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Niziński S, Wilson A, Uriarte LM, Ruckebusch C, Andreeva EA, Schlichting I, Colletier JP, Kirilovsky D, Burdzinski G, Sliwa M. Unifying Perspective of the Ultrafast Photodynamics of Orange Carotenoid Proteins from Synechocystis: Peril of High-Power Excitation, Existence of Different S* States, and Influence of Tagging. JACS AU 2022; 2:1084-1095. [PMID: 35647603 PMCID: PMC9131370 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A substantial number of Orange Carotenoid Protein (OCP) studies have aimed to describe the evolution of singlet excited states leading to the formation of a photoactivated form, OCPR. The most recent one suggests that 3 ps-lived excited states are formed after the sub-100 fs decay of the initial S2 state. The S* state, which has the longest reported lifetime of a few to tens of picoseconds, is considered to be the precursor of the first red photoproduct P1. Here, we report the ultrafast photodynamics of the OCP from Synechocystis PCC 6803 carried out using visible-near infrared femtosecond time-resolved absorption spectroscopy as a function of the excitation pulse power and wavelength. We found that a carotenoid radical cation can form even at relatively low excitation power, obscuring the determination of photoactivation yields for P1. Moreover, the comparison of green (540 nm) and blue (470 nm) excitations revealed the existence of an hitherto uncharacterized excited state, denoted as S∼, living a few tens of picoseconds and formed only upon 470 nm excitation. Because neither the P1 quantum yield nor the photoactivation speed over hundreds of seconds vary under green and blue continuous irradiation, this S∼ species is unlikely to be involved in the photoactivation mechanism leading to OCPR. We also addressed the effect of His-tagging at the N- or C-termini on the excited-state photophysical properties. Differences in spectral signatures and lifetimes of the different excited states were observed at a variance with the usual assumption that His-tagging hardly influences protein dynamics and function. Altogether our results advocate for the careful consideration of the excitation power and His-tag position when comparing the photoactivation of different OCP variants and beg to revisit the notion that S* is the precursor of photoactivated OCPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Niziński
- Quantum
Electronics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, Poznan 61-614, Poland
- Univ.
Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516, LASIRE, LAboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les
Interactions, la Réactivité et l’Environnement, Lille 59000, France
| | - Adjéle Wilson
- Université
Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the
Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Lucas M. Uriarte
- Univ.
Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516, LASIRE, LAboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les
Interactions, la Réactivité et l’Environnement, Lille 59000, France
| | - Cyril Ruckebusch
- Univ.
Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516, LASIRE, LAboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les
Interactions, la Réactivité et l’Environnement, Lille 59000, France
| | - Elena A. Andreeva
- Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble 38000, France
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Medizinische Forschung, Jahnstrasse 29, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Ilme Schlichting
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Medizinische Forschung, Jahnstrasse 29, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | | | - Diana Kirilovsky
- Université
Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the
Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Gotard Burdzinski
- Quantum
Electronics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, Poznan 61-614, Poland
| | - Michel Sliwa
- Univ.
Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516, LASIRE, LAboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les
Interactions, la Réactivité et l’Environnement, Lille 59000, France
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Yaroshevich IA, Maksimov EG, Sluchanko NN, Zlenko DV, Stepanov AV, Slutskaya EA, Slonimskiy YB, Botnarevskii VS, Remeeva A, Gushchin I, Kovalev K, Gordeliy VI, Shelaev IV, Gostev FE, Khakhulin D, Poddubnyy VV, Gostev TS, Cherepanov DA, Polívka T, Kloz M, Friedrich T, Paschenko VZ, Nadtochenko VA, Rubin AB, Kirpichnikov MP. Role of hydrogen bond alternation and charge transfer states in photoactivation of the Orange Carotenoid Protein. Commun Biol 2021; 4:539. [PMID: 33972665 PMCID: PMC8110590 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we propose a possible photoactivation mechanism of a 35-kDa blue light-triggered photoreceptor, the Orange Carotenoid Protein (OCP), suggesting that the reaction involves the transient formation of a protonated ketocarotenoid (oxocarbenium cation) state. Taking advantage of engineering an OCP variant carrying the Y201W mutation, which shows superior spectroscopic and structural properties, it is shown that the presence of Trp201 augments the impact of one critical H-bond between the ketocarotenoid and the protein. This confers an unprecedented homogeneity of the dark-adapted OCP state and substantially increases the yield of the excited photoproduct S*, which is important for the productive photocycle to proceed. A 1.37 Å crystal structure of OCP Y201W combined with femtosecond time-resolved absorption spectroscopy, kinetic analysis, and deconvolution of the spectral intermediates, as well as extensive quantum chemical calculations incorporating the effect of the local electric field, highlighted the role of charge-transfer states during OCP photoconversion. Yaroshevich et al. present a chemical reaction mechanism of a 35-kDa blue light-triggered photoreceptor, the Orange Carotenoid Protein (OCP). They find that photoactivation critically involves the transient formation of a protonated ketocarotenoid (oxocarbenium cation) state. This study suggests the role of charge-transfer states during OCP photoconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Yaroshevich
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene G Maksimov
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia. .,A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Nikolai N Sluchanko
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Zlenko
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V Stepanov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Slutskaya
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury B Slonimskiy
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Viacheslav S Botnarevskii
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina Remeeva
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Ivan Gushchin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Kirill Kovalev
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.,Institut de Biologie Structurale J.-P. Ebel, Université Grenoble Alpes-CEA-CNRS, Grenoble, France.,Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Crystallography, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Valentin I Gordeliy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.,Institut de Biologie Structurale J.-P. Ebel, Université Grenoble Alpes-CEA-CNRS, Grenoble, France.,Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ivan V Shelaev
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Fedor E Gostev
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Timofey S Gostev
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Cherepanov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tomáš Polívka
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kloz
- ELI-Beamlines, Institute of Physics, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Friedrich
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry PC14, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Victor A Nadtochenko
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrew B Rubin
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail P Kirpichnikov
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Fuente D, Lazar D, Oliver-Villanueva JV, Urchueguía JF. Reconstruction of the absorption spectrum of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 optical mutants from the in vivo signature of individual pigments. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 147:75-90. [PMID: 33245462 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00799-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we reconstructed the absorption spectrum of different Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 optical strains by summing the computed signature of all pigments present in this organism. To do so, modifications to in vitro pigment spectra were first required: namely wavelength shift, curve smoothing, and the package effect calculation derived from high pigment densities were applied. As a result, we outlined a plausible shape for the in vivo absorption spectrum of each chromophore. These are flatter and slightly broader in physiological conditions yet the mean weight-specific absorption coefficient remains identical to the in vitro conditions. Moreover, we give an estimate of all pigment concentrations without applying spectrophotometric correlations, which are often prone to error. The computed cell spectrum reproduces in an accurate manner the experimental spectrum for all the studied wavelengths in the wild-type, Olive, and PAL strain. The gathered pigment concentrations are in agreement with reported values in literature. Moreover, different illumination set-ups were evaluated to calculate the mean absorption cross-section of each chromophore. Finally, a qualitative estimate of light-limited cellular growth at each wavelength is given. This investigation describes a novel way to approach the cell absorption spectrum and shows all its inherent potential for photosynthesis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fuente
- Instituto de Aplicaciones de las Tecnologías de la Información y de las Comunicaciones Avanzadas, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Department of Adaptation Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Drásov, Czech Republic.
| | - Dusan Lazar
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jose Vicente Oliver-Villanueva
- Instituto de Aplicaciones de las Tecnologías de la Información y de las Comunicaciones Avanzadas, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier F Urchueguía
- Instituto de Aplicaciones de las Tecnologías de la Información y de las Comunicaciones Avanzadas, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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4
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Kuznetsova V, Dominguez-Martin MA, Bao H, Gupta S, Sutter M, Kloz M, Rebarz M, Přeček M, Chen Y, Petzold CJ, Ralston CY, Kerfeld CA, Polívka T. Comparative ultrafast spectroscopy and structural analysis of OCP1 and OCP2 from Tolypothrix. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148120. [PMID: 31734194 PMCID: PMC6943196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.148120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The orange carotenoid protein (OCP) is a structurally and functionally modular photoactive protein involved in cyanobacterial photoprotection. Recently, based on bioinformatic analysis and phylogenetic relationships, new families of OCP have been described, OCP2 and OCPx. The first characterization of the OCP2 showed both faster photoconversion and back-conversion, and lower fluorescence quenching of phycobilisomes relative to the well-characterized OCP1. Moreover, OCP2 is not regulated by the fluorescence recovery protein (FRP). In this work, we present a comprehensive study combining ultrafast spectroscopy and structural analysis to compare the photoactivation mechanisms of OCP1 and OCP2 from Tolypothrix PCC 7601. We show that despite significant differences in their functional characteristics, the spectroscopic properties of OCP1 and OCP2 are comparable. This indicates that the OCP functionality is not directly related to the spectroscopic properties of the bound carotenoid. In addition, the structural analysis by X-ray footprinting reveals that, overall, OCP1 and OCP2 have grossly the same photoactivation mechanism. However, the OCP2 is less reactive to radiolytic labeling, suggesting that the protein is less flexible than OCP1. This observation could explain fast photoconversion of OCP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentyna Kuznetsova
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Han Bao
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sayan Gupta
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Markus Sutter
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Miroslav Kloz
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Radnicí 835, 252 41 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
| | - Mateusz Rebarz
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Radnicí 835, 252 41 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Přeček
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Radnicí 835, 252 41 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
| | - Yan Chen
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Christopher J Petzold
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Corie Y Ralston
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Cheryl A Kerfeld
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Tomáš Polívka
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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5
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Sluchanko NN, Slonimskiy YB, Maksimov EG. Features of Protein-Protein Interactions in the Cyanobacterial Photoprotection Mechanism. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018. [PMID: 29523061 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791713003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoprotective mechanisms of cyanobacteria are characterized by several features associated with the structure of their water-soluble antenna complexes - the phycobilisomes (PBs). During energy transfer from PBs to chlorophyll of photosystem reaction centers, the "energy funnel" principle is realized, which regulates energy flux due to the specialized interaction of the PBs core with a quenching molecule capable of effectively dissipating electron excitation energy into heat. The role of the quencher is performed by ketocarotenoid within the photoactive orange carotenoid protein (OCP), which is also a sensor for light flux. At a high level of insolation, OCP is reversibly photoactivated, and this is accompanied by a significant change in its structure and spectral characteristics. Such conformational changes open the possibility for protein-protein interactions between OCP and the PBs core (i.e., activation of photoprotection mechanisms) or the fluorescence recovery protein. Even though OCP was discovered in 1981, little was known about the conformation of its active form until recently, as well as about the properties of homologs of its N and C domains. Studies carried out during recent years have made a breakthrough in understanding of the structural-functional organization of OCP and have enabled discovery of new aspects of the regulation of photoprotection processes in cyanobacteria. This review focuses on aspects of protein-protein interactions between the main participants of photoprotection reactions and on certain properties of representatives of newly discovered families of OCP homologs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Sluchanko
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
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Gurchiek JK, Bao H, Domínguez-Martín MA, McGovern SE, Marquardt CE, Roscioli JD, Ghosh S, Kerfeld CA, Beck WF. Fluorescence and Excited-State Conformational Dynamics of the Orange Carotenoid Protein. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:1792-1800. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b09435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cheryl A. Kerfeld
- Molecular
Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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7
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The photocycle of orange carotenoid protein conceals distinct intermediates and asynchronous changes in the carotenoid and protein components. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15548. [PMID: 29138423 PMCID: PMC5686206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The 35-kDa Orange Carotenoid Protein (OCP) is responsible for photoprotection in cyanobacteria. It acts as a light intensity sensor and efficient quencher of phycobilisome excitation. Photoactivation triggers large-scale conformational rearrangements to convert OCP from the orange OCPO state to the red active signaling state, OCPR, as demonstrated by various structural methods. Such rearrangements imply a complete, yet reversible separation of structural domains and translocation of the carotenoid. Recently, dynamic crystallography of OCPO suggested the existence of photocycle intermediates with small-scale rearrangements that may trigger further transitions. In this study, we took advantage of single 7 ns laser pulses to study carotenoid absorption transients in OCP on the time-scale from 100 ns to 10 s, which allowed us to detect a red intermediate state preceding the red signaling state, OCPR. In addition, time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy and the assignment of carotenoid-induced quenching of different tryptophan residues derived thereof revealed a novel orange intermediate state, which appears during the relaxation of photoactivated OCPR to OCPO. Our results show asynchronous changes between the carotenoid- and protein-associated kinetic components in a refined mechanistic model of the OCP photocycle, but also introduce new kinetic signatures for future studies of OCP photoactivity and photoprotection.
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8
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Moldenhauer M, Sluchanko NN, Buhrke D, Zlenko DV, Tavraz NN, Schmitt FJ, Hildebrandt P, Maksimov EG, Friedrich T. Assembly of photoactive orange carotenoid protein from its domains unravels a carotenoid shuttle mechanism. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 133:327-341. [PMID: 28213741 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The photoswitchable orange carotenoid protein (OCP) is indispensable for cyanobacterial photoprotection by quenching phycobilisome fluorescence upon photoconversion from the orange OCPO to the red OCPR form. Cyanobacterial genomes frequently harbor, besides genes for orange carotenoid proteins (OCPs), several genes encoding homologs of OCP's N- or C-terminal domains (NTD, CTD). Unlike the well-studied NTD homologs, called Red Carotenoid Proteins (RCPs), the role of CTD homologs remains elusive. We show how OCP can be reassembled from its functional domains. Expression of Synechocystis OCP-CTD in carotenoid-producing Escherichia coli yielded violet-colored proteins, which, upon mixing with the RCP-apoprotein, produced an orange-like photoswitchable form that further photoconverted into a species that quenches phycobilisome fluorescence and is spectroscopically indistinguishable from RCP, thus demonstrating a unique carotenoid shuttle mechanism. Spontaneous carotenoid transfer also occurs between canthaxanthin-coordinating OCP-CTD and the OCP apoprotein resulting in formation of photoactive OCP. The OCP-CTD itself is a novel, dimeric carotenoid-binding protein, which can coordinate canthaxanthin and zeaxanthin, effectively quenches singlet oxygen and interacts with the Fluorescence Recovery Protein. These findings assign physiological roles to the multitude of CTD homologs in cyanobacteria and explain the evolutionary process of OCP formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Moldenhauer
- Institute of Chemistry PC 14, Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolai N Sluchanko
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119071
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119992
| | - David Buhrke
- Institute of Chemistry PC 14, Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dmitry V Zlenko
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119992
| | - Neslihan N Tavraz
- Institute of Chemistry PC 14, Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Schmitt
- Institute of Chemistry PC 14, Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Hildebrandt
- Institute of Chemistry PC 14, Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eugene G Maksimov
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119992.
| | - Thomas Friedrich
- Institute of Chemistry PC 14, Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
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9
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Maksimov EG, Sluchanko NN, Slonimskiy YB, Mironov KS, Klementiev KE, Moldenhauer M, Friedrich T, Los DA, Paschenko VZ, Rubin AB. The Unique Protein-to-Protein Carotenoid Transfer Mechanism. Biophys J 2017; 113:402-414. [PMID: 28746851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Orange Carotenoid Protein (OCP) is known as an effector and regulator of cyanobacterial photoprotection. This 35 kDa water-soluble protein provides specific environment for blue-green light absorbing keto-carotenoids, which excitation causes dramatic but fully reversible rearrangements of the OCP structure, including carotenoid translocation and separation of C- and N-terminal domains upon transition from the basic orange to photoactivated red OCP form. Although recent studies greatly improved our understanding of the OCP photocycle and interaction with phycobilisomes and the fluorescence recovery protein, the mechanism of OCP assembly remains unclear. Apparently, this process requires targeted delivery and incorporation of a highly hydrophobic carotenoid molecule into the water-soluble apoprotein of OCP. Recently, we introduced, to our knowledge, a novel carotenoid carrier protein, COCP, which consists of dimerized C-domain(s) of OCP and can combine with the isolated N-domain to form transient OCP-like species. Here, we demonstrate that in vitro COCP efficiently transfers otherwise tightly bound carotenoid to the full-length OCP apoprotein, resulting in formation of photoactive OCP from completely photoinactive species. We accurately analyze the peculiarities of this process that, to the best of our knowledge, appears unique, a previously uncharacterized protein-to-protein carotenoid transfer mechanism. We hypothesize that a similar OCP assembly can occur in vivo, substantiating specific roles of the COCP carotenoid carrier in cyanobacterial photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene G Maksimov
- Department of Biophysics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Nikolai N Sluchanko
- Department of Biophysics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury B Slonimskiy
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Department of Biochemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill S Mironov
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Thomas Friedrich
- Technical University of Berlin, Institute of Chemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dmitry A Los
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Z Paschenko
- Department of Biophysics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrew B Rubin
- Department of Biophysics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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10
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Kerfeld CA, Melnicki MR, Sutter M, Dominguez-Martin MA. Structure, function and evolution of the cyanobacterial orange carotenoid protein and its homologs. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 215:937-951. [PMID: 28675536 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Contents 937 I. 937 II. 938 III. 939 IV. 943 V. 947 VI. 948 948 References 949 SUMMARY: The orange carotenoid protein (OCP) is a water-soluble, photoactive protein involved in thermal dissipation of excess energy absorbed by the light-harvesting phycobilisomes (PBS) in cyanobacteria. The OCP is structurally and functionally modular, consisting of a sensor domain, an effector domain and a keto-carotenoid. On photoactivation, the OCP converts from a stable orange form, OCPO , to a red form, OCPR . Activation is accompanied by a translocation of the carotenoid deeper into the effector domain. The increasing availability of cyanobacterial genomes has enabled the identification of new OCP families (OCP1, OCP2, OCPX). The fluorescence recovery protein (FRP) detaches OCP1 from the PBS core, accelerating its back-conversion to OCPO ; by contrast, other OCP families are not regulated by FRP. N-terminal domain homologs, the helical carotenoid proteins (HCPs), have been found among diverse cyanobacteria, occurring as multiple paralogous groups, with two representatives exhibiting strong singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) quenching (HCP2, HCP3) and another capable of dissipating PBS excitation (HCP4). Crystal structures are presently available for OCP1 and HCP1, and models of other HCP subtypes can be readily produced as a result of strong sequence conservation, providing new insights into the determinants of carotenoid binding and 1 O2 quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A Kerfeld
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Matthew R Melnicki
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Markus Sutter
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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11
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Fujisawa T, Leverenz RL, Nagamine M, Kerfeld CA, Unno M. Raman Optical Activity Reveals Carotenoid Photoactivation Events in the Orange Carotenoid Protein in Solution. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:10456-10460. [PMID: 28692285 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The orange carotenoid protein (OCP) plays an important role in photoprotection in cyanobacteria, which is achieved by the photoconversion from the orange dark state (OCPO) to the red active state (OCPR). Using Raman optical activity (ROA), we studied the conformations of the carotenoid chromophore in the active sites of OCPO and OCPR. This ROA measurement directly observed the chromophore conformation of native OCP in solution, and the measurement of OCPR first demonstrated the ROA spectroscopy for the transient species. For OCPO, the spectral features of ROA were mostly reproduced by the quantum chemical calculation based on the crystal structure of the OCP. Within the spatial resolution (∼2 Å), a slight modification of the polyene-chain distortion improved the agreement between the observed and calculated ROA spectra. While the crystal structure of OCPR is not available, the ROA spectrum of OCPR was reproduced by using the crystal structure of red carotenoid protein (RCP), an OCPR proxy. The present results showed that the chromophore conformations in the crystal structures of OCP and RCP hold true for OCPO and OCPR in solution. Particularly, ROA spectroscopy of the native OCPR provides a direct support for the 12 Å translocation of chromophore in the photoactivation, which was proposed by X-ray crystallography using RCP [R. L. Leverenz, M. Sutter, et al. Science 2015, 348, 1463-1466].
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotsumi Fujisawa
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University , Saga 850-8502, Japan
| | - Ryan L Leverenz
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Momoka Nagamine
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University , Saga 850-8502, Japan
| | - Cheryl A Kerfeld
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Masashi Unno
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University , Saga 850-8502, Japan
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12
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Maksimov EG, Sluchanko NN, Mironov KS, Shirshin EA, Klementiev KE, Tsoraev GV, Moldenhauer M, Friedrich T, Los DA, Allakhverdiev SI, Paschenko VZ, Rubin AB. Fluorescent Labeling Preserving OCP Photoactivity Reveals Its Reorganization during the Photocycle. Biophys J 2017; 112:46-56. [PMID: 28076815 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.11.3193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Orange carotenoid protein (OCP), responsible for the photoprotection of the cyanobacterial photosynthetic apparatus under excessive light conditions, undergoes significant rearrangements upon photoconversion and transits from the stable orange to the signaling red state. This is thought to involve a 12-Å translocation of the carotenoid cofactor and separation of the N- and C-terminal protein domains. Despite clear recent progress, the detailed mechanism of the OCP photoconversion and associated photoprotection remains elusive. Here, we labeled the OCP of Synechocystis with tetramethylrhodamine-maleimide (TMR) and obtained a photoactive OCP-TMR complex, the fluorescence of which was highly sensitive to the protein state, showing unprecedented contrast between the orange and red states and reflecting changes in protein conformation and the distances from TMR to the carotenoid throughout the photocycle. The OCP-TMR complex was sensitive to the light intensity, temperature, and viscosity of the solvent. Based on the observed Förster resonance energy transfer, we determined that upon photoconversion, the distance between TMR (donor) bound to a cysteine in the C-terminal domain and the carotenoid (acceptor) increased by 18 Å, with simultaneous translocation of the carotenoid into the N-terminal domain. Time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy revealed a significant decrease of the OCP rotation rate in the red state, indicating that the light-triggered conversion of the protein is accompanied by an increase of its hydrodynamic radius. Thus, our results support the idea of significant structural rearrangements of OCP, providing, to our knowledge, new insights into the structural rearrangements of OCP throughout the photocycle and a completely novel approach to the study of its photocycle and non-photochemical quenching. We suggest that this approach can be generally applied to other photoactive proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene G Maksimov
- Department of Biophysics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Nikolai N Sluchanko
- Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry of Proteins, A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill S Mironov
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, K. A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Shirshin
- Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Georgy V Tsoraev
- Department of Biophysics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marcus Moldenhauer
- Department of Intracellular Regulation, Institute of Plant Physiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Thomas Friedrich
- Department of Intracellular Regulation, Institute of Plant Physiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Los
- Department of Intracellular Regulation, Institute of Plant Physiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, K. A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | | | - Andrew B Rubin
- Department of Biophysics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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13
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Abstract
Photoprotection is essential for efficient photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria have evolved a unique photoprotective mechanism mediated by a water-soluble carotenoid-based photoreceptor known as orange carotenoid protein (OCP). OCP undergoes large conformational changes in response to intense blue light, and the photoactivated OCP facilitates dissipation of excess energy via direct interaction with allophycocyanins at the phycobilisome core. However, the structural events leading up to the OCP photoactivation remain elusive at the molecular level. Here we present direct observations of light-induced structural changes in OCP captured by dynamic crystallography. Difference electron densities between the dark and illuminated states reveal widespread and concerted atomic motions that lead to altered protein-pigment interactions, displacement of secondary structures, and domain separation. Based on these crystallographic observations together with site-directed mutagenesis, we propose a molecular mechanism for OCP light perception, in which the photochemical property of a conjugated carbonyl group is exploited. We hypothesize that the OCP photoactivation starts with keto-enol tautomerization of the essential 4-keto group in the carotenoid, which disrupts the strong hydrogen bonds between the bent chromophore and the protein moiety. Subsequent structural changes trapped in the crystal lattice offer a high-resolution glimpse of the initial molecular events as OCP begins to transition from the orange-absorbing state to the active red-absorbing state.
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14
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Šlouf V, Kuznetsova V, Fuciman M, de Carbon CB, Wilson A, Kirilovsky D, Polívka T. Ultrafast spectroscopy tracks carotenoid configurations in the orange and red carotenoid proteins from cyanobacteria. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 131:105-117. [PMID: 27612863 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A quenching mechanism mediated by the orange carotenoid protein (OCP) is one of the ways cyanobacteria protect themselves against photooxidative stress. Here, we present a femtosecond spectroscopic study comparing OCP and RCP (red carotenoid protein) samples binding different carotenoids. We confirmed significant changes in carotenoid configuration upon OCP activation reported by Leverenz et al. (Science 348:1463-1466. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa7234 , 2015) by comparing the transient spectra of OCP and RCP. The most important marker of these changes was the magnitude of the transient signal associated with the carotenoid intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) state. While OCP with canthaxanthin exhibited a weak ICT signal, it increased significantly for canthaxanthin bound to RCP. On the contrary, a strong ICT signal was recorded in OCP binding echinenone excited at the red edge of the absorption spectrum. Because the carbonyl oxygen responsible for the appearance of the ICT signal is located at the end rings of both carotenoids, the magnitude of the ICT signal can be used to estimate the torsion angles of the end rings. Application of two different excitation wavelengths to study OCP demonstrated that the OCP sample contains two spectroscopically distinct populations, none of which is corresponding to the photoactivated product of OCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Šlouf
- Institute of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Valentyna Kuznetsova
- Institute of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Fuciman
- Institute of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Céline Bourcier de Carbon
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institut de Biologie et Technologies de Saclay (iBiTec-S), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Adjélé Wilson
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institut de Biologie et Technologies de Saclay (iBiTec-S), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Diana Kirilovsky
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institut de Biologie et Technologies de Saclay (iBiTec-S), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Tomáš Polívka
- Institute of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biological Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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15
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Kirilovsky D, Kerfeld CA. Cyanobacterial photoprotection by the orange carotenoid protein. NATURE PLANTS 2016; 2:16180. [PMID: 27909300 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2016.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In photosynthetic organisms, the production of dangerous oxygen species is stimulated under high irradiance. To cope with this stress, these organisms have evolved photoprotective mechanisms. One type of mechanism functions to decrease the energy arriving at the photochemical centres by increasing thermal dissipation at the level of antennae. In cyanobacteria, the trigger for this mechanism is the photoactivation of a soluble carotenoid protein, the orange carotenoid protein (OCP), which is a structurally and functionally modular protein. The inactive orange form (OCPo) is compact and globular, with the carotenoid spanning the effector and the regulatory domains. In the active red form (OCPr), the two domains are completely separated and the carotenoid has translocated entirely into the effector domain. The activated OCPr interacts with the phycobilisome (PBS), the cyanobacterial antenna, and induces excitation-energy quenching. A second protein, the fluorescence recovery protein (FRP), dislodges the active OCPr from the PBSs and accelerates its conversion to the inactive OCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Kirilovsky
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institut de Biologie et Technologies de Saclay (iBiTec-S), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Cheryl A Kerfeld
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Berkeley Synthetic Biology Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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16
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Maksimov EG, Moldenhauer M, Shirshin EA, Parshina EA, Sluchanko NN, Klementiev KE, Tsoraev GV, Tavraz NN, Willoweit M, Schmitt FJ, Breitenbach J, Sandmann G, Paschenko VZ, Friedrich T, Rubin AB. A comparative study of three signaling forms of the orange carotenoid protein. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 130:389-401. [PMID: 27161566 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0272-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Orange carotenoid protein (OCP) is a water-soluble photoactive protein responsible for a photoprotective mechanism of nonphotochemical quenching in cyanobacteria. Under blue-green illumination, OCP converts from the stable orange into the signaling red quenching form; however, the latter form could also be obtained by chemical activation with high concentrations of sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) or point mutations. In this work, we show that a single replacement of tryptophan-288, normally involved in protein-chromophore interactions, by alanine, results in formation of a new protein form, hereinafter referred to as purple carotenoid protein (PCP). Comparison of resonance Raman spectra of the native photoactivated red form, chemically activated OCP, and PCP reveals that carotenoid conformation is sensitive to the structure of the C-domain, implicating that the chromophore retains some interactions with this part of the protein in the active red form. Combination of differential scanning fluorimetry and picosecond time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy measurements allowed us to compare the stability of different OCP forms and to estimate relative differences in protein rotation rates. These results were corroborated by hydrodynamic analysis of proteins by dynamic light scattering and analytical size-exclusion chromatography, indicating that the light-induced conversion of the protein is accompanied by a significant increase in its size. On the whole, our data support the idea that the red form of OCP is a molten globule-like protein in which, however, interactions between the carotenoid and the C-terminal domain are preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Maksimov
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russia.
| | - M Moldenhauer
- Institute of Chemistry PC 14, Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - E A Shirshin
- Department of Quantum Electronics, Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russia
| | - E A Parshina
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russia
| | - N N Sluchanko
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - K E Klementiev
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russia
| | - G V Tsoraev
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russia
| | - N N Tavraz
- Institute of Chemistry PC 14, Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Willoweit
- Institute of Chemistry PC 14, Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - F-J Schmitt
- Institute of Chemistry PC 14, Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Breitenbach
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - G Sandmann
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - V Z Paschenko
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russia
| | - T Friedrich
- Institute of Chemistry PC 14, Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - A B Rubin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russia
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17
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Maksimov EG, Shirshin EA, Sluchanko NN, Zlenko DV, Parshina EY, Tsoraev GV, Klementiev KE, Budylin GS, Schmitt FJ, Friedrich T, Fadeev VV, Paschenko VZ, Rubin AB. The Signaling State of Orange Carotenoid Protein. Biophys J 2016; 109:595-607. [PMID: 26244741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Orange carotenoid protein (OCP) is the photoactive protein that is responsible for high light tolerance in cyanobacteria. We studied the kinetics of the OCP photocycle by monitoring changes in its absorption spectrum, intrinsic fluorescence, and fluorescence of the Nile red dye bound to OCP. It was demonstrated that all of these three methods provide the same kinetic parameters of the photocycle, namely, the kinetics of OCP relaxation in darkness was biexponential with a ratio of two components equal to 2:1 independently of temperature. Whereas the changes of the absorption spectrum of OCP characterize the geometry and environment of its chromophore, the intrinsic fluorescence of OCP reveals changes in its tertiary structure, and the fluorescence properties of Nile red indicate the exposure of hydrophobic surface areas of OCP to the solvent following the photocycle. The results of molecular-dynamics studies indicated the presence of two metastable conformations of 3'-hydroxyechinenone, which is consistent with characteristic changes in the Raman spectra. We conclude that rotation of the β-ionylidene ring in the C-terminal domain of OCP could be one of the first conformational rearrangements that occur during photoactivation. The obtained results suggest that the photoactivated form of OCP represents a molten globule-like state that is characterized by increased mobility of tertiary structure elements and solvent accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene G Maksimov
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Evgeny A Shirshin
- Department of Quantum Electronics, Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolai N Sluchanko
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Zlenko
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgenia Y Parshina
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgy V Tsoraev
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin E Klementiev
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gleb S Budylin
- Department of Quantum Electronics, Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Franz-Josef Schmitt
- Institute of Chemistry, Max-Volmer Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Friedrich
- Institute of Chemistry, Max-Volmer Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor V Fadeev
- Department of Quantum Electronics, Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Z Paschenko
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrew B Rubin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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18
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Kirilovsky D. Modulating energy arriving at photochemical reaction centers: orange carotenoid protein-related photoprotection and state transitions. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 126:3-17. [PMID: 25139327 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-014-0031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms tightly regulate the energy arriving to the reaction centers in order to avoid photodamage or imbalance between the photosystems. To this purpose, cyanobacteria have developed mechanisms involving relatively rapid (seconds to minutes) changes in the photosynthetic apparatus. In this review, two of these processes will be described: orange carotenoid protein(OCP)-related photoprotection and state transitions which optimize energy distribution between the two photosystems. The photoactive OCP is a light intensity sensor and an energy dissipater. Photoactivation depends on light intensity and only the red-active OCP form, by interacting with phycobilisome cores, increases thermal energy dissipation at the level of the antenna. A second protein, the "fluorescence recovery protein", is needed to recover full antenna capacity under low light conditions. This protein accelerates OCP conversion to the inactive orange form and plays a role in dislodging the red OCP protein from the phycobilisome. The mechanism of state transitions is still controversial. Changes in the redox state of the plastoquinone pool induce movement of phycobilisomes and/or photosystems leading to redistribution of energy absorbed by phycobilisomes between PSII and PSI and/or to changes in excitation energy spillover between photosystems. The different steps going from the induction of redox changes to movement of phycobilisomes or photosystems remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Kirilovsky
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), SB2SM, Bat 532, Institut de Biologie et Technologies de Saclay (iBiTec-S), 91191, Gif sur Yvette, France.
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 8221, 91191, Gif sur Yvette, France.
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19
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Zlenko DV, Krasilnikov PM, Stadnichuk IN. Role of inter-domain cavity in the attachment of the orange carotenoid protein to the phycobilisome core and to the fluorescence recovery protein. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2015; 34:486-96. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2015.1042913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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King JD, Liu H, He G, Orf GS, Blankenship RE. Chemical activation of the cyanobacterial orange carotenoid protein. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:4561-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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De Re E, Schlau-Cohen GS, Leverenz RL, Huxter VM, Oliver TAA, Mathies RA, Fleming GR. Insights into the structural changes occurring upon photoconversion in the orange carotenoid protein from broadband two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:5382-9. [PMID: 24779893 DOI: 10.1021/jp502120h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids play an essential role in photoprotection, interacting with other pigments to safely dissipate excess absorbed energy as heat. In cyanobacteria, the short time scale photoprotective mechanisms involve the photoactive orange carotenoid protein (OCP), which binds a single carbonyl carotenoid. Blue-green light induces the photoswitching of OCP from its ground state form (OCPO) to a metastable photoproduct (OCPR). OCPR can bind to the phycobilisome antenna and induce fluorescence quenching. The photoswitching is accompanied by structural and functional changes at the level of the protein and of the bound carotenoid. Here, we use broadband two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy to study the differences in excited state dynamics of the carotenoid in the two forms of OCP. Our results provide insight into the origin of the pronounced vibrational lineshape and oscillatory dynamics observed in linear absorption and 2D electronic spectroscopy of OCPO and the large inhomogeneous broadening in OCPR, with consequences for the chemical function of the two forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora De Re
- Applied Science and Technology Graduate Group, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Sedoud A, López-Igual R, Ur Rehman A, Wilson A, Perreau F, Boulay C, Vass I, Krieger-Liszkay A, Kirilovsky D. The Cyanobacterial Photoactive Orange Carotenoid Protein Is an Excellent Singlet Oxygen Quencher. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:1781-1791. [PMID: 24748041 PMCID: PMC4036585 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.123802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria have developed a photoprotective mechanism that decreases the energy arriving at the photosynthetic reaction centers under high-light conditions. The photoactive orange carotenoid protein (OCP) is essential in this mechanism as a light sensor and energy quencher. When OCP is photoactivated by strong blue-green light, it is able to dissipate excess energy as heat by interacting with phycobilisomes. As a consequence, charge separation and recombination leading to the formation of singlet oxygen diminishes. Here, we demonstrate that OCP has another essential role. We observed that OCP also protects Synechocystis cells from strong orange-red light, a condition in which OCP is not photoactivated. We first showed that this photoprotection is related to a decrease of singlet oxygen concentration due to OCP action. Then, we demonstrated that, in vitro, OCP is a very good singlet oxygen quencher. By contrast, another carotenoid protein having a high similarity with the N-terminal domain of OCP is not more efficient as a singlet oxygen quencher than a protein without carotenoid. Although OCP is a soluble protein, it is able to quench the singlet oxygen generated in the thylakoid membranes. Thus, OCP has dual and complementary photoprotective functions as an energy quencher and a singlet oxygen quencher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezki Sedoud
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut de Biologie et Technologies de Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8221, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France Phycosource, 95092 Cergy Cedex, France
| | - Rocío López-Igual
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut de Biologie et Technologies de Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8221, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Ateeq Ur Rehman
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Adjélé Wilson
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut de Biologie et Technologies de Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8221, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - François Perreau
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, INRA Versailles-Grignon, F-78026 Versailles, France
| | | | - Imre Vass
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anja Krieger-Liszkay
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut de Biologie et Technologies de Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8221, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Diana Kirilovsky
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut de Biologie et Technologies de Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8221, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
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Kirilovsky D, Kerfeld CA. The Orange Carotenoid Protein: a blue-green light photoactive protein. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 12:1135-43. [PMID: 23396391 DOI: 10.1039/c3pp25406b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the Orange Carotenoid Protein (OCP) which is the first photoactive protein identified containing a carotenoid as the photoresponsive chromophore. This protein is essential for the triggering of a photoprotective mechanism in cyanobacteria which decreases the excess absorbed energy arriving at the photosynthetic reaction centers by increasing thermal dissipation at the level of the phycobilisomes, the cyanobacterial antenna. Blue-green light causes structural changes within the carotenoid and the protein, converting the orange inactive form into a red active form. The activated red form interacts with the phycobilisome and induces the decrease of phycobilisome fluorescence emission and of the energy arriving to the photosynthetic reaction centers. The OCP is the light sensor, the signal propagator and the energy quencher. A second protein, the Fluorescence Recovery Protein (FRP), is needed to detach the red OCP from the phycobilisome and its reversion to the inactive orange form. In the last decade, in vivo and in vitro mechanistic studies combined with structural and genomic data resulted in both the discovery and a detailed picture of the function of the OCP and OCP-mediated photoprotection. Recent structural and functional results are emphasized and important previous results will be reviewed. Similarities to other blue-light responsive proteins will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Kirilovsky
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut de Biologie et Technologies de Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France.
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24
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Mechanisms Modulating Energy Arriving at Reaction Centers in Cyanobacteria. ADVANCES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9032-1_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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25
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Leverenz RL, Jallet D, Li MD, Mathies RA, Kirilovsky D, Kerfeld CA. Structural and functional modularity of the orange carotenoid protein: distinct roles for the N- and C-terminal domains in cyanobacterial photoprotection. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:426-37. [PMID: 24399299 PMCID: PMC3963587 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.118588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The orange carotenoid protein (OCP) serves as a sensor of light intensity and an effector of phycobilisome (PB)-associated photoprotection in cyanobacteria. Structurally, the OCP is composed of two distinct domains spanned by a single carotenoid chromophore. Functionally, in response to high light, the OCP converts from a dark-stable orange form, OCP(O), to an active red form, OCP(R). The C-terminal domain of the OCP has been implicated in the dynamic response to light intensity and plays a role in switching off the OCP's photoprotective response through its interaction with the fluorescence recovery protein. The function of the N-terminal domain, which is uniquely found in cyanobacteria, is unclear. To investigate its function, we isolated the N-terminal domain in vitro using limited proteolysis of native OCP. The N-terminal domain retains the carotenoid chromophore; this red carotenoid protein (RCP) has constitutive PB fluorescence quenching activity comparable in magnitude to that of active, full-length OCP(R). A comparison of the spectroscopic properties of the RCP with OCP(R) indicates that critical protein-chromophore interactions within the C-terminal domain are weakened in the OCP(R) form. These results suggest that the C-terminal domain dynamically regulates the photoprotective activity of an otherwise constitutively active carotenoid binding N-terminal domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L. Leverenz
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Denis Jallet
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Institut de Biologie et Technologies de Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite Mixte de Recherche 8221, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Ming-De Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Richard A. Mathies
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Diana Kirilovsky
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Institut de Biologie et Technologies de Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite Mixte de Recherche 8221, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Cheryl A. Kerfeld
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598
- Berkeley Synthetic Biology Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
- Address correspondence to
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26
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Crystal structure of the FRP and identification of the active site for modulation of OCP-mediated photoprotection in cyanobacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:10022-7. [PMID: 23716688 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1303673110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic reaction centers are sensitive to high light conditions, which can cause damage because of the formation of reactive oxygen species. To prevent high-light induced damage, cyanobacteria have developed photoprotective mechanisms. One involves a photoactive carotenoid protein that decreases the transfer of excess energy to the reaction centers. This protein, the orange carotenoid protein (OCP), is present in most cyanobacterial strains; it is activated by high light conditions and able to dissipate excess energy at the site of the light-harvesting antennae, the phycobilisomes. Restoration of normal antenna capacity involves the fluorescence recovery protein (FRP). The FRP acts to dissociate the OCP from the phycobilisomes by accelerating the conversion of the active red OCP to the inactive orange form. We have determined the 3D crystal structure of the FRP at 2.5 Å resolution. Remarkably, the FRP is found in two very different conformational and oligomeric states in the same crystal. Based on amino acid conservation analysis, activity assays of FRP mutants, FRP:OCP docking simulations, and coimmunoprecipitation experiments, we conclude that the dimer is the active form. The second form, a tetramer, may be an inactive form of FRP. In addition, we have identified a surface patch of highly conserved residues and shown that those residues are essential to FRP activity.
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27
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Photoprotection in a purple phototrophic bacterium mediated by oxygen-dependent alteration of carotenoid excited-state properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:8570-5. [PMID: 22586075 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1201413109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are known to offer protection against the potentially damaging combination of light and oxygen encountered by purple phototrophic bacteria, but the efficiency of such protection depends on the type of carotenoid. Rhodobacter sphaeroides synthesizes spheroidene as the main carotenoid under anaerobic conditions whereas, in the presence of oxygen, the enzyme spheroidene monooxygenase catalyses the incorporation of a keto group forming spheroidenone. We performed ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy on membranes containing reaction center-light-harvesting 1-PufX (RC-LH1-PufX) complexes and showed that when oxygen is present the incorporation of the keto group into spheroidene, forming spheroidenone, reconfigures the energy transfer pathway in the LH1, but not the LH2, antenna. The spheroidene/spheroidenone transition acts as a molecular switch that is suggested to twist spheroidenone into an s-trans configuration increasing its conjugation length and lowering the energy of the lowest triplet state so it can act as an effective quencher of singlet oxygen. The other consequence of converting carotenoids in RC-LH1-PufX complexes is that S(2)/S(1)/triplet pathways for spheroidene is replaced with a new pathway for spheroidenone involving an activated intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) state. This strategy for RC-LH1-PufX-spheroidenone complexes maintains the light-harvesting cross-section of the antenna by opening an active, ultrafast S(1)/ICT channel for energy transfer to LH1 Bchls while optimizing the triplet energy for singlet oxygen quenching. We propose that spheroidene/spheroidenone switching represents a simple and effective photoprotective mechanism of likely importance for phototrophic bacteria that encounter light and oxygen.
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Berera R, van Stokkum IHM, Gwizdala M, Wilson A, Kirilovsky D, van Grondelle R. The Photophysics of the Orange Carotenoid Protein, a Light-Powered Molecular Switch. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:2568-74. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2108329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rudi Berera
- Division of Physics and Astronomy,
Department of Biophysics, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo H. M. van Stokkum
- Division of Physics and Astronomy,
Department of Biophysics, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Gwizdala
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Institute de Biologie et
Technologie de Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Adjélé Wilson
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Institute de Biologie et
Technologie de Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Diana Kirilovsky
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Institute de Biologie et
Technologie de Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Rienk van Grondelle
- Division of Physics and Astronomy,
Department of Biophysics, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kirilovsky D, Kerfeld CA. The orange carotenoid protein in photoprotection of photosystem II in cyanobacteria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1817:158-66. [PMID: 21565162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photoprotective mechanisms have evolved in photosynthetic organisms to cope with fluctuating light conditions. Under high irradiance, the production of dangerous oxygen species is stimulated and causes photo-oxidative stress. One of these photoprotective mechanisms, non photochemical quenching (qE), decreases the excess absorbed energy arriving at the reaction centers by increasing thermal dissipation at the level of the antenna. In this review we describe results leading to the discovery of this process in cyanobacteria (qE(cya)), which is mechanistically distinct from its counterpart in plants, and recent progress in the elucidation of this mechanism. The cyanobacterial photoactive soluble orange carotenoid protein is essential for the triggering of this photoprotective mechanism. Light induces structural changes in the carotenoid and the protein leading to the formation of a red active form. The activated red form interacts with the phycobilisome, the cyanobacterial light-harvesting antenna, and induces a decrease of the phycobilisome fluorescence emission and of the energy arriving to the reaction centers. The orange carotenoid protein is the first photoactive protein to be identified that contains a carotenoid as the chromophore. Moreover, its photocycle is completely different from those of other photoactive proteins. A second protein, called the Fluorescence Recovery Protein encoded by the slr1964 gene in Synechocystis PCC 6803, plays a key role in dislodging the red orange carotenoid protein from the phycobilisome and in the conversion of the free red orange carotenoid protein to the orange, inactive, form. This protein is essential to recover the full antenna capacity under low light conditions after exposure to high irradiance. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Photosystem II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Kirilovsky
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut de Biologie et Technologies de Saclay (iBiTec-S), France.
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