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Wan Q, Lu Q, Luo S, Guan C, Zhang H. The beneficial health effects of puerarin in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases: from mechanisms to therapeutics. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03142-3. [PMID: 38709267 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death globally that seriously threaten human health. Although novel western medicines have continued to be discovered over the past few decades to inhibit the progression of CVDs, new drug research and development for treating CVDs with less side effects and adverse reactions are continuously being desired. Puerarin is a natural product found in a variety of medicinal plants belonging to the flavonoid family with potent biological and pharmacological activities. Abundant research findings in the literature have suggested that puerarin possesses a promising prospect in treating CVDs. In recent years, numerous new molecular mechanisms of puerarin have been explored in experimental and clinical studies, providing new evidence for this plant metabolite to protect against CVDs. This article systematically introduces the history of use, bioavailability, and various dosage forms of puerarin and further summarizes recently published data on the major research advances and their underlying therapeutic mechanisms in treating CVDs. It may provide references for researchers in the fields of pharmacology, natural products, and internal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wan
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 445 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, 330006, China.
- Clinical Medical College, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 445 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Qiwen Lu
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Sang Luo
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Chengyan Guan
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang, 330004, China
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Liao G, Liu W, Dai Y, Shi X, Liu Y, Li D, Xu T. Beneficial effects of flavonoids on animal models of atherosclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. iScience 2023; 26:108337. [PMID: 38026172 PMCID: PMC10665821 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases that seriously endanger human health. The existing treatment drugs are effective, but they have some side effects. Accumulating evidence suggests that flavonoids have attracted wide attention due to their multiple cardioprotective effects and fewer side effects. PubMed, Web of Science database, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies evaluating the effects of flavonoids against atherosclerosis. 119 studies published from August 1954 to April 2023 were included. Random-effects models were performed for synthesis. Compared with the control group, flavonoids significantly reduced longitudinal and cross-sectional plaque area. The findings indicated that flavonoids significantly reduced the concentrations of serum TC, TG, and LDL-C and increased serum HDL-C concentrations. Besides, flavonoids reduced the levels of circulating pro-inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and increased the serum IL-10 level. This study provides evidence for the potential cardiovascular benefits of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gege Liao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wanlu Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yiming Dai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiangxiang Shi
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dongye Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tongda Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Xuan T, Liu Y, Liu R, Liu S, Han J, Bai X, Wu J, Fan R. Advances in Extraction, Purification, and Analysis Techniques of the Main Components of Kudzu Root: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2023; 28:6577. [PMID: 37764353 PMCID: PMC10535729 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Kudzu root (Pueraria lobate (Willd.) Ohwi, KR) is an edible plant with rich nutritional and medicinal values. Over the past few decades, an ample variety of biological effects of Pueraria isoflavone have been evaluated. Evidence has shown that Pueraria isoflavone can play an active role in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, neuroprotection, and cardiovascular protection. Over 50 isoflavones in kudzu root have been identified, including puerarin, daidzein, daidzin, 3'-hydroxy puerarin, and genistein, each with unambiguous structures. However, the application of these isoflavones in the development of functional food and health food still depends on the extraction, purification and identification technology of Pueraria isoflavone. In recent years, many green and novel extraction, purification, and identification techniques have been developed for the preparation of Pueraria isoflavone. This review provides an updated overview of these techniques, specifically for isoflavones in KR since 2018, and also discusses and compares the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques in depth. The intention is to provide a research basis for the green and efficient extraction, purification, and identification of Pueraria isoflavone and offers investigators a valuable reference for future studies on the KR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jie Wu
- Department of Sanitary Inspection, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China; (T.X.); (Y.L.); (R.L.); (S.L.); (J.H.); (X.B.)
| | - Ronghua Fan
- Department of Sanitary Inspection, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China; (T.X.); (Y.L.); (R.L.); (S.L.); (J.H.); (X.B.)
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Wang D, Bu T, Li Y, He Y, Yang F, Zou L. Pharmacological Activity, Pharmacokinetics, and Clinical Research Progress of Puerarin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2121. [PMID: 36358493 PMCID: PMC9686758 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As a kind of medicine and food homologous plant, kudzu root (Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi) is called an "official medicine" in Chinese folk medicine. Puerarin is the main active component extracted from kudzu root, and its structural formula is 8-β-D-grapes pyranose-4, 7-dihydroxy isoflavone, with a white needle crystal; it is slightly soluble in water, and its aqueous solution is colorless or light yellow. Puerarin is a natural antioxidant with high health value and has a series of biological activities such as antioxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor effects, immunity improvement, and cardio-cerebrovascular and nerve cell protection. In particular, for the past few years, it has also been extensively used in clinical study. This review focuses on the antioxidant activity of puerarin, the therapy of diverse types of inflammatory diseases, various new drug delivery systems of puerarin, the "structure-activity relationship" of puerarin and its derivatives, and pharmacokinetic and clinical studies, which can provide a new perspective for the puerarin-related drug research and development, clinical application, and further development and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Tong Bu
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yangqian Li
- Asset and Laboratory Management Department, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yueyue He
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Academic Affairs Office, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
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Wu B, Zhong Y, Chen J, Pan X, Fan X, Chen P, Fu C, Ou C, Chen M. A dual-targeting peptide facilitates targeting anti-inflammation to attenuate atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- mice. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8690-8693. [PMID: 35833251 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01457b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a peptidic dual-targeting drug delivery platform (integrins targeting and self-assembly instructed by matrix metalloproteinases) towards inflamed endothelial cells, which improved the anti-inflammatory ability of the loaded drug (i.e., puerarin) in vitro and thus improved the antiatherogenic effect of the loaded drug (i.e., puerarin) in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, and Guangdong Provincial Center of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510280, P. R. China.
| | - Yuanzhi Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, and Guangdong Provincial Center of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510280, P. R. China.
| | - Jinmin Chen
- Cardiovascular Department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, P. R. China
| | - Xianmei Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, and Guangdong Provincial Center of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510280, P. R. China.
| | - Xianglin Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, and Guangdong Provincial Center of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510280, P. R. China.
| | - Peier Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, and Guangdong Provincial Center of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510280, P. R. China.
| | - Chenxing Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, and Guangdong Provincial Center of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510280, P. R. China.
| | - Caiwen Ou
- Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), 523059, P. R. China
| | - Minsheng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, and Guangdong Provincial Center of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510280, P. R. China.
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Chen XH, Tan Y, Yu S, Lu L, Deng Y. Pinitol Protects Against Ox-Low-Density Lipoprotein-Induced Endothelial Inflammation and Monocytes Attachment. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 79:368-374. [PMID: 34861664 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease that affects a majority of people around the world at old age. Atherosclerosis is slow to develop and challenging to treat. Endothelial dysfunction caused by oxidative stress, inflammation, and other pathological factors drives the process of atherogenesis. LOX-1 is one of the main scavenging receptors for oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and contributes to atherogenesis by inducing overproduction of reactive oxygen species, increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and secretion of cellular adhesion molecules. In addition, activation of LOX-1 inhibits the expression of KLF2, a key protective factor against atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the effects of pinitol, and naturally occurring cyclic polyol, on endothelial dysfunction induced by ox-LDL. Our findings show that pinitol revealed a good safety profile, as evidenced by reducing lactate dehydrogenase release in human aortic endothelial cells. In our experiments, pinitol reduced the production of reactive oxygen species and expression of IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 induced by ox-LDL. Pinitol also significantly reduced the attachment of THP-1 monocytes to endothelial cells via downregulation of vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin. Importantly, we found that pinitol reduced the expression of LOX-1 induced by ox-LDL and rescued the expression of KLF2, which is dependent on ERK5 expression. Together, our findings provide notable evidence that pinitol may have potential implication in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanchang First Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Jiang Z, Cui X, Qu P, Shang C, Xiang M, Wang J. Roles and mechanisms of puerarin on cardiovascular disease:A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 147:112655. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Zhang H, Chen H, Wu X, Sun T, Fan M, Tong H, Zhu Y, Yin Z, Sun W, Zhang C, Zheng X, Chen X. Tetramethylpyrazine alleviates diabetes-induced high platelet response and endothelial adhesion via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:153860. [PMID: 34836743 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammatory state of diabetes promotes high platelet response and endothelial adhesion, which are the main risk factors for cardiovascular events. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is an amide alkaloid isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong, which has been widely used in the clinical treatment of ischemic cardiovascular disease. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate whether TMP could alleviate diabetes-induced high platelet response and endothelial adhesion and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rat model was established by high-fat feeding combined with low dose of streptozotocin. Rats in the TMP treatment group were administered with TMP (100 or 200 mg/kg) for 21 days. Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were stimulated with glucose (5.5 mM) to induce endothelial activation. The NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) over- and low-expressing cell models were established via transfection of NLRP3 lentivirus plasmid into HUVECs. INF39 (25 mg/kg), a chemical inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome, was used to explore the role of NLRP3 in T2DM associated high platelet response and endothelial adhesion. RESULTS TMP effectively improved the prothrombotic phenotypes and inhibited the expression of vascular inflammatory factors and adhesion molecules in T2DM rats. TMP inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome and reduced the adhesion of HUVECs to platelets and monocytes in vitro. Over-expression of NLRP3 blocked the effect of TMP on HUVECs activation and adhesion, while TMP had no effect on NLRP3 low-expressing HUVECs. The NLRP3 inhibitor INF39 produced similar effects of TMP on diabetes-induced high platelet response, endothelial adhesion and vascular inflammation. CONCLUSION TMP ameliorates diabetes-induced high platelet response and endothelial adhesion via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in T2DM rats, which provide a new basis for the clinical prevention and treatment of diabetes-associated cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Zhang
- College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, QinHuai District, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hanyu Chen
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Nanjing Normal University of Special Education, Nanjing 210038, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, QinHuai District, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Tong Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, QinHuai District, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Manlu Fan
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, QinHuai District, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Huaqin Tong
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, QinHuai District, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yejin Zhu
- School of Medicine • Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhe Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Gulou District, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Weixin Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Yancheng TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Medicine • Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Gulou District, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xiaohu Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, QinHuai District, Nanjing 210029, China.
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The Role of KLF2 in the Regulation of Atherosclerosis Development and Potential Use of KLF2-Targeted Therapy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020254. [PMID: 35203463 PMCID: PMC8869605 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Kruppel like factor 2 (KLF2) is a mechanosensitive transcription factor participating in the regulation of vascular endothelial cells metabolism. Activating KLF2 in endothelial cells induces eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) expression, subsequent NO (nitric oxide) release, and vasodilatory effect. In addition, many KLF2-regulated genes participate in the anti-thrombotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, thereby preventing atherosclerosis development and progression. In this review, we summarise recent evidence suggesting that KLF2 plays a major role in regulating atheroprotective effects in endothelial cells. We also discuss several recently identified repurposed drugs and natural plant-based bioactive compounds with KLF2-mediated atheroprotective activities. Herein, we present a comprehensive overview of the role of KLF2 in atherosclerosis and as a pharmacological target for different drugs and natural compounds and highlight the potential application of these phytochemicals for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Kamel NM, El-Tanbouly DM, Abdallah DM, Sayed HM. PAR1, a therapeutic target for remote lung injury associated with hind limb ischemia/reperfusion: ERK5/KLF2-dependent lung capillary barrier preservation. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 354:109809. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Zhou YX, Zhang H, Peng C. Effects of Puerarin on the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:771793. [PMID: 34950032 PMCID: PMC8689134 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.771793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Puerarin, an isoflavone glycoside derived from Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi, has been identified as a pharmacologically active component with diverse benefits. A large number of experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that puerarin is widely used in the treatment of a variety of diseases. Among them, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the world, and therefore remain one of the most prominent global public health concerns. In this review, we systematically analyze the preclinical investigations of puerarin in CVDs, such as atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, diabetic cardiovascular complications, myocardial infarction, stroke and hypertension. In addition, the potential molecular targets of puerarin are also discussed. Furthermore, we summarize the clinical trails of puerarin in the treatment of CVDs. Finally, the therapeutic effects of puerarin derivatives and its drug delivery systems are overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Library, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Hu Q, Liu Z, Guo Y, Lu S, Du H, Cao Y. Antioxidant capacity of flavonoids from Folium Artemisiae Argyi and the molecular mechanism in Caenorhabditis elegans. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114398. [PMID: 34242729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Folium Artemisiae Argyi (FAA) is one kind of Chinese herbal medicine with a long history. It has widespread pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and hemostatic, among others. FAA is traditionally used for the treatment of eczema, respiratory diseases and gynecological diseases for hundreds of years. Flavonoids are reported as the main components of them. Recent studies focused on the antioxidant effect of its flavonoids in vitro, while few studies focused on the antioxidant effect in vivo, and the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Folium Artemisia Argyi flavonoids (FAAF) and explore its possible molecular mechanism in Caenorhabditis elegans. The research and development of its medicinal value will beneficial to the resource utilization of FAA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, FAAF was prepared, purified and then qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using LC-DAD-MS. Then, 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), hydroxyl radical and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were applied to investigate the antioxidant effect of FAAF in vitro. Meanwhile, a stress resistance assay was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant effect of FAAF in vivo. Moreover, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation were determined to ascertain whether FAAF can increase the oxidant defense system of nematodes and reduce the accumulation of ROS. Lipofuscin and protein carbonylation assays were employed to test whether FAAF can increase the antioxidant capacity of nematodes to resist the growth health indicators related to antioxidation. At last, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to evaluate the expression of genes related to antioxidation. The expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) was further investigated using a fluorescence microscope in transgenic strains (SOD-3::GFP, GST-4::GFP, and HSP-16.2::GFP). RESULTS FAAF exhibited a strong antioxidant capacity and enhanced stress resistance in C. elegans. FAAF reduced ROS accumulation and improved the antioxidant defense system under acute stress. Moreover, FAAF prevented the accumulation of lipofuscin and protein carbonylation in C. elegans. FAAF also upregulated the gene expression levels of hsp-16.2, gst-4, sod-3, skn-1, daf-16, ctl-2, hsf-1 and increased SOD-3::GFP and GST-4::GFP expression. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that FAAF exerted antioxidant activity in C. elegans. It was perhaps regulated by the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Zegan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Yujie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Hongzhi Du
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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Park JS, Lee GH, Jin SW, Pham TH, Thai TN, Kim JY, Kim CY, Han EH, Hwang YP, Choi CY, Jeong HG. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor regulates the KLF2-dependent eNOS expression by activating of Ca 2+ and EGFR signaling pathway in human endothelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114721. [PMID: 34363795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is important for maintaining normal blood vessel function by preventing endothelial cell dysfunction. It has been reported that G-1, an agonist of GPER, increases nitric oxide (NO) production through the phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). However, the effect of GPER activation on eNOS expression has not been studied. Our results show that G-1 significantly increased the expression of eNOS and Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) in human endothelial EA.hy926 cells. The individual silences of KLF2 and GPER attenuated G-1-induced eNOS expression. In addition, inhibition of the Gαq and Gβγ suppressed G-1-induced the expression of eNOS and KLF2 in EA.hy926 cells. Interestingly, these effects were similar in HUVECs. Furthermore, we found that GPER-mediated Ca2+ signaling increased the phosphorylation of CaMKKβ, AMPK, and CaMKIIα in the cells. The phosphorylation of histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) by activation of AMPK and CaMKIIα increased the expression of eNOS via transcriptional activity of KLF2. We further demonstrate that GPER activation increased the phosphorylation of Src, EGFR, ERK5, and MEF2C and consequently induced the expression of eNOS and KLF2. Meanwhile, inhibition of ERK5 and HDAC5 suppressed the expression of eNOS and KLF2 induced by G-1 in the cells. These findings suggest that GPER provides a novel mechanism for understanding the regulation of eNOS expression and is an essential therapeutic target in preventing cardiovascular-related endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Song Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Ho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Woo Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Hoa Pham
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuyet Ngan Thai
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Han
- Drug & Disease Target Research Team, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Pil Hwang
- Fisheries Promotion Division, Mokpo City, Mokpo 58613, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Yung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Gwang Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Fang Y, Li J, Niu X, Ma N, Zhao J. Hypomethylation of Rnase6 Promoter Enhances Proliferation and Migration of Murine Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Aggravates Atherosclerosis in Mice. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:695461. [PMID: 34395402 PMCID: PMC8355590 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.695461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Accumulating evidence has implicated DNA methylation in the progression of atherosclerosis (AS). Rnase6 has been reported to be upregulated in AS development, but the specific regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Material/Methods: Peripheral blood and sclerotic plaque tissues from 25 AS patients were collected to detect Rnase6 expression. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) was used to detected Rnase6 methylation levels in the peripheral blood of AS patients. Rnase6 expression was knocked down or DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) was overexpressed in OX-LDL-treated mouse aortic smooth muscle cells (MOVAS), and cell proliferation, migration, ROS content, and inflammatory factor secretion levels were detected. 740 Y-P, a PI3K specific agonist, was introduced to verify the effect of Rnase6 promoter hypomethylation on the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. We knocked down Rnase6 expression in ApoE−/− mice fed with a high-fat diet to examine Rnase6 promoter methylation levels. Plaque areas and inflammatory factor secretion were examined in AS mice overexpressing DNMT1. Results: Rnase6 expression was upregulated in the peripheral blood and plaque tissues of AS patients, accompanied by decreased methylation levels of the Rnase6 promoter. Interfering with Rnase6 expression or overexpressing DNMT1 in OX-LDL stimulated MOVAS inhibited cell proliferation and migration, decreased ROS content and inflammatory factor secretion, and inhibited PI3K pathway protein expression. Rnase6 expression was decreased in the peripheral blood and plaque tissues of si-Rnase6-injected mice, and Rnase6 promoter methylation was increased. Mice overexpressing DNMT1 showed less plaque areas in the aortic root and lower secretion levels of inflammatory factors. Conclusion: Hypomethylation of the promoter of Rnase6 enhanced the proliferation and migration of OX-LDL treated MOVAS, upregulated ROS content and inflammatory factor secretion levels in the cells, and activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- YongPeng Fang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - JinShuang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Suqian Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - XuDong Niu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yinchuan Women and Children Healthcare Hospital, Yinchuan, China
| | - NingShun Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yinchuan Women and Children Healthcare Hospital, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, China
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15
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Wang F, Zhao C, Yang M, Zhang L, Wei R, Meng K, Bao Y, Zhang L, Zheng J. Four Citrus Flavanones Exert Atherosclerosis Alleviation Effects in ApoE -/- Mice via Different Metabolic and Signaling Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:5226-5237. [PMID: 33890787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Citrus flavanones have the potential to alleviate atherosclerosis. The metabolism and anti-atherosclerosis signaling pathways of four citrus flavanones (naringin, naringenin, hesperidin, and hesperetin) were compared in ApoE-/- mice. Naringin had the most potent anti-atherogenic effect, followed by hesperidin, naringenin, and hesperetin with reductions of 55.92, 34.98, 42.87, and 24.70% in the atherosclerotic plaque rate compared with the control, respectively. Oral naringin mainly existed in the intestine due to the high water solubility of 7-O-nohesperidoside and alleviated atherosclerosis mainly by enhancing bile acid synthesis in the gut microbiota-FXR/FGF15-CYP7A1 pathway. The other three flavanones mainly alleviated atherosclerosis in the liver after absorption from the intestine. Hesperidin upregulates ABCA1 by 1.8-fold to enhance cholesterol reverse transport, while the aglycones naringenin and hesperetin inhibited cholesterol synthesis via downregulating HMGCR by 2.4- and 2.3-fold, respectively. Hesperetin was more resistant to absorption than naringenin due to the existence of a 4'-methoxyl group and had relatively weak effects on atherosclerosis. The alleviation of atherosclerosis by the four citrus flavanones was tightly related to differences in their in vivo metabolism and signaling pathways. This provides new insights into the anti-atherosclerotic mechanisms of food functional flavanones and guidance for the design of novel, efficient strategies for preventing atherosclerosis based on citrus flavanones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chengying Zhao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Minke Yang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rujun Wei
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kun Meng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuming Bao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinkai Zheng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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16
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Lee GH, Park JS, Jin SW, Pham TH, Thai TN, Kim JY, Kim CY, Choi JH, Han EH, Jeong HG. Betulinic Acid Induces eNOS Expression via the AMPK-Dependent KLF2 Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14523-14530. [PMID: 33232606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid with protective effects against inflammation, metabolic diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. We have previously shown that BA prevents endothelial dysfunction by increasing nitric oxide (NO) synthesis through activating endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in human endothelial cells. However, the effect of BA on eNOS expression remains unclear. Thus, the aim of our study was to investigate the intracellular pathways associated with the effect of BA to regulate eNOS expression in human endothelial cells. BA significantly increased eNOS expression in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, BA upregulated the expression of the transcription factor KLF2, which is known to regulate eNOS expression. KLF2 silencing in human endothelial cells attenuated the ability of BA to upregulate eNOS. BA also increased levels of intracellular Ca2+, activating CaMKKβ, CaMKIIα, and AMPK. Inhibition of the TRPC calcium channel abolished BA-mediated effects on intracellular Ca2+ levels. Moreover, BA increased the phosphorylation levels of ERK5, HDAC5, and MEF2C. Pretreatment of cells with compound C (AMPK inhibitor), LMK235 (HDAC5 inhibitor), and XMD8-92 (ERK5 inhibitor) attenuated the BA-induced eNOS expression. Collectively, these findings suggest that BA induces eNOS expression by activating the HDAC5/ERK5/KLF2 pathway in endothelial cells. The data presented here provide strong evidence supporting the use of BA to prevent endothelial dysfunction and treat vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Ho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Song Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Woo Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Hoa Pham
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuyet Ngan Thai
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Han
- Drug & Disease Target Research Team, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Gwang Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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17
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Kondo M, Izawa-Ishizawa Y, Goda M, Hosooka M, Kagimoto Y, Saito N, Matsuoka R, Zamami Y, Chuma M, Yagi K, Takechi K, Tsuneyama K, Ishizawa K. Preventive Effects of Quercetin against the Onset of Atherosclerosis-Related Acute Aortic Syndromes in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197226. [PMID: 33007902 PMCID: PMC7582618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis-related acute aortic syndromes, such as aortic aneurysms or aortic dissection are life-threatening diseases. Since they develop suddenly and progress rapidly, the establishment of preventive strategies is urgently needed. Quercetin, a flavonoid abundant in various vegetables and fruits, is suggested to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, in this study, the preventive effect of quercetin was evaluated using a mouse model of aortic aneurysm and dissection. The model was established by administering angiotensin II (Ang II) and β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), a lysyl oxidase inhibitor, to mice to induce hypertension and degeneration of the elastic lamina, which would eventually result in the onset of an aortic aneurysm. Ang II, BAPN, and a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor was administered to induce aortic dissection via endothelial dysfunction. Quercetin (60 mg/kg/day) was administered 2 weeks before inducing aortic diseases by the end of the experiments (8 weeks in the aneurysm model, 6 weeks in the dissection model). It was found to reduce the incidence of aneurysm (from 72 to 45%), dissection (from 17 to 10%), and rupture (from 33 to 15%) in mice. Elastin degradation was ameliorated in the quercetin-treated mice compared to that in the mice without quercetin treatment (degradation score 2.9 ± 0.3 vs 2.2 ± 0.2). Furthermore, quercetin suppressed the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, macrophage infiltration, and pro-matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity. Our results suggest that quercetin might prevent the onset of atherosclerosis-related acute aortic syndromes through its anti-inflammatory and endothelial cell-protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masateru Kondo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.K.); (R.M.); (Y.Z.); (K.I.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan;
| | - Yuki Izawa-Ishizawa
- AWA Support Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-88-633-7538
| | - Mitsuhiro Goda
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan;
| | - Mayuko Hosooka
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan;
| | - Yuu Kagimoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.K.); (R.M.); (Y.Z.); (K.I.)
| | - Naoko Saito
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan;
| | - Rie Matsuoka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.K.); (R.M.); (Y.Z.); (K.I.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan;
| | - Yoshito Zamami
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.K.); (R.M.); (Y.Z.); (K.I.)
| | - Masayuki Chuma
- Clinical Research Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (M.C.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kenta Yagi
- Clinical Research Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (M.C.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kenshi Takechi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, Ehime 790-8578, Japan;
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan;
| | - Keisuke Ishizawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.K.); (R.M.); (Y.Z.); (K.I.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan;
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18
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Zhang T, Zhao L, Zhang T, Wu W, Liu J, Wang X, Wan Y, Geng H, Sun X, Qian W, Yu D. Curcumin Negatively Regulates Cigarette Smoke-Induced Renal Cell Carcinoma Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Through the ERK5/AP-1 Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:9689-9700. [PMID: 33061449 PMCID: PMC7532894 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s265847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background So far, little research has been conducted regarding the underlying mechanism of renal carcinogenesis at molecular level. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) exerts an important part during tumor genesis as well as the development through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Therefore, we hypothesized that EMT could promote renal cell carcinoma (RCC) progression via the ERK5/AP-1pathway. Materials and Methods The RCC cell lines were utilized to be the models with in vitro exposure to cigarette smoke extract (CSE). We used the curcumin for the EMT intervention study. In the present study, immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blotting, and real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR had been used to determine the experimental results. EMT phenotypic alterations were assessed by changes in cell morphology, invasion and transfer ability, as well as expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers. Results In human renal cell carcinoma tissue, E-cadherin expression within the smoking renal cancer patients was down-regulated compared with that among the non-smokers. However, Vimentin, N-cadherin, and TWIST levels increased (P<0.05). Significantly, we clarified that ERK5/AP-1 exerted positive regulation on the renal cell carcinoma EMT mediated by CS, which was suggested based on the results of CS activating the ERK5/AP-1 pathway, as well as ERK5 inhibition via XMD8-92 reversed AP-1 protein levels and the EMT process. Furthermore, curcumin showed the same inhibitory effect as XMD8-92 and significantly reversed CS-induced EMT through inhibiting the ERK5/AP-1 signaling pathway. Conclusion The above results indicated that ERK5/AP-1 signaling pathway exerts a vital part for CS-associated RCC development and cancer intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Urologic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Urologic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210048, People's Republic of China
| | - Taotao Zhang
- Department of Urologic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangyu Wu
- Department of Urologic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Urologic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Urologic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wan
- Department of Hematology/Hematological Lab, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Geng
- Department of Urologic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Urologic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Qian
- Department of Urologic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Dexin Yu
- Department of Urologic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
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19
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Butyrate mitigates TNF-α-induced attachment of monocytes to endothelial cells. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2020; 52:247-256. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-020-09841-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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20
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Sadhukhan R, Leung JWC, Garg S, Krager KJ, Savenka AV, Basnakian AG, Pathak R. Fractionated radiation suppresses Kruppel-like factor 2 pathway to a greater extent than by single exposure to the same total dose. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7734. [PMID: 32382091 PMCID: PMC7206069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64672-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) is a positive transcriptional regulator of several endothelial protective molecules, including thrombomodulin (TM), a surface receptor, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), an enzyme that generates nitric oxide (NO). Loss of TM and eNOS causes endothelial dysfunction, which results in suppressed generation of activated protein C (APC) by TM-thrombin complex and in upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). Mechanistic studies revealed that activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) via upregulation of myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) induces KLF2 expression. Radiation causes endothelial dysfunction, but no study has investigated radiation’s effects on the KLF2 pathway. Because fractionated radiation is routinely used during cancer radiotherapy, we decided to delineate the effects of radiation dose fractionation on the KLF2 signaling cascade at early time points (up to 24 h). We exposed human primary endothelial cells to radiation as a series of fractionated or as a single exposure, with the same total dose delivered to each group. We measured the expression and activity of critical members of the KLF2 pathway at subsequent time points, and determined whether pharmacological upregulation of KLF2 can reverse the radiation effects. Compared to single exposure, fractionated radiation profoundly suppressed KLF2, TM, and eNOS levels, subdued APC generation, declined KLF2 binding ability to TM and eNOS promoters, enhanced ICAM-1 expression, and decreased expression of upstream regulators of KLF2 (ERK5 and MEF2). Pharmacological inhibitors of the mevalonate pathway prevented fractionated-radiation–induced suppression of KLF2, TM, and eNOS expression. Finally, fractionated irradiation to thoracic region more profoundly suppressed KLF2 and enhanced ICAM-1 expression than single exposure in the lung at 24 h. These data clearly indicate that radiation dose fractionation plays a critical role in modulating levels of KLF2, its upstream regulators, and its downstream target molecules in endothelial cells. Our findings will provide important insights for selecting fractionated regimens during radiotherapy and for developing strategies to alleviate radiotherapy-induced toxicity to healthy tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratan Sadhukhan
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Justin W C Leung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Sarthak Garg
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Kimberly J Krager
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Alena V Savenka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Alexei G Basnakian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Rupak Pathak
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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21
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Xu S. Therapeutic potential of blood flow mimetic compounds in preventing endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104737. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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22
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Jiang T, Zhang W, Wang Z. Laquinimod Protects Against TNF-α-Induced Attachment of Monocytes to Human Aortic Endothelial Cells (HAECs) by Increasing the Expression of KLF2. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:1683-1691. [PMID: 32440094 PMCID: PMC7222522 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s243666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction As a worldwide health issue, the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis present an important goal. Increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α-associated chronic inflammatory response cause endothelial cells to lose their ability to regulate vascular function. Lipid-laden immune cells are recruited to the endothelium where they adhere to the endothelial wall and invade the intimal space, thereby leading to the development of atherosclerotic lesions, fatty plaques, and thickening of the arterial wall. In the present study, for the first time, we investigated the effects of laquinimod, an immunomodulatory agent used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, on human aortic endothelial in a TNF-α-induced atherosclerotic microenvironment. At present, the mechanism of action of laquinimod is not well defined. Methods The effects of laquinimod on the gene expression of IL-6, MCP-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, and KLF2 were measured by real-time PCR. ELISA assay was used to determine protein secretion and expression. Phosphorylation of ERK5 and the protein level of KLF2 were measured by Western blot analysis. The attachment of monocytes to endothelial cells was assayed by calcein-AM staining and fluorescent microscopy. Results Our findings demonstrate that laquinimod reduced the expression of key inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-6, MCP-1, and HMGB1. We further demonstrate that laquinimod significantly reduced the attachment of monocytes to endothelial cells, which is mediated through reduced expression of the cellular adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and E-selectin. Here, we found that laquinimod could significantly increase the expression of KLF2 through activation of ERK5 signaling. The results of our KLF2 knockdown experiment confirm that the effects of laquinimod observed in vitro are dependent on KLF2 expression. Conclusion Together, these findings suggest a potential antiatherosclerotic capacity of laquinimod. Further research will elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiechao Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China.,Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genetic Diagnosis, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China.,Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Endothelial Function and Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China.,Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genetic Diagnosis, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China.,Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Endothelial Function and Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China
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23
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Zemskov EA, Lu Q, Ornatowski W, Klinger CN, Desai AA, Maltepe E, Yuan JXJ, Wang T, Fineman JR, Black SM. Biomechanical Forces and Oxidative Stress: Implications for Pulmonary Vascular Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:819-842. [PMID: 30623676 PMCID: PMC6751394 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Oxidative stress in the cell is characterized by excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxide (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are the main ROS involved in the regulation of cellular metabolism. As our fundamental understanding of the underlying causes of lung disease has increased it has become evident that oxidative stress plays a critical role. Recent Advances: A number of cells in the lung both produce, and respond to, ROS. These include vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells as well as the cells involved in the inflammatory response, including macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils. The redox system is involved in multiple aspects of cell metabolism and cell homeostasis. Critical Issues: Dysregulation of the cellular redox system has consequential effects on cell signaling pathways that are intimately involved in disease progression. The lung is exposed to biomechanical forces (fluid shear stress, cyclic stretch, and pressure) due to the passage of blood through the pulmonary vessels and the distension of the lungs during the breathing cycle. Cells within the lung respond to these forces by activating signal transduction pathways that alter their redox state with both physiologic and pathologic consequences. Future Directions: Here, we will discuss the intimate relationship between biomechanical forces and redox signaling and its role in the development of pulmonary disease. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms induced by biomechanical forces in the pulmonary vasculature is necessary for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A Zemskov
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Wojciech Ornatowski
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Christina N Klinger
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Emin Maltepe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
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Jiang Y, Du H, Liu X, Fu X, Li X, Cao Q. Artemisinin alleviates atherosclerotic lesion by reducing macrophage inflammation via regulation of AMPK/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasomes pathway. J Drug Target 2019; 28:70-79. [PMID: 31094238 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1616296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that atherosclerosis is the significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Artemisinin is a natural endoperoxides quiterpene lactone compound in Artemisia annua L with vasculoprotective effects. The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether artemisinin could be conferred an anti-atherosclerotic effect in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed ApoE-/- mice and explore the possible mechanism. We found that treatment with artemisinin (50 and 100 mg/kg) effectively ameliorated atherosclerotic lesions, such as foam cell formation, hyperplasia and fibrosis in the aortic intima. Atherosclerotic mice treated with artemisinin showed reduced inflammation by up-regulating adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and by down-regulating nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) phosphorylation and nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome expression in the aortas. In addition, artemisinin was found to promote AMPK activity in macrophages and its anti-inflammatory effect was neutralised by AMPK silence using specific siRNA. In conclusion, we demonstrate that artemisinin may protect the aortas from atherosclerotic lesions by suppression of inflammatory reaction via AMPK/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasomes signalling in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjiao Du
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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25
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Yue W, Li Y, Ou D, Yang Q. The GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide protects against oxidized LDL-induced endothelial inflammation and dysfunction via KLF2. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1347-1354. [PMID: 30969479 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are the major causes of the mortality and morbidities in diabetic patients. The diabetic patients have an increased risk of developing atherosclerosis, which could lead to heart attack and stroke. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are a class of potent anti-glycemic agents to treat diabetes. Recently, several GLP-1 receptor agonists have been found to have cardiovascular benefit independent of their glucose lowing ability. Liraglutide is one of clinically approved effective GLP-1 receptor agonists. In this study, we explored the molecular mechanism of Liraglutide against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in cultured endothelial cells. Our data show that Liraglutide treatment ameliorates ox-LDL caused reduction of the transcriptional factor KLF2. In the same experiment, Liraglutide also rescues ox-LDL induced reduction of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase extracellular signal regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) phosphorylation, and blockage of ERK5 activity by its inhibitor XMD8-92 abolishes the protection of Liraglutide on KLF2 expression. These facts suggest that the action of Liraglutide on endothelial KLF2 is dependent on ERK5. Liraglutide also recovers ox-LDL caused reduction of endothelial tight junctions protein Occludin and ameliorates ox-LDL induced endothelial monolayer permeability increase. On the other hand, Liraglutide inhibits ox-LDL induced expression of vascular adhesion molecules (E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1), and prevents ox-LDL induced attachment of monocytes adhesion to endothelial cells. Moreover, Liraglutide mitigates ox-LDL triggered reduction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and NO release. Collectively, our study provides multiple facets of the mechanisms that Liraglutide is a protective agent in endothelial cells and has the potential implication in therapeutic usage of vascular complication in diabetes patients. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(9):1347-1354, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yue
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jiajiang Rehabilitation Hospital, Leshan, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengke Ou
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Peng L, Xie Z, Pei J, Wang B, Gao Y, Qu Y. Puerarin alters the function of monocytes/macrophages and exhibits chondroprotection in mice. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2876-2882. [PMID: 30720093 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that puerarin may impede osteoclastogenesis and facilitate bone regeneration, in addition to attenuating tissue inflammation. The present study investigated the therapeutic effects of puerarin on inflammatory responses and monocyte recruitment in in vitro and in vivo osteoarthritis (OA) models. Puerarin treatment increased the proliferation of OA chondrocytes, as determined by Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay. In addition, the present results suggested that puerarin suppressed the interleukin‑1β‑induced production of inflammatory cytokines in OA chondrocytes and monocytes/macrophages, as assessed by ELISA. In a mouse model of mono‑iodoacetate‑induced OA, the present histological analyses suggested that administration with puerarin attenuated the inflammatory profile of OA joints and reduced cartilage destruction. Using flow cytometry, a decreased number of myeloid‑derived C‑C chemokine receptor 2+/lymphocyte Ag 6C+ monocytes was identified in the blood of OA mice treated with puerarin compared with control OA mice. Furthermore, quantitative real‑time polymerase chain reaction analysis suggested that puerarin treatment decreased C‑C chemokine ligand 2 expression in arthritic tissues. Collectively, the results suggested that puerarin treatment limited the recruitment of inflammatory monocytes. In summary, the present study provided pre‑clinical evidence that puerarin may serve as a potential target in the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Zikang Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Jie Pei
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Yuxing Qu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
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27
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Zheng J, Chen K, Zhu Y, Wang H, Chen Z, Yong X, Yin H, Chen J, Lai K, Liu Y. The neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist aprepitant ameliorates oxidized LDL-induced endothelial dysfunction via KLF2. Mol Immunol 2019; 106:29-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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28
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Zhu X, Du J, Yu J, Guo R, Feng Y, Qiao L, Xu Z, Yang F, Zhong G, Liu F, Cheng F, Chu M, Lin J. LncRNA NKILA regulates endothelium inflammation by controlling a NF-κB/KLF4 positive feedback loop. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 126:60-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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