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He Y, Liu S, Lin H, Ding F, Shao Z, Xiong L. Roles of organokines in intervertebral disc homeostasis and degeneration. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1340625. [PMID: 38532900 PMCID: PMC10963452 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1340625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The intervertebral disc is not isolated from other tissues. Recently, abundant research has linked intervertebral disc homeostasis and degeneration to various systemic diseases, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Organokines are a group of diverse factors named for the tissue of origin, including adipokines, osteokines, myokines, cardiokines, gastrointestinal hormones, and hepatokines. Through endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine mechanisms, organokines modulate energy homeostasis, oxidative stress, and metabolic balance in various tissues to mediate cross-organ communication. These molecules are involved in the regulation of cellular behavior, inflammation, and matrix metabolism under physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we aimed to summarize the impact of organokines on disc homeostasis and degeneration and the underlying signaling mechanism. We focused on the regulatory mechanisms of organokines to provide a basis for the development of early diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, JingMen Central Hospital, Jingmen, China
- Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liming Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Hai B, Mao T, Du C, Jia F, Liu Y, Song Q, Pan X, Liu X, Zhu B. USP14 promotes pyroptosis of human annulus fibrosus cells derived from patients with intervertebral disc degeneration through deubiquitination of NLRP3. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1720 - 1730. [PMID: 36514221 PMCID: PMC9828310 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a general disorder that results in low back pain and disability among many affected individuals. However, the current treatments for IVDD are limited to relieving the symptoms but do not solve the fundamental issue. In this study, the role of USP14 in mediating the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the pyroptosis of AF cells from IVDD patients is determined in vitro, and gain- and loss-of-function assays of USP14 and the NLRP3 inflammasome are conducted. Pyroptosis of AF cells is detected by flow cytometry. The inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18) and protein levels of NLRP3, active Caspase-1, Aggrecan, MMP3 and ADAMTS-5 are determined by ELISA and western blot analysis, respectively. The correlation between USP14 and NLRP3 is measured by coimmunoprecipitation and ubiquitination analysis. Upregulation of USP14 is accompanied by increased level of the NLRP3 inflammasome in AF cells from IVDD patients; furthermore, a positive correlation between them is observed. USP14 knockdown inhibits pyroptosis in AF cells by inducing ubiquitination of NLRP3, while overexpression of USP14 has the opposite effect, which is inhibited by the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor INF39. USP14 exerts its positive regulatory effect on AF cell pyroptosis by modulating the NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β and IL-18 signaling axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Hai
- Department of OrthopedicsPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Tianli Mao
- Department of OrthopedicsPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Chuanchao Du
- Department of OrthopedicsPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Fei Jia
- Department of OrthopedicsPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of OrthopedicsPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Qingpeng Song
- Department of OrthopedicsPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Xiaoyu Pan
- Department of OrthopedicsPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of OrthopedicsPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of OrthopedicsBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100191China
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Wang Z, Shen J, Feng E, Jiao Y. AMPK as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:789087. [PMID: 34957218 PMCID: PMC8692877 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.789087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As the principal reason for low back pain, intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) affects the health of people around the world regardless of race or region. Degenerative discs display a series of characteristic pathological changes, including cell apoptosis, senescence, remodeling of extracellular matrix, oxidative stress and inflammatory local microenvironment. As a serine/threonine-protein kinase in eukaryocytes, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is involved in various cellular processes through the modulation of cell metabolism and energy balance. Recent studies have shown the abnormal activity of AMPK in degenerative disc cells. Besides, AMPK regulates multiple crucial biological behaviors in IDD. In this review, we summarize the pathophysiologic changes of IDD and activation process of AMPK. We also attempt to generalize the role of AMPK in the pathogenesis of IDD. Moreover, therapies targeting AMPK in alleviating IDD are analyzed, for better insight into the potential of AMPK as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxiong Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Erwei Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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4
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Balci MA, Atli E, GüRKAN H. Investigation of Genes Associated With Atherosclerosis in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arch Rheumatol 2021; 36:287-295. [PMID: 34527935 PMCID: PMC8418757 DOI: 10.46497/archrheumatol.2021.8024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
In this study, we aimed to identify patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who are genetically at risk for developing atherosclerosis. Patients and methods
Between November 2014 and May 2016, a total of 38 patients with SLE (36 females, 2 males; mean age: 37.6 years; range, 18 to 71 years) and 32 healthy females (mean age: 31.5 years; range, 19 to 54 years) were included in the study. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was measured using high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography. SurePrint G3 Human Gene Expression 8x60K Microarray kit was used in our study. Genes showing differences in expression between the groups were identified by using GeneSpring GX 10.0 program. Pathway analyses of gene expressions were performed using Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA). Gene ontology analyses were performed using the Protein Analysis Through Evolutionary Relationships (PANTHER). Results
Clinical findings of SLE patients were mainly photosensitivity (71.1%), arthritis (63.2%), lupus nephritis (55.3%), thrombocytopenia (26.3%), and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (21.1%). A total of 155 genes showing expression level difference were detected between SLE patients and healthy controls. In molecular network analysis, 28.2% of all genes were found to be directly or indirectly associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Conclusion In SLE patients, many genes are expressed differently from healthy individuals. Expression of these genes is important in the pathogenesis of SLE. Genes identified differently in gene expression analysis can help us to identify SLE patients at risk for atherosclerosis in the Turkish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ali Balci
- Rheumatology Clinic, Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Engin Atli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Hakan GüRKAN
- Department of Medical Genetics, Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
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Zhang XB, Hu YC, Cheng P, Zhou HY, Chen XY, Wu D, Zhang RH, Yu DC, Gao XD, Shi JT, Zhang K, Li SL, Song PJ, Wang KP. Targeted therapy for intervertebral disc degeneration: inhibiting apoptosis is a promising treatment strategy. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2799-2813. [PMID: 34220308 PMCID: PMC8241771 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.59171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) is a multifactorial pathological process associated with low back pain (LBP). The pathogenesis is complicated, and the main pathological changes are IVD cell apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Apoptotic cell loss leads to ECM degradation, which plays an essential role in IDD pathogenesis. Apoptosis regulation may be a potential attractive therapeutic strategy for IDD. Previous studies have shown that IVD cell apoptosis is mainly induced by the death receptor pathway, mitochondrial pathway, and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) pathway. This article mainly summarizes the factors that induce IDD and apoptosis, the relationship between the three apoptotic pathways and IDD, and potential therapeutic strategies. Preliminary animal and cell experiments show that targeting apoptotic pathway genes or drug inhibition can effectively inhibit IVD cell apoptosis and slow IDD progression. Targeted apoptotic pathway inhibition may be an effective strategy to alleviate IDD at the gene level. This manuscript provides new insights and ideas for IDD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Yi-Cun Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Hai-Yu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Xigu District People's Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Xiang-Yi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Ding Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Rui-Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - De-Chen Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Xi-Dan Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Jin-Tao Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Shao-Long Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Peng-Jie Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Ke-Ping Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Xigu District People's Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Target. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/8880320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are cytosolic organelles essential for cellular function and survival. The function of mitochondria is maintained by mitochondrial quality control systems including mitochondrial fission and fusion to adapt the altered environment and mitophagy for removal of damaged mitochondria. Mitochondrial dysfunction is closely involved in aging-related diseases. Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, an aging-associated process, is the major contributor to low back pain. Growing evidence has suggested that the mitochondrial function in IVD cells is severely compromised during the degenerative process of IVD, and dysfunctional mitochondria along with impaired mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy cause a series of cascade reactions that have been implicated in increased oxidative stress, senescence, matrix catabolism, and apoptosis of IVD cells, thereby contributing to the degeneration of IVD. Accordingly, therapies that target mitochondrial dysfunction and related mechanisms, such as ROS generation, mitophagy, and specific molecules and signaling, hold great promise. The present review summarizes the current state of the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of IVD degeneration and potential therapeutic strategies that could be developed.
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Ozevren H, Cetin A, Baloglu M, Deveci E. Evaluation of the association between biochemical and immunohistochemical score of caspase-9 and TNFα, and the grading of lumbar disc herniation. Br J Neurosurg 2020; 35:770-774. [PMID: 32924620 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2020.1817314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our study is to investigate the influence of caspase-9 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in the grade of lumbar disc herniation. We determined the strength of different predictors such as age, gender, disc grading, caspase-9 and TNFα. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 84 patients who had discectomies. Histological and biochemical evaluations of disc specimens were performed. All patients were scanned by the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner before the operation. Masson's trichrome stain, biochemical analysis and immunohistochemical staining were performed to measure the expression levels of caspase-9 and TNFα. The results were evaluated statistically. RESULTS This study included 84 patients (mean age: 41.59 ± 12.21 years; range: 19-76): 60 men (age 40.47 ± 12.63 years) and 24 women (44.42 ± 10.81 years). No statistically significant age difference was found between the genders (p = 0.182). MRI scans showed 16 patients had protrusion, 44 had extrusion and 24 had sequestration of discs. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between the grading of lumbar disc herniations and age (p < 0.001, r = -0.509). Histological and biochemical analyses of disc materials were done. Inflammation, collagen fibre deterioration, apoptotic process, TNFα and caspase-9 were seen to increase with increasing disc grading (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Biochemical and immunohistochemical score of caspase-9 and TNFα indicate the grading of lumbar disc herniation. As the grading of disc herniation increases, inflammation of cells and collagen fibre disruption increase and accelerate the apoptotic process. Apoptosis in disc nucleus pulposus cells may reduce disc herniation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Ozevren
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Cetin
- Department of Neurosurgery, HSU Gaziyasargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Murat Baloglu
- HSU Gaziyasargil Training and Research Hospital, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Engin Deveci
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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8
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Zheng X, Liu P, Yang C, Wu X. Amyloid protein aggregation in diabetes mellitus accelerate intervertebral disc degeneration. Med Hypotheses 2020; 141:109739. [PMID: 32305815 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the risk factors for disc degeneration, but the exact mechanism is still unclear. Misfolding and aggregation of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) is an important factor in diabetes. hIAPP proteins misfold from monomers to β-sheet-rich oligomers, destroy the permeability of the cell membrane and cause abnormal cell function and death. Under the pathological state of diabetes, hIAPP oligomers can promote the expression and secretion of the inflammatory factor IL-1β, while IL-1β-mediated inflammatory response is the pathogenesis basis of intervertebral disc degeneration. Thus, amyloid hIAPP aggregation accelerates disc degeneration in the pathological state of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Zheng
- Departments of Stomatology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical, College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghuo Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical, College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Targeting the IL-1β/IL-1Ra pathways for the aggregation of human islet amyloid polypeptide in an ex vivo organ culture system of the intervertebral disc. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-16. [PMID: 31554783 PMCID: PMC6802624 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is characterized by excessive apoptosis of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and hyperactive extracellular matrix (ECM) catabolism. Our previous studies revealed the relationship between human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) and NP cell apoptosis. However, the role of hIAPP aggregates in IDD has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to determine whether the accumulation of hIAPP aggregates promotes IDD progression. The aggregation of hIAPP increased in human NP tissues during IDD. The deposition of hIAPP aggravated the compression-induced IDD that promoted NP cell apoptosis and ECM degradation via IL-1β/IL-1Ra signaling in an ex vivo rat disc model. Moreover, neutralizing IL-1β augmented the protective effects of hIAPP overexpression by decreasing hIAPP aggregation in human NP cells. These results suggest that the aggregation of hIAPP promotes NP cell apoptosis and ECM degradation ex vivo and in vitro by disrupting the balance of IL-1β/IL-1Ra signaling.
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10
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Wu X, Wang K, Hua W, Li S, Liu X, Song Y, Zhang Y, Shao Z, Li S, Yang C. Fibronectin induced ITGβ1/FAK-dependent apoptotic pathways determines the fate of degenerative NP cells. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:439-448. [PMID: 30370584 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is caused by a decrease in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, due mainly to apoptosis. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is involved in the integrin (ITG)-mediated control of cell adhesion and anoikis (apoptosis). To explore the involvement of ITGβ1/FAK-dependent apoptotic pathways in disc degeneration, histological, and molecular biological studies on the protein expression of fibronectin (FN), ITGβ1, and syndecan 4 (SYND4) in non-degenerative and degenerative NP tissues were conducted. Degenerative NP cells were isolated and cultured in the presence of SYND4 and/or ITGβ1, with or without an FAK inhibitor. The effects of upregulation or knockdown of ITGβ1 gene expression were also examined. The TUNEL assay was used to determine the percentage of apoptotic cells. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of SYND4, ITGβ1, FAK, and downstream pathway proteins. The results showed that extracellular FN was degraded during the IVD degeneration process, detrimentally affecting the function, and survival of NP cells. The apoptotic rate was increased by ITGβ1 activation, but partially reduced by FN. After ITGβ1 knockdown, the FAK/PI3 K/AKT axis was activated in the ITGβ1/FAK-dependent pathways, resulting in increased cell adherence capacity and decreased anoikis. FN rescued the degenerative NP cells from anoikis through the FAK-dependent signaling pathways. In conclusion, the extracellular matrix protein FN is essential for maintaining the function and survival of NP cells through ITGβ1/FAK-dependent apoptotic pathways during disc degeneration. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:439-448, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghuo Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Wenbin Hua
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Xianzhe Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Suyun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Cao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
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11
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Rider SM, Mizuno S, Kang JD. Molecular Mechanisms of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Spine Surg Relat Res 2019; 3:1-11. [PMID: 31435545 PMCID: PMC6690117 DOI: 10.22603/ssrr.2017-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration is a well-known cause of disability, the result of which includes neck and back pain with associated mobility limitations. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the known molecular mechanisms through which intervertebral disc degeneration occurs as a result of complex interactions of exogenous and endogenous stressors. This review will focus on some of the identified molecular changes leading to the deterioration of the extracellular matrix of both the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus. In addition, we will provide a summation of our current knowledge supporting the role of associated DNA and intracellular damage, cellular senescence's catabolic effects, oxidative stress, and the cell's inappropriate response to damage in contributing to intervertebral disc degeneration. Our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which intervertebral disc degeneration occurs provides us with abundant insight into how physical and chemical changes exacerbate the degenerative process of the entire spine. Furthermore, we will describe some of the related molecular targets and therapies that may contribute to intervertebral repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Rider
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuichi Mizuno
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James D Kang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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The involvement of regulated in development and DNA damage response 1 (REDD1) in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration. Exp Cell Res 2018; 372:188-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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