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Bao M, Hua X, Chen X, An T, Mo H, Sun Z, Tao M, Yue G, Song J. PICALM Regulating the Generation of Amyloid β-Peptide to Promote Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2401945. [PMID: 38935046 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Anthracyclines are chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat solid and hematologic malignancies. However, life-threatening cardiotoxicity, with cardiac dilation and heart failure, is a drawback. A combination of in vivo for single cell/nucleus RNA sequencing and in vitro approaches is used to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Genetic depletion and pharmacological blocking peptides on phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly (PICALM) are used to evaluate the role of PICALM in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in vivo. Human heart tissue samples are used for verification. Patients with end-stage heart failure and chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity have thinner cell membranes compared to healthy controls do. Using the doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity mice model, it is possible to replicate the corresponding phenotype in patients. Cellular changes in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in mice, especially in cardiomyocytes, are identified using single cell/nucleus RNA sequencing. Picalm expression is upregulated only in cardiomyocytes with doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Amyloid β-peptide production is also increased after doxorubicin treatment, which leads to a greater increase in the membrane permeability of cardiomyocytes. Genetic depletion and pharmacological blocking peptides on Picalm reduce the generation of amyloid β-peptide. This alleviates the doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. In human heart tissue samples of patients with chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, PICALM, and amyloid β-peptide are elevated as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengni Bao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Xiumeng Hua
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China
- The Cardiomyopathy Research Group, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China
- The Cardiomyopathy Research Group, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China
| | - Tao An
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China
| | - Han Mo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Menghao Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China
| | - Guangxin Yue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jiangping Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China
- The Cardiomyopathy Research Group, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China
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Chen C, Anqi W, Ling G, Shan W, Liangjun D, Suhang S, Kang H, Fan G, Jingyi W, Qiumin Q, Jin W. Atherosclerosis is associated with plasma Aβ levels in non-hypertension patients. BMC Neurol 2024; 24:218. [PMID: 38918722 PMCID: PMC11197226 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03722-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence indicated that to develop of atherosclerosis observed more often by people with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the underlying mechanism is not fully clarified. Considering that amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the brain is the key pathophysiology of AD and plasma Aβ is closely relate to Aβ deposition in the brain, in the present study, we investigated the relationships between atherosclerosis and plasma Aβ levels. METHODS This was a population based cross-sectional study. Patients with high risk of atherosclerosis from Qubao Village, Xi'an were underwent carotid ultrasound for assessment of atherosclerosis. Venous blood was collected on empty stomach in the morning and plasma Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 levels were measured using ELISA. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationships between carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) and plasma Aβ levels. RESULTS Among 344 patients with high risk of atherosclerosis, 251(73.0%) had CAS. In the univariate analysis, the plasma Aβ levels had no significant differences between CAS group and non-CAS group (Aβ1-40: 53.07 ± 9.24 pg/ml vs. 51.67 ± 9.11pg/ml, p = 0.211; Aβ1-42: 40.10 ± 5.57 pg/ml vs. 40.70 pg/ml ± 6.37pg/ml, p = 0.285). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that plasma Aβ levels were not associated with CAS (Aβ1-40: OR = 1.019, 95%CI: 0.985-1.054, p = 0.270;Aβ1-42: OR = 1.028, 95%CI: 0.980-1.079, p = 0.256) in the total study population. After stratified by hypertension, CAS was associated with plasma Aβ1-40 positively (OR = 1.063, 95%CI: 1.007-1.122, p = 0.028) in the non-hypertension group, but not in hypertensive group. When the plasma Aβ concentrations were classified into four groups according to its quartile, the highest level of plasma Aβ1-40 group was associated with CAS significantly (OR = 4.465, 95%CI: 1.024-19.474, p = 0.046). CONCLUSION Among patients with high risk of atherosclerosis, CAS was associated with higher plasma Aβ1-40 level in non-hypertension group, but not in hypertension group. These indicated that atherosclerosis is associated with plasma Aβ level, but the relationship may be confounded by hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Rd, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wang Anqi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Rd, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Gao Ling
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Rd, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wei Shan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Rd, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Dang Liangjun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Rd, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Shang Suhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Rd, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Huo Kang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Rd, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Gao Fan
- Clinical research center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wang Jingyi
- Huyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Qu Qiumin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Rd, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Wang Jin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Rd, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Abyadeh M, Gupta V, Paulo JA, Mahmoudabad AG, Shadfar S, Mirshahvaladi S, Gupta V, Nguyen CTO, Finkelstein DI, You Y, Haynes PA, Salekdeh GH, Graham SL, Mirzaei M. Amyloid-beta and tau protein beyond Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1262-1276. [PMID: 37905874 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.386406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aggregation of amyloid-beta peptide and tau protein dysregulation are implicated to play key roles in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and are considered the main pathological hallmarks of this devastating disease. Physiologically, these two proteins are produced and expressed within the normal human body. However, under pathological conditions, abnormal expression, post-translational modifications, conformational changes, and truncation can make these proteins prone to aggregation, triggering specific disease-related cascades. Recent studies have indicated associations between aberrant behavior of amyloid-beta and tau proteins and various neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as retinal neurodegenerative diseases like Glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration. Additionally, these proteins have been linked to cardiovascular disease, cancer, traumatic brain injury, and diabetes, which are all leading causes of morbidity and mortality. In this comprehensive review, we provide an overview of the connections between amyloid-beta and tau proteins and a spectrum of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Sina Shadfar
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shahab Mirshahvaladi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Veer Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Christine T O Nguyen
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David I Finkelstein
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul A Haynes
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Ghasem H Salekdeh
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Del Moral LE, Lerma C, González-Pacheco H, Chávez-Lázaro AC, Massó F, Rodriguez E. Correlation of Plasmatic Amyloid Beta Peptides (Aβ-40, Aβ-42) with Myocardial Injury and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Acute Coronary Syndrome. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1117. [PMID: 38398429 PMCID: PMC10889335 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13041117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective: Amyloid beta (β) -40 levels increase with age and inflammation states and appear to be associated with clinical manifestations of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We investigated the correlation of Aβ peptides with myocardial injury and inflammation biomarkers in patients with or without ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI, NSTEMI). Methods: This singe-center, cross-sectional, observational, and correlation study included 65 patients with ACS (n = 34 STEMI, 29 males, age = 58 ± 12 years; n = 31 NSTEMI, 22 males, age = 60 ± 12 years) who were enrolled in the coronary care unit within 12 h after symptom onset from February 2022 to May 2023. Aβ peptide levels and biochemical parameters were assessed. Results: NSTEMI patients had a higher prevalence of hypertension (p = 0.039), diabetes (p = 0.043), smoking (p = 0.003), and prior myocardial infarction (p = 0.010) compared to STEMI patients. We observed a higher level of Aβ-42 in NSTEMI (p = 0.001) but no difference in Aβ-40 levels. We also found a correlation between age and NT-proBNP with both Aβ peptides (Aβ-40, Aβ-42) (p = 0.001, p = 0.002 respectively). Conclusions: Our results show that patients with NSTEMI had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and prior myocardial infarction). Considering these results, we propose that Aβ-42 can add value to risk stratification in NSTEMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Eduardo Del Moral
- Translacional Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (L.E.D.M.); (A.C.C.-L.); (F.M.)
| | - Claudia Lerma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Héctor González-Pacheco
- Coronary Care Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Alan Cristhian Chávez-Lázaro
- Translacional Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (L.E.D.M.); (A.C.C.-L.); (F.M.)
| | - Felipe Massó
- Translacional Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (L.E.D.M.); (A.C.C.-L.); (F.M.)
| | - Emma Rodriguez
- Translacional Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (L.E.D.M.); (A.C.C.-L.); (F.M.)
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Yang C, Mu Y, Li S, Zhang Y, Liu X, Li J. Tanshinone IIA: a Chinese herbal ingredient for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1321880. [PMID: 38108067 PMCID: PMC10722201 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1321880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is a fat-soluble compound extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza, which has a protective effect against atherosclerosis (AS). Tan IIA can inhibit oxidative stress and inflammatory damage of vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and improve endothelial cell dysfunction. Tan IIA also has a good protective effect on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). It can reduce vascular stenosis by inhibiting the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and improve the stability of the fibrous cap of atherosclerotic plaque by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation of VSMCs. In addition, Tan IIA inhibits the inflammatory response of macrophages and the formation of foam cells in atherosclerotic plaques. In summary, Tan IIA improves AS through a complex pathway. We propose to further study the specific molecular targets of Tan IIA using systems biology methods, so as to fundamentally elucidate the mechanism of Tan IIA. It is worth mentioning that there is a lack of high-quality evidence-based medical data on Tan IIA treatment of AS. We recommend that a randomized controlled clinical trial be conducted to evaluate the exact efficacy of Tan IIA in improving AS. Finally, sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) can cause adverse drug reactions in some patients, which needs our attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunkun Yang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Shuanghong Li
- Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Liu
- Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, China
| | - Jun Li
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Liao J, Chen G, Liu X, Wei ZZ, Yu SP, Chen Q, Ye K. C/EBPβ/AEP signaling couples atherosclerosis to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3034-3046. [PMID: 35422468 PMCID: PMC9912845 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01556-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (ATH) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are both age-dependent inflammatory diseases, associated with infiltrated macrophages and vascular pathology and overlapping molecules. C/EBPβ, an Aβ or inflammatory cytokine-activated transcription factor, and AEP (asparagine endopeptidase) are intimately implicated in both ATH and AD; however, whether C/EBPβ/AEP signaling couples ATH to AD pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Here we show that C/EBPβ/AEP pathway mediates ATH pathology and couples ATH to AD. Deletion of C/EBPβ or AEP from primary macrophages diminishes cholesterol load, and inactivation of this pathway reduces foam cell formation and lesions in aorta in ApoE-/- mice, fed with HFD (high-fat-diet). Knockout of ApoE from 3xTg AD mouse model augments serum LDL and increases lesion areas in the aorta. Depletion of C/EBPβ or AEP from 3xTg/ApoE-/- mice substantially attenuates these effects and elevates cerebral blood flow and vessel length, improving cognitive functions. Strikingly, knockdown of ApoE from the hippocampus of 3xTg mice decreases the cerebral blood flow and vessel length and aggravates AD pathologies, leading to cognitive deficits. Inactivation of C/EBPβ/AEP pathway alleviates these events and restores cognitive functions. Hence, our findings demonstrate that C/EBPβ/AEP signaling couples ATH to AD via mediating vascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Liao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Guiqin Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Zheng Zachory Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Shan Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Plasma amyloid-β40 in relation to subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease: A population-based study. Atherosclerosis 2022; 348:44-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Jang S, Chapa-Dubocq XR, Parodi-Rullán RM, Fossati S, Javadov S. Beta-Amyloid Instigates Dysfunction of Mitochondria in Cardiac Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030373. [PMID: 35159183 PMCID: PMC8834545 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) includes the formation of extracellular deposits comprising aggregated β-amyloid (Aβ) fibers associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial abnormalities, and neuronal loss. There is an associative link between AD and cardiac diseases; however, the mechanisms underlying the potential role of AD, particularly Aβ in cardiac cells, remain unknown. Here, we investigated the role of mitochondria in mediating the effects of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 in cultured cardiomyocytes and primary coronary endothelial cells. Our results demonstrated that Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 are differently accumulated in cardiomyocytes and coronary endothelial cells. Aβ1-42 had more adverse effects than Aβ1-40 on cell viability and mitochondrial function in both types of cells. Mitochondrial and cellular ROS were significantly increased, whereas mitochondrial membrane potential and calcium retention capacity decreased in both types of cells in response to Aβ1-42. Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by Aβ was associated with apoptosis of the cells. The effects of Aβ1-42 on mitochondria and cell death were more evident in coronary endothelial cells. In addition, Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 significantly increased Ca2+ -induced swelling in mitochondria isolated from the intact rat hearts. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the toxic effects of Aβ on cell survival and mitochondria function in cardiac cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehwan Jang
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; (S.J.); (X.R.C.-D.)
| | - Xavier R. Chapa-Dubocq
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; (S.J.); (X.R.C.-D.)
| | - Rebecca M. Parodi-Rullán
- Alzheimer’s Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (R.M.P.-R.); (S.F.)
| | - Silvia Fossati
- Alzheimer’s Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (R.M.P.-R.); (S.F.)
| | - Sabzali Javadov
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; (S.J.); (X.R.C.-D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-787-758-2525 (ext. 2909)
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Wagner J, Degenhardt K, Veit M, Louros N, Konstantoulea K, Skodras A, Wild K, Liu P, Obermüller U, Bansal V, Dalmia A, Häsler LM, Lambert M, De Vleeschouwer M, Davies HA, Madine J, Kronenberg-Versteeg D, Feederle R, Del Turco D, Nilsson KPR, Lashley T, Deller T, Gearing M, Walker LC, Heutink P, Rousseau F, Schymkowitz J, Jucker M, Neher JJ. Medin co-aggregates with vascular amyloid-β in Alzheimer's disease. Nature 2022; 612:123-131. [PMID: 36385530 PMCID: PMC9712113 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05440-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aggregates of medin amyloid (a fragment of the protein MFG-E8, also known as lactadherin) are found in the vasculature of almost all humans over 50 years of age1,2, making it the most common amyloid currently known. We recently reported that medin also aggregates in blood vessels of ageing wild-type mice, causing cerebrovascular dysfunction3. Here we demonstrate in amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice and in patients with Alzheimer's disease that medin co-localizes with vascular amyloid-β deposits, and that in mice, medin deficiency reduces vascular amyloid-β deposition by half. Moreover, in both the mouse and human brain, MFG-E8 is highly enriched in the vasculature and both MFG-E8 and medin levels increase with the severity of vascular amyloid-β burden. Additionally, analysing data from 566 individuals in the ROSMAP cohort, we find that patients with Alzheimer's disease have higher MFGE8 expression levels, which are attributable to vascular cells and are associated with increased measures of cognitive decline, independent of plaque and tau pathology. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that medin interacts directly with amyloid-β to promote its aggregation, as medin forms heterologous fibrils with amyloid-β, affects amyloid-β fibril structure, and cross-seeds amyloid-β aggregation both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, medin could be a therapeutic target for prevention of vascular damage and cognitive decline resulting from amyloid-β deposition in the blood vessels of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wagner
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karoline Degenhardt
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marleen Veit
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Louros
- grid.511015.1Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katerina Konstantoulea
- grid.511015.1Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Angelos Skodras
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katleen Wild
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ping Liu
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Obermüller
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vikas Bansal
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anupriya Dalmia
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lisa M. Häsler
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marius Lambert
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias De Vleeschouwer
- grid.511015.1Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannah A. Davies
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK ,grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jillian Madine
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK ,grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Deborah Kronenberg-Versteeg
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Regina Feederle
- grid.4567.00000 0004 0483 2525Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany ,grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Domenico Del Turco
- grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - K. Peter R. Nilsson
- grid.5640.70000 0001 2162 9922Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Thomas Deller
- grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Marla Gearing
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Lary C. Walker
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Neurology and Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Peter Heutink
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frederic Rousseau
- grid.511015.1Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joost Schymkowitz
- grid.511015.1Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathias Jucker
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas J. Neher
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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10
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Pagni G, Tagliarini C, Carbone MG, Imbimbo BP, Marazziti D, Pomara N. Different Sides of Depression in the Elderly: An In-depth View on the Role of Aβ Peptides. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:5731-5757. [PMID: 34547994 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210921164816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late-onset depression (LOD) is the most common neuropsychiatric disorder associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), often associated with structural and functional brain changes, neuropsychological impairments and negative family history for affective disorders. LOD could be a risk factor or a prodromal phase of AD; this has led to the investigation of the link between depression and amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides by measuring Aβ levels in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brains of elderly depressed subjects. OBJECTIVE Clarify the complex relationship between depression, Aβ peptides and AD. METHOD We evaluated all articles published up to 2019 in PubMed in which Aβ was measured in serum (or plasma), CSF or brain in elderly with Major Depressive Disorder or depressive symptoms evaluated with standard scales. RESULTS Low plasma Aβ42 levels are strongly associated with depression severity. Plasma Aβ40 levels are higher in younger depressed, drug-resistant and those with more severe symptoms. CSF Aβ42 levels are lower in depressed than controls. PET-detected global and region-specific increases in Aβ deposition are sometimes associated with LOD, cognitive impairment, anxiety but not with Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs)/CVD risk factors. Elderly depressed with CVDs/CVD risk factors have more frequently high plasma Aβ40 levels and drug-resistance; those without these co-morbidities have low plasma Aβ42 levels and a greater cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION Two specific Aβ profiles emerge in elderly depressed. One is associated with Aβ42 reductions in plasma and CSF, possibly reflecting increased brain amyloid deposition and prodromal AD. The other one is characterized by high plasma Aβ40 levels, cerebrovascular disease and clinically associated with increased AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovann Pagni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56100. Italy
| | - Claudia Tagliarini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56100. Italy
| | - Manuel Glauco Carbone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56100. Italy
| | | | - Donatella Marazziti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56100. Italy
| | - Nunzio Pomara
- Geriatric Psychiatry Department, Nathan S. Kline Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962. United States
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11
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Laudicella R, Burger IA, Panasiti F, Longo C, Scalisi S, Minutoli F, Baldari S, Grimaldi LME, Alongi P. Subcutaneous Uptake on [18F]Florbetaben PET/CT: a Case Report of Possible Amyloid-Beta Immune-Reactivity After COVID-19 Vaccination. SN COMPREHENSIVE CLINICAL MEDICINE 2021; 3:2626-2628. [PMID: 34541458 PMCID: PMC8439537 DOI: 10.1007/s42399-021-01058-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Large-scale worldwide COVID-19 vaccination programs are being rapidly deployed, and high-risk patients with comorbidity are now receiving the first doses of the vaccine. Physicians should be, therefore, aware of new pitfalls associated with the current pandemic vaccination program, also in the case of [18F]Florbetaben PET/CT.Case PresentationWe described the first image of [18F]Florbetaben PET/CT in the evaluation of a 70-year-old male with suspicious Alzheimer disease and unclear history of heart disease. We detailed the diagnostic imaging PET/CT workup with different findings. CONCLUSION In this case, [18F]Florbetaben PET/CT can demonstrate potential beta-amyloid immune-reactivity and deposition associated with the current COVID-19 pandemic vaccination programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Laudicella
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio, Contrada Pietrapollastra Pisciotto, Cefalù (Palermo), Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and of Morpho-Functional Imaging, Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Irene Andrea Burger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cantonal Hospital of Baden, Baden, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Panasiti
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio, Contrada Pietrapollastra Pisciotto, Cefalù (Palermo), Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and of Morpho-Functional Imaging, Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Costanza Longo
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio, Contrada Pietrapollastra Pisciotto, Cefalù (Palermo), Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and of Morpho-Functional Imaging, Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Scalisi
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio, Contrada Pietrapollastra Pisciotto, Cefalù (Palermo), Italy
| | - Fabio Minutoli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and of Morpho-Functional Imaging, Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sergio Baldari
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and of Morpho-Functional Imaging, Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Pierpaolo Alongi
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio, Contrada Pietrapollastra Pisciotto, Cefalù (Palermo), Italy
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12
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Steinman J, Sun HS, Feng ZP. Microvascular Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 14:618986. [PMID: 33536876 PMCID: PMC7849053 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.618986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with continual decline in cognition and ability to perform routine functions such as remembering familiar places or understanding speech. For decades, amyloid beta (Aβ) was viewed as the driver of AD, triggering neurodegenerative processes such as inflammation and formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). This approach has not yielded therapeutics that cure the disease or significant improvements in long-term cognition through removal of plaques and Aβ oligomers. Some researchers propose alternate mechanisms that drive AD or act in conjunction with amyloid to promote neurodegeneration. This review summarizes the status of AD research and examines research directions including and beyond Aβ, such as tau, inflammation, and protein clearance mechanisms. The effect of aging on microvasculature is highlighted, including its contribution to reduced blood flow that impairs cognition. Microvascular alterations observed in AD are outlined, emphasizing imaging studies of capillary malfunction. The review concludes with a discussion of two therapies to protect tissue without directly targeting Aβ for removal: (1) administration of growth factors to promote vascular recovery in AD; (2) inhibiting activity of a calcium-permeable ion channels to reduce microglial activation and restore cerebral vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Steinman
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhong-Ping Feng
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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13
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Stakos DA, Stamatelopoulos K, Bampatsias D, Sachse M, Zormpas E, Vlachogiannis NI, Tual-Chalot S, Stellos K. The Alzheimer's Disease Amyloid-Beta Hypothesis in Cardiovascular Aging and Disease: JACC Focus Seminar. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75:952-967. [PMID: 32130931 PMCID: PMC7042886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging-related cellular and molecular processes including low-grade inflammation are major players in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Epidemiological studies report an independent interaction between the development of dementia and the incidence of CVD in several populations, suggesting the presence of overlapping molecular mechanisms. Accumulating experimental and clinical evidence suggests that amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides may function as a link among aging, CVD, and AD. Aging-related vascular and cardiac deposition of Αβ induces tissue inflammation and organ dysfunction, both important components of the Alzheimer's disease amyloid hypothesis. In this review, the authors describe the determinants of Aβ metabolism, summarize the effects of Aβ on atherothrombosis and cardiac dysfunction, discuss the clinical value of Αβ1-40 in CVD prognosis and patient risk stratification, and present the therapeutic interventions that may alter Aβ metabolism in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios A Stakos
- Cardiology Department, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Kimon Stamatelopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece; Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitrios Bampatsias
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Marco Sachse
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Medical School, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eleftherios Zormpas
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolaos I Vlachogiannis
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Tual-Chalot
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos Stellos
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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14
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Wang B, Lin HQ, Li F, Mao ZF, Dong NG. Aβ40 Promotes the Osteoblastic Differentiation of Aortic Valve Interstitial Cells through the RAGE Pathway. Curr Med Sci 2020; 40:931-936. [PMID: 33123906 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide 40 enhances the activation of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in immune-inflammatory diseases. RAGE exhibits several effects in the setting of numerous cardiovascular events. We hypothesized that the Aβ40/RAGE pathway is involved in the osteoblastic differentiation of the valvular interstitial cell (VIC) phenotype, and RAGE knockout intervention could reduce the calcification of aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs) by inhibiting the extracellular-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. To test this hypothesis, the activation of Aβ40/RAGE pathway in human calcific AVs was evaluated with immunohistochemical staining. Cultured calcific VIC models were used in vitro. The VICs were stimulated using Aβ40, with or without RAGE small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA), and ERK1/2 and NF-κB inhibitors for analysis. Our data revealed that Aβ40 induced the ERK1/2/NF-κB signaling pathway and osteoblastic differentiation of AVICs via the RAGE pathway in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Hui-Qing Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhang-Fan Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Nian-Guo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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15
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Akerman SC, Hossain S, Shobo A, Zhong Y, Jourdain R, Hancock MA, George K, Breton L, Multhaup G. Neurodegenerative Disease-Related Proteins within the Epidermal Layer of the Human Skin. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 69:463-478. [PMID: 31006686 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence suggesting that amyloidogenic proteins might form deposits in non-neuronal tissues in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases. However, the detection of these aggregation-prone proteins within the human skin has been controversial. Using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and mass spectrometry tissue imaging (MALDI-MSI), fresh frozen human skin samples were analyzed for the expression and localization of neurodegenerative disease-related proteins. While α-synuclein was detected throughout the epidermal layer of the auricular samples (IHC and MALDI-MSI), tau and Aβ34 were also localized to the epidermal layer (IHC). In addition to Aβ peptides of varying length (e.g., Aβ40, Aβ42, Aβ34), we also were able to detect inflammatory markers within the same sample sets (e.g., thymosin β-4, psoriasin). While previous literature has described α-synuclein in the nucleus of neurons (e.g., Parkinson's disease), our current detection of α-synuclein in the nucleus of skin cells is novel. Imaging of α-synuclein or tau revealed that their presence was similar between the young and old samples in our present study. Future work may reveal differences relevant for diagnosis between these proteins at the molecular level (e.g., age-dependent post-translational modifications). Our novel detection of Aβ34 in human skin suggests that, just like in the brain, it may represent a stable intermediate of the Aβ40 and Aβ42 degradation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Can Akerman
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shireen Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adeola Shobo
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yifei Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Mark A Hancock
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kelly George
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Clark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lionel Breton
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France.,L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Clark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Gerhard Multhaup
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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16
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Irfan M, Kwak YS, Han CK, Hyun SH, Rhee MH. Adaptogenic effects of Panax ginseng on modulation of cardiovascular functions. J Ginseng Res 2020; 44:538-543. [PMID: 32617033 PMCID: PMC7322748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a rapidly growing epidemic with high morbidity and mortality. There is an urgent need to develop nutraceutical-based therapy with minimum side effects to reduce cardiovascular risk. Panax ginseng occupies a prominent status in herbal medicine for its various therapeutic effects against inflammation, allergy, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and even cancer, with positive, beneficial, and restorative effects. The active components found in most P. ginseng varieties are known to include ginsenosides, polysaccharides, peptides, alkaloids, polyacetylene, and phenolic compounds, which are considered to be the main pharmacologically active constituents in ginseng. P. ginseng is an adaptogen. That is, it supports living organisms to maintain optimal homeostasis by exerting effects that counteract physiological changes caused by physical, chemical, or biological stressors. P. ginseng possesses immunomodulatory (including both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive), neuromodulatory, and cardioprotective effects; suppresses anxiety; and balances vascular tone. P. ginseng has an antihypertensive effect that has been explained by its vasorelaxant action, and paradoxically, it is also known to increase blood pressure by vasoconstriction and help maintain cardiovascular health. Here, we discuss the potential adaptogenic effects of P. ginseng on the cardiovascular system and outline a future research perspective in this area.
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- APP, Amyloid precursor protein
- Adaptogen
- Akt, Protein kinase B
- Aβ, Amyloid-beta
- CVD, Cardiovascular disease
- Cardioprotective
- Ginsenoside
- NO, Nitric oxide
- PI3K, Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase
- Panax ginseng
- Vascular endothelium
- cGMP, Cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate
- eNOS, Endothelial nitric oxide synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi-Seong Kwak
- R&D Headquarters, Korean Ginseng cooperation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Kyun Han
- R&D Headquarters, Korean Ginseng cooperation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Hyun
- R&D Headquarters, Korean Ginseng cooperation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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17
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Gao F, Zhang J, Ni T, Lin N, Lin H, Luo H, Guo H, Chi J. Herpud1 deficiency could reduce amyloid-β40 expression and thereby suppress homocysteine-induced atherosclerosis by blocking the JNK/AP1 pathway. J Physiol Biochem 2020; 76:383-391. [PMID: 32488540 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-020-00741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is considered an independent risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis which is associated with lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Results from our previous study suggested that Hcy-induced atherosclerosis could be reversed by Herpud1 knockout which inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype switching. Here, we aim to investigate more precise mechanisms behind the improvement in Hcy-induced atherosclerosis. Amyloid-β40 (Aβ40), a vital protein in Alzheimer disease (AD), has been regarded as an important component in the atherosclerosis program in recent years due to the biological similarity between AD and atherosclerosis. Thus, we determined to assess the value of Aβ40 in a Herpud1 knockout Hcy-induced atherosclerosis mouse model by measuring Aβ40 expression in tissue and biomarkers of lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress in serum. Additionally, since endothelial dysfunction plays a prominent role in atherosclerosis, we tested human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) function following Herpud1 silencing in vitro and evaluated JNK/AP1 signaling activation in our models because of its close relationship with Aβ40. As a result, our animal models showed that Herpud1 knockout reduced Aβ40 expression, inflammation, and oxidative stress levels other than lipid metabolism and alleviated atherosclerosis via JNK/AP1 signaling inhibition. Similarly, our cell experiments implied that Hcy-induced Aβ40 elevation and HUVEC dysfunction involving cell proliferation and apoptosis could be restored by Herpud1 silence through restraining JNK/AP1 pathway. Collectively, our study demonstrates that Herpud1 deficiency could reduce Aβ40 expression, thereby suppressing Hcy-induced atherosclerosis by blocking the JNK/AP1 pathway. This may provide novel potential targets for atherosclerosis prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feidan Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Tingjuan Ni
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Na Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Hangqi Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Hangyuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Jufang Chi
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China.
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18
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dos Santos GAA, Pardi PC. Biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease: Evaluation of platelets, hemoglobin and vitamin B12. Dement Neuropsychol 2020; 14:35-40. [PMID: 32206196 PMCID: PMC7077854 DOI: 10.1590/1980-57642020dn14-010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the most likely hypotheses as the cause of Alzheimer's disease are deposition of amyloid beta peptide in the cerebral cortex and hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein. The diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is based on the exclusion of other diseases, behavioral assessments, and blood and imaging tests. Biotechnology has created interesting perspectives for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease through blood analysis, with special attention to platelets, hemoglobin and vitamin B12. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the concentrations of platelets, hemoglobin and vitamin B12 in the blood of older adults with and without dementia of Alzheimer's disease. METHODS A case-control study involving 120 individuals was conducted, seeking to establish a correlation between changes in platelet, hemoglobin and vitamin B12 concentrations in patients with confirmed AD and in individuals in the inclusion group without AD. The study met the established ethical requirements. RESULTS Hemoglobin and platelet levels were statistically lower in patients with AD. The biochemical evaluation in AD patient and healthy groups for vitamin B12 showed a decrease in the levels of this compound in patients with AD. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the feasibility of the use of blood biomarkers as predictive markers for the diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Alves Andrade dos Santos
- Universidade de São Paulo – USP. Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão
Preto. Departamento de Anatomia e Cirurgia. Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Centro Universitário do Senac – Unidade Tiradentes. Departamento de
Pós-graduação em Farmácia
| | - Paulo Celso Pardi
- Universidade Anhanguera Guarulhos. Departamento de Biomedicina, São
Paulo, SP, Brazil
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19
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Vanderstichele HM, Teunissen CE, Vanmechelen E. Critical Steps to be Taken into Consideration Before Quantification of β-Amyloid and Tau Isoforms in Blood can be Implemented in a Clinical Environment. Neurol Ther 2019; 8:129-145. [PMID: 31833029 PMCID: PMC6908532 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-019-00166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to document difficulties, limitations, and pitfalls when considering protein analysis in blood samples. It proposes an improved workflow for design, development, and validation of (immuno)assays for blood proteins, without providing reflections on a potential hypothesis of the origin of protein mismetabolism and deposition. There is a special focus on assay development for quantification of β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau in blood for diagnostic use or for integration in clinical trials in the field of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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20
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Riffo-Campos AL, Fuentes-Trillo A, Tang WY, Soriano Z, De Marco G, Rentero-Garrido P, Adam-Felici V, Lendinez-Tortajada V, Francesconi K, Goessler W, Ladd-Acosta C, Leon-Latre M, Casasnovas JA, Chaves FJ, Navas-Acien A, Guallar E, Tellez-Plaza M. In silico epigenetics of metal exposure and subclinical atherosclerosis in middle aged men: pilot results from the Aragon Workers Health Study. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0084. [PMID: 29685964 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored the association of metal levels with subclinical atherosclerosis and epigenetic changes in relevant biological pathways. Whole blood DNA Infinium Methylation 450 K data were obtained from 23 of 73 middle age men without clinically evident cardiovascular disease (CVD) who participated in the Aragon Workers Health Study in 2009 (baseline visit) and had available baseline urinary metals and subclinical atherosclerosis measures obtained in 2010-2013 (follow-up visit). The median metal levels were 7.36 µg g-1, 0.33 µg g-1, 0.11 µg g-1 and 0.07 µg g-1, for arsenic (sum of inorganic and methylated species), cadmium, antimony and tungsten, respectively. Urine cadmium and tungsten were associated with femoral and carotid intima-media thickness, respectively (Pearson's r = 0.27; p = 0.03 in both cases). Among nearest genes to identified differentially methylated regions (DMRs), 46% of metal-DMR genes overlapped with atherosclerosis-DMR genes (p < 0.001). Pathway enrichment analysis of atherosclerosis-DMR genes showed a role in inflammatory, metabolic and transport pathways. In in silico protein-to-protein interaction networks among proteins encoded by 162 and 108 genes attributed to atherosclerosis- and metal-DMRs, respectively, with proteins known to have a role in atherosclerosis pathways, we observed hub proteins in the network associated with both atherosclerosis and metal-DMRs (e.g. SMAD3 and NOP56), and also hub proteins associated with metal-DMRs only but with relevant connections with atherosclerosis effectors (e.g. SSTR5, HDAC4, AP2A2, CXCL12 and SSTR4). Our integrative in silico analysis demonstrates the feasibility of identifying epigenomic regions linked to environmental exposures and potentially involved in relevant pathways for human diseases. While our results support the hypothesis that metal exposures can influence health due to epigenetic changes, larger studies are needed to confirm our pilot results.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Frontiers in epigenetic chemical biology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L Riffo-Campos
- Area of Cardiometabolic Risk, Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic of Valencia, Menendez Pelayo 4 Accesorio, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Azahara Fuentes-Trillo
- Genomics and Genetic Diagnostic Unit, Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic of Valencia, Menendez Pelayo 4 Accesorio, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Wan Y Tang
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zoraida Soriano
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Griselda De Marco
- Genomics and Genetic Diagnostic Unit, Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic of Valencia, Menendez Pelayo 4 Accesorio, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Rentero-Garrido
- Genomics and Genetic Diagnostic Unit, Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic of Valencia, Menendez Pelayo 4 Accesorio, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Victoria Adam-Felici
- Genomics and Genetic Diagnostic Unit, Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic of Valencia, Menendez Pelayo 4 Accesorio, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Veronica Lendinez-Tortajada
- Genomics and Genetic Diagnostic Unit, Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic of Valencia, Menendez Pelayo 4 Accesorio, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Walter Goessler
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Montse Leon-Latre
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.,Servicio Aragones de Salud, 50071 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose A Casasnovas
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de Salud, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.,Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - F Javier Chaves
- Genomics and Genetic Diagnostic Unit, Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic of Valencia, Menendez Pelayo 4 Accesorio, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Maria Tellez-Plaza
- Area of Cardiometabolic Risk, Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic of Valencia, Menendez Pelayo 4 Accesorio, 46010 Valencia, Spain .,Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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21
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Hellberg S, Silvola JMU, Liljenbäck H, Kiugel M, Eskola O, Hakovirta H, Hörkkö S, Morisson-Iveson V, Hirani E, Saukko P, Ylä-Herttuala S, Knuuti J, Saraste A, Roivainen A. Amyloid-Targeting PET Tracer [ 18F]Flutemetamol Accumulates in Atherosclerotic Plaques. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061072. [PMID: 30893771 PMCID: PMC6471324 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is characterized by the accumulation of oxidized lipids in the artery wall, which triggers an inflammatory response. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) presents amyloid-like structural properties, and different amyloid species have recently been recognized in atherosclerotic plaques. Therefore, we studied the uptake of the amyloid imaging agent [18F]Flutemetamol in atherosclerotic plaques. The binding of [18F]Flutemetamol to human carotid artery plaque was studied in vitro. In vivo uptake of the tracer was studied in hypercholesterolemic IGF-II/LDLR−/−ApoB100/100 mice and C57BL/6N controls. Tracer biodistribution was studied in vivo with PET/CT, and ex vivo by gamma counter and digital ex vivo autoradiography. The presence of amyloid, ox-LDL, and macrophages in the plaques was examined by immunohistochemistry. [18F]Flutemetamol showed specific accumulation in human carotid plaque, especially in areas positive for amyloid beta. The aortas of IGF-II/LDLR−/−ApoB100/100 mice showed large thioflavin-S-positive atherosclerotic plaques containing ox-LDL and macrophages. Autoradiography revealed 1.7-fold higher uptake in the plaques than in a lesion-free vessel wall, but no difference in aortic tissue uptake between mouse strains were observed in the in vivo PET/CT. In conclusion, [18F]Flutemetamol binds to amyloid-positive areas in human atherosclerotic plaques. Further studies are warranted to clarify the uptake mechanisms, and the potential of the tracer for in vivo imaging of atherosclerosis in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Hellberg
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
| | | | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Max Kiugel
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Olli Eskola
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Harri Hakovirta
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Turku University Hospital, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Sohvi Hörkkö
- Medical Research Center and Nordlab Oulu, University Hospital and Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.
| | | | - Ella Hirani
- GE Healthcare Ltd., Chalfont St Giles HP8 4SP, UK.
| | - Pekka Saukko
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Antti Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
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22
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Visconte C, Canino J, Guidetti GF, Zarà M, Seppi C, Abubaker AA, Pula G, Torti M, Canobbio I. Amyloid precursor protein is required for in vitro platelet adhesion to amyloid peptides and potentiation of thrombus formation. Cell Signal 2018; 52:95-102. [PMID: 30172024 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is the precursor of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides, whose accumulation in the brain is associated with Alzheimer's disease. APP is also expressed on the platelet surface and Aβ peptides are platelet agonists. The physiological role of APP is largely unknown. In neurons, APP acts as an adhesive receptor, facilitating integrin-mediated cell adhesion, while in platelets it regulates coagulation and venous thrombosis. In this work, we analyzed platelets from APP KO mice to investigate whether membrane APP supports platelet adhesion to physiological and pathological substrates. We found that APP-null platelets adhered and spread normally on collagen, von Willebrand Factor or fibrinogen. However, adhesion on immobilized Aβ peptides Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42 and Aβ25-35 was completely abolished in platelets lacking APP. By contrast, platelet activation and aggregation induced by Aβ peptides occurred normally in the absence of APP. Adhesion of APP-transfected HEK293 to Aβ peptides was significantly higher than that of control cells expressing low levels of APP. Co-coating of Aβ1-42 and Aβ25-35 with collagen strongly potentiated platelet adhesion when whole blood from wild type mice was perfused at arterial shear rate, but had no effects with blood from APP KO mice. These results demonstrate that APP selectively mediates platelet adhesion to Aβ under static condition but not platelet aggregation, and is responsible for Aβ-promoted potentiation of thrombus formation under flow. Therefore, APP may facilitate an early step in thrombus formation when Aβ peptides accumulate in cerebral vessel walls or atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Visconte
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jessica Canino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Scuola Universitaria Superiore, IUSS, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Marta Zarà
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudio Seppi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Giordano Pula
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Mauro Torti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Canobbio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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23
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Das A, Samidurai A, Salloum FN. Deciphering Non-coding RNAs in Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:73. [PMID: 30013975 PMCID: PMC6036139 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
After being long considered as “junk” in the human genome, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) currently represent one of the newest frontiers in cardiovascular disease (CVD) since they have emerged in recent years as potential therapeutic targets. Different types of ncRNAs exist, including small ncRNAs that have fewer than 200 nucleotides, which are mostly known as microRNAs (miRNAs), and long ncRNAs that have more than 200 nucleotides. Recent discoveries on the role of ncRNAs in epigenetic and transcriptional regulation, atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and infarction (MI), adverse cardiac remodeling and hypertrophy, insulin resistance, and diabetic cardiomyopathy prompted vast interest in exploring candidate ncRNAs for utilization as potential therapeutic targets and/or diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers in CVDs. This review will discuss our current knowledge concerning the roles of different types of ncRNAs in cardiovascular health and disease and provide some insight on the cardioprotective signaling pathways elicited by the non-coding genome. We will highlight important basic and clinical breakthroughs that support employing ncRNAs for treatment or early diagnosis of a variety of CVDs, and also depict the most relevant limitations that challenge this novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Das
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Arun Samidurai
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Fadi N Salloum
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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24
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G V, S K, Sureshkumar, G S, S S, Preethikrishnan, S D, A S, D B, Riya, P V. Therapeutic impact of rHuEPO on abnormal platelet APP, BACE 1, presenilin 1, ADAM 10 and Aβ expressions in chronic kidney disease patients with cognitive dysfunction like Alzheimer's disease: A pilot study. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:211-222. [PMID: 29775888 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive dysfunction is reported to be a major cause of morbidity in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The senile plaques (SPs) in the brain are one of the most pathophysiological characteristics of cognitive dysfunction and its major constituent amyloid β (Aβ) released from amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β (BACE1) and γ (presenilin 1) secretases . Platelets contain more than 95% of the circulating APP and implicate as a candidate biomarker for cognitive decline. Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is a standard therapy for anemia in CKD and also acts as a neuroprotective agent. The aim of the study is to determine the impact of rHuEPO therapy on platelet APP processing in CKD with Cognitive Dysfunction. METHODS A total of 60 subjects comprising of 30 CKD without cognitive dysfunction and 30 CKD with cognitive dysfunction based on neuropsychological assessment. APP, BACE1, Presenilin 1, ADAM 10 (α secretase) and Aβ expressions in platelets were determined by western blotting and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in platelet rich plasma (PRP) was done by spectrophotometrically. The parameters were statistically compared with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Normocytic normochromic anemic and healthy subjects. RESULTS Significantly (p < 0.05) decreased APP, ADAM 10 while increased BACE1, Presenilin 1, Aβ and LPO were observed in CKD with cognitive dysfunction like AD subjects compared to other groups. The parameters were reassessed in CKD with cognitive dysfunction subjects after rHuEPO (100 IU/ kg, weekly twice, 6 months) therapy. All the parameters were retrieved significantly (p < 0.05) along with improved neuropsychological tests scoring after rHuEPO therapy. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that rHuEPO is an effective neuroprotective agent in the context of CKD associated cognitive dysfunction and proved its clinical usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinothkumar G
- Department of Medical Research, SRM Medical college Hospital, SRM University, Chennai, India
| | - Krishnakumar S
- Department of Nephrology, SRM Medical college Hospital, SRM University, Chennai, India
| | - Sureshkumar
- Department of Neurology, Balaji Medical college Hospital, Chrompet, Chennai, India
| | - Shivashekar G
- Department of Pathology, SRM Medical college Hospital, SRM University, Chennai, India
| | - Sreedhar S
- Department of Nephrology, SRM Medical college Hospital, SRM University, Chennai, India
| | - Preethikrishnan
- Department of Clinical Psychology, SRM Medical college Hospital, SRM University, Chennai, India
| | - Dinesh S
- Department of Clinical Psychology, SRM Medical college Hospital, SRM University, Chennai, India
| | - Sundaram A
- Department of Medical Research, SRM Medical college Hospital, SRM University, Chennai, India
| | - Balakrishnan D
- Department of Medical Research, SRM Medical college Hospital, SRM University, Chennai, India
| | - Riya
- Department of Clinical Psychology, SRM Medical college Hospital, SRM University, Chennai, India
| | - Venkataraman P
- Department of Medical Research, SRM Medical college Hospital, SRM University, Chennai, India.
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25
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Roher AE, Kokjohn TA, Clarke SG, Sierks MR, Maarouf CL, Serrano GE, Sabbagh MS, Beach TG. APP/Aβ structural diversity and Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Neurochem Int 2017; 110:1-13. [PMID: 28811267 PMCID: PMC5688956 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The amyloid cascade hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) proposes amyloid- β (Aβ) is a chief pathological element of dementia. AD therapies have targeted monomeric and oligomeric Aβ 1-40 and 1-42 peptides. However, alternative APP proteolytic processing produces a complex roster of Aβ species. In addition, Aβ peptides are subject to extensive posttranslational modification (PTM). We propose that amplified production of some APP/Aβ species, perhaps exacerbated by differential gene expression and reduced peptide degradation, creates a diverse spectrum of modified species which disrupt brain homeostasis and accelerate AD neurodegeneration. We surveyed the literature to catalog Aβ PTM including species with isoAsp at positions 7 and 23 which may phenocopy the Tottori and Iowa Aβ mutations that result in early onset AD. We speculate that accumulation of these alterations induce changes in secondary and tertiary structure of Aβ that favor increased toxicity, and seeding and propagation in sporadic AD. Additionally, amyloid-β peptides with a pyroglutamate modification at position 3 and oxidation of Met35 make up a substantial portion of sporadic AD amyloid deposits. The intrinsic physical properties of these species, including resistance to degradation, an enhanced aggregation rate, increased neurotoxicity, and association with behavioral deficits, suggest their emergence is linked to dementia. The generation of specific 3D-molecular conformations of Aβ impart unique biophysical properties and a capacity to seed the prion-like global transmission of amyloid through the brain. The accumulation of rogue Aβ ultimately contributes to the destruction of vascular walls, neurons and glial cells culminating in dementia. A systematic examination of Aβ PTM and the analysis of the toxicity that they induced may help create essential biomarkers to more precisely stage AD pathology, design countermeasures and gauge the impacts of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex E Roher
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; Division of Clinical Education, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA.
| | - Tyler A Kokjohn
- Department of Microbiology, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Steven G Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Michael R Sierks
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106, USA
| | - Chera L Maarouf
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA
| | - Geidy E Serrano
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA
| | - Marwan S Sabbagh
- Alzheimer's and Memory Disorders Division, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA
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26
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Bucerius J, Barthel H, Tiepolt S, Werner P, Sluimer JC, Wildberger JE, Patt M, Hesse S, Gertz HJ, Biessen EAL, Mottaghy FM, Sabri O. Feasibility of in vivo 18F-florbetaben PET/MR imaging of human carotid amyloid-β. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2017; 44:1119-1128. [PMID: 28321471 PMCID: PMC5434137 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-017-3651-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides are involved in the inflammatory pathology of atherosclerosis. 18F-Florbetaben is a PET tracer for clinical imaging of cerebral Aβ plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We sought to determine whether specific uptake of 18F-florbetaben in the carotid arteries can be identified using a fully integrated hybrid PET/MRI system and whether this uptake is associated with clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. METHODS Carotid 18F-florbetaben uptake was quantified as the mean of the maximum target-to-background ratio (meanTBRmax) in 40 cognitively impaired subjects (age 68.2 ± 9.5 years) undergoing 18F-florbetaben PET/MRI to diagnose AD. Associations between carotid 18F-florbetaben uptake and several CVD risk factors were assessed by univariate analysis followed by a multivariate linear regression analysis. Furthermore, carotid 18F-florbetaben uptake was compared between patients with and without a positive cerebral Aβ PET scan. RESULTS 18F-Florbetaben uptake was clearly visualized in the carotid arteries. Values of meanTBRmax corrected for the blood pool activity of the tracer showed specific 18F-florbetaben uptake in the carotid wall. Male gender was associated with carotid 18F-florbetaben uptake in the univariate analysis, and was found to be an independent predictor of 18F-florbetaben uptake in the multivariate regression analysis (standardized regression coefficient β = 0.407, p = 0.009). Carotid 18F-florbetaben meanTBRmax in patients with a positive cerebral Aβ scan did not differ from that in patients without cerebral Aβ deposits. CONCLUSION Specific 18F-florbetaben uptake in human carotid arteries was detected. Male gender was identified as an independent clinical risk factor. Therefore, 18F-florbetaben PET/MRI might provide new insights into the pathophysiological process in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bucerius
- Department of Radiology/Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine/Radiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Henryk Barthel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Solveig Tiepolt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Werner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Judith C Sluimer
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Vascular Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim E Wildberger
- Department of Radiology/Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne Patt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Swen Hesse
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Gertz
- Department of Psychiatry, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Erik A L Biessen
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Vascular Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Felix M Mottaghy
- Department of Radiology/Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Osama Sabri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
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27
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Greco S, Zaccagnini G, Fuschi P, Voellenkle C, Carrara M, Sadeghi I, Bearzi C, Maimone B, Castelvecchio S, Stellos K, Gaetano C, Menicanti L, Martelli F. Increased BACE1-AS long noncoding RNA and β-amyloid levels in heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:453-463. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Greco
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi, 30 20097 San Donato, Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Germana Zaccagnini
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi, 30 20097 San Donato, Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Fuschi
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi, 30 20097 San Donato, Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Christine Voellenkle
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi, 30 20097 San Donato, Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Carrara
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi, 30 20097 San Donato, Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Iman Sadeghi
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi, 30 20097 San Donato, Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Bearzi
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Biagina Maimone
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi, 30 20097 San Donato, Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Konstantinos Stellos
- Laboratory of RNA Metabolism and Vascular Inflammation, Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Carlo Gaetano
- Division of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine Clinic III, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Menicanti
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Martelli
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi, 30 20097 San Donato, Milanese, Milan, Italy
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Jensen BC, Willis MS. The Head and the Heart. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 68:2408-2411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.09.934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Smooth muscle titin forms in vitro amyloid aggregates. Biosci Rep 2016; 36:BSR20160066. [PMID: 27129292 PMCID: PMC5293577 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloids are insoluble fibrous protein aggregates, and their accumulation is associated with amyloidosis and many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we report that smooth muscle titin (SMT; 500 kDa) from chicken gizzard forms amyloid aggregates in vitro. This conclusion is supported by EM data, fluorescence analysis using thioflavin T (ThT), Congo red (CR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Our dynamic light scattering (DLS) data show that titin forms in vitro amyloid aggregates with a hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of approximately 700–4500 nm. The initial titin aggregates with Rh approximately 700 nm were observed beyond first 20 min its aggregation that shows a high rate of amyloid formation by this protein. We also showed using confocal microscopy the cytotoxic effect of SMT amyloid aggregates on smooth muscle cells from bovine aorta. This effect involves the disorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and result is cell damage. Cumulatively, our results indicate that titin may be involved in generation of amyloidosis in smooth muscles.
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Zamolodchikov D, Renné T, Strickland S. The Alzheimer's disease peptide β-amyloid promotes thrombin generation through activation of coagulation factor XII. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:995-1007. [PMID: 26613657 PMCID: PMC4870142 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Essentials How the Alzheimer's disease (AD) peptide β-amyloid (Aβ) disrupts neuronal function in the disease is unclear. Factor (F) XII initiates blood clotting via FXI, and thrombosis has been implicated in AD. Aβ triggers FXII-dependent FXI and thrombin activation, evidence of which is seen in AD plasma. Aβ-triggered clotting could contribute to neuronal dysfunction in AD and be a novel therapeutic target. SUMMARY Background β-Amyloid (Aβ) is a key pathologic element in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the mechanisms by which it disrupts neuronal function in vivo are not completely understood. AD is characterized by a prothrombotic state, which could contribute to neuronal dysfunction by affecting cerebral blood flow and inducing inflammation. The plasma protein factor XII triggers clot formation via the intrinsic coagulation cascade, and has been implicated in thrombosis. Objectives To investigate the potential for Aβ to contribute to a prothrombotic state. Methods and results We show that Aβ activates FXII, resulting in FXI activation and thrombin generation in human plasma, thereby establishing Aβ as a possible driver of prothrombotic states. We provide evidence for this process in AD by demonstrating decreased levels of FXI and its inhibitor C1 esterase inhibitor in AD patient plasma, suggesting chronic activation, inhibition and clearance of FXI in AD. Activation of the intrinsic coagulation pathway in AD is further supported by elevated fibrin levels in AD patient plasma. Conclusions The ability of Aβ to promote coagulation via the FXII-driven contact system identifies new mechanisms by which it could contribute to neuronal dysfunction and suggests potential new therapeutic targets in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Zamolodchikov
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thomas Renné
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm S-171 76, Sweden
- Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sidney Strickland
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Williams B. Amyloid beta and cardiovascular disease: intriguing questions indeed. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 65:917-9. [PMID: 25744008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Williams
- National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Plagg B, Marksteiner J, Kniewallner KM, Humpel C. Platelet dysfunction in hypercholesterolemia mice, two Alzheimer's disease mouse models and in human patients with Alzheimer's disease. Biogerontology 2015; 16:543-58. [PMID: 25947203 PMCID: PMC4487346 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9580-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder characterized mainly by accumulation of amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, synaptic and neuronal loss. Blood platelets contain the neurotransmitter serotonin and amyloid-precursor protein (APP), and may thus be useful as a peripheral biomarker for AD. The aim of the present study was to functionally characterize platelets by FACS, to examine alterations in APP expression and secretion, and to measure serotonin levels in hypercholesterolemia mice with AD-like pathology and in two AD mouse models, the triple transgenic AD model (3xTg) and the APP overexpressing AD model with the Swedish–Dutch–Iowa mutations (APP_SweDI). These data are supplemented with epidermal growth factor (EGF) levels and compared with changes observed in platelets of patients with AD. We observed decreased platelet APP isoforms in 3xTg mice and patients with AD when analysed by means of Western blot. In patients, a significant increase of APP levels was observed when assessed by ELISA. Secreted APPβ proved to be altered amongst all three animal models of AD at different time points and in human patients with AD. Serotonin levels were only reduced in 7 and 14 month old 3xTg mice. Moreover, we found significantly lower EGF levels in human AD patients and could thereby reproduce previous findings. Taken together, our data confirm that platelets are dysfunctional in AD, however, results from AD animal models do not coincide in all aspects, and markedly differ when compared to AD patients. We support previous data that APP, as well as EGF, could become putative biomarkers for diagnosing AD in human platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Plagg
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer's Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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Stamatelopoulos K, Sibbing D, Rallidis LS, Georgiopoulos G, Stakos D, Braun S, Gatsiou A, Sopova K, Kotakos C, Varounis C, Tellis CC, Kastritis E, Alevizaki M, Tselepis AD, Alexopoulos P, Laske C, Keller T, Kastrati A, Dimmeler S, Zeiher AM, Stellos K. Amyloid-beta (1-40) and the risk of death from cardiovascular causes in patients with coronary heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 65:904-16. [PMID: 25744007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amyloid beta peptide is the major protein constituent of neuritic plaques in Alzheimer disease and appears to play a central role in vascular inflammation pathophysiology. OBJECTIVES This study sought to determine the clinical value of amyloid-beta 1-40 (Abeta40) measurement in predicting cardiovascular (CV) mortality in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and arterial stiffness progression in young healthy subjects. METHODS Abeta40 was retrospectively measured in blood samples collected from 3 independent prospective cohorts and 2 case-control cohorts (total N = 1,464). Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were assessed in the 2 prospective cohorts (n = 877) followed for a median of 4.4 years. To look at effects on subclinical disease, arterial stiffness was evaluated at baseline and after 5-year follow-up (n = 107) in young healthy subjects. The primary endpoint was the predictive value of Abeta40 for CV mortality and outcomes in patients with CHD. RESULTS In Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate, left ventricular ejection fraction, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and high-sensitivity troponin T, Abeta40 independently predicted CV death and MACE in patients with CHD (p < 0.05 for all). After multivariate adjustment, Abeta40 levels conferred a substantial enhancement of net reclassification index and integrated discrimination improvement of individuals at risk in the total combined CHD cohort over the best predictive model. Further cohort-based analysis revealed that Abeta40 levels were significantly and independently associated with arterial stiffness progression, incident subclinical atherosclerosis, and incident CHD. CONCLUSIONS Measuring blood levels of Abeta40 identified patients at high risk for CV death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimon Stamatelopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dirk Sibbing
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Loukianos S Rallidis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Georgiopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Stakos
- Cardiology Clinic, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Siegmund Braun
- Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Aikaterini Gatsiou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kateryna Sopova
- Department of Cardiology, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christos Kotakos
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Varounis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos C Tellis
- Atherothrombosis Research Center/Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Efstathios Kastritis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Alevizaki
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros D Tselepis
- Atherothrombosis Research Center/Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Alexopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Section for Dementia Research, Hertie-Institute of Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany; DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Till Keller
- Department of Cardiology, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Center of Cardiovascular Research, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Adnan Kastrati
- Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Center of Cardiovascular Research, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas M Zeiher
- Department of Cardiology, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Center of Cardiovascular Research, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Stellos
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Cardiology, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Center of Cardiovascular Research, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Canobbio I, Abubaker AA, Visconte C, Torti M, Pula G. Role of amyloid peptides in vascular dysfunction and platelet dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:65. [PMID: 25784858 PMCID: PMC4347625 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative cause of dementia in the elderly. AD is accompanied by the accumulation of amyloid peptides in the brain parenchyma and in the cerebral vessels. The sporadic form of AD accounts for about 95% of all cases. It is characterized by a late onset, typically after the age of 65, with a complex and still poorly understood aetiology. Several observations point towards a central role of cerebrovascular dysfunction in the onset of sporadic AD (SAD). According to the "vascular hypothesis", AD may be initiated by vascular dysfunctions that precede and promote the neurodegenerative process. In accordance to this, AD patients show increased hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke risks. It is now clear that multiple bidirectional connections exist between AD and cerebrovascular disease, and in this new scenario, the effect of amyloid peptides on vascular cells and blood platelets appear to be central to AD. In this review, we analyze the effect of amyloid peptides on vascular function and platelet activation and its contribution to the cerebrovascular pathology associated with AD and the progression of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Canobbio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Aisha Alsheikh Abubaker
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Caterina Visconte
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Mauro Torti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Giordano Pula
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
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Beach TG, Adler CH, Sue LI, Serrano G, Shill HA, Walker DG, Lue L, Roher AE, Dugger BN, Maarouf C, Birdsill AC, Intorcia A, Saxon-Labelle M, Pullen J, Scroggins A, Filon J, Scott S, Hoffman B, Garcia A, Caviness JN, Hentz JG, Driver-Dunckley E, Jacobson SA, Davis KJ, Belden CM, Long KE, Malek-Ahmadi M, Powell JJ, Gale LD, Nicholson LR, Caselli RJ, Woodruff BK, Rapscak SZ, Ahern GL, Shi J, Burke AD, Reiman EM, Sabbagh MN. Arizona Study of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders and Brain and Body Donation Program. Neuropathology 2015; 35:354-89. [PMID: 25619230 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Brain and Body Donation Program (BBDP) at Banner Sun Health Research Institute (http://www.brainandbodydonationprogram.org) started in 1987 with brain-only donations and currently has banked more than 1600 brains. More than 430 whole-body donations have been received since this service was commenced in 2005. The collective academic output of the BBDP is now described as the Arizona Study of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders (AZSAND). Most BBDP subjects are enrolled as cognitively normal volunteers residing in the retirement communities of metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona. Specific recruitment efforts are also directed at subjects with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and cancer. The median age at death is 82. Subjects receive standardized general medical, neurological, neuropsychological and movement disorders assessments during life and more than 90% receive full pathological examinations by medically licensed pathologists after death. The Program has been funded through a combination of internal, federal and state of Arizona grants as well as user fees and pharmaceutical industry collaborations. Subsets of the Program are utilized by the US National Institute on Aging Arizona Alzheimer's Disease Core Center and the US National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Brain and Tissue Resource for Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders. Substantial funding has also been received from the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research. The Program has made rapid autopsy a priority, with a 3.0-hour median post-mortem interval for the entire collection. The median RNA Integrity Number (RIN) for frozen brain and body tissue is 8.9 and 7.4, respectively. More than 2500 tissue requests have been served and currently about 200 are served annually. These requests have been made by more than 400 investigators located in 32 US states and 15 countries. Tissue from the BBDP has contributed to more than 350 publications and more than 200 grant-funded projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Beach
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Lucia I Sue
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Geidy Serrano
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Holly A Shill
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | - LihFen Lue
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Alex E Roher
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Chera Maarouf
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Alex C Birdsill
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | - Joel Pullen
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Jessica Filon
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Sarah Scott
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Angelica Garcia
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kathryn J Davis
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Kathy E Long
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | - Lisa D Gale
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiong Shi
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Anna D Burke
- Banner Alzheimer Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Gabelle A, Schraen S, Gutierrez LA, Pays C, Rouaud O, Buée L, Touchon J, Helmer C, Lambert JC, Berr C. Plasma β-amyloid 40 levels are positively associated with mortality risks in the elderly. Alzheimers Dement 2014; 11:672-80. [PMID: 25022539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.04.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated if plasma β-amyloid (Aβ) levels were associated with mortality risks in a subsample of the French Three-City (3C) prospective cohort study. METHODS Analyses were based on 1254 participants randomly selected from the initial 3C cohort stratified by center, sex, and age in the context of a nested case-cohort study to investigate biological variables. Associations between plasma Aβ and mortality were assessed with the Cox regression model with delayed entry including various potential confounding factors and testing possible mediators. RESULTS A relationship between high plasma Aβ1-40 concentrations and risk of mortality (hazards ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.31, P = .03) was unveiled independently of age, educational level, vascular risk factors, diet, physical activity, cognitive impairment, or frailty status. It was only modified when we included cystatin C levels. CONCLUSIONS Further investigations are needed to determine precisely the pathophysiological roles of plasma Aβ1-40 and cystatin C and before envisioning any future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Gabelle
- Department of Neurology, Centre Mémoire Ressources Recherche Languedoc-Roussillon, CHRU Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France; University Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
| | - Susanna Schraen
- Université Droit et Santé de Lille, Lille, France; CHRU de Lille, Lille, France; INSERM UMR837, Lille, France
| | - Laure-Anne Gutierrez
- Department of Neurology, Centre Mémoire Ressources Recherche Languedoc-Roussillon, CHRU Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France; INSERM U1061, Hôpital La Colombière, Montpellier, France
| | - Cecile Pays
- Department of Neurology, Centre Mémoire Ressources Recherche Languedoc-Roussillon, CHRU Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France; INSERM U1061, Hôpital La Colombière, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Rouaud
- Department of Neurology, Centre Mémoire Ressources Recherche, CHRU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Luc Buée
- Université Droit et Santé de Lille, Lille, France; CHRU de Lille, Lille, France; INSERM UMR837, Lille, France
| | - Jacques Touchon
- Department of Neurology, Centre Mémoire Ressources Recherche Languedoc-Roussillon, CHRU Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France; INSERM U1061, Hôpital La Colombière, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- CHRU de Lille, Lille, France; INSERM U744, Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France; Université de Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Claudine Berr
- Department of Neurology, Centre Mémoire Ressources Recherche Languedoc-Roussillon, CHRU Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France; INSERM U1061, Hôpital La Colombière, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 1, Hôpital La Colombière, Montpellier, France.
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Shi C, Zhu X, Wang J, Long D. Tanshinone IIA promotes non-amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein in platelets via estrogen receptor signaling to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt. Biomed Rep 2014; 2:500-504. [PMID: 24944795 DOI: 10.3892/br.2014.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β peptide (Aβ) is a proteolytic product of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Recent findings suggested that platelet-derived Aβ is closely associated with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA), a pharmacologically active component of the Chinese herb Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, has long been used to treat AS and was also identified as a phytoestrogen. However, it has not been elucidated whether Tan IIA intervenes with platelet APP processing and whether such an intervention is associated with its estrogenic activity. Using human platelets, this study demonstrated that Tan IIA promoted the non-amyloidogenic cleavage of APP via estrogenic activity. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway may be involved in this effect of Tan IIA on platelet APP metabolism as a downstream effector of estrogen receptor signaling. This study aimed to extend the existing data and provide new insights into the mechanism underlying the vasoprotective effect of Tan IIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Shi
- Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Jisheng Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Dahong Long
- Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
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Lathe R, Sapronova A, Kotelevtsev Y. Atherosclerosis and Alzheimer--diseases with a common cause? Inflammation, oxysterols, vasculature. BMC Geriatr 2014; 14:36. [PMID: 24656052 PMCID: PMC3994432 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2318-14-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is accompanied by increasing vulnerability to pathologies such as atherosclerosis (ATH) and Alzheimer disease (AD). Are these different pathologies, or different presentations with a similar underlying pathoetiology? DISCUSSION Both ATH and AD involve inflammation, macrophage infiltration, and occlusion of the vasculature. Allelic variants in common genes including APOE predispose to both diseases. In both there is strong evidence of disease association with viral and bacterial pathogens including herpes simplex and Chlamydophila. Furthermore, ablation of components of the immune system (or of bone marrow-derived macrophages alone) in animal models restricts disease development in both cases, arguing that both are accentuated by inflammatory/immune pathways. We discuss that amyloid β, a distinguishing feature of AD, also plays a key role in ATH. Several drugs, at least in mouse models, are effective in preventing the development of both ATH and AD. Given similar age-dependence, genetic underpinnings, involvement of the vasculature, association with infection, Aβ involvement, the central role of macrophages, and drug overlap, we conclude that the two conditions reflect different manifestations of a common pathoetiology. MECHANISM Infection and inflammation selectively induce the expression of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H). Acutely, the production of 'immunosterol' 25-hydroxycholesterol (25OHC) defends against enveloped viruses. We present evidence that chronic macrophage CH25H upregulation leads to catalyzed esterification of sterols via 25OHC-driven allosteric activation of ACAT (acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase/SOAT), intracellular accumulation of cholesteryl esters and lipid droplets, vascular occlusion, and overt disease. SUMMARY We postulate that AD and ATH are both caused by chronic immunologic challenge that induces CH25H expression and protection against particular infectious agents, but at the expense of longer-term pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Lathe
- State University of Pushchino, Prospekt Nauki, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia
- Pushchino Branch of the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290 Moscow Region, Russia
- Pieta Research, PO Box 27069, Edinburgh EH10 5YW, UK
| | - Alexandra Sapronova
- State University of Pushchino, Prospekt Nauki, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia
- Pushchino Branch of the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290 Moscow Region, Russia
- Optical Research Group, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biophysics of Development, Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri Kotelevtsev
- State University of Pushchino, Prospekt Nauki, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia
- Pushchino Branch of the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290 Moscow Region, Russia
- Biomedical Centre for Research Education and Innovation (CREI), Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo 143025, Russia
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Little France, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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Li X, Deroide N, Mallat Z. The role of the inflammasome in cardiovascular diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 92:307-19. [PMID: 24638861 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasome is a very important signaling platform sensing a variety of triggers of the innate immune system. Inflammasome promotes the production of important pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18. Tight control of inflammasome activity is, therefore, essential and occurs at multiple levels. The activation of inflammasome pathways is linked to the pathogenesis of various prevalent disorders including cardiovascular disease such as atherosclerosis, ischemic injury, cardiomyopathy, and Kawasaki disease. The study of the inflammasome in the cardiovascular system has led to the identification of important triggers and endogenous modulators, and to the exploration of new treatment strategies based on the inhibition of inflammasome activation or its end products, i.e., IL-1β and IL-18. In summary, the discovery of the inflammasome has greatly advanced our understanding of how the innate immune system interferes with cardiovascular disease development and progression, and targeting inflammasome provides new avenues for the treatment and management of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK
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Intranasal delivery of plasma and platelet growth factors using PRGF-Endoret system enhances neurogenesis in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73118. [PMID: 24069173 PMCID: PMC3777974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration together with a reduction in neurogenesis are cardinal features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) induced by a combination of toxic amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and a loss of trophic factor support. Amelioration of these was assessed with diverse neurotrophins in experimental therapeutic approaches. The aim of this study was to investigate whether intranasal delivery of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF-Endoret), an autologous pool of morphogens and proteins, could enhance hippocampal neurogenesis and reduce neurodegeneration in an amyloid precursor protein/presenilin-1 (APP/PS1) mouse model. Neurotrophic and neuroprotective actions were firstly evident in primary neuronal cultures, where cell proliferation and survival were augmented by Endoret treatment. Translation of these effects in vivo was assessed in wild type and APP/PS1 mice, where neurogenesis was evaluated using 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BdrU), doublecortin (DCX), and NeuN immunostaining 5 weeks after Endoret administration. The number of BrdU, DCX, and NeuN positive cell was increased after chronic treatment. The number of degenerating neurons, detected with fluoro Jade-B staining was reduced in Endoret-treated APP/PS1 mice at 5 week after intranasal administration. In conclusion, Endoret was able to activate neuronal progenitor cells, enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis, and to reduce Aβ-induced neurodegeneration in a mouse model of AD.
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Järemo P, Milovanovic M, Buller C, Nilsson S, Winblad B. Alzheimer's disease and granulocyte density diversity. Eur J Clin Invest 2013; 43:545-8. [PMID: 23551244 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study investigates circulating eosinophils and neutrophils in Alzheimer's (AD) type dementia with respect to density (kg/L). The existence of β-amyloid plaques in the brain is a feature of AD. Sporadic scientific reports indicate that the disease affects circulating neutrophils. In contrast, numerous publications investigate inflammatory reactions in AD brains. Locally, the plaques evoke a substantial inflammatory response involving activated microglia and astrocytes. METHODS Subjects with probable AD (n = 39) were included and compared with elderly individuals (n = 22) lacking apparent memory problems. We sampled 10 mL venous blood in citrate. Granulocytes were separated according to density in linear Percoll™ gradients. Subsequently, the gradients were divided into density subfractions (n = 16). In every fraction, determination of eosinophil and neutrophil counts was carried out. RESULTS AD sufferers displayed less granulocytes in fractions nos. 13-15 containing light cells. For these fractions, the P-values proved to be (P < 0.001; not significant; P = 0.03) and (P = 0.01; P = 0.01; not significant), for eosinophils and neutrophils, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present work describes that less circulating light granulocytes are a feature of AD demented individuals. It is to hypothesize that it is a sign of impaired granulocyte turnover and cell damage. It is concluded that AD affects inflammatory cells in the periphery and that the behaviour of granulocytes in dementia is worthwhile further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Järemo
- Department of Internal Medicine, the Vrinnevi Hospital, Norrköping, Sweden.
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Becker RE, Greig NH. Fire in the ashes: can failed Alzheimer's disease drugs succeed with second chances? Alzheimers Dement 2013; 9:50-7. [PMID: 22465172 PMCID: PMC5176356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 11/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since Cognex, more than 200 Alzheimer's disease (AD) drug candidates have failed. Investigations have identified vulnerabilities of these AD drug developments to methodological errors. (-)-Phenserine has been discussed as possibly failing due to flawed methods and practices in development. METHODS We analyzed documentation of (-)-phenserine's development for vulnerabilities to errors and designed interventions for a redevelopment that could provide fair or unbiased assessments of (-)-phenserine target engagement, target relevance for human diseases, and adequate presumptive evidence of efficacy as a therapeutic for one or more diagnoses to justify registration-required clinical trials. RESULTS Similar to studies of 40 other AD developments, with (-)-phenserine, we found little evidence of preemptive interventions against potentially invalidating errors, grounds to judge progress in development through stages as not scientifically justifiable, and variance excess and placebo group improvements as capable of accounting for outcomes from various studies in the development. We propose to compare a redevelopment resourced to counter these deficiencies with the original development as historical control to evaluate further our hypothesis that errors in development accounted for the (-)-phenserine failure, specifically, and other AD drug failures, potentially. CONCLUSIONS We find support for our earlier proposal that (-)-phenserine did not fail, but the methods of development did fail, to provide conditions where efficacy could be tested. We propose that redevelopment under conditions aimed to correct methodological deficiencies common in AD drug developments will successfully test efficacy for (-)-phenserine and hopefully lead to a disease-modifying addition to the AD therapeutic armamentarium.
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