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Alfandari A, Moskovich D, Weisz A, Katzav A, Kidron D, Beiner M, Josephy D, Asali A, Hants Y, Yagur Y, Weitzner O, Ellis M, Itchaki G, Ashur-Fabian O. The selenoenzyme type I iodothyronine deiodinase: a new tumor suppressor in ovarian cancer. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38429887 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The selenoenzyme type I iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO1) catalyzes removal of iodine atoms from thyroid hormones. Although DIO1 action is reported to be disturbed in several malignancies, no work has been conducted in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC), the most lethal gynecologic cancer. We studied DIO1 expression in HGSOC patients [The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data and tumor tissues], human cell lines (ES-2 and Kuramochi), normal Chinese hamster ovarian cells (CHO-K1), and normal human fallopian tube cells (FT282 and FT109). To study its functional role, DIO1 was overexpressed, inhibited [by propylthiouracil (PTU)], or knocked down (KD), and cell count, proliferation, apoptosis, cell viability, and proteomics analysis were performed. Lower DIO1 levels were observed in HGSOC compared to normal cells and tissues. TCGA analyses confirmed that low DIO1 mRNA expression correlated with worse survival and therapy resistance in patients. Silencing or inhibiting the enzyme led to enhanced ovarian cancer proliferation, while an opposite effect was shown following DIO1 ectopic expression. Proteomics analysis in DIO1-KD cells revealed global changes in proteins that facilitate tumor metabolism and progression. In conclusion, DIO1 expression and ovarian cancer progression are inversely correlated, highlighting a tumor suppressive role for this enzyme and its potential use as a biomarker in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Alfandari
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Hematology Institute, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Dotan Moskovich
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Hematology Institute, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Avivit Weisz
- Department of Pathology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Aviva Katzav
- Department of Pathology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Debora Kidron
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
- Department of Pathology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Mario Beiner
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Dana Josephy
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Aula Asali
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Yael Hants
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Yael Yagur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Omer Weitzner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Martin Ellis
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Hematology Institute, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Gilad Itchaki
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Hematology Institute, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Osnat Ashur-Fabian
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Hematology Institute, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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Serra M, Pal R, Puliga E, Sulas P, Cabras L, Cusano R, Giordano S, Perra A, Columbano A, Kowalik MA. mRNA-miRNA networks identify metabolic pathways associated to the anti-tumorigenic effect of thyroid hormone on preneoplastic nodules and hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:941552. [PMID: 36203462 PMCID: PMC9530455 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.941552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid hormones (THs) inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through different mechanisms. However, whether microRNAs play a role in the antitumorigenic effect of THs remains unknown. Methods By next generation sequencing (NGS) we performed a comprehensive comparative miRNomic and transcriptomic analysis of rat hepatic preneoplastic lesions exposed or not to a short-term treatment with triiodothyronine (T3). The expression of the most deregulated miRs was also investigated in rat HCCs, and in human hepatoma cell lines, treated or not with T3. Results Among miRs down-regulated in preneoplastic nodules following T3, co-expression networks revealed those targeting thyroid hormone receptor-β (Thrβ) and deiodinase1, and Oxidative Phosphorylation. On the other hand, miRs targeting members of the Nrf2 Oxidative Pathway, Glycolysis, Pentose Phosphate Pathway and Proline biosynthesis – all involved in the metabolic reprogramming displayed by preneoplastic lesions– were up-regulated. Notably, while the expression of most miRs deregulated in preneoplastic lesions was not altered in HCC or in hepatoma cells, miR-182, a miR known to target Dio1 and mitochondrial complexes, was down-deregulated by T3 treatment at all stages of hepatocarcinogenesis and in hepatocarcinoma cell lines. In support to the possible critical role of miR-182 in hepatocarcinogenesis, exogenous expression of this miR significantly impaired the inhibitory effect of T3 on the clonogenic growth capacity of human HCC cells. Conclusions This work identified several miRNAs, so far never associated to T3. In addition, the precise definition of the miRNA-mRNA networks elicited by T3 treatment gained in this study may provide a better understanding of the key regulatory events underlying the inhibitory effect of T3 on HCC development. In this context, T3-induced down-regulation of miR-182 appears as a promising tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rajesh Pal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Puliga
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Candiolo, Italy
| | - Pia Sulas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Lavinia Cabras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberto Cusano
- Centro di Ricerca, Sviluppo e Studi Superiori in Sardegna (CRS4), Pula, Italy
| | - Silvia Giordano
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Candiolo, Italy
| | - Andrea Perra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Amedeo Columbano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Amedeo Columbano, ; Marta Anna Kowalik,
| | - Marta Anna Kowalik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Amedeo Columbano, ; Marta Anna Kowalik,
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Abstract
Hormones are key drivers of cancer development, and alteration of the intratumoral concentration of thyroid hormone (TH) is a common feature of many human neoplasias. Besides the systemic control of TH levels, the expression and activity of deiodinases constitute a major mechanism for the cell-autonomous, prereceptoral control of TH action. The action of deiodinases ensures tight control of TH availability at intracellular level in a time- and tissue-specific manner, and alterations in deiodinase expression are frequent in tumors. Research over the past decades has shown that in cancer cells, a complex and dynamic expression of deiodinases is orchestrated by a network of growth factors, oncogenic proteins, and miRNA. It has become increasingly evident that this fine regulation exposes cancer cells to a dynamic concentration of TH that is functional to stimulate or inhibit various cellular functions. This review summarizes recent advances in the identification of the complex interplay between deiodinases and cancer and how this family of enzymes is relevant in cancer progression. We also discuss whether deiodinase expression could represent a diagnostic tool with which to define tumor staging in cancer treatment or even a therapeutic tool against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Nappi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Angela De Stefano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Salvatore
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: Domenico Salvatore, Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, Napoli, Italy.
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LRRC19-A Bridge between Selenium Adjuvant Therapy and Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma: A Study Based on Datamining. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040440. [PMID: 32316597 PMCID: PMC7230350 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is the most common and fatal subtype of renal cancer. Antagonistic associations between selenium and cancer have been reported in previous studies. Selenium compounds, as anti-cancer agents, have been reported and approved for clinical trials. The main active form of selenium in selenoproteins is selenocysteine (Sec). The process of Sec biosynthesis and incorporation into selenoproteins plays a significant role in biological processes, including anti-carcinogenesis. However, a comprehensive selenoprotein mRNA analysis in KIRC remains absent. In the present study, we examined all 25 selenoproteins and identified key selenoproteins, glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3) and type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO1), with the associated prognostic biomarker leucine-rich repeat containing 19 (LRRC19) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We performed validations for the key gene expression levels by two individual clear cell renal cell carcinoma cohorts, GSE781 and GSE6344, datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Multivariate survival analysis demonstrated that low expression of LRRC19 was an independent risk factor for OS. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified tyrosine metabolism, metabolic pathways, peroxisome, and fatty acid degradation as differentially enriched with the high LRRC19 expression in KIRC cases, which are involved in selenium therapy of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. In conclusion, low expression of LRRC19 was identified as an independent risk factor, which will advance our understanding concerning the selenium adjuvant therapy of clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
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Koronowicz AA, Master A, Banks P, Piasna-Słupecka E, Domagała D, Drozdowska M, Leszczyńska T. PPAR Receptors Expressed from Vectors Containing CMV Promoter Can Enhance Self-Transcription in the Presence of Fatty Acids from CLA-Enriched Egg Yolks-A Novel Method for Studies of PPAR Ligands. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:892-902. [PMID: 31403341 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1652332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PPAR receptors are ligand-dependent transcription factors activated in response to various small lipophilic ligands controlling the expression of different genes involved in cellular differentiation, development, metabolism, and tumorigenesis. Unexpectedly, our previous studies have shown that single plasmid-based expression of PPARs under the control of CMV promoter/enhancer was significantly elevated in the presence of PPAR agonists. Here we show that the PPAR reporters controlled by the CMV promoter/enhancer, that was shown to contain three internal non-canonical PPRE elements, can be used as a fast screening system for more effective PPAR ligands. This model allowed us to confirm our previous results indicating that fatty acids of CLA-enriched egg yolks (EFA-CLAs) are efficient PPAR ligands that can specifically upregulate the expression of PPARα and PPARγ leading to downregulation of MCF-7 cancer cell proliferation. We also show that synthetic cis9,trans11CLA is more effective in transactivation of PPARγ, while trans10,cis12CLA of PPARα receptor indicating the selectivity of the CLA isomers. This report presents a novel, fast, and reliable strategy for simple testing of PPAR ligands using PPAR expressing plasmids containing the CMV promoter/enhancer that can trigger the positive feedback loop of PPAR self-transcription in the presence of PPAR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta A Koronowicz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Adam Master
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Health Science Center T17, The State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,DNAi - The Center of Genetic Information, Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paula Banks
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Piasna-Słupecka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominik Domagała
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mariola Drozdowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Teresa Leszczyńska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
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Krashin E, Piekiełko-Witkowska A, Ellis M, Ashur-Fabian O. Thyroid Hormones and Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:59. [PMID: 30814976 PMCID: PMC6381772 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones take major part in normal growth, development and metabolism. Over a century of research has supported a relationship between thyroid hormones and the pathophysiology of various cancer types. In vitro studies as well as research in animal models demonstrated an effect of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4 on cancer proliferation, apoptosis, invasiveness and angiogenesis. Thyroid hormones mediate their effects on the cancer cell through several non-genomic pathways including activation of the plasma membrane receptor integrin αvβ3. Furthermore, cancer development and progression are affected by dysregulation of local bioavailability of thyroid hormones. Case-control and population-based studies provide conflicting results regarding the association between thyroid hormones and cancer. However, a large body of evidence suggests that subclinical and clinical hyperthyroidism increase the risk of several solid malignancies while hypothyroidism may reduce aggressiveness or delay the onset of cancer. Additional support is provided from studies in which dysregulation of the thyroid hormone axis secondary to cancer treatment or thyroid hormone supplementation was shown to affect cancer outcomes. Recent preclinical and clinical studies in various cancer types have further shown promising outcomes following chemical reduction of thyroid hormones or inhibition or their binding to the integrin receptor. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the preclinical and clinical research conducted so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilon Krashin
- Translational Hemato-Oncology Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Martin Ellis
- Translational Hemato-Oncology Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
- Meir Medical Center, Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Kfar-Saba, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Osnat Ashur-Fabian
- Translational Hemato-Oncology Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- *Correspondence: Osnat Ashur-Fabian
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Goemann IM, Marczyk VR, Romitti M, Wajner SM, Maia AL. Current concepts and challenges to unravel the role of iodothyronine deiodinases in human neoplasias. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:R625-R645. [PMID: 30400023 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are essential for the regulation of several metabolic processes and the energy consumption of the organism. Their action is exerted primarily through interaction with nuclear receptors controlling the transcription of thyroid hormone-responsive genes. Proper regulation of TH levels in different tissues is extremely important for the equilibrium between normal cellular proliferation and differentiation. The iodothyronine deiodinases types 1, 2 and 3 are key enzymes that perform activation and inactivation of THs, thus controlling TH homeostasis in a cell-specific manner. As THs seem to exert their effects in all hallmarks of the neoplastic process, dysregulation of deiodinases in the tumoral context can be critical to the neoplastic development. Here, we aim at reviewing the deiodinases expression in different neoplasias and exploit the mechanisms by which they play an essential role in human carcinogenesis. TH modulation by deiodinases and other classical pathways may represent important targets with the potential to oppose the neoplastic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuri Martin Goemann
- Thyroid Unit, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vicente Rodrigues Marczyk
- Thyroid Unit, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mirian Romitti
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Simone Magagnin Wajner
- Thyroid Unit, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Maia
- Thyroid Unit, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Peng X, Zhou Y, Sun Y, Song W, Meng X, Zhao C, Zhao R. Overexpression of modified human TRβ1 suppresses the growth of hepatocarcinoma SK-hep1 cells in vitro and in xenograft models. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 449:207-218. [PMID: 29679278 PMCID: PMC6223806 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3357-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Association studies suggest that TRβ1 functions as a tumor suppressor. Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) mediate transcriptional responses through a highly conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD). We previously constructed an artificially modified human TRβ1 (m-TRβ1) via the introduction of a 108-bp exon sequence into the corresponding position of the wild-type human TRβ1 (TRβ1) DBD. Studies confirmed that m-TRβ1 was functional and could inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer MDA-MB-468 cells in vitro. To understand the role of m-TRβ1 in liver tumor development, we adopted a gain-of-function approach by stably expressing TRβ (m-TRβ1 and TRβ1) genes in a human hepatocarcinoma cell line, SK-hep1 (without endogenous TRβ), and then evaluated the effects of the expressed TRβ on cancer cell proliferation, migration, and tumor growth in cell-based studies and xenograft models. In the presence of 3,5,3-l-triiodothyronine (T3), the expression of TRβ in SK-hep1 cells inhibited cancer cell proliferation and impeded tumor cell migration through the up-regulation of 4-1BB, Caspase-3, and Bak gene expression; down-regulation of Bcl-2 gene expression; and activation of the Caspase-3 protein. TRβ expression in SK-hep1 led to less tumor growth in xenograft models. Additionally, the anti-tumor effect of m-TRβ1 was stronger than that of TRβ1. These data indicate that m-TRβ1 can act as a tumor suppressor in hepatocarcinoma and its role was significantly better than that of TRβ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
- Key Discipline of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Shandong Province, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Yuntao Zhou
- Central Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, 255020, Shandong, China
| | - Yanli Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
- Key Discipline of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Shandong Province, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
- Key Discipline of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Shandong Province, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangying Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
- Key Discipline of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Shandong Province, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Chunling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biological Medicine in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Ronglan Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China.
- Key Discipline of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Shandong Province, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China.
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Popławski P, Wiśniewski JR, Rijntjes E, Richards K, Rybicka B, Köhrle J, Piekiełko-Witkowska A. Restoration of type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase expression in renal cancer cells downregulates oncoproteins and affects key metabolic pathways as well as anti-oxidative system. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190179. [PMID: 29272308 PMCID: PMC5741248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO1) contributes to deiodination of 3,5,3’,5’-tetraiodo-L-thyronine (thyroxine, T4) yielding of 3,5,3’-triiodothyronine (T3), a powerful regulator of cell differentiation, proliferation, and metabolism. Our previous work showed that loss of DIO1 enhances proliferation and migration of renal cancer cells. However, the global effects of DIO1 expression in various tissues affected by cancer remain unknown. Here, the effects of stable DIO1 re-expression were analyzed on the proteome of renal cancer cells, followed by quantitative real-time PCR validation in two renal cancer-derived cell lines. DIO1-induced changes in intracellular concentrations of thyroid hormones were quantified by L-MS/MS and correlations between expression of DIO1 and potential target genes were determined in tissue samples from renal cancer patients. Stable re-expression of DIO1, resulted in 26 downregulated proteins while 59 proteins were overexpressed in renal cancer cells. The ‘downregulated’ group consisted mainly of oncoproteins (e.g. STAT3, ANPEP, TGFBI, TGM2) that promote proliferation, migration and invasion. Furthermore, DIO1 re-expression enhanced concentrations of two subunits of thyroid hormone transporter (SLC7A5, SLC3A2), enzymes of key pathways of cellular energy metabolism (e.g. TKT, NAMPT, IDH2), sex steroid metabolism and anti-oxidative response (AKR1C2, AKR1B10). DIO1 expression resulted in elevated intracellular concentration of T4. Expression of DIO1-affected genes strongly correlated with DIO1 transcript levels in tissue samples from renal cancer patients as well as with their poor survival. This first study addressing effects of deiodinase re-expression on proteome of cancer cells demonstrates that induced DIO1 re-expression in renal cancer robustly downregulates oncoproteins, affects key metabolic pathways, and triggers proteins involved in anti-oxidative protection. This data supports the notion that suppressed DIO1 expression and changes in local availability of thyroid hormones might favor a shift from a differentiated to a more proliferation-prone state of cancer tissues and cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Popławski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek R. Wiśniewski
- Biochemical Proteomics Group, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Eddy Rijntjes
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Keith Richards
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beata Rybicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Josef Köhrle
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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10
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Poplawski P, Rybicka B, Boguslawska J, Rodzik K, Visser TJ, Nauman A, Piekielko-Witkowska A. Induction of type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase expression inhibits proliferation and migration of renal cancer cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 442:58-67. [PMID: 27940296 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO1) regulates peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones that control cellular proliferation, differentiation and metabolism. The significance of DIO1 in cancer is unknown. In this study we hypothesized that diminished expression of DIO1, observed in renal cancer, contributes to the carcinogenic process in the kidney. Here, we demonstrate that ectopic expression of DIO1 in renal cancer cells changes the expression of genes controlling cell cycle, including cyclin E1 and E2F5, and results in inhibition of proliferation. The expression of genes encoding collagens (COL1A1, COL4A2, COL5A1), integrins (ITGA4, ITGA5, ITGB3) and transforming growth factor-β-induced (TGFBI) is significantly altered in renal cancer cells with induced expression of DIO1. Finally, we show that overexpression of DIO1 inhibits migration of renal cancer cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time that loss of DIO1 contributes to renal carcinogenesis and that its induced expression protects cells against cancerous proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Poplawski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, ul. Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Rybicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, ul. Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Boguslawska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, ul. Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Rodzik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, ul. Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Theo J Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alicja Nauman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, ul. Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Human Cancer Genetics, Centre of New Technologies, CENT, University of Warsaw, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piekielko-Witkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, ul. Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland.
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11
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Tseng YH, Huang YH, Lin TK, Wu SM, Chi HC, Tsai CY, Tsai MM, Lin YH, Chang WC, Chang YT, Chen WJ, Lin KH. Thyroid hormone suppresses expression of stathmin and associated tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38756. [PMID: 27934948 PMCID: PMC5146664 DOI: 10.1038/srep38756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stathmin (STMN1), a recognized oncoprotein upregulated in various solid tumors, promotes microtubule disassembly and modulates tumor growth and migration activity. However, the mechanisms underlying the genetic regulation of STMN1 have yet to be elucidated. In the current study, we report that thyroid hormone receptor (THR) expression is negatively correlated with STMN1 expression in a subset of clinical hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specimens. We further identified the STMN1 gene as a target of thyroid hormone (T3) in the HepG2 hepatoma cell line. An analysis of STMN1 expression profile and mechanism of transcriptional regulation revealed that T3 significantly suppressed STMN1 mRNA and protein expression, and further showed that THR directly targeted the STMN1 upstream element to regulate STMN1 transcriptional activity. Specific knockdown of STMN1 suppressed cell proliferation and xenograft tumor growth in mice. In addition, T3 regulation of cell growth arrest and cell cycle distribution were attenuated by overexpression of STMN1. Our results suggest that the oncogene STMN1 is transcriptionally downregulated by T3 in the liver. This T3-mediated suppression of STMN1 supports the theory that T3 plays an inhibitory role in HCC tumor growth, and suggests that the lack of normal THR function leads to elevated STMN1 expression and malignant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsin Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ya-Hui Huang
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linko, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tzu-Kang Lin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou &Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Ming Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsiang-Cheng Chi
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ying Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ming-Ming Tsai
- Department of Nursing, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yang-Hsiang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Chun Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ting Chang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Jan Chen
- First Cardiovascular Division, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kwang-Huei Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linko, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, Republic of China
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12
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Kędzierska H, Popławski P, Hoser G, Rybicka B, Rodzik K, Sokół E, Bogusławska J, Tański Z, Fogtman A, Koblowska M, Piekiełko-Witkowska A. Decreased Expression of SRSF2 Splicing Factor Inhibits Apoptotic Pathways in Renal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101598. [PMID: 27690003 PMCID: PMC5085631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine and arginine rich splicing factor 2(SRSF2) belongs to the serine/arginine (SR)-rich family of proteins that regulate alternative splicing. Previous studies suggested that SRSF2 can contribute to carcinogenic processes. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of kidney cancer, highly aggressive and difficult to treat, mainly due to resistance to apoptosis. In this study we hypothesized that SRSF2 contributes to the regulation of apoptosis in ccRCC. Using tissue samples obtained from ccRCC patients, as well as independent validation on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, we demonstrate for the first time that expression of SRSF2 is decreased in ccRCC tumours when compared to non-tumorous control tissues. Furthermore, by employing a panel of ccRCC-derived cell lines with silenced SRSF2 expression and qPCR arrays we show that SRSF2 contributes not only to splicing patterns but also to expression of multiple apoptotic genes, including new SRSF2 targets: DIABLO, BIRC5/survivin, TRAIL, BIM, MCL1, TNFRSF9, TNFRSF1B, CRADD, BCL2L2, BCL2A1, and TP53. We also identified a new splice variant of CFLAR, an inhibitor of caspase activity. These changes culminate in diminished caspase-9 activity and inhibition of apoptosis. In summary, we show for the first time that decreased expression of SRSF2 in ccRCC contributes to protection of cancer cells viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kędzierska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Popławski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Grażyna Hoser
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Beata Rybicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Rodzik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Sokół
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Bogusławska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Tański
- Department of Urology, Regional Hospital, 07-410 Ostrołęka, Poland.
| | - Anna Fogtman
- Laboratory for Microarray Analysis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Koblowska
- Laboratory for Microarray Analysis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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13
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Czarnecka AM, Matak D, Szymanski L, Czarnecka KH, Lewicki S, Zdanowski R, Brzezianska-Lasota E, Szczylik C. Triiodothyronine regulates cell growth and survival in renal cell cancer. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:1666-78. [PMID: 27632932 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Triiodothyronine plays an important role in the regulation of kidney cell growth, differentiation and metabolism. Patients with renal cell cancer who develop hypothyreosis during tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment have statistically longer survival. In this study, we developed cell based model of triiodothyronine (T3) analysis in RCC and we show the different effects of T3 on renal cell cancer (RCC) cell growth response and expression of the thyroid hormone receptor in human renal cell cancer cell lines from primary and metastatic tumors along with human kidney cancer stem cells. Wild-type thyroid hormone receptor is ubiquitously expressed in human renal cancer cell lines, but normalized against healthy renal proximal tube cell expression its level is upregulated in Caki-2, RCC6, SKRC-42, SKRC-45 cell lines. On the contrary the mRNA level in the 769-P, ACHN, HKCSC, and HEK293 cells is significantly decreased. The TRβ protein was abundant in the cytoplasm of the 786-O, Caki-2, RCC6, and SKRC-45 cells and in the nucleus of SKRC-42, ACHN, 769-P and cancer stem cells. T3 has promoting effect on the cell proliferation of HKCSC, Caki-2, ASE, ACHN, SK-RC-42, SMKT-R2, Caki-1, 786-0, and SK-RC-45 cells. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor, sunitinib, directly inhibits proliferation of RCC cells, while thyroid hormone receptor antagonist 1-850 (CAS 251310‑57-3) has less significant inhibitory impact. T3 stimulation does not abrogate inhibitory effect of sunitinib. Renal cancer tumor cells hypostimulated with T3 may be more responsive to tyrosine kinase inhibition. Moreover, some tumors may be considered as T3-independent and present aggressive phenotype with thyroid hormone receptor activated independently from the ligand. On the contrary proliferation induced by deregulated VHL and or c-Met pathways may transgress normal T3 mediated regulation of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Czarnecka
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Matak
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Szymanski
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina H Czarnecka
- Department of Molecular Bases of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Slawomir Lewicki
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Zdanowski
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Cezary Szczylik
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Perra A, Plateroti M, Columbano A. T3/TRs axis in hepatocellular carcinoma: new concepts for an old pair. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:R353-69. [PMID: 27353037 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and its burden is expected to further increase in the next years. Chronic inflammation, induced by multiple viruses or metabolic alterations, and epigenetic and genetic modifications, cooperate in cancer development via a combination of common and distinct aetiology-specific pathways. In spite of the advances of classical therapies, the prognosis of this neoplasm has not considerably improved over the past few years. The advent of targeted therapies and the approval of the systemic treatment of advanced HCC with the kinase inhibitor sorafenib have provided some hope for the future. However, the benefits obtained from this treatment are still disappointing, as it extends the median life expectancy of patients by only few months. It is thus mandatory to find alternative effective treatments. Although the role played by thyroid hormones (THs) and their nuclear receptors (TRs) in human cancer is still unclear, mounting evidence indicates that they behave as oncosuppressors in HCC. However, the molecular mechanisms by which they exert this effect and the consequence of their activation following ligand binding on HCC progression remain elusive. In this review, we re-evaluate the existing evidence of the role of TH/TRs in HCC development; we will also discuss how TR alterations could affect fundamental biological processes, such as hepatocyte proliferation and differentiation, and consequently HCC progression. Finally, we will discuss if and how TRs can be foreseen as therapeutic targets in HCC and whether selective TR modulation by TH analogues may hold promise for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Perra
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Michelina Plateroti
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon INSERM U1052CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de la Recherche, Lyon, France
| | - Amedeo Columbano
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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15
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Master A, Wójcicka A, Giżewska K, Popławski P, Williams GR, Nauman A. A Novel Method for Gene-Specific Enhancement of Protein Translation by Targeting 5'UTRs of Selected Tumor Suppressors. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155359. [PMID: 27171412 PMCID: PMC4865139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Translational control is a mechanism of protein synthesis regulation emerging as an important target for new therapeutics. Naturally occurring microRNAs and synthetic small inhibitory RNAs (siRNAs) are the most recognized regulatory molecules acting via RNA interference. Surprisingly, recent studies have shown that interfering RNAs may also activate gene transcription via the newly discovered phenomenon of small RNA-induced gene activation (RNAa). Thus far, the small activating RNAs (saRNAs) have only been demonstrated as promoter-specific transcriptional activators. FINDINGS We demonstrate that oligonucleotide-based trans-acting factors can also specifically enhance gene expression at the level of protein translation by acting at sequence-specific targets within the messenger RNA 5'-untranslated region (5'UTR). We designed a set of short synthetic oligonucleotides (dGoligos), specifically targeting alternatively spliced 5'UTRs in transcripts expressed from the THRB and CDKN2A suppressor genes. The in vitro translation efficiency of reporter constructs containing alternative TRβ1 5'UTRs was increased by up to more than 55-fold following exposure to specific dGoligos. Moreover, we found that the most folded 5'UTR has higher translational regulatory potential when compared to the weakly folded TRβ1 variant. This suggests such a strategy may be especially applied to enhance translation from relatively inactive transcripts containing long 5'UTRs of complex structure. SIGNIFICANCE This report represents the first method for gene-specific translation enhancement using selective trans-acting factors designed to target specific 5'UTR cis-acting elements. This simple strategy may be developed further to complement other available methods for gene expression regulation including gene silencing. The dGoligo-mediated translation-enhancing approach has the potential to be transferred to increase the translation efficiency of any suitable target gene and may have future application in gene therapy strategies to enhance expression of proteins including tumor suppressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Master
- The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ul. Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland
- BioTe21, Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biology, ul. Krolowej Jadwigi 33/3b, 30-209, Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Wójcicka
- The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ul. Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
- Genomic Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamilla Giżewska
- BioTe21, Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biology, ul. Krolowej Jadwigi 33/3b, 30-209, Cracow, Poland
| | - Piotr Popławski
- The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ul. Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Graham R. Williams
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Alicja Nauman
- The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ul. Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
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16
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Thyroid Hormones as Renal Cell Cancer Regulators. JOURNAL OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 2016; 2016:1362407. [PMID: 27034829 PMCID: PMC4808550 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1362407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
It is known that thyroid hormone is an important regulator of cancer development and metastasis. What is more, changes across the genome, as well as alternative splicing, may affect the activity of the thyroid hormone receptors. Mechanism of action of the thyroid hormone is different in every cancer; therefore in this review thyroid hormone and its receptor are presented as a regulator of renal cell carcinoma.
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17
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Koronowicz AA, Kopeć A, Master A, Smoleń S, Piątkowska E, Bieżanowska-Kopeć R, Ledwożyw-Smoleń I, Skoczylas Ł, Rakoczy R, Leszczyńska T, Kapusta-Duch J, Pysz M. Transcriptome Profiling of Caco-2 Cancer Cell Line following Treatment with Extracts from Iodine-Biofortified Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147336. [PMID: 26799209 PMCID: PMC4723252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although iodization of salt is the most common method used to obtain iodine-enriched food, iodine deficiency disorders are still a global health problem and profoundly affect the quality of human life. Iodine is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which are crucial regulators of human metabolism, cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis and have been reported to be involved in carcinogenesis. In this study, for the first time, we evaluated the effect of iodine-biofortified lettuce on transcriptomic profile of Caco-2 cancer cell line by applying the Whole Human Genome Microarray assay. We showed 1326 differentially expressed Caco-2 transcripts after treatment with iodine-biofortified (BFL) and non-fortified (NFL) lettuce extracts. We analysed pathways, molecular functions, biological processes and protein classes based on comparison between BFL and NFL specific genes. Iodine, which was expected to act as a free ion (KI-NFL) or at least in part to be incorporated into lettuce macromolecules (BFL), differently regulated pathways of numerous transcription factors leading to different cellular effects. In this study we showed the inhibition of Caco-2 cells proliferation after treatment with BFL, but not potassium iodide (KI), and BFL-mediated induction of mitochondrial apoptosis and/or cell differentiation. Our results showed that iodine-biofortified plants can be effectively used by cells as an alternative source of this trace element. Moreover, the observed differences in action of both iodine sources may suggest a potential of BFL in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta A. Koronowicz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aneta Kopeć
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Adam Master
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Centre for Postgraduate Education, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Sylwester Smoleń
- Unit of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Piątkowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Renata Bieżanowska-Kopeć
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Iwona Ledwożyw-Smoleń
- Unit of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Skoczylas
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Mushroom Processing, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Roksana Rakoczy
- Unit of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Teresa Leszczyńska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Kapusta-Duch
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mirosław Pysz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
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18
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Frau C, Loi R, Petrelli A, Perra A, Menegon S, Kowalik MA, Pinna S, Leoni VP, Fornari F, Gramantieri L, Ledda-Columbano GM, Giordano S, Columbano A. Local hypothyroidism favors the progression of preneoplastic lesions to hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. Hepatology 2015; 61:249-59. [PMID: 25156012 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors that mediate most of the effects elicited by the thyroid hormone, 3,5,3'-L-triiodothyronine (T3). TRs have been implicated in tumorigenesis, although it is unclear whether they act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, and at which stage of tumorigenesis their dysregulation occurs. Using the resistant-hepatocyte rat model (R-H model), we found down-regulation of TRβ1 and TRα1 and their target genes in early preneoplastic lesions and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCCs), suggesting that a hypothyroid status favors the onset and progression of preneoplastic lesions to HCC. Notably, TRβ1 and, to a lesser extent, TRα1 down-regulation was observed only in preneoplastic lesions positive for the progenitor cell marker, cytokeratin-19 (Krt-19) and characterized by a higher proliferative activity, compared to the Krt-19 negative ones. TRβ1 down-regulation was observed also in the vast majority of the analyzed human HCCs, compared to the matched peritumorous liver or to normal liver. Hyperthyroidism induced by T3 treatment caused up-regulation of TRβ1 and of its target genes in Krt-19(+) preneoplastic rat lesions and was associated with nodule regression. In HCC, TRβ1 down-regulation was not the result of hypermethylation of its promoter, but was associated with an increased expression of TRβ1-targeting microRNAs ([miR]-27a, -181a, and -204). An inverse correlation between TRβ1 and miR-181a was also found in human cirrhotic peritumoral tissue, compared to normal liver. CONCLUSION Down-regulation of TRs, especially TRβ1, is an early and relevant event in liver cancer development and is species and etiology independent. The results also suggest that a hypothyroid status of preneoplastic lesions may contribute to their progression to HCC and that the reversion of this condition may represent a possible therapeutic goal to interfere with the development of this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Frau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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19
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Wojcicka A, Piekielko–Witkowska A, Kedzierska H, Rybicka B, Poplawski P, Boguslawska J, Master A, Nauman A. Epigenetic regulation of thyroid hormone receptor beta in renal cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97624. [PMID: 24849932 PMCID: PMC4029725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone receptor beta (THRB) gene is commonly deregulated in cancers and, as strengthened by animal models, postulated to play a tumor-suppressive role. Our previous studies revealed downregulation of THRB in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), but the culpable mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Since epigenetic regulation is a common mechanism influencing the expression of tumor suppressors, we hypothesized that downregulation of THRB in renal cancer results from epigenetic aberrances, including CpG methylation and microRNA-dependent silencing. Our study revealed that ccRCC tumors exhibited a 56% decrease in THRB and a 37% increase in DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) expression when compared with paired non-neoplastic control samples. However, THRB CpG methylation analysis performed using BSP, SNaPshot and MSP-PCR consistently revealed no changes in methylation patterns between matched tumor and control samples. In silico analysis resulted in identification of four microRNAs (miR-155, miR-425, miR-592, and miR-599) as potentially targeting THRB transcript. Luciferase assay showed direct binding of miR-155 and miR-425 to 3′UTR of THRB, and subsequent in vivo analyses revealed that transfection of UOK171 cell line with synthetic miR-155 or miR-425 resulted in decreased expression of endogenous TRHB by 22% and 64%, respectively. Finally, real-time PCR analysis showed significant upregulation of miR-155 (354%) and miR-425 (162%) in ccRCC when compared with matched controls. Moreover, microRNA levels were negatively correlated with the amount of THRB transcript in tissue samples. We conclude that CpG methylation is not the major mechanism contributing to decreased THRB expression in ccRCC. In contrast, THRB is targeted by microRNAs miR-155 and miR-425, whose increased expression may be responsible for downregulation of THRB in ccRCC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wojcicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
- Genomic Medicine, Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Hanna Kedzierska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Rybicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Poplawski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Boguslawska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Master
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Nauman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
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20
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Boguslawska J, Piekielko-Witkowska A, Wojcicka A, Kedzierska H, Poplawski P, Nauman A. Regulatory feedback loop between T3 and microRNAs in renal cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 384:61-70. [PMID: 24440748 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs, short non-coding RNAs, influence key physiological processes, including hormonal regulation, by affecting the expression of genes. In this study we hypothesised that the expression of microRNAs targeting thyroid hormone pathway genes may be in turn regulated by thyroid hormone signalling. It is known that the expression of DIO1, a gene contributing to triiodothyronine (T3) signalling, is regulated by miR-224. Thus, we analysed mutual regulation between triiodothyronine pathway and miR-224/miR-452/GABRE cluster. Firstly, we found that miR-452 directly regulates the expression of thyroid hormone receptor TRβ1 in renal cancer cells. In turn, the expression of miR-224/452/GABRE cluster and other microRNAs targeting TRβ1 was influenced by T3 treatment and/or TR silencing. miR-452 expression correlated with intracellular T3 concentrations in renal tumours. In conclusion, we propose a new mechanism of feedback regulation, by which in renal cancer microRNAs regulate the expression of T3 pathway genes, while T3 in turn regulates expression of microRNAs.
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MESH Headings
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Feedback, Physiological
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Reporter
- Humans
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Luciferases/genetics
- Luciferases/metabolism
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Receptors, GABA-A/genetics
- Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Thyroid Hormone Receptors beta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Thyroid Hormone Receptors beta/genetics
- Thyroid Hormone Receptors beta/metabolism
- Triiodothyronine/biosynthesis
- Triiodothyronine/genetics
- Triiodothyronine/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- J Boguslawska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Piekielko-Witkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Wojcicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - H Kedzierska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Poplawski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Nauman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland.
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21
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Abstract
Like most other members of the TRP family, the Trpm3 gene encodes proteins that form cation-permeable ion channels on the plasma membrane. However, TRPM3 proteins have several unique features that set them apart from the other members of this diverse family. The Trpm3 gene encodes for a surprisingly large number of isoforms generated mainly by alternative splicing. Only for two of the (at least) eight sites at which sequence diversity is generated the functional consequences have been elucidated, one leading to nonfunctional channels, the other one profoundly affecting the ionic selectivity. In the Trpm3 gene an intronic microRNA (miR-204) is co-transcribed with Trpm3. By regulating the expression of a multitude of genes, miR-204 increases the functional complexity of the Trpm3 locus. Over the past years, important progress has been made in discovering pharmacological tools to manipulate TRPM3 channel activity. These substances have facilitated the identification of endogenously expressed functional TRPM3 channels in nociceptive neurons, pancreatic beta cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells, among others. TRPM3 channels, which themselves are temperature sensitive, thus have been implicated in sensing noxious heat, in modulating insulin release, and in secretion of inflammatory cytokines. However, in many tissues where TRPM3 proteins are known to be expressed, no functional role has been identified for these channels so far. Because of the availability of adequate pharmacological and genetic tools, it is expected that future investigations on TRPM3 channels will unravel important new aspects and functions of these channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Oberwinkler
- Institut für Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany,
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22
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Alternative splicing of iodothyronine deiodinases in pituitary adenomas. Regulation by oncoprotein SF2/ASF. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:763-72. [PMID: 23462647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary tumors belong to the group of most common neoplasms of the sellar region. Iodothyronine deiodinase types 1 (DIO1) and 2 (DIO2) are enzymes contributing to the levels of locally synthesized T3, a hormone regulating key physiological processes in the pituitary, including its development, cellular proliferation, and hormone secretion. Previous studies revealed that the expression of deiodinases in pituitary tumors is variable and, moreover, there is no correlation between mRNA and protein products of the particular gene, suggesting the potential role of posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms. In this work we hypothesized that one of such mechanisms could be the alternative splicing. Therefore, we analyzed expression and sequences of DIO1 and DIO2 splicing variants in 30 pituitary adenomas and 9 non-tumorous pituitary samples. DIO2 mRNA was expressed as only two mRNA isoforms. In contrast, nine splice variants of DIO1 were identified. Among them, five were devoid of exon 3. In silico sequence analysis of DIO1 revealed multiple putative binding sites for splicing factor SF2/ASF, of which the top-ranked sites were located in exon 3. Silencing of SF2/ASF in pituitary tumor GH3 cells resulted in change of ratio between DIO1 isoforms with or without exon 3, favoring the expression of variants without exon 3. The expression of SF2/ASF mRNA in pituitary tumors was increased when compared with non-neoplastic control samples. In conclusion, we provide a new mechanism of posttranscriptional regulation of DIO1 and show deregulation of DIO1 expression in pituitary adenoma, possibly resulting from disturbed expression of SF2/ASF.
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23
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Pastor S, Akdi A, González ER, Castell J, Biarnés J, Marcos R, Velázquez A. Common genetic variants in pituitary-thyroid axis genes and the risk of differentiated thyroid cancer. Endocr Connect 2012; 1:68-77. [PMID: 23781307 PMCID: PMC3682231 DOI: 10.1530/ec-12-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone receptors, THRA and THRB, together with the TSH receptor, TSHR, are key regulators of thyroid function. Alterations in the genes of these receptors (THRA, THRB and TSHR) have been related to thyroid diseases, including thyroid cancer. Moreover, there is evidence suggesting that predisposition to differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is related to common genetic variants with low penetrance that interact with each other and with environmental factors. In this study, we investigated the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the THRA (one SNP), THRB (three SNPs) and TSHR (two SNPs) genes with DTC risk. A case-control association study was conducted with 398 patients with sporadic DTC and 479 healthy controls from a Spanish population. Among the polymorphisms studied, only THRA-rs939348 was found to be associated with an increased risk of DTC (recessive model, odds ratio=1.80, 95% confidence interval=1.03-3.14, P=0.037). Gene-gene interaction analysis using the genotype data of this study together with our previous genotype data on TG and TRHR indicated a combined effect of the pairwises: THRB-TG (P interaction=0.014, THRB-rs3752874 with TG-rs2076740; P interaction=0.099, THRB-rs844107 with TG-rs2076740) and THRB-TRHR (P interaction=0.0024, THRB-rs3752874 with TRHR-rs4129682) for DTC risk in a Spanish population. Our results confirm that THRA is a risk factor for DTC, and we show for the first time the combined effect of THRB and TG or TRHR on DTC susceptibility, supporting the importance of gene-gene interaction in thyroid cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Pastor
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de BiociènciesUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès BarcelonaSpain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, ISCIIIBarcelonaSpain
| | - Abdelmounaim Akdi
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de BiociènciesUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès BarcelonaSpain
| | - Eddy R González
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de BiociènciesUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès BarcelonaSpain
| | - Juan Castell
- Servei de Medicina NuclearHospital Vall d'HebronBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Ricard Marcos
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de BiociènciesUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès BarcelonaSpain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, ISCIIIBarcelonaSpain
| | - Antonia Velázquez
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de BiociènciesUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès BarcelonaSpain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, ISCIIIBarcelonaSpain
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24
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NotI microarrays: novel epigenetic markers for early detection and prognosis of high grade serous ovarian cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2012. [PMID: 23202957 PMCID: PMC3497331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131013352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 3-specific NotI microarray (NMA) containing 180 clones with 188 genes was used in the study to analyze 18 high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) samples and 7 benign ovarian tumors. We aimed to find novel methylation-dependent biomarkers for early detection and prognosis of HGSOC. Thirty five NotI markers showed frequency of methylation/deletion more or equal to 17%. To check the results of NMA hybridizations several samples for four genes (LRRC3B, THRB, ITGA9 and RBSP3 (CTDSPL)) were bisulfite sequenced and confirmed the results of NMA hybridization. A set of eight biomarkers: NKIRAS1/RPL15, THRB, RBPS3 (CTDSPL), IQSEC1, NBEAL2, ZIC4, LOC285205 and FOXP1, was identified as the most prominent set capable to detect both early and late stages of ovarian cancer. Sensitivity of this set is equal to (72 ± 11)% and specificity (94 ± 5)%. Early stages represented the most complicated cases for detection. To distinguish between Stages I + II and Stages III + IV of ovarian cancer the most perspective set of biomarkers would include LOC285205, CGGBP1, EPHB1 and NKIRAS1/RPL15. The sensitivity of the set is equal to (80 ± 13)% and the specificity is (88 ± 12)%. Using this technique we plan to validate this panel with new epithelial ovarian cancer samples and add markers from other chromosomes.
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25
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Miki I, Nakamura T, Kuwahara A, Yamamori M, Nishiguchi K, Tamura T, Okuno T, Omatsu H, Mizuno S, Hirai M, Azuma T, Sakaeda T. THRB genetic polymorphisms can predict severe myelotoxicity after definitive chemoradiotherapy in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2012; 9:748-56. [PMID: 23136537 PMCID: PMC3491433 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.5081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chemotherapy-related toxicities are difficult to predict before treatment. In this study, we investigated whether thyroid hormone receptor beta (THRB) genetic polymorphisms can serve as a potential biomarker in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS Forty-nine Japanese patients with ESCC who received a definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin in conjunction with concurrent irradiation were retrospectively analyzed. Severe acute toxicities, including leukopenia, stomatitis, and cheilitis, were evaluated according to 6 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene; the intronic SNPs of rs7635707 G/T, rs6787255 A/C, rs9812034 G/T, and rs9310738 C/T and the SNPs in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of rs844107 C/T and rs1349265 G/A. RESULTS Distribution of the 4 intronic SNPs, but not the 2 SNPs in the 3'-UTR, showed a significant difference between patients with and without severe acute leukopenia. Stomatitis and cheilitis were not associated with any of the 6 analyzed SNPs. Frequency of haplotype of the 4 intronic SNPs reached approximately 97% with the 2 major haplotypes G-A-G-C (73.4%) and T-C-T-T (23.5%). CONCLUSIONS THRB intronic SNPs can provide useful information on CRT-related severe myelotoxicity in patients with ESCC. Future studies will be needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuya Miki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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26
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Abstract
CONTEXT Traditionally, factors predisposing to diseases are either genetic ("nature") or environmental, also known as lifestyle-related ("nurture"). Papillary thyroid cancer is an example of a disease where the respective roles of these factors are surprisingly unclear. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Original articles and reviews summarizing our current understanding of the role of microRNA in thyroid tumorigenesis are reviewed and evaluated. CONCLUSION The genetic predisposition to papillary thyroid cancer appears to consist of a variety of gene mutations that are mostly either of low penetrance and common or of high penetrance but rare. Moreover, they likely interact with each other and with environmental factors. The culpable genes may not be of the traditional, protein-coding type. A limited number of noncoding candidate genes have indeed been described, and we propose here that the failure to find mutations in traditional protein-coding genes is not coincidental. Instead, a more likely hypothesis is that changes in the expression of multiple regulatory RNA genes, e.g. microRNAs, may be a major mechanism. Our review of the literature strongly supports this notion in that a polymorphism in one microRNAs (miR-146a) predisposes to thyroid carcinoma, whereas numerous other microRNAs are involved in signaling (mainly PTEN/PI3K/AKT and T3/THRB) that is central to thyroid carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert de la Chapelle
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 804 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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27
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Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) regulate key cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in virtually all human cells. Disturbances in TH pathway and the resulting deregulation of these processes have been linked with neoplasia. The concentrations of TH in peripheral tissues are regulated via the activity of iodothyronine deiodinases. There are 3 types of these enzymes: type 1 and type 2 deiodinases are involved in TH activation while type 3 deiodinase inactivates TH. Expression and activity of iodothyronine deiodinases are disturbed in different types of neoplasia. According to the limited number of studies in cancer cell lines and mouse models changes in intratumoral and extratumoral T3 concentrations may influence proliferation rate and metastatic progression. Recent findings showing that increased expression of type 3 deiodinases may lead to enhanced tumoral proliferation support the idea that deiodinating enzymes have the potential to influence cancer progression. This review summarizes the observations of impaired expression and activity in different cancer types, published to date, and the mechanisms behind these alterations, including impaired regulation via TH receptors, transforming growth factor-β, and Sonic-hedgehog pathway. Possible roles of deiodinases as cancer markers and potential modulators of tumor progression are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Piekiełko-Witkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland.
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28
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Boguslawska J, Wojcicka A, Piekielko-Witkowska A, Master A, Nauman A. MiR-224 targets the 3'UTR of type 1 5'-iodothyronine deiodinase possibly contributing to tissue hypothyroidism in renal cancer. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24541. [PMID: 21912701 PMCID: PMC3166326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO1) catalyses the conversion of prohormone thyroxine to the active thyroid hormone 3,3′,5-triiodothyronine (T3), important regulator of cell proliferation and differentiation. DIO1 expression is reduced in the most common type of kidney neoplasia, clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC). MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at posttranscriptional levels. The aim of this study was to analyze the potential regulation of DIO1 expression by microRNAs in ccRCC. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that 3′UTR of the human DIO1 gene transcript contains miR-224 and miR-383 target sites, which are conserved across mammalian species. Semi-quantitative real-time PCR was used to analyze the expression of miR-224 and miR-383 in 32 samples of ccRCC tumors (T) and in 32 matched control (C) samples. We observed statistically significant (p = 0.0002) more than four fold increase in miR-224 expression and nearly two fold increase in miR-383 expression in samples T compared to samples C. Tumor specific changes in expression of miR-224 negatively correlated with changes in DIO1 expression and intracellular T3 concentration. Transfection of HeLa cell line with miR-224 and miR-383 suppressed the activity of a luciferase reporter containing the 3′UTR of DIO1. This was abolished when constructs mutated at the miR-224 and miR-383 target sites were used instead, indicating that miR-224 and miR-383 directly bind to DIO1 3′UTR. Finally, induced expression of miR-224 in Caki-2 cells resulted in significant (p<0.01) reduction of DIO1 mRNA. This study provides a novel miRNA-mediated regulatory mechanism of DIO1 expression in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Boguslawska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Wojcicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Adam Master
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Nauman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
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29
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2011; 5:297-305. [DOI: 10.1097/spc.0b013e32834a76ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Wotschofsky Z, Meyer HA, Jung M, Fendler A, Wagner I, Stephan C, Busch J, Erbersdobler A, Disch AC, Mollenkopf HJ, Jung K. Reference genes for the relative quantification of microRNAs in renal cell carcinomas and their metastases. Anal Biochem 2011; 417:233-41. [PMID: 21741950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Revised: 06/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To obtain accurate results in miRNA expression changes between different sample sets using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analyses, normalization to reference genes that are stably expressed across the sample sets is generally used. A literature search of miRNA expression studies in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) proved that non-miRNAs such as small RNAs or mRNAs have most frequently been used without preceding validation of their suitability. In this study, the most stably expressed miRNAs were ascertained from microarray-based data of miRNA expression in nonmalignant and malignant samples from clear cell RCC and from corresponding distant RCC metastases using the geNorm and NormFinder algorithms. Validation experiments with RT-qPCR were performed for the four best-ranked miRNAs (miR-28, miR-103, miR-106a, miR-151) together with the small RNU6B, RNU44, and RNU48 mostly described in literature. miR-28, miR-103, miR-106a, and RNU48 were proved as the most stably expressed genes. miR-28 is recommended as normalizer if only a single reference gene can be used, while the combinations of miR-28 and miR-103 or of miR-28, miR-103, and miR-106a, respectively, are preferred. RNU6B most frequently used as normalizer in miRNA expression studies should be abandoned in order to avoid misleading results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Wotschofsky
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Free University, Berlin, Germany
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31
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Jazdzewski K, Boguslawska J, Jendrzejewski J, Liyanarachchi S, Pachucki J, Wardyn KA, Nauman A, de la Chapelle A. Thyroid hormone receptor beta (THRB) is a major target gene for microRNAs deregulated in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:E546-53. [PMID: 21159845 PMCID: PMC3047217 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-1594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Loss of the thyroid hormone receptor is common in tumors. In mouse models, a truncated THRB gene leads to thyroid cancer. Previously, we observed up-regulation of the expression of eight microRNAs (miRs) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) tumors. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine whether THRB might be inhibited by miRs up-regulated in PTC. DESIGN The potential binding of miR to the 3'-untranslated region of THRB was analyzed in silico. Direct inhibition by miRs binding to the cloned 3'-untranslated region of THRB was evaluated using luciferase assays. Inhibition of endogenous THRB and its target genes (DIO1 and APP) was examined in cell lines transfected by pre-miRs. The impact on thyroid hormone response element (TRE) was evaluated in promoter assays. Correlations between the expression of THRB and miRs was evaluated in 13 PTC tumor/normal tissue pairs. RESULTS THRB contains binding sites for the top seven miRs up-regulated in PTC (P = 0.0000002). Direct interaction with THRB was shown for miR-21 and miR-146a. We observed lower levels of THRB transcripts in cell lines transfected with miR-21, -146a, and -221 (down-regulation of 37-48%; P < 0.0001), but not with miR-181a. THRB protein was suppressed down to 10-28% by each of four miRs. Concomitant expression of DIO1 and APP was affected (down-regulation of 32-66%, P < 0.0034 and up-regulation of 48-57%, P < 0.0002, respectively). All four miRs affected TRE activity in promoter assays. Down-regulation of luciferase occurred after transfection with pTRE-TK-Luc construct and each of four miRs. The analysis of tumor/normal tissue pairs revealed down-regulation of THRB in 11 of 13 pairs (1.3- to 9.1-fold), and up-regulation of miR-21, -146a, -181a, and -221 in almost all pairs. CONCLUSIONS MiRs up-regulated in PTC tumors directly inhibit the expression of THRB, an important tumor suppressor gene.
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MESH Headings
- 3' Untranslated Regions/genetics
- Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/genetics
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma
- Carcinoma, Papillary/genetics
- Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/physiology
- Genes, Reporter/genetics
- Humans
- Luciferases/genetics
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary
- Thyroid Gland/pathology
- Thyroid Hormone Receptors beta/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Transcription, Genetic
- Triiodothyronine/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystian Jazdzewski
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 804 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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32
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Piekielko-Witkowska A, Wiszomirska H, Wojcicka A, Poplawski P, Boguslawska J, Tanski Z, Nauman A. Disturbed expression of splicing factors in renal cancer affects alternative splicing of apoptosis regulators, oncogenes, and tumor suppressors. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13690. [PMID: 21082031 PMCID: PMC2972751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of renal cancer. One of the processes disturbed in this cancer type is alternative splicing, although phenomena underlying these disturbances remain unknown. Alternative splicing consists of selective removal of introns and joining of residual exons of the primary transcript, to produce mRNA molecules of different sequence. Splicing aberrations may lead to tumoral transformation due to synthesis of impaired splice variants with oncogenic potential. In this paper we hypothesized that disturbed alternative splicing in ccRCC may result from improper expression of splicing factors, mediators of splicing reactions. Methodology/Principal Findings Using real-time PCR and Western-blot analysis we analyzed expression of seven splicing factors belonging to SR proteins family (SF2/ASF, SC35, SRp20, SRp75, SRp40, SRp55 and 9G8), and one non-SR factor, hnRNP A1 (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1) in 38 pairs of tumor-control ccRCC samples. Moreover, we analyzed splicing patterns of five genes involved in carcinogenesis and partially regulated by analyzed splicing factors: RON, CEACAM1, Rac1, Caspase-9, and GLI1. Conclusions/Significance We found that the mRNA expression of splicing factors was disturbed in tumors when compared to paired controls, similarly as levels of SF2/ASF and hnRNP A1 proteins. The correlation coefficients between expression levels of specific splicing factors were increased in tumor samples. Moreover, alternative splicing of five analyzed genes was also disturbed in ccRCC samples and splicing pattern of two of them, Caspase-9 and CEACAM1 correlated with expression of SF2/ASF in tumors. We conclude that disturbed expression of splicing factors in ccRCC may possibly lead to impaired alternative splicing of genes regulating tumor growth and this way contribute to the process of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanna Wiszomirska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Wojcicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Poplawski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Boguslawska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Alicja Nauman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
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