this is the first reported case of bilateral familial NOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Zhu
- ENT, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | | | | | - Philip Reece
- ENT, South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Torquay, UK
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10
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Filograna R, Mennuni M, Alsina D, Larsson NG. Mitochondrial DNA copy number in human disease: the more the better? FEBS Lett 2020; 595:976-1002. [PMID: 33314045 PMCID: PMC8247411 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Most of the genetic information has been lost or transferred to the nucleus during the evolution of mitochondria. Nevertheless, mitochondria have retained their own genome that is essential for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). In mammals, a gene‐dense circular mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of about 16.5 kb encodes 13 proteins, which constitute only 1% of the mitochondrial proteome. Mammalian mtDNA is present in thousands of copies per cell and mutations often affect only a fraction of them. Most pathogenic human mtDNA mutations are recessive and only cause OXPHOS defects if present above a certain critical threshold. However, emerging evidence strongly suggests that the proportion of mutated mtDNA copies is not the only determinant of disease but that also the absolute copy number matters. In this review, we critically discuss current knowledge of the role of mtDNA copy number regulation in various types of human diseases, including mitochondrial disorders, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer, and during ageing. We also provide an overview of new exciting therapeutic strategies to directly manipulate mtDNA to restore OXPHOS in mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Filograna
- Division of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mara Mennuni
- Division of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Alsina
- Division of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nils-Göran Larsson
- Division of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Möginger U, Marcussen N, Jensen ON. Histo-molecular differentiation of renal cancer subtypes by mass spectrometry imaging and rapid proteome profiling of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue sections. Oncotarget 2020; 11:3998-4015. [PMID: 33216824 PMCID: PMC7646834 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathology differentiation of renal cancer types is challenging due to tissue similarities or overlapping histological features of various tumor (sub) types. As assessment is often manually conducted outcomes can be prone to human error and therefore require high-level expertise and experience. Mass spectrometry can provide detailed histo-molecular information on tissue and is becoming increasingly popular in clinical settings. Spatially resolving technologies such as mass spectrometry imaging and quantitative microproteomics profiling in combination with machine learning approaches provide promising tools for automated tumor classification of clinical tissue sections. In this proof of concept study we used MALDI-MS imaging (MSI) and rapid LC-MS/MS-based microproteomics technologies (15 min/sample) to analyze formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue sections and classify renal oncocytoma (RO, n = 11), clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC, n = 12) and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC, n = 5). Both methods were able to distinguish ccRCC, RO and ChRCC in cross-validation experiments. MSI correctly classified 87% of the patients whereas the rapid LC-MS/MS-based microproteomics approach correctly classified 100% of the patients. This strategy involving MSI and rapid proteome profiling by LC-MS/MS reveals molecular features of tumor sections and enables cancer subtype classification. Mass spectrometry provides a promising complementary approach to current pathological technologies for precise digitized diagnosis of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Möginger
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Present address: Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, Bagsværd, Denmark
| | - Niels Marcussen
- Institute for Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ole N Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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12
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Luo Y, Ma J, Lu W. The Significance of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165598. [PMID: 32764295 PMCID: PMC7460667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As an essential organelle in nucleated eukaryotic cells, mitochondria play a central role in energy metabolism, maintenance of redox balance, and regulation of apoptosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction, either due to the TCA cycle enzyme defects, mitochondrial DNA genetic mutations, defective mitochondrial electron transport chain, oxidative stress, or aberrant oncogene and tumor suppressor signaling, has been observed in a wide spectrum of human cancers. In this review, we summarize mitochondrial dysfunction induced by these alterations that promote human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongde Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Jianjia Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
| | - Weiqin Lu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (W.L.)
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13
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Xiao Y, Clima R, Busch J, Rabien A, Kilic E, Villegas SL, Timmermann B, Attimonelli M, Jung K, Meierhofer D. Decreased Mitochondrial DNA Content Drives OXPHOS Dysregulation in Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3830-3840. [PMID: 32694149 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) and renal oncocytoma are closely related, rare kidney tumors. Mutations in complex I (CI)-encoding genes play an important role in dysfunction of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system in renal oncocytoma, but are less frequently observed in chRCC. As such, the relevance of OXPHOS status and role of CI mutations in chRCC remain unknown. To address this issue, we performed proteome and metabolome profiling as well as mitochondrial whole-exome sequencing to detect mitochondrial alterations in chRCC tissue specimens. Multiomic analysis revealed downregulation of electron transport chain (ETC) components in chRCC that differed from the expression profile in renal oncocytoma. A decrease in mitochondrial (mt)DNA content, rather than CI mutations, was the main cause for reduced OXPHOS in chRCC. There was a negative correlation between protein and transcript levels of nuclear DNA- but not mtDNA-encoded ETC complex subunits in chRCC. In addition, the reactive oxygen species scavenger glutathione (GSH) was upregulated in chRCC due to decreased expression of proteins involved in GSH degradation. These results demonstrate that distinct mechanisms of OXPHOS exist in chRCC and renal oncocytoma and that expression levels of ETC complex subunits can serve as a diagnostic marker for this rare malignancy. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings establish potential diagnostic markers to distinguish malignant chRCC from its highly similar but benign counterpart, renal oncocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rosanna Clima
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC, Medical Genetics Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jonas Busch
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Rabien
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ergin Kilic
- Institut für Pathologie am Klinikum Leverkusen, Leverkusen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonia L Villegas
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Marcella Attimonelli
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Klaus Jung
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Mussazhanova Z, Shimamura M, Kurashige T, Ito M, Nakashima M, Nagayama Y. Causative role for defective expression of mitochondria-eating protein in accumulation of mitochondria in thyroid oncocytic cell tumors. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:2814-2823. [PMID: 32458504 PMCID: PMC7419045 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncocytic cell tumor of the thyroid is composed of large polygonal cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm that is rich in mitochondria. These tumors frequently have the mutations in mitochondrial DNA encoding the mitochondrial electron transport system complex I. However, the mechanism for accumulation of abnormal mitochondria is unknown. A noncanonical mitophagy system has recently been identified, and mitochondria-eating protein (MIEAP) plays a key role in this system. We therefore hypothesized that accumulation of abnormal mitochondria could be attributed to defective MIEAP expression in these tumors. We first show that MIEAP was expressed in all the conventional thyroid follicular adenomas (FAs)/adenomatous goiters (AGs) but not in oncocytic FAs/AGs; its expression was defective not only in oncocytic thyroid cancers but also in the majority of conventional thyroid cancers. Expression of MIEAP was not correlated with methylation status of the 5'-UTR of the gene. Our functional analysis showed that exogenously induced MIEAP, but not PARK2, reduced the amounts of abnormal mitochondria, as indicated by decreased reactive oxygen species levels, mitochondrial DNA / nuclear DNA ratios, and cytoplasmic acidification. Therefore, together with previous studies showing that impaired mitochondrial function triggers compensatory mitochondrial biogenesis that causes an increase in the amounts of mitochondria, we conclude that, in oncocytic cell tumors of the thyroid, increased abnormal mitochondria cannot be efficiently eliminated because of a loss of MIEAP expression, ie impaired MIEAP-mediated noncanonical mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanna Mussazhanova
- Department of Tumor and Diagnostic Pathology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,High Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Care, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Mika Shimamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kurashige
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ito
- Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakashima
- Department of Tumor and Diagnostic Pathology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuji Nagayama
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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15
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Castellani CA, Longchamps RJ, Sun J, Guallar E, Arking DE. Thinking outside the nucleus: Mitochondrial DNA copy number in health and disease. Mitochondrion 2020; 53:214-223. [PMID: 32544465 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) is a biomarker of mitochondrial function and levels of mtDNA-CN have been reproducibly associated with overall mortality and a number of age-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and cancer. Recent advancements in techniques for estimating mtDNA-CN, in particular the use of DNA microarrays and next-generation sequencing data, have led to the comprehensive assessment of mtDNA-CN across these and other diseases and traits. The importance of mtDNA-CN measures to disease and these advancing technologies suggest the potential for mtDNA-CN to be a useful biomarker in the clinic. While the exact mechanism(s) underlying the association of mtDNA-CN with disease remain to be elucidated, we review the existing literature which supports roles for inflammatory dynamics, immune function and alterations to cell signaling as consequences of variation in mtDNA-CN. We propose that future studies should focus on characterizing longitudinal, cell-type and cross-tissue profiles of mtDNA-CN as well as improving methods for measuring mtDNA-CN which will expand the potential for its use as a clinical biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Castellani
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ryan J Longchamps
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; The Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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16
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Yuan Y, Ju YS, Kim Y, Li J, Wang Y, Yoon CJ, Yang Y, Martincorena I, Creighton CJ, Weinstein JN, Xu Y, Han L, Kim HL, Nakagawa H, Park K, Campbell PJ, Liang H. Comprehensive molecular characterization of mitochondrial genomes in human cancers. Nat Genet 2020; 52:342-352. [PMID: 32024997 PMCID: PMC7058535 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0557-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential cellular organelles that play critical roles in cancer. Here, as part of the International Cancer Genome Consortium/The Cancer Genome Atlas Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium, which aggregated whole-genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumor types, we performed a multidimensional, integrated characterization of mitochondrial genomes and related RNA sequencing data. Our analysis presents the most definitive mutational landscape of mitochondrial genomes and identifies several hypermutated cases. Truncating mutations are markedly enriched in kidney, colorectal and thyroid cancers, suggesting oncogenic effects with the activation of signaling pathways. We find frequent somatic nuclear transfers of mitochondrial DNA, some of which disrupt therapeutic target genes. Mitochondrial copy number varies greatly within and across cancers and correlates with clinical variables. Co-expression analysis highlights the function of mitochondrial genes in oxidative phosphorylation, DNA repair and the cell cycle, and shows their connections with clinically actionable genes. Our study lays a foundation for translating mitochondrial biology into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Young Seok Ju
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Youngwook Kim
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Quantitative and Computational Biosciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher J Yoon
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yang Yang
- Division of Biostatistics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Chad J Creighton
- Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Division of Biostatistics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John N Weinstein
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yanxun Xu
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hyung-Lae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hidewaki Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keunchil Park
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Peter J Campbell
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Han Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Quantitative and Computational Biosciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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17
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McLaughlin KL, Kew KA, McClung JM, Fisher-Wellman KH. Subcellular proteomics combined with bioenergetic phenotyping reveals protein biomarkers of respiratory insufficiency in the setting of proofreading-deficient mitochondrial polymerase. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3603. [PMID: 32107436 PMCID: PMC7046634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial mutator mouse is a well-established model of premature aging. In addition to accelerated aging, these mice develop hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at ~13 months of age, presumably due to overt mitochondrial dysfunction. Despite evidence of bioenergetic disruption within heart mitochondria, there is little information about the underlying changes to the mitochondrial proteome that either directly underly or predict respiratory insufficiency in mutator mice. Herein, nLC-MS/MS was used to interrogate the mitochondria-enriched proteome of heart and skeletal muscle of aged mutator mice. The mitochondrial proteome from heart tissue was then correlated with respiratory conductance data to identify protein biomarkers of respiratory insufficiency. The majority of downregulated proteins in mutator mitochondria were subunits of respiratory complexes I and IV, including both nuclear and mitochondrial-encoded proteins. Interestingly, the mitochondrial-encoded complex V subunits, were unchanged or upregulated in mutator mitochondria, suggesting a robustness to mtDNA mutation. Finally, the proteins most strongly correlated with respiratory conductance were PPM1K, NDUFB11, and C15orf61. These results suggest that mitochondrial mutator mice undergo a specific loss of mitochondrial complexes I and IV that limit their respiratory function independent of an upregulation of complex V. Additionally, the role of PPM1K in responding to mitochondrial stress warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L McLaughlin
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Kimberly A Kew
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Joseph M McClung
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA. .,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.
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18
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Zhang J, Li SQ, Lin JQ, Yu W, Eberlin LS. Mass Spectrometry Imaging Enables Discrimination of Renal Oncocytoma from Renal Cell Cancer Subtypes and Normal Kidney Tissues. Cancer Res 2020; 80:689-698. [PMID: 31843980 PMCID: PMC7024663 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Precise diagnosis and subtyping of kidney tumors are imperative to optimize and personalize treatment decision for patients. Patients with the most common benign renal tumor, renal oncocytomas, may be overtreated with surgical resection because of limited preoperative diagnostic methods that can accurately identify the benign condition with certainty. In this study, desorption electrospray ionization (DESI)-mass spectrometry (MS) imaging was applied to study the metabolic and lipid profiles of various types of renal tissues, including normal kidney, renal oncocytoma, and renal cell carcinomas (RCC). A total of 73,992 mass spectra from 71 patient samples were obtained and used to build predictive models using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso). Overall accuracies of 99.47% per pixel and 100% per patient for prediction of the three tissue types were achieved. In particular, renal oncocytoma and chromophobe RCC, which present the most significant morphologic overlap and are sometimes indistinguishable using histology alone, were also investigated and the predictive models built yielded 100% accuracy in discriminating these tumor types. Discrimination of three subtypes of RCC was also achieved on the basis of DESI-MS imaging data. Importantly, several small metabolites and lipids species were identified as characteristic of individual tissue types and chemically characterized using tandem MS and high mass accuracy measurements. Collectively, our study shows that the metabolic data acquired by DESI-MS imaging in conjunction with statistical modeling allows discrimination of renal tumors and thus has the potential to be used in the clinical setting to improve treatment of patients with kidney tumor. SIGNIFICANCE: Metabolic data acquired by mass spectrometry imaging in conjunction with statistical modeling allows discrimination of renal tumors and has the potential to be used in the clinic to improve treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Shirley Q Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - John Q Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Wendong Yu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
| | - Livia S Eberlin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.
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19
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Payen VL, Zampieri LX, Porporato PE, Sonveaux P. Pro- and antitumor effects of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 38:189-203. [PMID: 30820778 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-019-09789-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In cancer, mitochondrial functions are commonly altered. Directly involved in metabolic reprogramming, mitochondrial plasticity confers to cancer cells a high degree of adaptability to a wide range of stresses and to the harsh tumor microenvironment. Lack of nutrients or oxygen caused by altered perfusion, metabolic needs of proliferating cells, co-option of the microenvironment, control of the immune system, cell migration and metastasis, and evasion of exogenous stress (e.g., chemotherapy) are all, at least in part, influenced by mitochondria. Mitochondria are undoubtedly one of the key contributors to cancer development and progression. Understanding their protumoral (dys)functions may pave the way to therapeutic strategies capable of turning them into innocent entities. Here, we will focus on the production and detoxification of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), on their impact on tumorigenesis (genetic, prosurvival, and microenvironmental effects and their involvement in autophagy), and on tumor metastasis. We will also summarize the latest therapeutic approaches involving mtROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéry L Payen
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 57 box B1.57.04, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.,Pole of Pediatrics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luca X Zampieri
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 57 box B1.57.04, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paolo E Porporato
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 57 box B1.57.04, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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20
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Fame RM, Shannon ML, Chau KF, Head JP, Lehtinen MK. A concerted metabolic shift in early forebrain alters the CSF proteome and depends on MYC downregulation for mitochondrial maturation. Development 2019; 146:dev.182857. [PMID: 31575649 DOI: 10.1242/dev.182857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Massive, coordinated cellular changes accompany the transition of central nervous system (CNS) progenitors from forebrain neurectodermal cells to specified neuroepithelial cells. We have previously found that MYC regulates the changing ribosomal and proteostatic landscapes in mouse forebrain precursors at embryonic days E8.5 and E10.5 (before and after neural tube closure; NTC) (Chau et al., 2018). Here, we demonstrate parallel coordinated transcriptional changes in metabolic machinery during this same stage of forebrain specification. Progenitors showed striking mitochondrial structural changes transitioning from glycolytic cristae at E8.5, to more traditional mitochondria at E10.5. Accordingly, glucose use shifted in progenitors such that E8.5 progenitors relied on glycolysis, and after NTC increasingly used oxidative phosphorylation. This metabolic shift was matched by changes in surrounding amniotic and cerebrospinal fluid proteomes. Importantly, these mitochondrial morphological shifts depend on MYC downregulation. Together, our findings demonstrate that metabolic shifting accompanies dynamic organelle and proteostatic remodeling of progenitor cells during the earliest stages of forebrain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryann M Fame
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Morgan L Shannon
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kevin F Chau
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua P Head
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria K Lehtinen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA .,Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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21
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Jorge S, Pereira K, López-Fernández H, LaFramboise W, Dhir R, Fernández-Lodeiro J, Lodeiro C, Santos HM, Capelo-Martínez JL. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction and digestion of proteins from solid biopsies followed by peptide sequential extraction hyphenated to MALDI-based profiling holds the promise of distinguishing renal oncocytoma from chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Talanta 2019; 206:120180. [PMID: 31514886 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel analytical approach is proposed to discriminate between solid biopsies of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) and renal oncocytoma (RO). The method comprises the following steps: (i) ultrasonic extraction of proteins from solid biopsies, (ii) protein depletion with acetonitrile, (iii) ultrasonic assisted in-solution digestion using magnetic nanoparticle with immobilized trypsin, (iv) C18 tip-based preconcentration of peptides, (v) sequential extraction of the peptides with ACN, (vi) MALDI-snapshot of the extracts and (vii) investigation of the extract containing the most discriminating features using high resolution mass spectrometry. With this approach we have been able to differentially cluster renal oncocytoma and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and identified 18 proteins specific to chromophobe and seven unique to renal oncocytoma. Chromophobes express proteins associated with ATP function (ATP5I & 5E; VATE1 & G2; ADT2), glycolysis (PGK1) and neuromedin whilst oncocytomas express ATP5H, ATPA, DEPD7 and TRIPB thyroid receptor interacting protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Jorge
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; PROTEOMASS Scientific Society, Madan Park, Rua dos Inventores, 2825-152, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Kevin Pereira
- PROTEOMASS Scientific Society, Madan Park, Rua dos Inventores, 2825-152, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Hugo López-Fernández
- ESEI -Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Edificio Politécnico, Campus Universitario As Lagoas s/n, Universidad de Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain; CINBIO -Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, University of Vigo, Campus Universitario Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain; SING Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, 36312, Vigo, Spain; Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Rúa Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - William LaFramboise
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Rajiv Dhir
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Javier Fernández-Lodeiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; PROTEOMASS Scientific Society, Madan Park, Rua dos Inventores, 2825-152, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carlos Lodeiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; PROTEOMASS Scientific Society, Madan Park, Rua dos Inventores, 2825-152, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Hugo M Santos
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; PROTEOMASS Scientific Society, Madan Park, Rua dos Inventores, 2825-152, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jose L Capelo-Martínez
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; PROTEOMASS Scientific Society, Madan Park, Rua dos Inventores, 2825-152, Caparica, Portugal.
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22
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Abstract
Perturbed mitochondrial bioenergetics constitute a core pillar of cancer-associated metabolic dysfunction. While mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer may result from myriad biochemical causes, a historically neglected source is that of the mitochondrial genome. Recent large-scale sequencing efforts and clinical studies have highlighted the prevalence of mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in human tumours and their potential roles in cancer progression. In this review we discuss the biology of the mitochondrial genome, sources of mtDNA mutations, and experimental evidence of a role for mtDNA mutations in cancer. We also propose a ‘metabolic licensing’ model for mtDNA mutation-derived dysfunction in cancer initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam A Gammage
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK.
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23
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Synergistic Effect of Mitochondrial and Lysosomal Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050452. [PMID: 31091796 PMCID: PMC6563092 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk between lysosomes and mitochondria plays a central role in Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Lysosomal function may be influenced by mitochondrial quality control, dynamics and/or respiration, but whether dysfunction of endocytic or autophagic pathway is associated with mitochondrial impairment determining accumulation of defective mitochondria, is not yet understood. Here, we performed live imaging, western blotting analysis, sequencing of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity assay on primary fibroblasts from a young patient affected by PD, her mother and a healthy control to analyze the occurrence of mtDNA mutations, lysosomal abundance, acidification and function, mitochondrial biogenesis activation and senescence. We showed synergistic alterations in lysosomal functions and mitochondrial biogenesis, likely associated with a mitochondrial genetic defect, with a consequent block of mitochondrial turnover and occurrence of premature cellular senescence in PARK2-PD fibroblasts, suggesting that these alterations represent potential mechanisms contributing to the loss of dopaminergic neurons.
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24
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Oncocytic tumors are marked by enhanced mitochondrial content and mtDNA mutations of complex I in Chinese patients. Mitochondrion 2019; 45:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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A Nonsense Mitochondrial DNA Mutation Associates with Dysfunction of HIF1 α in a Von Hippel-Lindau Renal Oncocytoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8069583. [PMID: 30728892 PMCID: PMC6343171 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8069583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome has been rarely associated with renal oncocytomas, and tumors usually show HIF1α chronic stabilization. By contrast, oncocytomas mainly associated with respiratory chain (RC) defects due to severe mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are incapable of stabilizing HIF1α, since oxygen consumption by the RC is dramatically diminished and prolylhydroxylase activity is increased by α-ketoglutarate accumulation following Krebs cycle slowdown. Here, we investigate the cooccurrence of a pseudohypoxic condition with oncocytic transformation in a case of VHL-associated renal oncocytoma. While HIF1α was abundant in nuclei concordantly with defects in VHL, negative staining of its targets carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) and glucose transporter GLUT1, usually overexpressed in VHL-associated neoplasms, suggested HIF1α to be present in its inactive (hydroxylated) form. MtDNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry analyses revealed a MT-CO1 stop-gain mutation and cytochrome c oxidase loss. We suggest that a mitochondrial respiration impairment may lead to hyperhydroxylation of the transcription factor, which we confirmed by specific staining of hydroxylated HIF1α. Such inactive form hence accumulated in the VHL-deficient tumor, where it may contribute to the benign nature of the neoplasm. We propose that the protumorigenic role of HIF1α in VHL cancers may be blunted through drugs inhibiting mitochondrial respiratory complexes, such as metformin.
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26
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Early loss of mitochondrial complex I and rewiring of glutathione metabolism in renal oncocytoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E6283-E6290. [PMID: 29915083 PMCID: PMC6142220 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1711888115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal oncocytomas are benign kidney tumors with numerous mitochondria. Here, we analyze the mitochondrial (mtDNA) and nuclear genomes of these tumors. Our analysis finds mtDNA mutations in complex I (the first step in mitochondrial respiration) to be early genetic events that likely contribute to tumor formation. Since mtDNA mutations can lead to severe degenerative disorders, the cellular responses allowing renal oncocytoma cells to grow are important to consider. To properly understand authentic gene expression changes in tumors, we found it important to consider the gene expression pattern of the tumor’s cell of origin, the distal nephron. By doing so, we uncover alterations in glutathione synthesis and turnover that likely represent an adaptive metabolic response in renal oncocytoma. Renal oncocytomas are benign tumors characterized by a marked accumulation of mitochondria. We report a combined exome, transcriptome, and metabolome analysis of these tumors. Joint analysis of the nuclear and mitochondrial (mtDNA) genomes reveals loss-of-function mtDNA mutations occurring at high variant allele fractions, consistent with positive selection, in genes encoding complex I as the most frequent genetic events. A subset of these tumors also exhibits chromosome 1 loss and/or cyclin D1 overexpression, suggesting they follow complex I loss. Transcriptome data revealed that many pathways previously reported to be altered in renal oncocytoma were simply differentially expressed in the tumor’s cell of origin, the distal nephron, compared with other nephron segments. Using a heuristic approach to account for cell-of-origin bias we uncovered strong expression alterations in the gamma-glutamyl cycle, including glutathione synthesis (increased GCLC) and glutathione degradation. Moreover, the most striking changes in metabolite profiling were elevations in oxidized and reduced glutathione as well as γ-glutamyl-cysteine and cysteinyl-glycine, dipeptide intermediates in glutathione biosynthesis, and recycling, respectively. Biosynthesis of glutathione appears adaptive as blockade of GCLC impairs viability in cells cultured with a complex I inhibitor. Our data suggest that loss-of-function mutations in complex I are a candidate driver event in renal oncocytoma that is followed by frequent loss of chromosome 1, cyclin D1 overexpression, and adaptive up-regulation of glutathione biosynthesis.
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27
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Feng J, Zhang Q, Li C, Zhou Y, Zhao S, Hong L, Song Q, Yu S, Hu C, Wang H, Mao C, Shepard MJ, Hao S, Dominah G, Sun M, Wan H, Park DM, Gilbert MR, Xu G, Zhuang Z, Zhang Y. Enhancement of mitochondrial biogenesis and paradoxical inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase mediated by 14-3-3η in oncocytomas. J Pathol 2018; 245:361-372. [PMID: 29704241 DOI: 10.1002/path.5090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oncocytomas represent a subset of benign pituitary adenomas that are characterized by significant mitochondrial hyperplasia. Mitochondria are key organelles for energy generation and metabolic intermediate production for biosynthesis in tumour cells, so understanding the mechanism underlying mitochondrial biogenesis and its impact on cellular metabolism in oncocytoma is vital. Here, we studied surgically resected pituitary oncocytomas by using multi-omic analyses. Whole-exome sequencing did not reveal any nuclear mutations, but identified several somatic mutations of mitochondrial DNA, and dysfunctional respiratory complex I. Metabolomic analysis suggested that oxidative phosphorylation was reduced within individual mitochondria, and that there was no reciprocal increase in glycolytic activity. Interestingly, we found a reduction in the cellular lactate level and reduced expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), which contributed to mitochondrial biogenesis in an in vitro cell model. It is of note that the hypoxia-response signalling pathway was not upregulated in pituitary oncocytomas, thereby failing to enhance glycolysis. Proteomic analysis showed that 14-3-3η was exclusively overexpressed in oncocytomas, and that 14-3-3η was capable of inhibiting glycolysis, leading to mitochondrial biogenesis in the presence of rotenone. In particular, 14-3-3η inhibited LDHA by direct interaction in the setting of complex I dysfunction, highlighting the role of 14-3-3η overexpression and inefficient oxidative phosphorylation in oncocytoma mitochondrial biogenesis. These findings deepen our understanding of the metabolic changes that occur within oncocytomas, and shine a light on the mechanism of mitochondrial biogenesis, providing a novel perspective on metabolic adaptation in tumour cells. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Feng
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.,Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Chuzhong Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.,Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yang Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Sida Zhao
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lichuan Hong
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qi Song
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shenyuan Yu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chunxiu Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Herui Wang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chengyuan Mao
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew J Shepard
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Shuyu Hao
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Gifty Dominah
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mitchell Sun
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hong Wan
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.,Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Deric M Park
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhengping Zhuang
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.,Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Brain Tumor Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.,China National Clinical Research Centre for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, PR China
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28
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Genomic and transcriptomic characterization of the mitochondrial-rich oncocytic phenotype on a thyroid carcinoma background. Mitochondrion 2018; 46:123-133. [PMID: 29631022 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We conducted the first systematic omics study of the oncocytic phenotype in 488 papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Oncocytic phenotype is secondary to PTC, being unrelated to several pathologic scores. The nuclear genome had low impact on this phenotype (except in specific copy number variation), which was mostly driven by the significant accumulation of mitochondrial DNA non-synonymous and frameshift mutations at high heteroplasmy levels. Energy and mitochondrial-related pathways were significantly enriched in oncocytic tumors that also displayed increased levels of expression for genes involved in autophagy and fusion of mitochondria. Our in vitro tests confirmed that autophagy is increased and functional while mitophagy is decreased in these tumors.
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29
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PGC1α: Friend or Foe in Cancer? Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9010048. [PMID: 29361779 PMCID: PMC5793199 DOI: 10.3390/genes9010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The PGC1 family (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) coactivators) of transcriptional coactivators are considered master regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. The PGC1α isoform is expressed especially in metabolically active tissues, such as the liver, kidneys and brain, and responds to energy-demanding situations. Given the altered and highly adaptable metabolism of tumor cells, it is of interest to investigate PGC1α in cancer. Both high and low levels of PGC1α expression have been reported to be associated with cancer and worse prognosis, and PGC1α has been attributed with oncogenic as well as tumor suppressive features. Early in carcinogenesis PGC1α may be downregulated due to a protective anticancer role, and low levels likely reflect a glycolytic phenotype. We suggest mechanisms of PGC1α downregulation and how these might be connected to the increased cancer risk that obesity is now known to entail. Later in tumor progression PGC1α is often upregulated and is reported to contribute to increased lipid and fatty acid metabolism and/or a tumor cell phenotype with an overall metabolic plasticity that likely supports drug resistance as well as metastasis. We conclude that in cancer PGC1α is neither friend nor foe, but rather the obedient servant reacting to metabolic and environmental cues to benefit the tumor cell.
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30
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Paolicchi E, Gemignani F, Krstic-Demonacos M, Dedhar S, Mutti L, Landi S. Targeting hypoxic response for cancer therapy. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13464-78. [PMID: 26859576 PMCID: PMC4924654 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic tumor microenvironment (HTM) is considered to promote metabolic changes, oncogene activation and epithelial mesenchymal transition, and resistance to chemo- and radio-therapy, all of which are hallmarks of aggressive tumor behavior. Cancer cells within the HTM acquire phenotypic properties that allow them to overcome the lack of energy and nutrients supply within this niche. These phenotypic properties include activation of genes regulating glycolysis, glucose transport, acidosis regulators, angiogenesis, all of which are orchestrated through the activation of the transcription factor, HIF1A, which is an independent marker of poor prognosis. Moreover, during the adaptation to a HTM cancer cells undergo deep changes in mitochondrial functions such as “Warburg effect” and the “reverse Warburg effect”. This review aims to provide an overview of the characteristics of the HTM, with particular focus on novel therapeutic strategies currently in clinical trials, targeting the adaptive response to hypoxia of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Paolicchi
- Genetics-Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Marija Krstic-Demonacos
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, College of Science and Technology, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Shoukat Dedhar
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Luciano Mutti
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, College of Science and Technology, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Stefano Landi
- Genetics-Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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31
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Li D, Du X, Guo X, Zhan L, Li X, Yin C, Chen C, Li M, Li B, Yang H, Xing J. Site-specific selection reveals selective constraints and functionality of tumor somatic mtDNA mutations. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:168. [PMID: 29179728 PMCID: PMC5704541 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0638-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have indicated that tumor mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are primarily shaped by relaxed negative selection, which is contradictory to the critical roles of mtDNA mutations in tumorigenesis. Therefore, we hypothesized that site-specific selection may influence tumor mtDNA mutations. METHODS To test our hypothesis, we developed the largest collection of tumor mtDNA mutations to date and evaluated how natural selection shaped mtDNA mutation patterns. RESULTS Our data demonstrated that both positive and negative selections acted on specific positions or functional units of tumor mtDNAs, although the landscape of these mutations was consistent with the relaxation of negative selection. In particular, mutation rate (mutation number in a region/region bp length) in complex V and tRNA coding regions, especially in ATP8 within complex V and in loop and variable regions within tRNA, were significantly lower than those in other regions. While the mutation rate of most codons and amino acids were consistent with the expectation under neutrality, several codons and amino acids had significantly different rates. Moreover, the mutations under selection were enriched for changes that are predicted to be deleterious, further supporting the evolutionary constraints on these regions. CONCLUSION These results indicate the existence of site-specific selection and imply the important role of the mtDNA mutations at some specific sites in tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiaohong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Lei Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | | | - Bingshan Li
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Hushan Yang
- Division of Population Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Jinliang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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32
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Iommarini L, Porcelli AM, Gasparre G, Kurelac I. Non-Canonical Mechanisms Regulating Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 Alpha in Cancer. Front Oncol 2017; 7:286. [PMID: 29230384 PMCID: PMC5711814 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) orchestrates cellular adaptation to low oxygen and nutrient-deprived environment and drives progression to malignancy in human solid cancers. Its canonical regulation involves prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs), which in normoxia induce degradation, whereas in hypoxia allow stabilization of HIF-1α. However, in certain circumstances, HIF-1α regulation goes beyond the actual external oxygen levels and involves PHD-independent mechanisms. Here, we gather and discuss the evidence on the non-canonical HIF-1α regulation, focusing in particular on the consequences of mitochondrial respiratory complexes damage on stabilization of this pleiotropic transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Iommarini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Porcelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gasparre
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ivana Kurelac
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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33
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Li H, Tian Z, Zhang Y, Yang Q, Shi B, Hou P, Ji M. Increased copy number of mitochondrial DNA predicts poor prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:1014-1020. [PMID: 29422970 PMCID: PMC5772934 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Change in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number has been reported in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, its prognostic implication in ESCC remains largely unknown. Using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR assay, the mtDNA copy number was assessed in a cohort of patients with ESCC (n=141) and normal esophageal tissues (n=45), and the association between variable mtDNA levels and clinical outcomes of patients with ESCC were studied. Data revealed that ESCC patients exhibited an increased mtDNA content compared to control subjects. Furthermore, increased mtDNA content was associated with a significantly increased risk of cancer-associated mortality. This molecular event was associated with poorer survival in patients with ESCC, and was an independent predictor of patient survival. Data demonstrated that increased mtDNA content is a common genetic event in ESCC and may be a predictive factor of poor prognosis for ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.,Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Zhufang Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Peng Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Meiju Ji
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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34
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Kürschner G, Zhang Q, Clima R, Xiao Y, Busch JF, Kilic E, Jung K, Berndt N, Bulik S, Holzhütter HG, Gasparre G, Attimonelli M, Babu M, Meierhofer D. Renal oncocytoma characterized by the defective complex I of the respiratory chain boosts the synthesis of the ROS scavenger glutathione. Oncotarget 2017; 8:105882-105904. [PMID: 29285300 PMCID: PMC5739687 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal oncocytomas are rare benign tumors of the kidney and characterized by a deficient complex I (CI) enzyme activity of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system caused by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. Yet, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms and alterations of metabolic pathways in this tumor. We compared renal oncocytomas with adjacent matched normal kidney tissues on a global scale by multi-omics approaches, including whole exome sequencing (WES), proteomics, metabolomics, and metabolic pathway simulation. The abundance of proteins localized to mitochondria increased more than 2-fold, the only exception was a strong decrease in the abundance for CI subunits that revealed several pathogenic heteroplasmic mtDNA mutations by WES. We also observed renal oncocytomas to dysregulate main metabolic pathways, shunting away from gluconeogenesis and lipid metabolism. Nevertheless, the abundance of energy carrier molecules such as NAD+, NADH, NADP, ATP, and ADP were significantly higher in renal oncocytomas. Finally, a substantial 5000-fold increase of the reactive oxygen species scavenger glutathione can be regarded as a new hallmark of renal oncocytoma. Our findings demonstrate that renal oncocytomas undergo a metabolic switch to eliminate ATP consuming processes to ensure a sufficient energy supply for the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Kürschner
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Mass Spectrometry Facility, Berlin, Germany.,Technical University of Berlin, Institute of Bioanalytics, Department of Biotechnology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Qingzhou Zhang
- University of Regina, Department of Biochemistry, Regina, Canada
| | - Rosanna Clima
- University of Bari, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, Bari, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC, Medical Genetics Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Yi Xiao
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Mass Spectrometry Facility, Berlin, Germany.,Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ergin Kilic
- University Hospital Charité, Institute of Pathology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Jung
- University Hospital Charité, Department of Urology, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Berndt
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Institute of Biochemistry Computational Systems Biochemistry Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Bulik
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Institute of Biochemistry Computational Systems Biochemistry Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hermann-Georg Holzhütter
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Institute of Biochemistry Computational Systems Biochemistry Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Gasparre
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC, Medical Genetics Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcella Attimonelli
- University of Bari, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, Bari, Italy
| | - Mohan Babu
- University of Regina, Department of Biochemistry, Regina, Canada
| | - David Meierhofer
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Mass Spectrometry Facility, Berlin, Germany
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De Luise M, Girolimetti G, Okere B, Porcelli AM, Kurelac I, Gasparre G. Molecular and metabolic features of oncocytomas: Seeking the blueprints of indolent cancers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:591-601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Guerra F, Arbini AA, Moro L. Mitochondria and cancer chemoresistance. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:686-699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Abstract
In this review, Amaravadi et al. discuss recent developments in the role of autophagy in cancer, in particular how autophagy can promote cancer through suppressing p53 and preventing energy crisis, cell death, senescence, and an anti-tumor immune response. Macroautophagy (referred to here as autophagy) is induced by starvation to capture and degrade intracellular proteins and organelles in lysosomes, which recycles intracellular components to sustain metabolism and survival. Autophagy also plays a major homeostatic role in controlling protein and organelle quality and quantity. Dysfunctional autophagy contributes to many diseases. In cancer, autophagy can be neutral, tumor-suppressive, or tumor-promoting in different contexts. Large-scale genomic analysis of human cancers indicates that the loss or mutation of core autophagy genes is uncommon, whereas oncogenic events that activate autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis have been identified. Autophagic flux, however, is difficult to measure in human tumor samples, making functional assessment of autophagy problematic in a clinical setting. Autophagy impacts cellular metabolism, the proteome, and organelle numbers and quality, which alter cell functions in diverse ways. Moreover, autophagy influences the interaction between the tumor and the host by promoting stress adaptation and suppressing activation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Additionally, autophagy can promote a cross-talk between the tumor and the stroma, which can support tumor growth, particularly in a nutrient-limited microenvironment. Thus, the role of autophagy in cancer is determined by nutrient availability, microenvironment stress, and the presence of an immune system. Here we discuss recent developments in the role of autophagy in cancer, in particular how autophagy can promote cancer through suppressing p53 and preventing energy crisis, cell death, senescence, and an anti-tumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Amaravadi
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Alec C Kimmelman
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Eileen White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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Venugopal R, Bavle RM, Konda P, Muniswamappa S, Makarla S. Familial Cancers of Head and Neck Region. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:ZE01-ZE06. [PMID: 28764308 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/25920.9967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancers that occur in families more often than would be expected by chance are termed as familial cancers. They occur due to an inherited genetic mutation and account for 5%-10% of all cancers. This review article presents some of the common Familial Cancer Syndromes (FCS) such as MEN 2B, hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour syndrome, familial oral squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, paraganglioma, neurofibroma and other syndromes associated with head and neck region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Venugopal
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Radhika Manoj Bavle
- Professor and Head, Department of Oral Pathology, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Paremala Konda
- Reader, Department of Oral Pathology, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudhakara Muniswamappa
- Reader, Department of Oral Pathology, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Soumya Makarla
- Reader, Department of Oral Pathology, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Abstract
One of the differences between normal and cancer cells is lower pH of the extracellular space in tumors. Low pH in the extracellular space activates proteases and stimulates tumor invasion and metastasis. Tumor cells display higher level of the HIF1α transcription factor that promotes cell switch from mitochondrial respiration to glycolysis. The terminal product of glycolysis is lactate. Lactate formation from pyruvate is catalyzed by the specific HIF1α-dependent isoform of lactate dehydrogenase A. Because lactate accumulation is deleterious for the cell, it is actively exported by monocarboxylate transporters. Lactate is cotransported with proton, which acidifies the extracellular space. Another protein that contributes to proton concentration increase in the extracellular space is tumor-specific HIF1α-dependent carbonic anhydrase IX, which generates a proton in the reaction between carbon dioxide and water. The activity of Na+/H+ exchanger (another protein pump) is stimulated by stress factors (e.g. osmotic shock) and proliferation stimuli. This review describes the mechanisms of proton pump activation and reviews results of studies on effects of various proton pump inhibitors on tumor functioning and growth in cell culture and in vivo. The prospects of combined application of proton pump inhibitors and cytostatics in cancer therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Kobliakov
- Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 115478, Russia.
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40
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Abstract
Mitochondria play fundamental roles in the regulation of life and death of eukaryotic cells. They mediate aerobic energy conversion through the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system, and harbor and control the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. As a descendant of a bacterial endosymbiont, mitochondria retain a vestige of their original genome (mtDNA), and its corresponding full gene expression machinery. Proteins encoded in the mtDNA, all components of the multimeric OXPHOS enzymes, are synthesized in specialized mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes). Mitoribosomes are therefore essential in the regulation of cellular respiration. Additionally, an increasing body of literature has been reporting an alternative role for several mitochondrial ribosomal proteins as apoptosis-inducing factors. No surprisingly, the expression of genes encoding for mitoribosomal proteins, mitoribosome assembly factors and mitochondrial translation factors is modified in numerous cancers, a trait that has been linked to tumorigenesis and metastasis. In this article, we will review the current knowledge regarding the dual function of mitoribosome components in protein synthesis and apoptosis and their association with cancer susceptibility and development. We will also highlight recent developments in targeting mitochondrial ribosomes for the treatment of cancer.
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Iommarini L, Ghelli A, Gasparre G, Porcelli AM. Mitochondrial metabolism and energy sensing in tumor progression. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:582-590. [PMID: 28213331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Energy homeostasis is pivotal for cell fate since metabolic regulation, cell proliferation and death are strongly dependent on the balance between catabolic and anabolic pathways. In particular, metabolic and energetic changes have been observed in cancer cells even before the discovery of oncogenes and tumor suppressors, but have been neglected for a long time. Instead, during the past 20years a renaissance of the study of tumor metabolism has led to a revised and more accurate sight of the metabolic landscape of cancer cells. In this scenario, genetic, biochemical and clinical evidences place mitochondria as key actors in cancer metabolic restructuring, not only because there are energy and biosynthetic intermediates manufacturers, but also because occurrence of mutations in metabolic enzymes encoded by both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA has been associated to different types of cancer. Here we provide an overview of the possible mechanisms modulating mitochondrial energy production and homeostasis in the intriguing scenario of neoplastic cells, focusing on the double-edged role of 5'-AMP activated protein kinase in cancer metabolism. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Mitochondria in Cancer, edited by Giuseppe Gasparre, Rodrigue Rossignol and Pierre Sonveaux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Iommarini
- Dipartimento Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FABIT), Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Anna Ghelli
- Dipartimento Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FABIT), Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gasparre
- Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), U.O. Genetica Medica, Pol. Universitario S. Orsola-Malpighi, Università di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Porcelli
- Dipartimento Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FABIT), Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Scienze della Vita e Tecnologie per la Salute, Università di Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 41/E, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
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Tobouti PL, Pigatti FM, Martins-Mussi MC, Sedassari BT, Orsini-Machado de Sousa SC. Extra-tongue oral granular cell tumor: Histological and immunohistochemical aspect. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2017; 22:e31-e35. [PMID: 27918739 PMCID: PMC5217494 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.21401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granular cell tumor (GCT) is an uncommon benign tumor founded in any part of the body but mainly in the tongue. Extra-tongue oral granular cell tumor (ETOGCT) is rare with few cases reported. Here we describe seven cases of oral GCT located in sites other then the tongue and discuss histopathological and immunohistochemical differences between differential diagnoses. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrieved all cases diagnosed with oral granular cell tumor, from the Oral Pathology Service at the School of Dentistry/ University of São Paulo, and excluded the ones sited in the tongue. Immunohistochemical staining anti-S100 was also performed. RESULTS The presented cases of Extra-tongue Oral Granular Cell Tumor (ETOGT) are composed by granular cells with intimately association with the adjacent tissue. Atypia and mitoses were not seen, and in most cases, the typical pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia was not observed. CONCLUSIONS The importance of an adequate attention is to avoid misdiagnoses, since ETOGT is rare and the tricking histopathological findings could induce to it. All the cases can be differentiated from the tumors that has a granular cell proliferation through a morphological analysis and when needed, immunohistochemistry stain.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-L Tobouti
- Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 2227, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000- São Paulo, SP, Brazil,
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Podetta M, Pusztaszeri M, Toso C, Procopiou M, Triponez F, Sadowski SM. Oncocytic Adrenocortical Neoplasm with Concomitant Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:384. [PMID: 29403439 PMCID: PMC5786566 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenal oncocytoma (AO) is an extremely rare adrenocortical neoplasm and little is known about its malignant potential, secretory properties, and hereditary origin. We present the case of a benign AO with concomitant incidentally found papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and review similar cases in the literature. Immunohistochemistry and next-generation sequencing (NGS) were performed. A 66-year-old women was incidentally found to have a large, androgen-secreting right adrenal mass. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography showed intense uptake (SUVmax 88.7) of this mass and found a hypermetabolic right thyroid mass. Open adrenalectomy was performed for this highly suspicious adrenal mass. Histopathology revealed benign AO that was BRAFV600E negative, with low Ki-67, and no somatic mutation found on NGS. Thyroidectomy revealed invasive, BRAFV600E-positive PTC. At 6 months follow-up, androgen levels returned to normal, and no recurrence was seen on imaging. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an androgen-secreting AO with concomitant PTC. Possibly the simultaneous discovery of two independent neoplasms was observed. In conclusion, this case highlights that care should be given to exclude concomitant neoplasms. Long-term and regular imaging with biochemical follow-up is warranted, since the outcome and clinical behavior of AO remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Podetta
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marc Pusztaszeri
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian Toso
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Frédéric Triponez
- Department of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samira Mercedes Sadowski
- Department of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Samira Mercedes Sadowski,
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Zhang X, De Milito A, Demiroglu-Zergeroglu A, Gullbo J, D'Arcy P, Linder S. Eradicating Quiescent Tumor Cells by Targeting Mitochondrial Bioenergetics. Trends Cancer 2016; 2:657-663. [PMID: 28741504 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The presence of quiescent cell populations in solid tumors represents a major challenge for disease eradication. Such cells are generally present in poorly vascularized tumor areas, show limited sensitivity to traditional chemotherapeutical drugs, and tend to resume proliferation, resulting in tumor reseeding and growth. There is growing recognition of the importance of developing therapies that target these quiescent cell populations to achieve long-lasting remission. Recent studies have shown that the combination of hypoxia and reduced nutrient availability in poorly vascularized areas results in limited tumor metabolic plasticity coupled with an increased sensitivity to perturbations in mitochondrial flux. Targeting of mitochondrial bioenergetics in these quiescent cell tumor populations may enable tumor eradication and improve the prognosis of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Zhang
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angelo De Milito
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Joachim Gullbo
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Section of Oncology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Padraig D'Arcy
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Stig Linder
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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45
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Abstract
Macroautophagy (autophagy hereafter) captures intracellular proteins and organelles and degrades them in lysosomes. The degradation breakdown products are released from lysosomes and recycled into metabolic and biosynthetic pathways. Basal autophagy provides protein and organelle quality control by eliminating damaged cellular components. Starvation-induced autophagy recycles intracellular components into metabolic pathways to sustain mitochondrial metabolic function and energy homeostasis. Recycling by autophagy is essential for yeast and mammals to survive starvation through intracellular nutrient scavenging. Autophagy suppresses degenerative diseases and has a context-dependent role in cancer. In some models, cancer initiation is suppressed by autophagy. By preventing the toxic accumulation of damaged protein and organelles, particularly mitochondria, autophagy limits oxidative stress, chronic tissue damage, and oncogenic signaling, which suppresses cancer initiation. This suggests a role for autophagy stimulation in cancer prevention, although the role of autophagy in the suppression of human cancer is unclear. In contrast, some cancers induce autophagy and are dependent on autophagy for survival. Much in the way that autophagy promotes survival in starvation, cancers can use autophagy-mediated recycling to maintain mitochondrial function and energy homeostasis to meet the elevated metabolic demand of growth and proliferation. Thus, autophagy inhibition may be beneficial for cancer therapy. Moreover, tumors are more autophagy-dependent than normal tissues, suggesting that there is a therapeutic window. Despite these insights, many important unanswered questions remain about the exact mechanisms of autophagy-mediated cancer suppression and promotion, how relevant these observations are to humans, and whether the autophagy pathway can be modulated therapeutically in cancer. See all articles in this CCR Focus section, "Cell Death and Cancer Therapy."
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey (CINJ), New Brunswick, New Jersey. Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey.
| | - Janice M Mehnert
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey (CINJ), New Brunswick, New Jersey. Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Chang S Chan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey (CINJ), New Brunswick, New Jersey. Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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46
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Abstract
Decades ago, Otto Warburg observed that cancers ferment glucose in the presence of oxygen, suggesting that defects in mitochondrial respiration may be the underlying cause of cancer. We now know that the genetic events that drive aberrant cancer cell proliferation also alter biochemical metabolism, including promoting aerobic glycolysis, but do not typically impair mitochondrial function. Mitochondria supply energy; provide building blocks for new cells; and control redox homeostasis, oncogenic signaling, innate immunity, and apoptosis. Indeed, mitochondrial biogenesis and quality control are often upregulated in cancers. While some cancers have mutations in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes that produce oncogenic metabolites, there is negative selection for pathogenic mitochondrial genome mutations. Eliminating mtDNA limits tumorigenesis, and rare human tumors with mutant mitochondrial genomes are relatively benign. Thus, mitochondria play a central and multifunctional role in malignant tumor progression, and targeting mitochondria provides therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Xing Zong
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Eileen White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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47
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Udager AM, McHugh JB, Betz BL, Montone KT, Livolsi VA, Seethala RR, Yakirevich E, Iwenofu OH, Perez-Ordonez B, DuRoss KE, Weigelin HC, Lim MS, Elenitoba-Johnson KSJ, Brown NA. ActivatingKRASmutations are characteristic of oncocytic sinonasal papilloma and associated sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma. J Pathol 2016; 239:394-8. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Udager
- Department of Pathology; University of Michigan Health System; Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Jonathan B McHugh
- Department of Pathology; University of Michigan Health System; Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Bryan L Betz
- Department of Pathology; University of Michigan Health System; Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Kathleen T Montone
- Department of Pathology; Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Virginia A Livolsi
- Department of Pathology; Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Raja R Seethala
- Department of Pathology; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh PA USA
| | | | - O Hans Iwenofu
- Department of Pathology; Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | | | - Kathleen E DuRoss
- Department of Pathology; University of Michigan Health System; Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Helmut C Weigelin
- Department of Pathology; University of Michigan Health System; Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Megan S Lim
- Department of Pathology; Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Kojo SJ Elenitoba-Johnson
- Department of Pathology; Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Noah A Brown
- Department of Pathology; University of Michigan Health System; Ann Arbor MI USA
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48
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Porporato PE, Payen VL, Baselet B, Sonveaux P. Metabolic changes associated with tumor metastasis, part 2: Mitochondria, lipid and amino acid metabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1349-63. [PMID: 26646069 PMCID: PMC11108268 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic alterations are a hallmark of cancer controlling tumor progression and metastasis. Among the various metabolic phenotypes encountered in tumors, this review focuses on the contributions of mitochondria, lipid and amino acid metabolism to the metastatic process. Tumor cells require functional mitochondria to grow, proliferate and metastasize, but shifts in mitochondrial activities confer pro-metastatic traits encompassing increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), enhanced resistance to apoptosis and the increased or de novo production of metabolic intermediates of the TCA cycle behaving as oncometabolites, including succinate, fumarate, and D-2-hydroxyglutarate that control energy production, biosynthesis and the redox state. Lipid metabolism and the metabolism of amino acids, such as glutamine, glutamate and proline are also currently emerging as focal control points of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo E Porporato
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 52, box B1.53.09, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valéry L Payen
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 52, box B1.53.09, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bjorn Baselet
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 52, box B1.53.09, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 52, box B1.53.09, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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49
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Abstract
Macroautophagy (autophagy hereafter) captures, degrades, and recycles intracellular components to maintain metabolic homeostasis and protein and organelle quality control. Autophagy thereby promotes survival in starvation and prevents tissue degeneration. There is an important relationship between autophagy and p53. Autophagy suppresses p53 and also p53 activates autophagy. The suppression of p53 by autophagy is important for tumor promotion and likely also for preventing tissue degeneration. Alternatively, the activation of autophagy by p53 suggests that autophagy is part of the protective function of p53. Uncovering the underlying mechanisms of the autophagy-p53 reciprocal functional interaction and has important implications for human disease and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey (CINJ), New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903 Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
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50
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Joshi S, Tolkunov D, Aviv H, Hakimi AA, Yao M, Hsieh JJ, Ganesan S, Chan CS, White E. The Genomic Landscape of Renal Oncocytoma Identifies a Metabolic Barrier to Tumorigenesis. Cell Rep 2015; 13:1895-908. [PMID: 26655904 PMCID: PMC4779191 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncocytomas are predominantly benign neoplasms possessing pathogenic mitochondrial mutations and accumulation of respiration-defective mitochondria, characteristics of unknown significance. Using exome and transcriptome sequencing, we identified two main subtypes of renal oncocytoma. Type 1 is diploid with CCND1 rearrangements, whereas type 2 is aneuploid with recurrent loss of chromosome 1, X or Y, and/or 14 and 21, which may proceed to more aggressive eosinophilic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC). Oncocytomas activate 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Tp53 (p53) and display disruption of Golgi and autophagy/lysosome trafficking, events attributed to defective mitochondrial function. This suggests that the genetic defects in mitochondria activate a metabolic checkpoint, producing autophagy impairment and mitochondrial accumulation that limit tumor progression, revealing a novel tumor-suppressive mechanism for mitochondrial inhibition with metformin. Alleviation of this metabolic checkpoint in type 2 by p53 mutations may allow progression to eosinophilic ChRCC, indicating that they represent higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpy Joshi
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey (CINJ), 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Denis Tolkunov
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey (CINJ), 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Hana Aviv
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, One Robert Wood Johnson Place, MEB 212, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Abraham A Hakimi
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ming Yao
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey (CINJ), 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - James J Hsieh
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shridar Ganesan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey (CINJ), 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA; Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 1 Robert Wood Johnson Place, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Chang S Chan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey (CINJ), 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA; Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 1 Robert Wood Johnson Place, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Eileen White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey (CINJ), 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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