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Jaiswal A, Singh R. A negative feedback loop underlies the Warburg effect. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2024; 10:55. [PMID: 38789545 PMCID: PMC11126737 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-024-00377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis, or the Warburg effect, is used by cancer cells for proliferation while producing lactate. Although lactate production has wide implications for cancer progression, it is not known how this effect increases cell proliferation and relates to oxidative phosphorylation. Here, we elucidate that a negative feedback loop (NFL) is responsible for the Warburg effect. Further, we show that aerobic glycolysis works as an amplifier of oxidative phosphorylation. On the other hand, quiescence is an important property of cancer stem cells. Based on the NFL, we show that both aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, playing a synergistic role, are required to achieve cell quiescence. Further, our results suggest that the cells in their hypoxic niche are highly proliferative yet close to attaining quiescence by increasing their NADH/NAD+ ratio through the severity of hypoxia. The findings of this study can help in a better understanding of the link among metabolism, cell cycle, carcinogenesis, and stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Jaiswal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Raghvendra Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India.
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2
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Deng Y, Hou Z, Li Y, Yi M, Wu Y, Zheng Y, Yang F, Zhong G, Hao Q, Zhai Z, Wang M, Ma X, Kang H, Ji F, Dong C, Liu H, Dai Z. Superbinder based phosphoproteomic landscape revealed PRKCD_pY313 mediates the activation of Src and p38 MAPK to promote TNBC progression. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:115. [PMID: 38347536 PMCID: PMC10860301 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01487-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation proteomics is the basis for the study of abnormally activated kinase signaling pathways in breast cancer, which facilitates the discovery of new oncogenic agents and drives the discovery of potential targets for early diagnosis and therapy of breast cancer. In this study, we have explored the aberrantly active kinases in breast cancer development and to elucidate the role of PRKCD_pY313 in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) progression. We collected 47 pairs of breast cancer and paired far-cancer normal tissues and analyzed phosphorylated tyrosine (pY) peptides by Superbinder resin and further enriched the phosphorylated serine/threonine (pS/pT) peptides using TiO2 columns. We mapped the kinases activity of different subtypes of breast cancer and identified PRKCD_pY313 was upregulated in TNBC cell lines. Gain-of-function assay revealed that PRKCD_pY313 facilitated the proliferation, enhanced invasion, accelerated metastasis, increased the mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced ROS level of TNBC cell lines, while Y313F mutation and low PRKCD_pY313 reversed these effects. Furthermore, PRKCD_pY313 significantly upregulated Src_pY419 and p38_pT180/pY182, while low PRKCD_pY313 and PRKCD_Y313F had opposite effects. Dasatinib significantly inhibited the growth of PRKCD_pY313 overexpression cells, and this effect could be enhanced by Adezmapimod. In nude mice xenograft model, PRKCD_pY313 significantly promoted tumor progression, accompanied by increased levels of Ki-67, Bcl-xl and Vimentin, and decreased levels of Bad, cleaved caspase 3 and ZO1, which was opposite to the trend of Y313F group. Collectively, the heterogeneity of phosphorylation exists in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer. PRKCD_pY313 activates Src and accelerates TNBC progression, which could be inhibited by Dasatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhanwu Hou
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine & Douglas C. Wallace Institute for Mitochondrial and Epigenetic Information Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yizhen Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine & Douglas C. Wallace Institute for Mitochondrial and Epigenetic Information Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guansheng Zhong
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Hao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Zhai
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaobin Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huafeng Kang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fanpu Ji
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenfang Dong
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Huadong Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine & Douglas C. Wallace Institute for Mitochondrial and Epigenetic Information Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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3
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Koc EC, Hunter CA, Koc H. Phosphorylation of mammalian mitochondrial EF-Tu by Fyn and c-Src kinases. Cell Signal 2023; 101:110524. [PMID: 36379377 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Src Family Kinases (SFKs) are tyrosine kinases known to regulate glucose and fatty acid metabolism as well as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in mammalian mitochondria. We and others discovered the association of the SFK kinases Fyn and c-Src with mitochondrial translation components. This translational system is responsible for the synthesis of 13 mitochondrial (mt)-encoded subunits of the OXPHOS complexes and is, thus, essential for energy generation. Mitochondrial ribosomal proteins and various translation elongation factors including Tu (EF-Tumt) have been identified as possible Fyn and c-Src kinase targets. However, the phosphorylation of specific residues in EF-Tumt by these kinases and their roles in the regulation of protein synthesis are yet to be explored. In this study, we report the association of EF-Tumt with cSrc kinase and mapping of phosphorylated Tyr (pTyr) residues by these kinases. We determined that a specific Tyr residue in EF-Tumt at position 266 (EF-Tumt-Y266), located in a highly conserved c-Src consensus motif is one of the major phosphorylation sites. The potential role of EF-Tumt-Y266 phosphorylation in regulation of mitochondrial translation investigated by site-directed mutagenesis. Its phosphomimetic to Glu residue (EF-Tumt-E266) inhibited ternary complex (EF-Tumt•GTP•aatRNA) formation and translation in vitro. Our findings along with data mining analysis of the c-Src knock out (KO) mice proteome suggest that the SFKs have possible roles for regulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis and oxidative energy metabolism in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine C Koc
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States of America.
| | - Caroline A Hunter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States of America
| | - Hasan Koc
- Department of Pharmacological Science, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States of America.
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4
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Src: coordinating metabolism in cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:4917-4928. [PMID: 36217026 PMCID: PMC9630107 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism must be tightly regulated to fulfil the dynamic requirements of cancer cells during proliferation, migration, stemness and differentiation. Src is a node of several signals involved in many of these biological processes, and it is also an important regulator of cell metabolism. Glucose uptake, glycolysis, the pentose-phosphate pathway and oxidative phosphorylation are among the metabolic pathways that can be regulated by Src. Therefore, this oncoprotein is in an excellent position to coordinate and finely tune cell metabolism to fuel the different cancer cell activities. Here, we provide an up-to-date summary of recent progress made in determining the role of Src in glucose metabolism as well as the link of this role with cancer cell metabolic plasticity and tumour progression. We also discuss the opportunities and challenges facing this field. ![]()
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Zhang Z, Pan J, Cheng D, Shi Y, Wang L, Mi Z, Fu J, Tao H, Fan H. Expression of lactate-related signatures correlates with immunosuppressive microenvironment and prognostic prediction in ewing sarcoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:965126. [PMID: 36092937 PMCID: PMC9448906 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.965126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is an aggressive tumor of bone and soft tissue. Growing evidence indicated lactate as a pivotal mediator of crosstalk between tumor energy metabolism and microenvironmental regulation. However, the contribution of lactate-related genes (LRGs) in EWS is still unclear.Methods: We obtained the transcriptional data of EWS patients from the GEO database and identified differentially expressed-LRGs (DE-LRGs) between EWS patient samples and normal tissues. Unsupervised cluster analysis was utilized to recognize lactate modulation patterns based on the expression profile of DE-LRGs. Functional enrichment including GSEA and GSVA analysis was conducted to identify molecular signaling enriched in different subtypes. ESTIMATE, MCP and CIBERSORT algorithm was used to explore tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) between subtypes with different lactate modulation patterns. Then, lactate prognostic risk signature was built via univariate, LASSO and multivariate Cox analysis. Finally, we performed qPCR analysis to validate candidate gene expression.Result: A total of 35 DE-LRGs were identified and functional enrichment analysis indicated that these LRGs were involved in mitochondrial function. Unsupervised cluster analysis divided EWS patients into two lactate modulation patterns and we revealed that patients with Cluster 1 pattern were linked to poor prognosis and high lactate secretion status. Moreover, TIME analysis indicated that the abundance of multiple immune infiltrating cells were dramatically elevated in Cluster 1 to Cluster 2, including CAFs, endothelial cells, Macrophages M2, etc., which might contribute to immunosuppressive microenvironment. We also noticed that expression of several immune checkpoint proteins were clearly increased in Cluster 1 to Cluster 2. Subsequently, seven genes were screened to construct LRGs prognostic signature and the performance of the resulting signature was validated in the validation cohort. Furthermore, a nomogram integrating LRGs signature and clinical characteristics was developed to predict effectively the 4, 6, and 8-year prognosis of EWS patients.Conclusion: Our study revealed the role of LRGs in immunosuppressive microenvironment and predicting prognosis in EWS and provided a robust tool to predict the prognosis of EWS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xi-jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jingxin Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xi-jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Debin Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xi-jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yubo Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xi-jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xi-jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhenzhou Mi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xi-jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jun Fu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xi-jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huiren Tao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongbin Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xi-jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Hongbin Fan,
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6
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Zhao R, Feng T, Gao L, Sun F, Zhou Q, Wang X, Liu J, Zhang W, Wang M, Xiong X, Jia W, Chen W, Wang L, Han B. PPFIA4 promotes castration-resistant prostate cancer by enhancing mitochondrial metabolism through MTHFD2. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:125. [PMID: 35382861 PMCID: PMC8985307 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02331-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background The development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains a major obstacle in the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). Dysregulated mitochondrial function has been linked to the initiation and progression of diverse human cancers. Deciphering the novel molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial function may provide important insights for developing novel therapeutics for CRPC. Methods We investigate the expression of the protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type F polypeptide interacting protein alpha 4 (PPFIA4) using public datasets and tumor specimens from PCa cases by immunohistochemistry. Gain- and loss-of-function studies are performed in PCa cell lines and mouse models of subcutaneous xenograft to characterize the role of PPFIA4 in CRPC. Gene expression regulation is evaluated by a series of molecular and biochemical experiments in PCa cell lines. The therapeutic effects of methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (MTHFD2) inhibitor combined enzalutamide are assessed using in vitro functional assays and in vivo mouse models. Results We show that the increase of PPFIA4 exacerbates aggressive phenotype resembling CRPC. A fraction of PPFIA4 localizes to mitochondria and interacts with MTHFD2, a key enzyme for one-carbon metabolism. Androgen deprivation increases the translocation of PPFIA4 into mitochondria and increases the interaction between PPFIA4 and MTHFD2, which result in the elevation of tyrosine phosphorylated MTHFD2. Consequently, the levels of NADPH synthesis increase, resulting in protection against androgen deprivation-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as promotion of tumor growth. Clinically, PPFIA4 expression is significantly increased in CRPC tissues compared with localized PCa ones. Importantly, an MTHFD2 inhibitor, DS18561882, combined with enzalutamide can significantly inhibit CRPC cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion Overall, our findings reveal a PPFIA4-MTHFD2 complex in mitochondria that links androgen deprivation to mitochondrial metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction, which suggest a potential strategy to inhibit CRPC progression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02331-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tingting Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Feifei Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qianqian Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Junmei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xueting Xiong
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wenqiao Jia
- Department of Health Management CenterQilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Weiwen Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University; Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Key lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Bo Han
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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7
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Lurette O, Guedouari H, Morris JL, Martín-Jiménez R, Robichaud JP, Hamel-Côté G, Khan M, Dauphinee N, Pichaud N, Prudent J, Hebert-Chatelain E. Mitochondrial matrix-localized Src kinase regulates mitochondrial morphology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:327. [PMID: 35637383 PMCID: PMC9151517 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04325-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The architecture of mitochondria adapts to physiological contexts: while mitochondrial fragmentation is usually associated to quality control and cell death, mitochondrial elongation often enhances cell survival during stress. Understanding how these events are regulated is important to elucidate how mitochondrial dynamics control cell fate. Here, we show that the tyrosine kinase Src regulates mitochondrial morphology. Deletion of Src increased mitochondrial size and reduced cellular respiration independently of mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial membrane potential or ATP levels. Re-expression of Src targeted to the mitochondrial matrix, but not of Src targeted to the plasma membrane, rescued mitochondrial morphology in a kinase activity-dependent manner. These findings highlight a novel function for Src in the control of mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Lurette
- Canada Research Chair in Mitochondrial Signaling and Physiopathology, Moncton, NB Canada ,Department of Biology, University of Moncton, Moncton, NB Canada
| | - Hala Guedouari
- Canada Research Chair in Mitochondrial Signaling and Physiopathology, Moncton, NB Canada ,Department of Biology, University of Moncton, Moncton, NB Canada
| | - Jordan L. Morris
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Rebeca Martín-Jiménez
- Canada Research Chair in Mitochondrial Signaling and Physiopathology, Moncton, NB Canada ,Department of Biology, University of Moncton, Moncton, NB Canada
| | - Julie-Pier Robichaud
- Canada Research Chair in Mitochondrial Signaling and Physiopathology, Moncton, NB Canada ,Department of Biology, University of Moncton, Moncton, NB Canada
| | - Geneviève Hamel-Côté
- Canada Research Chair in Mitochondrial Signaling and Physiopathology, Moncton, NB Canada ,Department of Biology, University of Moncton, Moncton, NB Canada
| | - Mehtab Khan
- Canada Research Chair in Mitochondrial Signaling and Physiopathology, Moncton, NB Canada ,Department of Biology, University of Moncton, Moncton, NB Canada
| | - Nicholas Dauphinee
- Canada Research Chair in Mitochondrial Signaling and Physiopathology, Moncton, NB Canada ,Department of Biology, University of Moncton, Moncton, NB Canada
| | - Nicolas Pichaud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Moncton, Moncton, NB Canada
| | - Julien Prudent
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Etienne Hebert-Chatelain
- Canada Research Chair in Mitochondrial Signaling and Physiopathology, Moncton, NB Canada ,Department of Biology, University of Moncton, Moncton, NB Canada
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8
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Gutiérrez Cortés N, Pertuiset C, Dumon E, Börlin M, Da Costa B, Le Guédard M, Stojkovic T, Loundon N, Rouillon I, Nadjar Y, Letellier T, Jonard L, Marlin S, Rocher C. Mutation m.3395A > G in MT-ND1 leads to variable pathologic manifestations. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:980-989. [PMID: 32011699 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A non-synonymous mtDNA mutation, m.3395A > G, which changes tyrosine in position 30 to cysteine in p.MT-ND1, was found in several patients with a wide range of clinical phenotypes such as deafness, diabetes and cerebellar syndrome but no Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Although this mutation has already been described, its pathogenicity has not been demonstrated. Here, it was found isolated for the first time, allowing a study to investigate its pathogenicity. To do so, we constructed cybrid cell lines and carried out a functional study to assess the possible consequences of the mutation on mitochondrial bioenergetics. Results obtained demonstrated that this mutation causes an important dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain with a decrease in both activity and quantity of complex I due to a diminution of p.MT-ND1 quantity. However, no subcomplexes were found in cybrids carrying the mutation, indicating that the quality of the complex I assembly is not affected. Moreover, based on the crystal structure of p.MT-ND1 and the data found in the literature, we propose a hypothesis for the mechanism of the degradation of p.MT-ND1. Our study provides new insights into the pathophysiology of mitochondrial diseases and in particular of MT-ND1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Gutiérrez Cortés
- INSERM-U688 Physiopathologie Mitochondriale, Université Bordeaux Segalen, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Claire Pertuiset
- INSERM-U688 Physiopathologie Mitochondriale, Université Bordeaux Segalen, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Elodie Dumon
- INSERM-U688 Physiopathologie Mitochondriale, Université Bordeaux Segalen, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marine Börlin
- INSERM-U688 Physiopathologie Mitochondriale, Université Bordeaux Segalen, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Barbara Da Costa
- INSERM-U688 Physiopathologie Mitochondriale, Université Bordeaux Segalen, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marina Le Guédard
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, CNRS UMR 5200, Université de Bordeaux, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, Villenave d'Ornon, France.,LEB Aquitaine Transfert-ADERA, FR-33883 Villenave d'Ornon, Cedex, France
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- APHP, Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Ile de France Nord Est, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Natalie Loundon
- Otorhinolaryngologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Surdités Génétiques, Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Rouillon
- Otorhinolaryngologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Surdités Génétiques, Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Yann Nadjar
- Neurologie, GH Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Thierry Letellier
- Equipe de Médecine Evolutive, AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, 31073 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Jonard
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Marlin
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France.,Centre de Référence des Surdités Génétiques, Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France.,UMR 1163, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut IMAGINE, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Rocher
- INSERM-U688 Physiopathologie Mitochondriale, Université Bordeaux Segalen, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
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9
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Niemi NM, Pagliarini DJ. The extensive and functionally uncharacterized mitochondrial phosphoproteome. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100880. [PMID: 34144036 PMCID: PMC8267538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
More than half a century ago, reversible protein phosphorylation was linked to mitochondrial metabolism through the regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase. Since this discovery, the number of identified mitochondrial protein phosphorylation sites has increased by orders of magnitude, driven largely by technological advances in mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics. However, the majority of these modifications remain uncharacterized, rendering their function and relevance unclear. Nonetheless, recent studies have shown that disruption of resident mitochondrial protein phosphatases causes substantial metabolic dysfunction across organisms, suggesting that proper management of mitochondrial phosphorylation is vital for organellar and organismal homeostasis. While these data suggest that phosphorylation within mitochondria is of critical importance, significant gaps remain in our knowledge of how these modifications influence organellar function. Here, we curate publicly available datasets to map the extent of protein phosphorylation within mammalian mitochondria and to highlight the known functions of mitochondrial-resident phosphatases. We further propose models by which phosphorylation may affect mitochondrial enzyme activities, protein import and processing, and overall organellar homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Niemi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David J Pagliarini
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, and Genetics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Madison-Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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10
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Rosenberger FA, Atanassov I, Moore D, Calvo-Garrido J, Moedas MF, Wedell A, Freyer C, Wredenberg A. Stable Isotope Labeling of Amino Acids in Flies (SILAF) Reveals Differential Phosphorylation of Mitochondrial Proteins Upon Loss of OXPHOS Subunits. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100065. [PMID: 33640490 PMCID: PMC8050774 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster has been a workhorse of genetics and cell biology for more than a century. However, proteomic-based methods have been limited due to the complexity and dynamic range of the fly proteome and the lack of efficient labeling methods. Here, we advanced a chemically defined food source into direct stable-isotope labeling of amino acids in flies (SILAF). It allows for the rapid and cost-efficient generation of a large number of larvae or flies, with full incorporation of lysine-[13C6] after six labeling days. SILAF followed by fractionation and enrichment gave proteomic insights at a depth of 7196 proteins and 8451 phosphorylation sites, which substantiated metabolic regulation on enzymatic level. We applied SILAF to quantify the mitochondrial phosphoproteome of an early-stage leucine-rich PPR motif-containing protein (LRPPRC)-knockdown fly model of mitochondrial disease that almost exclusively affects protein levels of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. While the mitochondrial compartment was hypo-phosphorylated, two conserved phosphosites on OXPHOS subunits NDUFB10 and NDUFA4 were significantly upregulated upon impaired OXPHOS function. The ease and versatility of the method actuate the fruit fly as an appealing model in proteomic and posttranslational modification studies, and it enlarges potential metabolic applications based on heavy amino acid diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian A Rosenberger
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ilian Atanassov
- Proteomics Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.
| | - David Moore
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Javier Calvo-Garrido
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marco F Moedas
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Wedell
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christoph Freyer
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anna Wredenberg
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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11
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Kotrasová V, Keresztesová B, Ondrovičová G, Bauer JA, Havalová H, Pevala V, Kutejová E, Kunová N. Mitochondrial Kinases and the Role of Mitochondrial Protein Phosphorylation in Health and Disease. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020082. [PMID: 33498615 PMCID: PMC7912454 DOI: 10.3390/life11020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The major role of mitochondria is to provide cells with energy, but no less important are their roles in responding to various stress factors and the metabolic changes and pathological processes that might occur inside and outside the cells. The post-translational modification of proteins is a fast and efficient way for cells to adapt to ever changing conditions. Phosphorylation is a post-translational modification that signals these changes and propagates these signals throughout the whole cell, but it also changes the structure, function and interaction of individual proteins. In this review, we summarize the influence of kinases, the proteins responsible for phosphorylation, on mitochondrial biogenesis under various cellular conditions. We focus on their role in keeping mitochondria fully functional in healthy cells and also on the changes in mitochondrial structure and function that occur in pathological processes arising from the phosphorylation of mitochondrial proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kotrasová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Barbora Keresztesová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Ondrovičová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Jacob A. Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Henrieta Havalová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Vladimír Pevala
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Eva Kutejová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Nina Kunová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (N.K.)
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12
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Guedouari H, Ould Amer Y, Pichaud N, Hebert-Chatelain E. Characterization of the interactome of c-Src within the mitochondrial matrix by proximity-dependent biotin identification. Mitochondrion 2021; 57:257-269. [PMID: 33412331 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
C-Src kinase is localized in several subcellular compartments, including mitochondria where it is involved in the regulation of organelle functions and overall metabolism. Surprisingly, the characterization of the intramitochondrial Src interactome has never been fully determined. Using in vitro proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) coupled to mass spectrometry, we identified 51 candidate proteins that may interact directly or indirectly with c-Src within the mitochondrial matrix. Pathway analysis suggests that these proteins are involved in a large array of mitochondrial functions such as protein folding and import, mitochondrial organization and transport, oxidative phosphorylation, tricarboxylic acid cycle and metabolism of amino and fatty acids. Among these proteins, we identified 24 tyrosine phosphorylation sites in 17 mitochondrial proteins (AKAP1, VDAC1, VDAC2, VDAC3, LonP1, Hsp90, SLP2, PHB2, MIC60, UBA1, EF-Tu, LRPPRC, ACO2, OAT, ACAT1, ETFβ and ATP5β) as potential substrates for intramitochondrial Src using in silico prediction of tyrosine phospho-sites. Interaction of c-Src with SLP2 and ATP5β was confirmed using coimmunoprecipitation. This study suggests that the intramitochondrial Src could target several proteins and regulate different mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Guedouari
- Canada Research Chair in Mitochondrial Signaling and Physiopathology, Moncton, NB, Canada; University of Moncton, Dept. of Biology, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Yasmine Ould Amer
- Canada Research Chair in Mitochondrial Signaling and Physiopathology, Moncton, NB, Canada; University of Moncton, Dept. of Biology, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pichaud
- University of Moncton, Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Etienne Hebert-Chatelain
- Canada Research Chair in Mitochondrial Signaling and Physiopathology, Moncton, NB, Canada; University of Moncton, Dept. of Biology, Moncton, NB, Canada.
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13
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Role of tyrosine phosphorylation in modulating cancer cell metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Cirotti C, Contadini C, Barilà D. SRC Kinase in Glioblastoma News from an Old Acquaintance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061558. [PMID: 32545574 PMCID: PMC7352599 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most recalcitrant brain tumors characterized by a tumor microenvironment (TME) that strongly supports GBM growth, aggressiveness, invasiveness, and resistance to therapy. Importantly, a common feature of GBM is the aberrant activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and of their downstream signaling cascade, including the non-receptor tyrosine kinase SRC. SRC is a central downstream intermediate of many RTKs, which triggers the phosphorylation of many substrates, therefore, promoting the regulation of a wide range of different pathways involved in cell survival, adhesion, proliferation, motility, and angiogenesis. In addition to the aforementioned pathways, SRC constitutive activity promotes and sustains inflammation and metabolic reprogramming concurring with TME development, therefore, actively sustaining tumor growth. Here, we aim to provide an updated picture of the molecular pathways that link SRC to these events in GBM. In addition, SRC targeting strategies are discussed in order to highlight strengths and weaknesses of SRC inhibitors in GBM management, focusing our attention on their potentialities in combination with conventional therapeutic approaches (i.e., temozolomide) to ameliorate therapy effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cirotti
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.C.)
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Contadini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.C.)
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Barilà
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.C.)
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-065-0170-3168
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15
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Hunter CA, Koc H, Koc EC. c-Src kinase impairs the expression of mitochondrial OXPHOS complexes in liver cancer. Cell Signal 2020; 72:109651. [PMID: 32335258 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Src family kinases (SFKs) play a crucial role in the regulation of multiple cellular pathways, including mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Aberrant activities of one of the most predominant SFKs, c-Src, was identified as a fundamental cause for dysfunctional cell signaling and implicated in cancer development and metastasis, especially in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent work in our laboratory revealed that c-Src is implicated in the regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism in cancer. In this study, we investigated the effect of c-Src expression on mitochondrial energy metabolism by examining changes in the expression and activities of OXPHOS complexes in liver cancer biopsies and cell lines. An increased expression of c-Src was correlated with an impaired expression of nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded subunits of OXPHOS complexes I and IV, respectively, in metastatic biopsies and cell lines. Additionally, we observed a similar association between high c-Src and reduced OXPHOS complex expression and activity in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cell lines. Interestingly, the inhibition of c-Src kinase activity with the SFK inhibitor PP2 and c-Src siRNA stimulated the expression of complex I and IV subunits and increased their enzymatic activities in both cancer and normal cells. Evidence provided in this study reveals that c-Src impairs the expression and function of mitochondrial OXPHOS complexes, resulting in a significant defect in mitochondrial energy metabolism, which can be a contributing factor to the development and progression of liver cancer. Furthermore, our findings strongly suggest that SFK inhibitors should be used in the treatment of HCC and other cancers with aberrant c-Src kinase activity to improve mitochondrial energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Hunter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Hasan Koc
- Department of Pharmacological Science and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States.
| | - Emine C Koc
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States.
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16
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Intramitochondrial Src kinase links mitochondrial dysfunctions and aggressiveness of breast cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:940. [PMID: 31819039 PMCID: PMC6901437 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2134-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
High levels and activity of Src kinase are common among breast cancer subtypes, and several inhibitors of the kinase are currently tested in clinical trials. Alterations in mitochondrial activity is also observed among the different types of breast cancer. Src kinase is localized in several subcellular compartments, including mitochondria where it targets several proteins to modulate the activity of the organelle. Although the subcellular localization of other oncogenes modulates the potency of known treatments, nothing is known about the specific role of intra-mitochondrial Src (mtSrc) in breast cancer. The aim of this work was to determine whether mtSrc kinase has specific impact on breast cancer cells. We first observed that activity of mtSrc is higher in breast cancer cells of the triple negative subtype. Over-expression of Src specifically targeted to mitochondria reduced mtDNA levels, mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular respiration. These alterations of mitochondrial functions led to lower cellular viability, shorter cell cycle and increased invasive capacity. Proteomic analyses revealed that mtSrc targets the mitochondrial single-stranded DNA-binding protein, a regulator of mtDNA replication. Our findings suggest that mtSrc promotes aggressiveness of breast cancer cells via phosphorylation of mitochondrial single-stranded DNA-binding protein leading to reduced mtDNA levels and mitochondrial activity. This study highlights the importance of considering the subcellular localization of Src kinase in the development of potent therapy for breast cancer.
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17
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Abstract
Determining the topology of the membrane proteome is fundamental for understanding its function at the membrane. However, conventional methods involving test tube reactions often lead to unreliable results, which do not accurately reflect membrane topology under physiological conditions, as perturbations occur during lysis. In this Perspective, we introduce a new method using engineered ascorbate peroxidase (APEX) for revealing membrane topological information in live cells without performing complicated sample preparation. We also discuss several examples of clearly resolved membrane topologies of various important mitochondrial proteins (e.g., LETM1, NDUFB10, MCU, SFXN1, and EXD2) and endoplasmic reticulum proteins (e.g., HMOX1) determined by using APEX-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Mo Yoo
- Department of Chemistry , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Rhee
- Department of Chemistry , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
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18
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Zhang L, Yang Y, Chai L, Bu H, Yang Y, Huang H, Ran J, Zhu Y, Li L, Chen F, Li W. FRK plays an oncogenic role in non-small cell lung cancer by enhancing the stemness phenotype via induction of metabolic reprogramming. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:208-222. [PMID: 31251822 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The role of Fyn-related kinase (FRK) in malignant tumors remains controversial. Our study investigated the function of FRK in lung cancer. Immunohistochemistry staining and generating a knockout of FRK by CRISPR/Cas9 in H1299 (FRK-KO-H1299) cells were strategies used to explore the role of FRK. Immunohistochemistry staining indicated that FRK expression was elevated in 223 lung cancer tissues compared to 26 distant normal lung tissues. FRK contributed to poor survival status in lung cancer patients and acted as a predictor for poor prognosis of lung cancer. Knockout of FRK by CRISPR/Cas9 markedly inhibited proliferation, invasion, colony formation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in the lung cancer cell line H1299. Further exploration indicated that FRK-KO damaged the stemness phenotype of H1299 by inhibiting CD44 and CD133 expression. Seahorse detection and a U-13 C flux assay revealed that FRK-KO induced metabolism reprogramming by inhibiting the Warburg effect and changing the energy type in H1299 cells. Epidermal growth factor stimulation recovered the expression of FRK and biological functions, metabolic reprogramming and stemness phenotype of H1299 cells. FRK plays an oncogenic role in lung cancer cells via a novel regulation mechanism of enhancing the stemness of H1299 cells by inducing metabolism reprogramming, which finally promotes EMT and metastasis. Our study also indicates that FRK could be used as a potential therapeutic target for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Lab of Pathology, Key Lab of Transplantation Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Lab of Pathology, Key Lab of Transplantation Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li Chai
- Research Core Facility, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hong Bu
- Lab of Pathology, Key Lab of Transplantation Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Center of Precision Medicine, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Lab of Pathology, Key Lab of Transplantation Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jingjing Ran
- Lab of Pathology, Key Lab of Transplantation Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yihan Zhu
- Lab of Pathology, Key Lab of Transplantation Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li Li
- Lab of Pathology, Key Lab of Transplantation Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Lab of Pathology, Key Lab of Transplantation Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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19
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An ErbB2/c-Src axis links bioenergetics with PRC2 translation to drive epigenetic reprogramming and mammary tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2901. [PMID: 31263101 PMCID: PMC6603039 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10681-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of histone modifications promotes carcinogenesis by altering transcription. Breast cancers frequently overexpress the histone methyltransferase EZH2, the catalytic subunit of Polycomb Repressor Complex 2 (PRC2). However, the role of EZH2 in this setting is unclear due to the context-dependent functions of PRC2 and the heterogeneity of breast cancer. Moreover, the mechanisms underlying PRC2 overexpression in cancer are obscure. Here, using multiple models of breast cancer driven by the oncogene ErbB2, we show that the tyrosine kinase c-Src links energy sufficiency with PRC2 overexpression via control of mRNA translation. By stimulating mitochondrial ATP production, c-Src suppresses energy stress, permitting sustained activation of the mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), which increases the translation of mRNAs encoding the PRC2 subunits Ezh2 and Suz12. We show that Ezh2 overexpression and activity are pivotal in ErbB2-mediated mammary tumourigenesis. These results reveal the hitherto unknown c-Src/mTORC1/PRC2 axis, which is essential for ErbB2-driven carcinogenesis. Polycomb Repressor Complex 2 (PRC2) is frequently up-regulated in cancers. Here, the authors show that the tyrosine kinase c-Src stimulates mitochondrial function to signal energy sufficiency to mTORC1, increasing translation of the PRC2 subunits EZH2 and SUZ12 to support ErbB2-dependent tumours.
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20
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Mathers KE, Staples JF. Differential posttranslational modification of mitochondrial enzymes corresponds with metabolic suppression during hibernation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 317:R262-R269. [PMID: 31067076 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00052.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During hibernation, small mammals, including the 13-lined ground squirrel (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus), cycle between two distinct metabolic states: torpor, where metabolic rate is suppressed by >95% and body temperature falls to ~5°C, and interbout euthermia (IBE), where both metabolic rate and body temperature rapidly increase to euthermic levels. Suppression of whole animal metabolism during torpor is paralleled by rapid, reversible suppression of mitochondrial respiration. We hypothesized that these changes in mitochondrial metabolism are regulated by posttranslational modifications to mitochondrial proteins. Differential two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and two-dimensional blue-native PAGE revealed differences in the isoelectric point of several liver mitochondrial proteins between torpor and IBE. Quadrupole time-of-flight LC/MS and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization MS identified these as proteins involved in β-oxidation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, reactive oxygen species detoxification, and the electron transport system (ETS). Immunoblots revealed that subunit 1 of ETS complex IV was acetylated during torpor but not IBE. Phosphoprotein staining revealed significantly greater phosphorylation of succinyl-CoA ligase and the flavoprotein subunit of ETS complex II in IBE than torpor. In addition, the 75-kDa subunit of ETS complex I was 1.5-fold more phosphorylated in torpor. In vitro treatment with alkaline phosphatase increased the maximal activity of complex I from liver mitochondria isolated from torpid, but not IBE, animals. By contrast, phosphatase treatment decreased complex II activity in IBE but not torpor. These findings suggest that the rapid changes in mitochondrial metabolism in hibernators are mediated by posttranslational modifications of key metabolic enzymes, perhaps by intramitochondrial kinases and deacetylases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Mathers
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada
| | - James F Staples
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada
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21
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Identification and clinical validation of a multigene assay that interrogates the biology of cancer stem cells and predicts metastasis in breast cancer: A retrospective consecutive study. EBioMedicine 2019; 42:352-362. [PMID: 30846393 PMCID: PMC6491379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancers show variations in the number and biological aggressiveness of cancer stem cells that correlate with their clinico-prognostic and molecular heterogeneity. Thus, prognostic stratification of breast cancers based on cancer stem cells might help guide patient management. Methods We derived a 20-gene stem cell signature from the transcriptional profile of normal mammary stem cells, capable of identifying breast cancers with a homogeneous profile and poor prognosis in in silico analyses. The clinical value of this signature was assessed in a prospective-retrospective cohort of 2, 453 breast cancer patients. Models for predicting individual risk of metastasis were developed from expression data of the 20 genes in patients randomly assigned to a training set, using the ridge-penalized Cox regression, and tested in an independent validation set. Findings Analyses revealed that the 20-gene stem cell signature provided prognostic information in Triple-Negative and Luminal breast cancer patients, independently of standard clinicopathological parameters. Through functional studies in individual tumours, we correlated the risk score assigned by the signature with the proliferative and self-renewal potential of the cancer stem cell population. By retraining the 20-gene signature in Luminal patients, we derived the risk model, StemPrintER, which predicted early and late recurrence independently of standard prognostic factors. Interpretation Our findings indicate that the 20-gene stem cell signature, by its unique ability to interrogate the biology of cancer stem cells of the primary tumour, provides a reliable estimate of metastatic risk in Triple-Negative and Luminal breast cancer patients independently of standard clinicopathological parameters.
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22
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Zhai Y, Wei R, Liu J, Wang H, Cai W, Zhao M, Hu Y, Wang S, Yang T, Liu X, Yang J, Liu S. Drug-induced premature senescence model in human dental follicle stem cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:7276-7293. [PMID: 28030852 PMCID: PMC5352320 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is identified by a progressive decline of physiological integrity leading to age-related degenerative diseases, but its causes is unclear. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) has a remarkable rejuvenated capacity that relies on its resident stem cells. However, because of the lack of proper senescence models, exploration of the underlying molecular mechanisms has been hindered. Here, we established a cellular model utilizing a hydroxyurea (HU) treatment protocol and effectively induced Human dental pulp stem cells to undergo cellular senescence. Age-related phenotypic changes were identified by augmented senescence-associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining, declined proliferation and differentiation capacity, elevated G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, increased apoptosis and reactive oxygen species levels. Furthermore, we tested the expression of key genes in various DNA repair pathways including nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR) pathways. In addition, our results showed that Dental pulp stem cells from young donors are more resistant to apoptosis and exhibit increased non-homologous end joining activity compared to old donors. Further transcriptome analysis demonstrate that multiple pathways are involved in the HU-induced Dental pulp stem cells ageing, including genes associated with DNA damage and repair, mitochondrial dysfunction and increased reactive oxygen species levels. Taken together, the cellular model have important implications for understanding the molecular exploration of Dental pulp stem cells senescence and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfen Zhai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Rongbin Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Junjun Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wenping Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yongguang Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shuwei Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Tianshu Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shangfeng Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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23
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Tian R, Xu S, Chai S, Yin D, Zakon H, Yang G. Stronger selective constraint on downstream genes in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway of cetaceans. J Evol Biol 2017; 31:217-228. [PMID: 29172233 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway is an efficient way to produce energy via adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is critical for sustaining an energy supply for cetaceans in a hypoxic environment. Several studies have shown that natural selection may shape the evolution of the genes involved in OXPHOS. However, how network architecture drives OXPHOS protein sequence evolution remains poorly explored. Here, we investigated the evolutionary patterns of genes in the OXPHOS pathway across six cetacean genomes within the framework of a functional network. Our results show a negative correlation between the strength of purifying selection and pathway position. This result indicates that downstream genes were subjected to stronger evolutionary constraints than upstream genes, which may be due to the dual function of ATP synthase in the OXPHOS pathway. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between codon usage bias and omega (ω = dN/dS) and a negative correlation with synonymous substitution rate (dS), indicating that the stronger selective constraint on genes (with less biased codon usage) along the OXPHOS pathway is attributable to an increase in the rate of synonymous substitution. Surprisingly, there was no significant correlation between protein-protein interactions and the evolutionary estimates, implying that highly connected enzymes may not always show greater evolutionary constraints. Compared with that observed for terrestrial mammals, we found that the signature of positive selection detected in five genes (ATP5J, LHPP, PPA1, UQCRC1 and UQCRQ) was cetacean-specific, reflecting the importance of OXPHOS for survival in hypoxic, aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - S Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - S Chai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - D Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - H Zakon
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - G Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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24
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Melser S, Pagano Zottola AC, Serrat R, Puente N, Grandes P, Marsicano G, Hebert-Chatelain E. Functional Analysis of Mitochondrial CB1 Cannabinoid Receptors (mtCB1) in the Brain. Methods Enzymol 2017; 593:143-174. [PMID: 28750801 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that, besides its canonical localization at cell plasma membranes, the type-1 cannabinoid receptor, CB1 is functionally present at brain and muscle mitochondrial membranes (mtCB1). Through mtCB1 receptors, cannabinoids can directly regulate intramitochondrial signaling and respiration. This new and surprising discovery paves the way to new potential fields of research, dealing with the direct impact of G protein-coupled receptors on bioenergetic processes and its functional implications. In this chapter, we summarize some key experimental approaches established in our laboratories to identify anatomical, biochemical, and functional features of mtCB1 receptors in the brain. In particular, we describe the procedures to obtain reliable and controlled detection of mtCB1 receptors by immunogold electromicroscopy and by immunoblotting methods. Then, we address the study of direct cannabinoid effects on the electron transport system and oxidative phosphorylation. Finally, we present a functional example of the impact of mtCB1 receptors on mitochondrial mobility in cultured neurons. Considering the youth of the field, these methodological approaches will very likely be improved and refined in the future, but this chapter aims at presenting the methods that are currently used and, in particular, at underlining the need of rigorous controls to obtain reliable results. We hope that this chapter might help scientists becoming interested in this new and exciting field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Melser
- INSERM U1215, NeuroCentre Magendie, Team "Endocannabinoids and Neuroadaptation", Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Antonio C Pagano Zottola
- INSERM U1215, NeuroCentre Magendie, Team "Endocannabinoids and Neuroadaptation", Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Roman Serrat
- INSERM U1215, NeuroCentre Magendie, Team "Endocannabinoids and Neuroadaptation", Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nagore Puente
- Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Pedro Grandes
- Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain; University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- INSERM U1215, NeuroCentre Magendie, Team "Endocannabinoids and Neuroadaptation", Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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25
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Lee SY, Kang MG, Shin S, Kwak C, Kwon T, Seo JK, Kim JS, Rhee HW. Architecture Mapping of the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Proteome by Chemical Tools in Live Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:3651-3662. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sanghee Shin
- Center
for RNA Research, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Korea
- School
of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Jong-Seo Kim
- Center
for RNA Research, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Korea
- School
of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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26
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Friederich MW, Erdogan AJ, Coughlin CR, Elos MT, Jiang H, O’Rourke CP, Lovell MA, Wartchow E, Gowan K, Chatfield KC, Chick WS, Spector EB, Van Hove JL, Riemer J. Mutations in the accessory subunit NDUFB10 result in isolated complex I deficiency and illustrate the critical role of intermembrane space import for complex I holoenzyme assembly. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:702-716. [PMID: 28040730 PMCID: PMC6251674 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An infant presented with fatal infantile lactic acidosis and cardiomyopathy, and was found to have profoundly decreased activity of respiratory chain complex I in muscle, heart and liver. Exome sequencing revealed compound heterozygous mutations in NDUFB10, which encodes an accessory subunit located within the PD part of complex I. One mutation resulted in a premature stop codon and absent protein, while the second mutation replaced the highly conserved cysteine 107 with a serine residue. Protein expression of NDUFB10 was decreased in muscle and heart, and less so in the liver and fibroblasts, resulting in the perturbed assembly of the holoenzyme at the 830 kDa stage. NDUFB10 was identified together with three other complex I subunits as a substrate of the intermembrane space oxidoreductase CHCHD4 (also known as Mia40). We found that during its mitochondrial import and maturation NDUFB10 transiently interacts with CHCHD4 and acquires disulfide bonds. The mutation of cysteine residue 107 in NDUFB10 impaired oxidation and efficient mitochondrial accumulation of the protein and resulted in degradation of non-imported precursors. Our findings indicate that mutations in NDUFB10 are a novel cause of complex I deficiency associated with a late stage assembly defect and emphasize the role of intermembrane space proteins for the efficient assembly of complex I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa W. Friederich
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alican J. Erdogan
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Curtis R. Coughlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mihret T. Elos
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Courtney P. O’Rourke
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mark A. Lovell
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Eric Wartchow
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katherine Gowan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kathryn C. Chatfield
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Cardiology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Wallace S. Chick
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Elaine B. Spector
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Johan L.K. Van Hove
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jan Riemer
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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27
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Fyn kinase regulates translation in mammalian mitochondria. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:533-540. [PMID: 27940153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial translation machinery solely exists for the synthesis of 13 mitochondrially-encoded subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes in mammals. Therefore, it plays a critical role in mitochondrial energy production. However, regulation of the mitochondrial translation machinery is still poorly understood. In comprehensive proteomics studies with normal and diseased tissues and cell lines, we and others have found the majority of mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (MRPs) to be phosphorylated. Neither the kinases for these phosphorylation events nor their specific roles in mitochondrial translation are known. METHODS Mitochondrial kinases are responsible for phosphorylation of MRPs enriched from bovine mitoplasts by strong cation-exchange chromatography and identified by mass spectrometry-based proteomics analyses of kinase rich fractions. Phosphorylation of recombinant MRPs and 55S ribosomes was assessed by in vitro phosphorylation assays using the kinase-rich fractions. The effect of identified kinase on OXPHOS and mitochondrial translation was assessed by various cell biological and immunoblotting approaches. RESULTS Here, we provide the first evidence for the association of Fyn kinase, a Src family kinase, with mitochondrial translation components and its involvement in phosphorylation of 55S ribosomal proteins in vitro. Modulation of Fyn expression in human cell lines has provided a link between mitochondrial translation and energy metabolism, which was evident by the changes in 13 mitochondrially encoded subunits of OXPHOS complexes. CONCLUSIONS AND GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that Fyn kinase is part of a complex mechanism that regulates protein synthesis and OXPHOS possibly by tyrosine phosphorylation of translation components in mammalian mitochondria.
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28
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Stram AR, Payne RM. Post-translational modifications in mitochondria: protein signaling in the powerhouse. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4063-73. [PMID: 27233499 PMCID: PMC5045789 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2280-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
There is an intimate interplay between cellular metabolism and the pathophysiology of disease. Mitochondria are essential to maintaining and regulating metabolic function of cells and organs. Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in diverse diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and metabolic syndrome, neurodegeneration, cancer, and aging. Multiple reversible post-translational protein modifications are located in the mitochondria that are responsive to nutrient availability and redox conditions, and which can act in protein-protein interactions to modify diverse mitochondrial functions. Included in this are physiologic redox signaling via reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, phosphorylation, O-GlcNAcylation, acetylation, and succinylation, among others. With the advent of mass proteomic screening techniques, there has been a vast increase in the array of known mitochondrial post-translational modifications and their protein targets. The functional significance of these processes in disease etiology, and the pathologic response to their disruption, are still under investigation. However, many of these reversible modifications act as regulatory mechanisms in mitochondria and show promise for mitochondrial-targeted therapeutic strategies. This review addresses the current knowledge of post-translational processing and signaling mechanisms in mitochondria, and their implications in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Stram
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St., Room R4-302b, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - R Mark Payne
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St., Room R4-302b, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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29
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Regulation of mitochondrial functions by protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Cell Biosci 2016; 6:25. [PMID: 27087918 PMCID: PMC4832502 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-016-0089-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondria are double membrane-bound organelles found in most eukaryotic cells. They generate most of the cell’s energy supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are critical mechanisms in the regulation of cell signaling networks and are essential for almost all the cellular functions. For many decades, mitochondria were considered autonomous organelles merely functioning to generate energy for cells to survive and proliferate, and were thought to be independent of the cellular signaling networks. Consequently, phosphorylation and dephosphorylation processes of mitochondrial kinases and phosphatases were largely neglected. However, evidence accumulated in recent years on mitochondria-localized kinases/phosphatases has changed this longstanding view. Mitochondria are increasingly recognized as a hub for cell signaling, and many kinases and phosphatases have been reported to localize in mitochondria and play important functions. However, the strength of the evidence on mitochondrial localization and the activities of the reported kinases and phosphatases vary greatly, and the detailed mechanisms on how these kinases/phosphatases translocate to mitochondria, their subsequent function, and the physiological and pathological implications of their localization are still poorly understood. Here, we provide an updated perspective on the recent advancement in this area, with an emphasis on the implications of mitochondrial kinases/phosphatases in cancer and several other diseases.
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30
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Zhang Y, Cai Q, Shu XO, Gao YT, Li C, Zheng W, Long J. Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifies Novel Somatic Mutations in Chinese Breast Cancer Patients. J Mol Genet Med 2015; 9. [PMID: 26870154 PMCID: PMC4747093 DOI: 10.4172/1747-0862.1000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Most breast cancer genomes harbor complex mutational landscapes. Somatic alterations have been predominantly discovered in breast cancer patients of European ancestry; however, little is known about somatic aberration in patients of other ethnic groups including Asians. In the present study, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was conducted in DNA extracted from tumor and matched adjacent normal tissue samples from eleven early onset breast cancer patients who were included in the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study. We discovered 159 somatic missense and ten nonsense mutations distributed among 167 genes. The most frequent 50 somatic mutations identified by WES were selected for validation using Sequenom MassARRAY system in the eleven breast cancer patients and an additional 433 tumor and 921 normal tissue/blood samples from the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study. Among these 50 mutations selected for validation, 32 were technically validated. Within the validated mutations, somatic mutations in the TRPM6, HYDIN, ENTHD1, and NDUFB10 genes were found in two or more tumor samples in the replication stage. Mutations in the ADRA1B, CBFB, KIAA2022, and RBM25 genes were observed once in the replication stage. To summarize, this study identified some novel somatic mutations for breast cancer. Future studies will need to be conducted to determine the function of these mutations/genes in the breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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31
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Cai Q, Xu Y. The microenvironment reprograms circuits in tumor cells. Mol Cell Oncol 2015; 2:e969634. [PMID: 27308400 PMCID: PMC4905232 DOI: 10.4161/23723548.2014.969634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the course of multistep oncogenesis, initially normal cells acquire several new functions that render them malignant. We have recently demonstrated that the peritoneal microenvironment promotes resistance to anoikis in ovarian cancer cells by reprogramming SRC/AKT/ERK signaling and metabolism. These findings have prognostic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Cai
- Department of Ob/GYN; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Ob/GYN; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis, IN USA
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32
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Hofer A, Wenz T. Post-translational modification of mitochondria as a novel mode of regulation. Exp Gerontol 2014; 56:202-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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33
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Zang Q, Wolf SE, Minei JP. Sepsis-induced Cardiac Mitochondrial Damage and Potential Therapeutic Interventions in the Elderly. Aging Dis 2014; 5:137-49. [PMID: 24729939 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2014.0500137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of sepsis and its attendant mortality risk are significantly increased with aging. Thus, severe sepsis in the elderly is likely to become an emerging concern in critical care units. Cardiac dysfunction is an important component of multi-organ failure after sepsis. In our laboratory, utilizing a pneumonia-related sepsis animal model, our research has been focused on the mechanisms underlying sepsis-induced cardiac failure. In this review, based on findings from others and ours, we discussed age-dependent decay in mitochondria and the role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) in sepsis-induced cardiac inflammation and autophagy. Our recent discovery of a potential signal transduction pathway that triggers myocardial mitochondrial damage is also discussed. Because of the significance of mitochondria damage in the aging process and in sepsis pathogenesis, we hypothesize that specific enhancing mitochondrial antioxidant defense by mitochondria-targeted antioxidants (MTAs) may provide important therapeutic potential in treating elder sepsis patients. In this review, we summarized the categories of currently published MTA molecules and the results of preclinical evaluation of MTAs in sepsis and aging models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven E Wolf
- Departments of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Joseph P Minei
- Departments of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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34
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Dong CM, Wang XL, Wang GM, Zhang WJ, Zhu L, Gao S, Yang DJ, Qin Y, Liang QJ, Chen YL, Deng HT, Ning K, Liang AB, Gao ZL, Xu J. A stress-induced cellular aging model with postnatal neural stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1116. [PMID: 24625975 PMCID: PMC3973228 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aging refers to the physical and functional decline of the tissues over time that often leads to age-related degenerative diseases. Accumulating evidence implicates that the senescence of neural stem cells (NSCs) is of paramount importance to the aging of central neural system (CNS). However, exploration of the underlying molecular mechanisms has been hindered by the lack of proper aging models to allow the mechanistic examination within a reasonable time window. In the present study, we have utilized a hydroxyurea (HU) treatment protocol and effectively induced postnatal subventricle NSCs to undergo cellular senescence as determined by augmented senescence-associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining, decreased proliferation and differentiation capacity, increased G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and diminished apoptosis. These phenotypic changes were accompanied by a significant increase in p16, p21 and p53 expression, as well as a decreased expression of key proteins in various DNA repair pathways such as xrcc2, xrcc3 and ku70. Further proteomic analysis suggests that multiple pathways are involved in the HU-induced NSC senescence, including genes related to DNA damage and repair, mitochondrial dysfunction and the increase of ROS level. Intriguingly, compensatory mechanisms may have also been initiated to interfere with apoptotic signaling pathways and to minimize the cell death by downregulating Bcl2-associated X protein (BAX) expression. Taken together, we have successfully established a cellular model that will be of broad utilities to the molecular exploration of NSC senescence and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-M Dong
- 1] East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, People's Republic of China [2] Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China [3] Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - X-L Wang
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, People's Republic of China
| | - G-M Wang
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, People's Republic of China
| | - W-J Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - L Zhu
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, People's Republic of China
| | - S Gao
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, People's Republic of China
| | - D-J Yang
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Qin
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, People's Republic of China
| | - Q-J Liang
- 1] Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China [2] Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Y-L Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - H-T Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - K Ning
- 1] East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, People's Republic of China [2] Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - A-B Liang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Z-L Gao
- 1] Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China [2] Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - J Xu
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, People's Republic of China
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Landry MC, Champagne C, Boulanger MC, Jetté A, Fuchs M, Dziengelewski C, Lavoie JN. A functional interplay between the small GTPase Rab11a and mitochondria-shaping proteins regulates mitochondrial positioning and polarization of the actin cytoskeleton downstream of Src family kinases. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:2230-49. [PMID: 24302731 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.516351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is believed that mitochondrial dynamics is coordinated with endosomal traffic rates during cytoskeletal remodeling, but the mechanisms involved are largely unknown. The adenovirus early region 4 ORF4 protein (E4orf4) subverts signaling by Src family kinases (SFK) to perturb cellular morphology, membrane traffic, and organellar dynamics and to trigger cell death. Using E4orf4 as a model, we uncovered a functional connection between mitochondria-shaping proteins and the small GTPase Rab11a, a key regulator of polarized transport via recycling endosomes. We found that E4orf4 induced dramatic changes in the morphology of mitochondria along with their mobilization at the vicinity of a polarized actin network typifying E4orf4 action, in a manner controlled by SFK and Rab11a. Mitochondrial remodeling was associated with increased proximity between Rab11a and mitochondrial membranes, changes in fusion-fission dynamics, and mitochondrial relocalization of the fission factor dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), which was regulated by the Rab11a effector protein FIP1/RCP. Knockdown of FIP1/RCP or inhibition of Drp1 markedly impaired mitochondrial remodeling and actin assembly, involving Rab11a-mediated mitochondrial dynamics in E4orf4-induced signaling. A similar mobilization of mitochondria near actin-rich structures was mediated by Rab11 and Drp1 in viral Src-transformed cells and contributed to the biogenesis of podosome rosettes. These findings suggest a role for Rab11a in the trafficking of Drp1 to mitochondria upon SFK activation and unravel a novel functional interplay between Rab11a and mitochondria during reshaping of the cell cytoskeleton, which would facilitate mitochondria redistribution near energy-requiring actin-rich structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Landry
- From the Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Axe Oncologie, Québec G1R 3S3 and
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Abstract
Mitochondrial complex I has a molecular mass of almost 1 MDa and comprises more than 40 polypeptides. Fourteen central subunits harbour the bioenergetic core functions. We are only beginning to understand the significance of the numerous accessory subunits. The present review addresses the role of accessory subunits for assembly, stability and regulation of complex I and for cellular functions not directly associated with redox-linked proton translocation.
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Cellular functions regulated by phosphorylation of EGFR on Tyr845. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:10761-90. [PMID: 23702846 PMCID: PMC3709701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140610761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Src gene product (Src) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are prototypes of oncogene products and function primarily as a cytoplasmic non-receptor tyrosine kinase and a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase, respectively. The identification of Src and EGFR, and the subsequent extensive investigations of these proteins have long provided cutting edge research in cancer and other molecular and cellular biological studies. In 1995, we reported that the human epidermoid carcinoma cells, A431, contain a small fraction of Src and EGFR in which these two kinase were in physical association with each other, and that Src phosphorylates EGFR on tyrosine 845 (Y845) in the Src-EGFR complex. Y845 of EGFR is located in the activation segment of the kinase domain, where many protein kinases contain kinase-activating autophosphorylation sites (e.g., cAMP-dependent protein kinase, Src family kinases, transmembrane receptor type tyrosine kinases) or trans-phosphorylation sites (e.g., cyclin-dependent protein kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, Akt protein kinase). A number of studies have demonstrated that Y845 phosphorylation serves an important role in cancer as well as normal cells. Here we compile the experimental facts involving Src phosphorylation of EGFR on Y845, by which cell proliferation, cell cycle control, mitochondrial regulation of cell metabolism, gamete activation and other cellular functions are regulated. We also discuss the physiological relevance, as well as structural insights of the Y845 phosphorylation.
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Zhang G, Yang P, Guo P, Miele L, Sarkar FH, Wang Z, Zhou Q. Unraveling the mystery of cancer metabolism in the genesis of tumor-initiating cells and development of cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1836:49-59. [PMID: 23523716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Robust anaerobic metabolism plays a causative role in the origin of cancer cells; however, the oncogenic metabolic genes, factors, pathways, and networks in genesis of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) have not yet been systematically summarized. In addition, the mechanisms of oncogenic metabolism in the genesis of TICs are enigmatic. In this review, we discussed multiple cancer metabolism-related genes (MRGs) that are overexpressed in TICs and are responsible for inducing pluripotent stem cells. Moreover, we summarized that oncogenic metabolic genes and onco-metabolites induce metabolic reprogramming, which switches normal mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to cancer anaerobic metabolism, triggers epigenetic, genetic, and environmental alterations, drives the generation of TICs, and boosts the development of cancer. Importantly, cancer metabolism is controlled by positive and negative metabolic regulators. Positive oncogenic metabolic regulators, including key oncogenic metabolic genes, onco-metabolites, hypoxia, and an acidic environment, promote oncogenic metabolic reprogramming and anaerobic metabolism. However, dysfunction of negative metabolic regulators, including defects in p53, PTEN, and LKB1-AMPK-mTOR pathways, enhances cancer metabolism. Loss of the metabolic balance results in oncogenic metabolic reprogramming, genesis of TICs, and tumorigenesis. Collectively, this review provides new insight into the role and mechanism of these oncogenic metabolisms in the genesis of TICs and tumorigenesis. Accordingly, targeting key oncogenic genes, onco-metabolites, pathways, networks, and the acidic cancer microenvironment appears to be an attractive strategy for novel anti-tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaochuan Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
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Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) sustains organelle function and plays a central role in cellular energy metabolism. The OXPHOS system consists of 5 multisubunit complexes (CI-CV) that are built up of 92 different structural proteins encoded by the nuclear (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Biogenesis of a functional OXPHOS system further requires the assistance of nDNA-encoded OXPHOS assembly factors, of which 35 are currently identified. In humans, mutations in both structural and assembly genes and in genes involved in mtDNA maintenance, replication, transcription, and translation induce 'primary' OXPHOS disorders that are associated with neurodegenerative diseases including Leigh syndrome (LS), which is probably the most classical OXPHOS disease during early childhood. Here, we present the current insights regarding function, biogenesis, regulation, and supramolecular architecture of the OXPHOS system, as well as its genetic origin. Next, we provide an inventory of OXPHOS structural and assembly genes which, when mutated, induce human neurodegenerative disorders. Finally, we discuss the consequences of mutations in OXPHOS structural and assembly genes at the single cell level and how this information has advanced our understanding of the role of OXPHOS dysfunction in neurodegeneration.
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Ogura M, Yamaki J, Homma M, Homma Y. Mitochondrial c-Src regulates cell survival through phosphorylation of respiratory chain components. Biochem J 2012; 447:281-9. [PMID: 22823520 PMCID: PMC3459221 DOI: 10.1042/bj20120509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial protein tyrosine phosphorylation is an important mechanism for the modulation of mitochondrial functions. In the present study, we have identified novel substrates of c-Src in mitochondria and investigated their function in the regulation of oxidative phosphorylation. The Src family kinase inhibitor PP2 {amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl) pyrazolo [3,4d] pyrimidine} exhibits significant reduction of respiration. Similar results were obtained from cells expressing kinase-dead c-Src, which harbours a mitochondrial-targeting sequence. Phosphorylation-site analysis selects c-Src targets, including NDUFV2 (NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2) at Tyr(193) of respiratory complex I and SDHA (succinate dehydrogenase A) at Tyr(215) of complex II. The phosphorylation of these sites by c-Src is supported by an in vivo assay using cells expressing their phosphorylation-defective mutants. Comparison of cells expressing wild-type proteins and their mutants reveals that NDUFV2 phosphorylation is required for NADH dehydrogenase activity, affecting respiration activity and cellular ATP content. SDHA phosphorylation shows no effect on enzyme activity, but perturbed electron transfer, which induces reactive oxygen species. Loss of viability is observed in T98G cells and the primary neurons expressing these mutants. These results suggest that mitochondrial c-Src regulates the oxidative phosphorylation system by phosphorylating respiratory components and that c-Src activity is essential for cell viability.
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Key Words
- cell death
- energy metabolism
- mitochondrion
- src
- tyrosine kinase
- reactive oxygen species (ros)
- ant, adenine nucleotide translocase
- bn, blue native
- ca, constitutive-active
- cox, cytochrome c oxidase
- csk, c-terminal src kinase
- ddm, n-dodecyl-β-d-maltoside
- 2-de, two-dimensional page
- he, hydroethidine
- hek, human embryonic kidney
- ipg, immobilized ph gradient
- kd, kinase-dead
- ldh, lactate dehydrogenase
- mab, monoclonal antibody
- map2, microtubule-associated protein 2
- mts, mitochondria-targeting sequence
- nbt, nitro blue tetrazolium
- ndufb10, nadh dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1β subcomplex subunit 10
- ndufv2, nadh dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2
- pi, propidium iodide
- pms, phenazine methosulfate
- pp2, amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl) pyrazolo [3,4d] pyrimidine
- ros, reactive oxygen species
- sdha, succinate dehydrogenase a
- sfk, src family kinase
- ucp, uncoupling protein
- vlcad, very long chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase
- wt, wild-type
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Ogura
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Junko Yamaki
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Miwako K. Homma
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Homma
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
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Zang QS, Martinez B, Yao X, Maass DL, Ma L, Wolf SE, Minei JP. Sepsis-induced cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction involves altered mitochondrial-localization of tyrosine kinase Src and tyrosine phosphatase SHP2. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43424. [PMID: 22952679 PMCID: PMC3428365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous research demonstrated that sepsis produces mitochondrial dysfunction with increased mitochondrial oxidative stress in the heart. The present study investigated the role of mitochondria-localized signaling molecules, tyrosine kinase Src and tyrosine phosphatase SHP2, in sepsis-induced cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction using a rat pneumonia-related sepsis model. SD rats were given an intratracheal injection of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 4×10(6) CFU per rat, (or vehicle for shams); heart tissues were then harvested and subcellular fractions were prepared. By Western blot, we detected a gradual and significant decrease in Src and an increase in SHP2 in cardiac mitochondria within 24 hours post-inoculation. Furthermore, at 24 hours post-inoculation, sepsis caused a near 70% reduction in tyrosine phosphorylation of all cardiac mitochondrial proteins. Decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of certain mitochondrial structural proteins (porin, cyclophilin D and cytochrome C) and functional proteins (complex II subunit 30kD and complex I subunit NDUFB8) were evident in the hearts of septic rats. In vitro, pre-treatment of mitochondrial fractions with recombinant active Src kinase elevated OXPHOS complex I and II-III activity, whereas the effect of SHP2 phosphatase was opposite. Neither Src nor SHP2 affected complex IV and V activity under the same conditions. By immunoprecipitation, we showed that Src and SHP2 consistently interacted with complex I and III in the heart, suggesting that complex I and III contain putative substrates of Src and SHP2. In addition, in vitro treatment of mitochondrial fractions with active Src suppressed sepsis-associated mtROS production and protected aconitase activity, an indirect marker of mitochondrial oxidative stress. On the contrary, active SHP2 phosphatase overproduced mtROS and deactivated aconitase under the same in vitro conditions. In conclusion, our data suggest that changes in mitochondria-localized signaling molecules Src and SHP2 constitute a potential signaling pathway to affect mitochondrial dysfunction in the heart during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun S Zang
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America.
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Hebert-Chatelain E. Src kinases are important regulators of mitochondrial functions. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 45:90-8. [PMID: 22951354 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria produce the most part of the energy used by the cells. This energetic production occurs through the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process. Mitochondrial functions such as OXPHOS need to be tightly regulated to respect the needs of cells. Phosphorylation of mitochondrial proteins now appears as a major regulation pathway of mitochondrial functions. Several kinases and phosphatases are specifically targeted to mitochondria where they modulate mitochondrial functions. However, we still poorly understand the extent of tyrosine phosphorylation events on mitochondrial metabolism. Among the tyrosine-kinases observed in mitochondria, Src kinases emerge as key players. In the past years, several mitochondrial proteins were shown to be substrates of Src kinases. Notably, these kinases can impact greatly OXPHOS and apoptosis. Important regulators of Src kinases activity are also observed in mitochondria. The aim of this review is to summarize the recent findings on how overall mitochondrial tyrosine phosphorylation events and more specifically Src kinases can influence mitochondrial functions. The different mechanisms of Src kinases regulation and translocation into mitochondria will be also discussed. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Bioenergetic dysfunction, adaptation and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Hebert-Chatelain
- INSERM-U688 Physiopathologie Mitochondriale, Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux 33076, France.
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