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Florentino RM, Morita K, Haep N, Motomura T, Diaz-Aragon R, Faccioli LA, Collin de l’Hortet A, Cetin Z, Frau C, Vernetti L, Amler AK, Thomas A, Lam T, Kloke L, Takeishi K, Taylor DL, Fox IJ, Soto-Gutierrez A. Biofabrication of synthetic human liver tissue with advanced programmable functions. iScience 2022; 25:105503. [PMID: 36404924 PMCID: PMC9672940 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in cellular engineering, as well as gene, and cell therapy, may be used to produce human tissues with programmable genetically enhanced functions designed to model and/or treat specific diseases. Fabrication of synthetic human liver tissue with these programmable functions has not been described. By generating human iPSCs with target gene expression controlled by a guide RNA-directed CRISPR-Cas9 synergistic-activation-mediator, we produced synthetic human liver tissues with programmable functions. Such iPSCs were guide-RNA-treated to enhance expression of the clinically relevant CYP3A4 and UGT1A1 genes, and after hepatocyte-directed differentiation, cells demonstrated enhanced functions compared to those found in primary human hepatocytes. We then generated human liver tissue with these synthetic human iPSC-derived hepatocytes (iHeps) and other non-parenchymal cells demonstrating advanced programmable functions. Fabrication of synthetic human liver tissue with modifiable functional genetic programs may be a useful tool for drug discovery, investigating biology, and potentially creating bioengineered organs with specialized functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo M. Florentino
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kazutoyo Morita
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nils Haep
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Takashi Motomura
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Zeliha Cetin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carla Frau
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lawrence Vernetti
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Tobias Lam
- Cellbricks GmbH, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz Kloke
- Cellbricks GmbH, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kazuki Takeishi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - D. Lansing Taylor
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ira J. Fox
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alejandro Soto-Gutierrez
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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2
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Tafaleng EN, Mukherjee A, Bell A, Morita K, Guzman-Lepe J, Haep N, Florentino RM, Diaz-Aragon R, Frau C, Ostrowska A, Schultz JR, Martini PGV, Soto-Gutierrez A, Fox IJ. Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 alpha 2 Messenger RNA Reprograms Liver-Enriched Transcription Factors and Functional Proteins in End-Stage Cirrhotic Human Hepatocytes. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:1911-1926. [PMID: 34558820 PMCID: PMC8557308 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The only definitive therapy for end-stage liver disease is whole-organ transplantation. The success of this intervention is severely limited by the complexity of the surgery, the cost of patient care, the need for long-term immunosuppression, and the shortage of donor organs. In rodents and humans, end-stage degeneration of hepatocyte function is associated with disruption of the liver-specific transcriptional network and a nearly complete loss of promoter P1-driven hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha (P1-HNF4α) activity. Re-expression of HNF4α2, the predominant P1-HNF4α, reinstates the transcriptional network, normalizes the genes important for hepatocyte function, and reverses liver failure in rodents. In this study, we tested the effectiveness of supplementary expression of human HNF4α2 messenger RNA (mRNA) in primary human hepatocytes isolated from explanted livers of patients who underwent transplant for end-stage irreversibly decompensated liver failure (Child-Pugh B, C) resulting from alcohol-mediated cirrhosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Re-expression of HNF4α2 in decompensated cirrhotic human hepatocytes corrects the disrupted transcriptional network and normalizes the expression of genes important for hepatocyte function, improving liver-specific protein expression. End-stage liver disease in humans is associated with both loss of P1-HNF4α expression and failure of its localization to the nucleus. We found that while HNF4α2 re-expression increased the amount of P1-HNF4α protein in hepatocytes, it did not alter the ability of hepatocytes to localize P1-HNF4α to their nuclei. Conclusion: Re-expression of HNF4α2 mRNA in livers of patients with end-stage disease may be an effective therapy for terminal liver failure that would circumvent the need for organ transplantation. The efficacy of this strategy may be enhanced by discovering the cause for loss of nuclear P1-HNF4α localization in end-stage cirrhosis, a process not found in rodent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar N Tafaleng
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Aaron Bell
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA.,Pittsburgh Liver Research CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Kazutoyo Morita
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Jorge Guzman-Lepe
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Nils Haep
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Rodrigo M Florentino
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Ricardo Diaz-Aragon
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Carla Frau
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Alina Ostrowska
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA.,Department of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA.,Pittsburgh Liver Research CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | | | | | - Alejandro Soto-Gutierrez
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA.,Pittsburgh Liver Research CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Ira J Fox
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA.,Pittsburgh Liver Research CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
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3
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Faccioli LAP, Kocas-Kilicarslan ZN, Diaz-Aragon R, Motomura T, Amirneni S, Malizio MR, Coard MC, Frau C, Haep N, Florentino RM, Ostrowska A. Human Hepatocytes Isolated from Explanted Livers: A Powerful Tool to Understand End-stage Liver Disease and Drug Screening. Organogenesis 2021; 17:117-125. [PMID: 35114888 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2021.1992216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of primary human hepatocytes has been hampered by limited availability of adequate numbers of fresh and viable cells due to the ongoing shortage of liver donors. Thus, there is no surplus of healthy organs from which freshly isolated cells can be prepared when needed. However, primary hepatocytes can be successfully isolated from explanted liver specimens obtained from patients receiving orthotopic liver transplantation for decompensated liver cirrhosis or for metabolic liver disease without end-stage liver disease and are a valuable resource for the pharmaceutical industry research. This review focuses on the isolation, characterization and cryopreservation of hepatocytes derived from therapeutically resected livers with various hepatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanuza A P Faccioli
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Ricardo Diaz-Aragon
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Takashi Motomura
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sriram Amirneni
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michelle R Malizio
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael C Coard
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carla Frau
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nils Haep
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rodrigo M Florentino
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of Upmc, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alina Ostrowska
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of Upmc, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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4
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Diaz-Aragon R, Coard MC, Amirneni S, Faccioli L, Haep N, Malizio MR, Motomura T, Kocas-Kilicarslan ZN, Ostrowska A, Florentino RM, Frau C. Therapeutic Potential of HNF4α in End-stage Liver Disease. Organogenesis 2021; 17:126-135. [PMID: 35114889 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2021.1994273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of end-stage liver disease (ESLD) in the US is increasing at an alarming rate. It can be caused by several factors; however, one of the most common routes begins with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). ESLD is diagnosed by the presence of irreversible damage to the liver. Currently, the only definitive treatment for ESLD is orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Nevertheless, OLT is limited due to a shortage of donor livers. Several promising alternative treatment options are under investigation. Researchers have focused on the effect of liver-enriched transcription factors (LETFs) on disease progression. Specifically, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha (HNF4α) has been reported to reset the liver transcription network and possibly play a role in the regression of fibrosis and cirrhosis. In this review, we describe the function of HNF4α, along with its regulation at various levels. In addition, we summarize the role of HNF4α in ESLD and its potential as a therapeutic target in the treatment of ESLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Diaz-Aragon
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael C Coard
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sriram Amirneni
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lanuza Faccioli
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nils Haep
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michelle R Malizio
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Takashi Motomura
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Alina Ostrowska
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rodrigo M Florentino
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carla Frau
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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5
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Godart M, Frau C, Farhat D, Giolito MV, Jamard C, Le Nevé C, Freund JN, Penalva LO, Sirakov M, Plateroti M. Murine intestinal stem cells are highly sensitive to modulation of the T3/TRα1-dependent pathway. Development 2021; 148:dev.194357. [PMID: 33757992 DOI: 10.1242/dev.194357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The thyroid hormone T3 and its nuclear receptor TRα1 control gut development and homeostasis through the modulation of intestinal crypt cell proliferation. Despite increasing data, in-depth analysis on their specific action on intestinal stem cells is lacking. By using ex vivo 3D organoid cultures and molecular approaches, we observed early responses to T3 involving the T3-metabolizing enzyme Dio1 and the transporter Mct10, accompanied by a complex response of stem cell- and progenitor-enriched genes. Interestingly, specific TRα1 loss-of-function (inducible or constitutive) was responsible for low ex vivo organoid development and impaired stem cell activity. T3 treatment of animals in vivo not only confirmed the positive action of this hormone on crypt cell proliferation but also demonstrated its key action in modulating the number of stem cells, the expression of their specific markers and the commitment of progenitors into lineage-specific differentiation. In conclusion, T3 treatment or TRα1 modulation has a rapid and strong effect on intestinal stem cells, broadening our perspectives in the study of T3/TRα1-dependent signaling in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Godart
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de la recherche, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Carla Frau
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de la recherche, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Diana Farhat
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de la recherche, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Maria Virginia Giolito
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de la recherche, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Jamard
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de la recherche, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Clementine Le Nevé
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de la recherche, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Noel Freund
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, FMTS, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Luiz O Penalva
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Maria Sirakov
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Michelina Plateroti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de la recherche, 69000 Lyon, France
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6
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Frau C, Jamard C, Delpouve G, Guardia GDA, Machon C, Pilati C, Nevé CL, Laurent-Puig P, Guitton J, Galante PAF, Penalva LO, Freund JN, de la Fouchardiere C, Plateroti M. Deciphering the Role of Intestinal Crypt Cell Populations in Resistance to Chemotherapy. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2730-2744. [PMID: 33741693 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal crypts are composed of heterogeneous and highly plastic cell populations. Lgr5high-stem cells (SC) are responsible for homeostatic renewal, but other cells can revert to an SC-like phenotype to maintain epithelial integrity. Despite their distinct roles in orchestrating homeostasis, both populations have been designated as the putative "cell-of-origin" of colorectal cancer. However, their respective involvement in the emergence of drug-resistant cancer SCs (CSC), responsible for tumor relapse and associated with poor outcome of colorectal cancer, remains elusive. In this context, the intestinal SC/progenitor-marker Musashi1 (MSI1) is interesting as it plays important functions in intestinal homeostasis and is frequently overexpressed in human colorectal cancer. Therefore, our aims were: (i) to study the impact of chemotherapy on Lgr5-expressing and MSI1-expressing cell populations, (ii) to explore the effect of increased MSI1 levels in response to treatment, and (iii) to evaluate the relevance in human colorectal cancer. Engineered mouse models treated with the therapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil showed that upon increased MSI1 levels, Lgr5high SCs remain sensitive while Lgr5low progenitors reprogram to a drug-resistant phenotype. This resulted in the expansion of an MSI1-expressing cell subpopulation with improved resistance to DNA damage and increased detoxification, typical properties of dormant-CSCs that can reactivate after chemotherapy. Analysis in patients with colorectal cancer revealed a correlation between MSI1 levels and tumor grading, CSC phenotype, and chemoresistance. Altogether, these results shed new light on the biology and plasticity of normal crypt and cancer cell populations and also open new perspectives to target MSI1 to improve chemotherapy outcome. SIGNIFICANCE: This study unveils paradoxical roles for MSI1, underlining its importance in facilitating intestinal regeneration upon injury but also unraveling its new function in drug-resistant colorectal cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Frau
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Jamard
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Gaspard Delpouve
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Christelle Machon
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biochimie et Pharmaco-toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Camilla Pilati
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Clémentine Le Nevé
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Department of Biology, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Guitton
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biochimie et Pharmaco-toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Pedro A F Galante
- Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz O Penalva
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jean-Noel Freund
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Michelina Plateroti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
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7
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Giolito MV, Claret L, Frau C, Plateroti M. A Three-dimensional Model of Spheroids to Study Colon Cancer Stem Cells. J Vis Exp 2021. [PMID: 33554962 DOI: 10.3791/61783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancers are characterized by heterogeneity and a hierarchical organization comprising a population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) responsible for tumor development, maintenance, and resistance to drugs. A better understanding of CSC properties for their specific targeting is, therefore, a pre-requisite for effective therapy. However, there is a paucity of suitable preclinical models for in-depth investigations. Although in vitro two-dimensional (2D) cancer cell lines provide valuable insights into tumor biology, they do not replicate the phenotypic and genetic tumor heterogeneity. In contrast, three-dimensional (3D) models address and reproduce near-physiological cancer complexity and cell heterogeneity. The aim of this work was to design a robust and reproducible 3D culture system to study CSC biology. The present methodology describes the development and optimization of conditions to generate 3D spheroids, which are homogenous in size, from Caco2 colon adenocarcinoma cells, a model that can be used for long-term culture. Importantly, within the spheroids, the cells which were organized around lumen-like structures, were characterized by differential cell proliferation patterns and by the presence of CSCs expressing a panel of markers. These results provide the first proof-of-concept for the appropriateness of this 3D approach to study cell heterogeneity and CSC biology, including the response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Virginia Giolito
- Département de la recherche, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard; UMR-S1113 - IRFAC INSERM, Université de Strasbourg
| | - Léo Claret
- Département de la recherche, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard; UMR-S1113 - IRFAC INSERM, Université de Strasbourg
| | - Carla Frau
- Département de la recherche, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard
| | - Michelina Plateroti
- Département de la recherche, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard; UMR-S1113 - IRFAC INSERM, Université de Strasbourg;
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8
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Ducheix S, Peres C, Härdfeldt J, Frau C, Mocciaro G, Piccinin E, Lobaccaro JM, De Santis S, Chieppa M, Bertrand-Michel J, Plateroti M, Griffin JL, Sabbà C, Ntambi JM, Moschetta A. Deletion of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 From the Intestinal Epithelium Promotes Inflammation and Tumorigenesis, Reversed by Dietary Oleate. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:1524-1538.e9. [PMID: 30063922 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The enzyme stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD or SCD1) produces monounsaturated fatty acids by introducing double bonds into saturated bonds between carbons 9 and 10, with oleic acid as the main product. SCD1 is present in the intestinal epithelium, and fatty acids regulate cell proliferation, so we investigated the effects of SCD1-induced production of oleic acid in enterocytes in mice. METHODS We generated mice with disruption of Scd1 selectively in the intestinal epithelium (iScd1-/- mice) on a C57BL/6 background; iScd1+/+ mice were used as controls. We also generated iScd1-/-ApcMin/+ mice and studied cancer susceptibility. Mice were fed a chow, oleic acid-deficient, or oleic acid-rich diet. Intestinal tissues were collected and analyzed by histology, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and mass spectrometry, and tumors were quantified and measured. RESULTS Compared with control mice, the ileal mucosa of iScd1-/- mice had a lower proportion of palmitoleic (C16:1 n-7) and oleic acids (C18:1 n-9), with accumulation of stearic acid (C18:0); this resulted a reduction of the Δ9 desaturation ratio between monounsaturated (C16:1 n-7 and C18:1 n-9) and saturated (C16:0 and C18:0) fatty acids. Ileal tissues from iScd1-/- mice had increased expression of markers of inflammation activation and crypt proliferative genes compared with control mice. The iScd1-/-ApcMin/+ mice developed more and larger tumors than iScd1+/+ApcMin/+ mice. iScd1-/-ApcMin/+ mice fed the oleic acid-rich diet had reduced intestinal inflammation and significantly lower tumor burden compared with mice fed a chow diet. CONCLUSIONS In studies of mice, we found intestinal SCD1 to be required for synthesis of oleate in the enterocytes and maintenance of fatty acid homeostasis. Dietary supplementation with oleic acid reduces intestinal inflammation and tumor development in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ducheix
- Clinica Medica Cesare Frugoni, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italia
| | - Claudia Peres
- Clinica Medica Cesare Frugoni, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italia
| | - Jennifer Härdfeldt
- Clinica Medica Cesare Frugoni, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italia
| | - Carla Frau
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Département de la recherche, Lyon, France
| | - Gabriele Mocciaro
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Piccinin
- Clinica Medica Cesare Frugoni, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italia
| | - Jean-Marc Lobaccaro
- INSERM U 1103, CNRS, UMR 6293, Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, F-6300 Aubière, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Stefania De Santis
- IRCCS National Institute of Gastroenterology S. de Bellis, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Marcello Chieppa
- IRCCS National Institute of Gastroenterology S. de Bellis, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Justine Bertrand-Michel
- Lipidomic Facility, MetaboHUB, INSERM, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - Michelina Plateroti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Département de la recherche, Lyon, France
| | - Julian L Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carlo Sabbà
- Clinica Medica Cesare Frugoni, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italia
| | - James M Ntambi
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Departments of Biochemistry and of Nutritional Sciences, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Clinica Medica Cesare Frugoni, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italia; IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italia.
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9
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Uchuya-Castillo J, Aznar N, Frau C, Martinez P, Le Nevé C, Marisa L, Penalva LOF, Laurent-Puig P, Puisieux A, Scoazec JY, Samarut J, Ansieau S, Plateroti M. Increased expression of the thyroid hormone nuclear receptor TRα1 characterizes intestinal tumors with high Wnt activity. Oncotarget 2018; 9:30979-30996. [PMID: 30123421 PMCID: PMC6089551 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous work demonstrated a key function of the thyroid hormone nuclear receptor TRα1, a T3-modulated transcription factor, in controlling intestinal development and homeostasis via the Wnt and Notch pathways. Importantly, increased expression of TRα1 in the intestinal epithelium in a mutated Apc genetic background (vil-TRα1/Apc+/1638N mice) accelerated tumorigenesis and contributed to a more aggressive tumor phenotype compared to that of the Apc mutants alone. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relevance of this synergistic effect in human colorectal cancers and to gain insights into the mechanisms involved. We analyzed cohorts of patients by in silico and experimental approaches and observed increased TRα1 expression and a significant correlation between TRα1 levels and Wnt activity. TRα1 loss-of-function and gain-of-function in Caco2 cell lines not only confirmed that TRα1 levels control Wnt activity but also demonstrated the role of TRα1 in regulating cell proliferation and migration. Finally, upon investigation of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the Wnt-TRα1 association, we described the repression by TRα1 of several Wnt inhibitors, including Frzb, Sox17 and Wif1. In conclusion, our results underline an important functional interplay between the thyroid hormone nuclear receptor TRα1 and the canonical Wnt pathway in intestinal cancer initiation and progression. More importantly, we show for the first time that the expression of TRα1 is induced in human colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Uchuya-Castillo
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de la recherche, Lyon 69000, France
| | - Nicolas Aznar
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de la recherche, Lyon 69000, France
| | - Carla Frau
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de la recherche, Lyon 69000, France
| | - Pierre Martinez
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de la recherche, Lyon 69000, France
| | - Clementine Le Nevé
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de la recherche, Lyon 69000, France
| | - Laetitia Marisa
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris 75000, France
| | - Luiz O F Penalva
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | - Alain Puisieux
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de la recherche, Lyon 69000, France
| | | | - Jacques Samarut
- Institute de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Lyon 69342, France
| | - Stephane Ansieau
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de la recherche, Lyon 69000, France
| | - Michelina Plateroti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de la recherche, Lyon 69000, France
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10
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Frau C, Godart M, Plateroti M. Thyroid hormone regulation of intestinal epithelial stem cell biology. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 459:90-97. [PMID: 28288904 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is a well-characterized target of thyroid hormones and thyroid hormone nuclear receptors TRs, as extensively described in the literature. The paradigm is its important remodelling in amphibians during thyroid hormone-dependent metamorphosis. Interestingly, several studies have described the conservation of this hormonal signal during intestinal development in mammals. Additional data suggested that it may also play a role in intestinal homeostasis, stem cell physiology and progenitor commitment as well as in tumour development. It is worth underlining that in the mammalian intestine the functionality of the TRα1 receptor is coordinated and integrated with other signalling pathways, such as Wnt and Notch, specifically at the level of stem/progenitor cell populations. Here, we summarize these data and concepts and discuss this new role for thyroid hormones and the TRα1 receptor in the biology of intestinal epithelial precursor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Frau
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de La Recherche, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Matthias Godart
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de La Recherche, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Michelina Plateroti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de La Recherche, 69000 Lyon, France.
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11
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Sirakov M, Boussouar A, Kress E, Frau C, Lone IN, Nadjar J, Angelov D, Plateroti M. The thyroid hormone nuclear receptor TRα1 controls the Notch signaling pathway and cell fate in murine intestine. Development 2015; 142:2764-74. [PMID: 26286942 DOI: 10.1242/dev.121962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones control various aspects of gut development and homeostasis. The best-known example is in gastrointestinal tract remodeling during amphibian metamorphosis. It is well documented that these hormones act via the TR nuclear receptors, which are hormone-modulated transcription factors. Several studies have shown that thyroid hormones regulate the expression of several genes in the Notch signaling pathway, indicating a possible means by which they participate in the control of gut physiology. However, the mechanisms and biological significance of this control have remained unexplored. Using multiple in vivo and in vitro approaches, we show that thyroid hormones positively regulate Notch activity through the TRα1 receptor. From a molecular point of view, TRα1 indirectly controls Notch1, Dll1, Dll4 and Hes1 expression but acts as a direct transcriptional regulator of the Jag1 gene by binding to a responsive element in the Jag1 promoter. Our findings show that the TRα1 nuclear receptor plays a key role in intestinal crypt progenitor/stem cell biology by controlling the Notch pathway and hence the balance between cell proliferation and cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sirakov
- Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 16 Rue Raphael Dubois, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Amina Boussouar
- Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 16 Rue Raphael Dubois, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Elsa Kress
- Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 16 Rue Raphael Dubois, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Carla Frau
- Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 16 Rue Raphael Dubois, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Imtiaz Nisar Lone
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la cellule, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Julien Nadjar
- Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 16 Rue Raphael Dubois, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Dimitar Angelov
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la cellule, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Michelina Plateroti
- Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 16 Rue Raphael Dubois, Villeurbanne 69622, France
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12
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Frau C, Loi R, Petrelli A, Perra A, Menegon S, Kowalik MA, Pinna S, Leoni VP, Fornari F, Gramantieri L, Ledda-Columbano GM, Giordano S, Columbano A. Local hypothyroidism favors the progression of preneoplastic lesions to hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. Hepatology 2015; 61:249-59. [PMID: 25156012 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors that mediate most of the effects elicited by the thyroid hormone, 3,5,3'-L-triiodothyronine (T3). TRs have been implicated in tumorigenesis, although it is unclear whether they act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, and at which stage of tumorigenesis their dysregulation occurs. Using the resistant-hepatocyte rat model (R-H model), we found down-regulation of TRβ1 and TRα1 and their target genes in early preneoplastic lesions and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCCs), suggesting that a hypothyroid status favors the onset and progression of preneoplastic lesions to HCC. Notably, TRβ1 and, to a lesser extent, TRα1 down-regulation was observed only in preneoplastic lesions positive for the progenitor cell marker, cytokeratin-19 (Krt-19) and characterized by a higher proliferative activity, compared to the Krt-19 negative ones. TRβ1 down-regulation was observed also in the vast majority of the analyzed human HCCs, compared to the matched peritumorous liver or to normal liver. Hyperthyroidism induced by T3 treatment caused up-regulation of TRβ1 and of its target genes in Krt-19(+) preneoplastic rat lesions and was associated with nodule regression. In HCC, TRβ1 down-regulation was not the result of hypermethylation of its promoter, but was associated with an increased expression of TRβ1-targeting microRNAs ([miR]-27a, -181a, and -204). An inverse correlation between TRβ1 and miR-181a was also found in human cirrhotic peritumoral tissue, compared to normal liver. CONCLUSION Down-regulation of TRs, especially TRβ1, is an early and relevant event in liver cancer development and is species and etiology independent. The results also suggest that a hypothyroid status of preneoplastic lesions may contribute to their progression to HCC and that the reversion of this condition may represent a possible therapeutic goal to interfere with the development of this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Frau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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13
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Diaz J, Fernandez-Arjona M, Perandones C, Serrano E, Frau C, Cortes I, Luque A, Carbonell LF. Reference intervals for biochemistry parameters for evaluation of oxidative stress in human sperm. Clin Chem 1998; 44:2197-9. [PMID: 9761257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Diaz
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Santa Barbara, Puertollano (Ciudad Real), Spain
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