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Gonzalez Galofre ZN, Kilpatrick AM, Marques M, Sá da Bandeira D, Ventura T, Gomez Salazar M, Bouilleau L, Marc Y, Barbosa AB, Rossi F, Beltran M, van de Werken HJG, van IJcken WFJ, Henderson NC, Forbes SJ, Crisan M. Runx1+ vascular smooth muscle cells are essential for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell development in vivo. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1653. [PMID: 38395882 PMCID: PMC10891074 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44913-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) produce all essential cellular components of the blood. Stromal cell lines supporting HSCs follow a vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC) differentiation pathway, suggesting that some hematopoiesis-supporting cells originate from vSMC precursors. These pericyte-like precursors were recently identified in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region; however, their role in the hematopoietic development in vivo remains unknown. Here, we identify a subpopulation of NG2+Runx1+ perivascular cells that display a sclerotome-derived vSMC transcriptomic profile. We show that deleting Runx1 in NG2+ cells impairs the hematopoietic development in vivo and causes transcriptional changes in pericytes/vSMCs, endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells in the murine AGM. Importantly, this deletion leads also to a significant reduction of HSC reconstitution potential in the bone marrow in vivo. This defect is developmental, as NG2+Runx1+ cells were not detected in the adult bone marrow, demonstrating the existence of a specialised pericyte population in the HSC-generating niche, unique to the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaniah N Gonzalez Galofre
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alastair M Kilpatrick
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Madalena Marques
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Diana Sá da Bandeira
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Telma Ventura
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mario Gomez Salazar
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Léa Bouilleau
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yvan Marc
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ana B Barbosa
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fiona Rossi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mariana Beltran
- Centre for Inflammation Research/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Harmen J G van de Werken
- Cancer Computational Biology Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F J van IJcken
- Center for Biomics, Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mihaela Crisan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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2
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Bickel MA, Sherry DM, Bullen EC, Vance ML, Jones KL, Howard EW, Conley SM. Microvascular smooth muscle cells exhibit divergent phenotypic switching responses to platelet-derived growth factor and insulin-like growth factor 1. Microvasc Res 2024; 151:104609. [PMID: 37716411 PMCID: PMC10842624 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic switching is critical for normal vessel formation, vascular stability, and healthy brain aging. Phenotypic switching is regulated by mediators including platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), as well as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and endothelin-1 (ET-1), but much about the role of these factors in microvascular VSMCs remains unclear. METHODS We used primary rat microvascular VSMCs to explore PDGF-BB- and IGF-1-induced phenotypic switching. RESULTS PDGF-BB induced an early proliferative response, followed by formation of polarized leader cells and rapid, directionally coordinated migration. In contrast, IGF-1 induced cell hypertrophy, and only a small degree of migration by unpolarized cells. TGF-β and ET-1 selectively inhibit PDGF-BB-induced VSMC migration primarily by repressing migratory polarization and formation of leader cells. Contractile genes were downregulated by both growth factors, while other genes were differentially regulated by PDGF-BB and IGF-1. CONCLUSIONS These studies indicate that PDGF-BB and IGF-1 stimulate different types of microvascular VSMC phenotypic switching characterized by different modes of cell migration. Our studies are consistent with a chronic vasoprotective role for IGF-1 in VSMCs in the microvasculature while PDGF is more involved in VSMC proliferation and migration in response to acute activities such as neovascularization. Better understanding of the nuances of the phenotypic switching induced by these growth factors is important for our understanding of a variety of microvascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa A Bickel
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States of America
| | - David M Sherry
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States of America; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States of America; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth C Bullen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States of America
| | - Michaela L Vance
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States of America
| | - Ken L Jones
- Bioinformatic Solutions, LLC, Sheridan, WY 82801, United States of America
| | - Eric W Howard
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States of America
| | - Shannon M Conley
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States of America.
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3
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Ju R, Shi J. Rapid calcification after large area cerebral infarction. Panminerva Med 2023; 65:539-540. [PMID: 33470587 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.20.04249-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Ju
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Anshan, China -
| | - Ji Shi
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Anshan, China
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4
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Arévalo Martínez M, Ritsvall O, Bastrup JA, Celik S, Jakobsson G, Daoud F, Winqvist C, Aspberg A, Rippe C, Maegdefessel L, Schiopu A, Jepps TA, Holmberg J, Swärd K, Albinsson S. Vascular smooth muscle-specific YAP/TAZ deletion triggers aneurysm development in mouse aorta. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e170845. [PMID: 37561588 PMCID: PMC10544211 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.170845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inadequate adaption to mechanical forces, including blood pressure, contributes to development of arterial aneurysms. Recent studies have pointed to a mechanoprotective role of YAP and TAZ in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Here, we identified reduced expression of YAP1 in human aortic aneurysms. Vascular SMC-specific knockouts (KOs) of YAP/TAZ were thus generated using the integrin α8-Cre (Itga8-Cre) mouse model (i8-YT-KO). i8-YT-KO mice spontaneously developed aneurysms in the abdominal aorta within 2 weeks of KO induction and in smaller arteries at later times. The vascular specificity of Itga8-Cre circumvented gastrointestinal effects. Aortic aneurysms were characterized by elastin disarray, SMC apoptosis, and accumulation of proteoglycans and immune cell populations. RNA sequencing, proteomics, and myography demonstrated decreased contractile differentiation of SMCs and impaired vascular contractility. This associated with partial loss of myocardin expression, reduced blood pressure, and edema. Mediators in the inflammatory cGAS/STING pathway were increased. A sizeable increase in SOX9, along with several direct target genes, including aggrecan (Acan), contributed to proteoglycan accumulation. This was the earliest detectable change, occurring 3 days after KO induction and before the proinflammatory transition. In conclusion, Itga8-Cre deletion of YAP and TAZ represents a rapid and spontaneous aneurysm model that recapitulates features of human abdominal aortic aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivia Ritsvall
- Vascular Physiology Environment, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joakim Armstrong Bastrup
- Vascular Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Selvi Celik
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gabriel Jakobsson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Fatima Daoud
- Vascular Physiology Environment, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christopher Winqvist
- Vascular Physiology Environment, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Aspberg
- Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Catarina Rippe
- Vascular Physiology Environment, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, and
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandru Schiopu
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund, Sweden, and
- Nicolae Simionescu Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Thomas A. Jepps
- Vascular Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Holmberg
- Vascular Physiology Environment, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karl Swärd
- Vascular Physiology Environment, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Albinsson
- Vascular Physiology Environment, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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5
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Lazzarato L, Bianchi L, Andolfo A, Granata A, Lombardi M, Sinelli M, Rolando B, Carini M, Corsini A, Fruttero R, Arnaboldi L. Proteomics Studies Suggest That Nitric Oxide Donor Furoxans Inhibit In Vitro Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation by Nitric Oxide-Independent Mechanisms. Molecules 2023; 28:5724. [PMID: 37570694 PMCID: PMC10420201 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiologically, smooth muscle cells (SMC) and nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial cells strictly cooperate to maintain vasal homeostasis. In atherosclerosis, where this equilibrium is altered, molecules providing exogenous NO and able to inhibit SMC proliferation may represent valuable antiatherosclerotic agents. Searching for dual antiproliferative and NO-donor molecules, we found that furoxans significantly decreased SMC proliferation in vitro, albeit with different potencies. We therefore assessed whether this property is dependent on their thiol-induced ring opening. Indeed, while furazans (analogues unable to release NO) are not effective, furoxans' inhibitory potency parallels with the electron-attractor capacity of the group in 3 of the ring, making this effect tunable. To demonstrate whether their specific block on G1-S phase could be NO-dependent, we supplemented SMCs with furoxans and inhibitors of GMP- and/or of the polyamine pathway, which regulate NO-induced SMC proliferation, but they failed in preventing the antiproliferative effect. To find the real mechanism of this property, our proteomics studies revealed that eleven cellular proteins (with SUMO1 being central) and networks involved in cell homeostasis/proliferation are modulated by furoxans, probably by interaction with adducts generated after degradation. Altogether, thanks to their dual effect and pharmacological flexibility, furoxans may be evaluated in the future as antiatherosclerotic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta Lazzarato
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (L.L.); (B.R.); (R.F.)
| | - Laura Bianchi
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Annapaola Andolfo
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility (ProMeFa), Center for Omics Sciences (COSR), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy;
| | - Agnese Granata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.G.); (M.L.); (M.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Matteo Lombardi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.G.); (M.L.); (M.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Matteo Sinelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.G.); (M.L.); (M.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Barbara Rolando
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (L.L.); (B.R.); (R.F.)
| | - Marina Carini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences “Pietro Pratesi”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Alberto Corsini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.G.); (M.L.); (M.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Roberta Fruttero
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (L.L.); (B.R.); (R.F.)
| | - Lorenzo Arnaboldi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.G.); (M.L.); (M.S.); (A.C.)
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6
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Medzikovic L, Aryan L, Ruffenach G, Li M, Savalli N, Sun W, Sarji S, Hong J, Sharma S, Olcese R, Fishbein G, Eghbali M. Myocardial fibrosis and calcification are attenuated by microRNA-129-5p targeting Asporin and Sox9 in cardiac fibroblasts. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e168655. [PMID: 37154157 PMCID: PMC10243800 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis and calcification associate with adverse outcomes in nonischemic heart failure. Cardiac fibroblasts (CF) transition into myofibroblasts (MF) and osteogenic fibroblasts (OF) to promote myocardial fibrosis and calcification. However, common upstream mechanisms regulating both CF-to-MF transition and CF-to-OF transition remain unknown. microRNAs are promising targets to modulate CF plasticity. Our bioinformatics revealed downregulation of miR-129-5p and upregulation of its targets small leucine-rich proteoglycan Asporin (ASPN) and transcription factor SOX9 as common in mouse and human heart failure (HF). We experimentally confirmed decreased miR-129-5p and enhanced SOX9 and ASPN expression in CF in human hearts with myocardial fibrosis and calcification. miR-129-5p repressed both CF-to-MF and CF-to-OF transition in primary CF, as did knockdown of SOX9 and ASPN. Sox9 and Aspn are direct targets of miR-129-5p that inhibit downstream β-catenin expression. Chronic Angiotensin II infusion downregulated miR-129-5p in CF in WT and TCF21-lineage CF reporter mice, and it was restored by miR-129-5p mimic. Importantly, miR-129-5p mimic not only attenuated progression of myocardial fibrosis, calcification marker expression, and SOX9 and ASPN expression in CF but also restored diastolic and systolic function. Together, we demonstrate miR-129-5p/ASPN and miR-129-5p/SOX9 as potentially novel dysregulated axes in CF-to-MF and CF-to-OF transition in myocardial fibrosis and calcification and the therapeutic relevance of miR-129-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laila Aryan
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine
| | | | - Min Li
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine
| | | | - Wasila Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine
| | - Shervin Sarji
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine
| | - Jason Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine
| | - Salil Sharma
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine
| | - Riccardo Olcese
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine
- Department of Physiology, and
| | - Gregory Fishbein
- Department of Physiology, and
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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7
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Goodwin K, Lemma B, Zhang P, Boukind A, Nelson CM. Plasticity in airway smooth muscle differentiation during mouse lung development. Dev Cell 2023; 58:338-347.e4. [PMID: 36868232 PMCID: PMC10149112 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
It has been proposed that smooth muscle differentiation may physically sculpt airway epithelial branches in mammalian lungs. Serum response factor (SRF) acts with its co-factor myocardin to activate the expression of contractile smooth muscle markers. In the adult, however, smooth muscle exhibits a variety of phenotypes beyond contractile, and these are independent of SRF/myocardin-induced transcription. To determine whether a similar phenotypic plasticity is exhibited during development, we deleted Srf from the mouse embryonic pulmonary mesenchyme. Srf-mutant lungs branch normally, and the mesenchyme displays mechanical properties indistinguishable from controls. scRNA-seq identified an Srf-null smooth muscle cluster, wrapping the airways of mutant lungs, which lacks contractile smooth muscle markers but retains many features of control smooth muscle. Srf-null embryonic airway smooth muscle exhibits a synthetic phenotype, compared with the contractile phenotype of mature wild-type airway smooth muscle. Our findings identify plasticity in embryonic airway smooth muscle and demonstrate that a synthetic smooth muscle layer promotes airway branching morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Goodwin
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Bezia Lemma
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Adam Boukind
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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8
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Martín-Vañó S, Miralles-Abella A, Castaño P, Hurtado-Genovés G, Aguilar-Ballester M, Herrero-Cervera A, Vinué A, Martínez-Hervás S, González-Navarro H. Vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype is modulated by ligands of the lymphotoxin β receptor and the tumor necrosis factor receptor. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2023; 35:1-11. [PMID: 35738949 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) undergo a phenotypic-switching process during the generation of unstable atheroma plaques. In this investigation, the potential implication of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) ligands, in the gene expression signature associated with VSMC plasticity was studied. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human aortic (ha)VSMCs were obtained commercially and treated with the cytokine TNFSF14, also called LIGHT, the lymphotoxin alpha (LTα), the heterotrimer LTα1β2 or with vehicle for 72h. The effect of the different treatments on gene expression was analyzed by quantitative PCR and included the study of genes associated with myofibroblast-like cell function, osteochondrogenesis, pluripotency, lymphorganogenesis and macrophage-like cell function. RESULTS HaVSMCs displayed a change in myofibroblast-like cell genes which consisted in reduced COL1A1 and TGFB1 mRNA levels when treated with LTα or LIGHT and with augmented MMP9 expression levels when treated with LTα. LTα and LIGHT treatments also diminished the expression of genes associated with osteochondrogenesis and pluripotency SOX9, CKIT, and KLF4. By contrary, all the above genes were no affected by the treatment with the trimer LTα1β2. In addition, haVSMC treatment with LTα, LTα1β2 and LIGHT altered lymphorganogenic cytokine gene expression which consisted of augmented CCL20 and CCL21 mRNA levels by LTα and a reduction in the gene expression of CCL21 and CXCL13 by LIGHT and LTα1β2 respectively. Neither, LTα or LIGHT or LTα1β2 treatments affected the expression of macrophage-like cell markers in haVSMC. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, indicates that the TNFSF ligands through their interconnected network of signaling, are important in the preservation of VSMC identity against the acquisition of a genetic expression signature compatible with functional cellular plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Angela Vinué
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio Martínez-Hervás
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; Endocrinology and Nutrition Department Clinic Hospital and Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Herminia González-Navarro
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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9
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Wu Y, Chen M, Chen Z, Shu J, Zhang L, Hu J, Yu H, Huang K, Liang M. Theaflavin-3,3′-Digallate from Black Tea Inhibits Neointima Formation Through Suppression of the PDGFRβ Pathway in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:861319. [PMID: 35903325 PMCID: PMC9315285 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.861319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The abnormal neointima formation caused by the phenotypic switching of vascular smooth cells (VSMCs) into a synthetic state plays a key role in the pathogenesis of various vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and postangioplasty restenosis. Theaflavin-3,3′-digallate (TF3) in black tea has been reported to exert antiinflammatory and anticancer effects, but its role in neointima formation remains unclear. Here, we delineated a remarkable effect of TF3 in suppressing neointima formation of VSMCs in vivo as well as the ability of primary rat aortic smooth cells (RASMCs) to proliferate and migrate in vitro. Further study confirmed that the effects of TF3 on PDGF-BB–induced RASMCs were due to reduced phosphorylation of PDGFRβ, which led to the repression of downstream pathways. We concluded that TF3 may act as a repressor in the progression of neointima formation and serve as a potential therapeutic candidate for excessive phenotypic switching of VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Wu
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Chen
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Zilong Chen
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiangcheng Shu
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Luoying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiong Hu
- Department of Histology and Embryology School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongjun Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Huang, ; Minglu Liang,
| | - Minglu Liang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Huang, ; Minglu Liang,
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10
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Christoph M, Pflücke C, Mensch M, Augstein A, Jellinghaus S, Ende G, Mierke J, Franke K, Wielockx B, Ibrahim K, Poitz DM. Myeloid PHD2 deficiency accelerates neointima formation via Hif-1α. Mol Immunol 2022; 149:48-58. [PMID: 35724581 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The key players of the hypoxic response are the hypoxia-inducible factors (Hif), whose α-subunits are tightly regulated by Prolyl-4-hydroxylases (PHD), predominantly by PHD2. Monocytes/Macrophages are involved in atherosclerosis but also restenosis and were found at hypoxic and sites of the lesion. Little is known about the role of the myeloid PHD2 in atherosclerosis and neointima formation. The study aimed to investigate the consequences of a myeloid deficiency of PHD2 in the process of neointima formation using an arterial denudation model. LysM-cre mice were crossed with PHD2fl/fl, PHD2fl/fl/Hif1αfl/fl and PHD2fl/fl/Hif2αfl/fl to get myeloid specific knockout of PHD2 and the Hif-α subunits. Denudation of the femoral artery was performed and animals were fed a western type diet afterwards with analysis of neointima formation 5 and 35 days after denudation. Increased neointima formation in myeloid PHD2 knockouts was observed, which was blunted by double-knockout of PHD2 and Hif1α whereas double knockout of PHD2 and Hif-2α showed comparable lesions to the PHD2 knockouts. Macrophage infiltration was comparable to the neointima formation, suggesting a more inflammatory reaction, and was accompanied by increased intimal VEGF-A expression. Collagen-content inversely correlated to the extent of neointima formation suggesting a destabilization of the plaque. This effect might be triggered by macrophage polarization. Therefore, in vitro results showed a distinct expression pattern in differentially polarized macrophages with high expression of Hif-1α, VEGF and MMP-1 in proinflammatory M1 macrophages. In conclusion, the results show that myeloid Hif-1α is involved in neointima hyperplasia. Our in vivo and in vitro data reveal a central role for this transcription factor in driving plaque-vascularization accompanied by matrix-degradation leading to plaque destabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Christoph
- Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, University Hospital at the Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany; Technische Universität, Dresden Campus, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Christian Pflücke
- Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, University Hospital at the Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Mensch
- Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, University Hospital at the Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Antje Augstein
- Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, University Hospital at the Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefanie Jellinghaus
- Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, University Hospital at the Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Georg Ende
- Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, University Hospital at the Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Mierke
- Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, University Hospital at the Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristin Franke
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ben Wielockx
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karim Ibrahim
- Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, University Hospital at the Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany; Technische Universität, Dresden Campus, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - David M Poitz
- Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, University Hospital at the Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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11
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Zhou W, Bai Y, Chen J, Li H, Zhang B, Liu H. Revealing the Critical Regulators of Modulated Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis in Mice. Front Genet 2022; 13:900358. [PMID: 35677564 PMCID: PMC9168464 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.900358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There are still residual risks for atherosclerosis (AS)-associated cardiovascular diseases to be resolved. Considering the vital role of phenotypic switching of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in AS, especially in calcification, targeting SMC phenotypic modulation holds great promise for clinical implications. Methods: To perform an unbiased and systematic analysis of the molecular regulatory mechanism of phenotypic switching of SMCs during AS in mice, we searched and included several publicly available single-cell datasets from the GEO database, resulting in an inclusion of more than 80,000 cells. Algorithms implemented in the Seurat package were used for cell clustering and cell atlas depiction. The pySCENIC and SCENIC packages were used to identify master regulators of interested cell groups. Monocle2 was used to perform pseudotime analysis. clusterProfiler was used for Gene Ontology enrichment analysis. Results: After dimensionality reduction and clustering, reliable annotation was performed. Comparative analysis between cells from normal artery and AS lesions revealed that three clusters emerged as AS progression, designated as mSMC1, mSMC2, and mSMC3. Transcriptional and functional enrichment analysis established a continuous transitional mode of SMCs’ transdifferentiation to mSMCs, which is further supported by pseudotime analysis. A total of 237 regulons were identified with varying activity scores across cell types. A potential core regulatory network was constructed for SMC and mSMC subtypes. In addition, module analysis revealed a coordinate regulatory mode of regulons for a specific cell type. Intriguingly, consistent with gain of ossification-related transcriptional and functional characteristics, a corresponding small set of regulators contributing to osteochondral reprogramming was identified in mSMC3, including Dlx5, Sox9, and Runx2. Conclusion: Gene regulatory network inference indicates a hierarchical organization of regulatory modules that work together in fine-tuning cellular states. The analysis here provides a valuable resource that can provide guidance for subsequent biological experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhou
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongyi Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqiao Chen
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huiying Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Baohua Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Health Care, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hongbin Liu,
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12
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Rui L, Liu R, Jiang H, Liu K. Sox9 Promotes Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis After Acute Myocardial Infarction by Promoting miR-223-3p and Inhibiting MEF2C. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:902-913. [PMID: 35229259 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00471-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a severe and even fatal cardiovascular disease. The effect of transcription factors on AMI is intensively explored. Our experiment attempts to probe the role of Sox9 in cardiomyocyte apoptosis after AMI. AMI cell model was established in AC16 cells by hypoxia treatment. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed. Then, the levels of BAX, Bcl-2, Sox9, miR-223-3p, and MEF2C were detected. The binding relation between Sox9 and miR-223-3p and between miR-223-3p and MEF2C was verified. The expression of miR-223-3p was upregulated using the miR-223-3p mimic, and collaborative experiments were conducted as si-Sox9 or si-MEF2C was transfected into cells to inhibit the expression of Sox9 or MEF2C. Sox9 was highly expressed in cardiomyocyte apoptosis after hypoxia, while Sox9 silencing protected hypoxia-treated cardiomyocytes from apoptosis by enhancing cell viability, quenching apoptosis, and reducing activity of caspase-3 and caspase-9. Essentially, Sox9 bound to the miR-223-3p promoter region to upregulate its expression. miR-223-3p targeted MEF2C transcription. miR-223-3p overexpression and MEF2C silencing could counteract the suppressive role of Sox9 silencing in hypoxia-treated cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Sox9 exacerbated hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by promoting miR-223-3p expression and inhibiting MEF2C transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Rui
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College, No.167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Rui Liu
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College, No.167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Huaping Jiang
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College, No.167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Kaiyang Liu
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College, No.167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
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13
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Chen P, Hong W, Chen Z, Gordillo-Martinez F, Wang S, Fan H, Liu Y, Dai Y, Wang B, Jiang L, Yu H, He P. CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein Alpha Is a Novel Regulator of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Osteochondrogenic Transition and Vascular Calcification. Front Physiol 2022; 13:755371. [PMID: 35295585 PMCID: PMC8918665 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.755371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AimsVascular calcification is a common clinical complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), atherosclerosis (AS), and diabetes, which is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients. The transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to an osteochondrogenic phenotype is a crucial step during vascular calcification. The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation, but whether it regulates the calcification of arteries and VSMCs remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to understand the role of C/EBPα in the regulation of vascular calcification.Methods and ResultsBoth mRNA and protein expression levels of C/EBPα were significantly increased in calcified arteries from mice treated with a high dose of vitamin D3 (vD3). Upregulation of C/EBPα was also observed in the high phosphate- and calcium-induced VSMC calcification process. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of C/EBPα significantly attenuated VSMC calcification in vitro. Moreover, C/EBPα depletion in VSMCs significantly reduced the mRNA expression of the osteochondrogenic genes, e.g., sex-determining region Y-box 9 (Sox9). C/EBPα overexpression can induce SOX9 overexpression. Similar changes in the protein expression of SOX9 were also observed in VSMCs after C/EBPα depletion or overexpression. In addition, silencing of Sox9 expression significantly inhibited the phosphate- and calcium-induced VSMC calcification in vitro.ConclusionFindings in this study indicate that C/EBPα is a key regulator of the osteochondrogenic transdifferentiation of VSMCs and vascular calcification, which may represent a novel therapeutic target for vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyuan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital’s Nanhai Hospital, The Second Hospital of Nanhai District Foshan City, Foshan, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanzi Hong
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziying Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | | | - Siying Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hualin Fan
- School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanhui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yining Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Jiang,
| | - Hongjiao Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangzhou Medical University-Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Hongjiao Yu,
| | - PengCheng He
- School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- PengCheng He,
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14
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Lin Y, Huang H, Yu Y, Zhu F, Xiao W, Yang Z, Shao L, Shen Z. Long non-coding RNA RP11-465L10.10 promotes vascular smooth muscle cells phenotype switching and MMP9 expression via the NF-κB pathway. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1776. [PMID: 35071470 PMCID: PMC8756256 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-6402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Thoracic aortic aneurysm/dissection (TAA/D) are complicated vascular disorders with rapid development and high mortality. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) phenotype switching plays an important role in the pathological process of TAA/D. Previous studies have indicated a potential correlation between long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) RP11-465L10.10 and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) involved in the development of TAA/D. This study aims to investigate the role of lncRNA RP11-465L10.10 in VSMCs phenotype switching and the molecular mechanism in regulating MMP9 expression. Methods The expression of RP11-465L10.10 in vascular tissues and in VMSCs was detected by RT-qPCR. To investigate the role of RP11-465L10.10 on VSMCs phenotype switching, an RP11-465L10.10-overexpressed lentiviral vector was constructed and transfected into VSMCs. Through EdU staining, migration assay, flow cytometry analysis, the roles of RP11-465L10.10 were estimated. Bioinformatics indicated that RP11-465L10.10 upregulating MMP9 expression via NF-κB signaling, and SN50 (a specific inhibitor of NF-κB pathway) was used to inhibit the NF-κB pathway activation, then the expression of MMP9 was detected in RP11-465L10.10 overexpressed VMSCs. Results In this study, we found RP11-465L10.10 and MMP9 were highly increased in TAD patient tissues, which was consistent in angiotensin II-induced VSMCs phenotype switching. RP11-465L10.10 overexpression facilitated VSMCs phenotype switching and MMP9 expression. Mechanismly, NF-κB signal pathway was involved in RP11-465L10.10 induced VSMCs phenotype switching and MMP9 expression by transcriptome data analysis and experimental confirm. Conclusion This study demonstrated that RP11-465L10.10 induces VSMCs phenotype switching and MMP9 expression via the NF-κB signal pathway, suggesting that RP11-465L10.10 might be a potential therapeutic target for TAA/D treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haoyue Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - You Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weizhang Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ziying Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lianbo Shao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenya Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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15
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Herrero-Cervera A, Espinós-Estévez C, Martín-Vañó S, Taberner-Cortés A, Aguilar-Ballester M, Vinué Á, Piqueras L, Martínez-Hervás S, González-Navarro H. Dissecting Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Is Aggravated by Genetic Inactivation of LIGHT (TNFSF14). Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111518. [PMID: 34829747 PMCID: PMC8615201 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), is a complex disorder characterized by vascular vessel wall remodeling. LIGHT (TNFSF14) is a proinflammatory cytokine associated with vascular disease. In the present study, the impact of genetic inactivation of Light was investigated in dissecting AAA induced by angiotensin II (AngII) in the Apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe−/−) mice. Studies in aortic human (ah) vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) to study potential translation to human pathology were also performed. AngII-treated Apoe−/−Light−/− mice displayed increased abdominal aorta maximum diameter and AAA severity compared with Apoe−/− mice. Notably, reduced smooth muscle α-actin+ area and Acta2 and Col1a1 gene expression were observed in AAA from Apoe−/−Light−/− mice, suggesting a loss of VSMC contractile phenotype compared with controls. Decreased Opn and augmented Sox9 expression, which are associated with detrimental and non-contractile osteochondrogenic VSMC phenotypes, were also seen in AngII-treated Apoe−/−Light−/− mouse AAA. Consistent with a role of LIGHT preserving VSMC contractile characteristics, LIGHT-treatment of ahVSMCs diminished the expression of SOX9 and of the pluripotency marker CKIT. These effects were partly mediated through lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) as the silencing of its gene ablated LIGHT effects on ahVSMCs. These studies suggest a protective role of LIGHT through mechanisms that prevent VSMC trans-differentiation in an LTβR-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Herrero-Cervera
- INCLIVA, Institute of Health Research, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.H.-C.); (S.M.-V.); (A.T.-C.); (M.A.-B.); (Á.V.); (L.P.); (S.M.-H.)
| | | | - Susana Martín-Vañó
- INCLIVA, Institute of Health Research, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.H.-C.); (S.M.-V.); (A.T.-C.); (M.A.-B.); (Á.V.); (L.P.); (S.M.-H.)
| | - Alida Taberner-Cortés
- INCLIVA, Institute of Health Research, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.H.-C.); (S.M.-V.); (A.T.-C.); (M.A.-B.); (Á.V.); (L.P.); (S.M.-H.)
| | - María Aguilar-Ballester
- INCLIVA, Institute of Health Research, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.H.-C.); (S.M.-V.); (A.T.-C.); (M.A.-B.); (Á.V.); (L.P.); (S.M.-H.)
| | - Ángela Vinué
- INCLIVA, Institute of Health Research, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.H.-C.); (S.M.-V.); (A.T.-C.); (M.A.-B.); (Á.V.); (L.P.); (S.M.-H.)
| | - Laura Piqueras
- INCLIVA, Institute of Health Research, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.H.-C.); (S.M.-V.); (A.T.-C.); (M.A.-B.); (Á.V.); (L.P.); (S.M.-H.)
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Martínez-Hervás
- INCLIVA, Institute of Health Research, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.H.-C.); (S.M.-V.); (A.T.-C.); (M.A.-B.); (Á.V.); (L.P.); (S.M.-H.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Clinic Hospital of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Herminia González-Navarro
- INCLIVA, Institute of Health Research, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.H.-C.); (S.M.-V.); (A.T.-C.); (M.A.-B.); (Á.V.); (L.P.); (S.M.-H.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-96-386-44-03; Fax: +34-96-398-78-60
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16
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Samara VA, Das S, Reddy MA, Tanwar VS, Stapleton K, Leung A, Abdollahi M, Ganguly R, Lanting L, Natarajan R. Angiotensin II-Induced Long Non-Coding RNA Alivec Regulates Chondrogenesis in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Cells 2021; 10:2696. [PMID: 34685676 PMCID: PMC8535098 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play key roles in Angiotensin II (AngII) signaling but their role in chondrogenic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is unknown. We describe a novel AngII-induced lncRNA Alivec (Angiotensin II-induced lncRNA in VSMCs eliciting chondrogenic phenotype) implicated in VSMC chondrogenesis. In rat VSMCs, Alivec and the nearby gene Acan, a chondrogenic marker, were induced by growth factors AngII and PDGF and the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. AngII co-regulated Alivec and Acan through the activation of AngII type1 receptor signaling and Sox9, a master transcriptional regulator of chondrogenesis. Alivec knockdown with GapmeR antisense-oligonucleotides attenuated the expression of AngII-induced chondrogenic marker genes, including Acan, and inhibited the chondrogenic phenotype of VSMCs. Conversely, Alivec overexpression upregulated these genes and promoted chondrogenic transformation. RNA-pulldown coupled to mass-spectrometry identified Tropomyosin-3-alpha and hnRNPA2B1 proteins as Alivec-binding proteins in VSMCs. Furthermore, male rats with AngII-driven hypertension showed increased aortic expression of Alivec and Acan. A putative human ortholog ALIVEC, was induced by AngII in human VSMCs, and this locus was found to harbor the quantitative trait loci affecting blood pressure. Together, these findings suggest that AngII-regulated lncRNA Alivec functions, at least in part, to mediate the AngII-induced chondrogenic transformation of VSMCs implicated in vascular dysfunction and hypertension.
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MESH Headings
- Aggrecans/genetics
- Aggrecans/metabolism
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta/metabolism
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Blood Pressure/genetics
- Chondrogenesis/drug effects
- Chondrogenesis/genetics
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics
- Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group A-B/metabolism
- Humans
- Male
- Muscle Contraction/genetics
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Osteogenesis/drug effects
- Osteogenesis/genetics
- Phenotype
- Quantitative Trait Loci/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- SOX9 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Tropomyosin/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Up-Regulation/genetics
- src-Family Kinases/metabolism
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Amaram Samara
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (V.A.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.R.); (V.S.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (R.G.); (L.L.)
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sadhan Das
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (V.A.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.R.); (V.S.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (R.G.); (L.L.)
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India
| | - Marpadga A. Reddy
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (V.A.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.R.); (V.S.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (R.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Vinay Singh Tanwar
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (V.A.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.R.); (V.S.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (R.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Kenneth Stapleton
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (V.A.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.R.); (V.S.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (R.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Amy Leung
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (V.A.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.R.); (V.S.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (R.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Maryam Abdollahi
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (V.A.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.R.); (V.S.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (R.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Rituparna Ganguly
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (V.A.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.R.); (V.S.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (R.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Linda Lanting
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (V.A.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.R.); (V.S.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (R.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (V.A.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.R.); (V.S.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (R.G.); (L.L.)
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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17
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Ortega MA, Fraile-Martínez O, García-Montero C, Álvarez-Mon MA, Chaowen C, Ruiz-Grande F, Pekarek L, Monserrat J, Asúnsolo A, García-Honduvilla N, Álvarez-Mon M, Bujan J. Understanding Chronic Venous Disease: A Critical Overview of Its Pathophysiology and Medical Management. J Clin Med 2021; 10:3239. [PMID: 34362022 PMCID: PMC8348673 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a multifactorial condition affecting an important percentage of the global population. It ranges from mild clinical signs, such as telangiectasias or reticular veins, to severe manifestations, such as venous ulcerations. However, varicose veins (VVs) are the most common manifestation of CVD. The explicit mechanisms of the disease are not well-understood. It seems that genetics and a plethora of environmental agents play an important role in the development and progression of CVD. The exposure to these factors leads to altered hemodynamics of the venous system, described as ambulatory venous hypertension, therefore promoting microcirculatory changes, inflammatory responses, hypoxia, venous wall remodeling, and epigenetic variations, even with important systemic implications. Thus, a proper clinical management of patients with CVD is essential to prevent potential harms of the disease, which also entails a significant loss of the quality of life in these individuals. Hence, the aim of the present review is to collect the current knowledge of CVD, including its epidemiology, etiology, and risk factors, but emphasizing the pathophysiology and medical care of these patients, including clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatments. Furthermore, future directions will also be covered in this work in order to provide potential fields to explore in the context of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martínez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Miguel A. Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Chen Chaowen
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
| | - Fernando Ruiz-Grande
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Príncipe de Asturias Hospital, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Leonel Pekarek
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Angel Asúnsolo
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Immune System Diseases—Rheumatology and Internal Medicine Service, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, (CIBEREHD), 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Julia Bujan
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
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18
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Seime T, Akbulut AC, Liljeqvist ML, Siika A, Jin H, Winski G, van Gorp RH, Karlöf E, Lengquist M, Buckler AJ, Kronqvist M, Waring OJ, Lindeman JHN, Biessen EAL, Maegdefessel L, Razuvaev A, Schurgers LJ, Hedin U, Matic L. Proteoglycan 4 Modulates Osteogenic Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation during Vascular Remodeling and Intimal Calcification. Cells 2021; 10:1276. [PMID: 34063989 PMCID: PMC8224064 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcification is a prominent feature of late-stage atherosclerosis, but the mechanisms driving this process are unclear. Using a biobank of carotid endarterectomies, we recently showed that Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) is a key molecular signature of calcified plaques, expressed in smooth muscle cell (SMC) rich regions. Here, we aimed to unravel the PRG4 role in vascular remodeling and intimal calcification. PRG4 expression in human carotid endarterectomies correlated with calcification assessed by preoperative computed tomographies. PRG4 localized to SMCs in early intimal thickening, while in advanced lesions it was found in the extracellular matrix, surrounding macro-calcifications. In experimental models, Prg4 was upregulated in SMCs from partially ligated ApoE-/- mice and rat carotid intimal hyperplasia, correlating with osteogenic markers and TGFb1. Furthermore, PRG4 was enriched in cells positive for chondrogenic marker SOX9 and around plaque calcifications in ApoE-/- mice on warfarin. In vitro, PRG4 was induced in SMCs by IFNg, TGFb1 and calcifying medium, while SMC markers were repressed under calcifying conditions. Silencing experiments showed that PRG4 expression was driven by transcription factors SMAD3 and SOX9. Functionally, the addition of recombinant human PRG4 increased ectopic SMC calcification, while arresting cell migration and proliferation. Mechanistically, it suppressed endogenous PRG4, SMAD3 and SOX9, and restored SMC markers' expression. PRG4 modulates SMC function and osteogenic phenotype during intimal remodeling and macro-calcification in response to TGFb1 signaling, SMAD3 and SOX9 activation. The effects of PRG4 on SMC phenotype and calcification suggest its role in atherosclerotic plaque stability, warranting further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Seime
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.S.); (M.L.L.); (A.S.); (H.J.); (E.K.); (M.L.); (A.J.B.); (M.K.); (A.R.); (U.H.)
| | - Asim Cengiz Akbulut
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (A.C.A.); (R.H.v.G.); (L.J.S.)
| | - Moritz Lindquist Liljeqvist
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.S.); (M.L.L.); (A.S.); (H.J.); (E.K.); (M.L.); (A.J.B.); (M.K.); (A.R.); (U.H.)
| | - Antti Siika
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.S.); (M.L.L.); (A.S.); (H.J.); (E.K.); (M.L.); (A.J.B.); (M.K.); (A.R.); (U.H.)
| | - Hong Jin
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.S.); (M.L.L.); (A.S.); (H.J.); (E.K.); (M.L.); (A.J.B.); (M.K.); (A.R.); (U.H.)
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; (G.W.); (L.M.)
| | - Greg Winski
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; (G.W.); (L.M.)
| | - Rick H. van Gorp
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (A.C.A.); (R.H.v.G.); (L.J.S.)
| | - Eva Karlöf
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.S.); (M.L.L.); (A.S.); (H.J.); (E.K.); (M.L.); (A.J.B.); (M.K.); (A.R.); (U.H.)
| | - Mariette Lengquist
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.S.); (M.L.L.); (A.S.); (H.J.); (E.K.); (M.L.); (A.J.B.); (M.K.); (A.R.); (U.H.)
| | - Andrew J. Buckler
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.S.); (M.L.L.); (A.S.); (H.J.); (E.K.); (M.L.); (A.J.B.); (M.K.); (A.R.); (U.H.)
| | - Malin Kronqvist
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.S.); (M.L.L.); (A.S.); (H.J.); (E.K.); (M.L.); (A.J.B.); (M.K.); (A.R.); (U.H.)
| | - Olivia J. Waring
- Department of Pathology, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (O.J.W.); (E.A.L.B.)
| | - Jan H. N. Lindeman
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Erik A. L. Biessen
- Department of Pathology, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (O.J.W.); (E.A.L.B.)
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; (G.W.); (L.M.)
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81679 Munich, Germany
| | - Anton Razuvaev
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.S.); (M.L.L.); (A.S.); (H.J.); (E.K.); (M.L.); (A.J.B.); (M.K.); (A.R.); (U.H.)
| | - Leon J. Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (A.C.A.); (R.H.v.G.); (L.J.S.)
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.S.); (M.L.L.); (A.S.); (H.J.); (E.K.); (M.L.); (A.J.B.); (M.K.); (A.R.); (U.H.)
| | - Ljubica Matic
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.S.); (M.L.L.); (A.S.); (H.J.); (E.K.); (M.L.); (A.J.B.); (M.K.); (A.R.); (U.H.)
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19
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Reinhold S, Blankesteijn WM, Foulquier S. The Interplay of WNT and PPARγ Signaling in Vascular Calcification. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122658. [PMID: 33322009 PMCID: PMC7763279 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC), the ectopic deposition of calcium phosphate crystals in the vessel wall, is one of the primary contributors to cardiovascular death. The pathology of VC is determined by vascular topography, pre-existing diseases, and our genetic heritage. VC evolves from inflammation, mediated by macrophages, and from the osteochondrogenic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in the atherosclerotic plaque. This pathologic transition partly resembles endochondral ossification, involving the chronologically ordered activation of the β-catenin-independent and -dependent Wingless and Int-1 (WNT) pathways and the termination of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) signal transduction. Several atherosclerotic plaque studies confirmed the differential activity of PPARγ and the WNT signaling pathways in VC. Notably, the actively regulated β-catenin-dependent and -independent WNT signals increase the osteochondrogenic transformation of VSMC through the up-regulation of the osteochondrogenic transcription factors SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). In addition, we have reported studies showing that WNT signaling pathways may be antagonized by PPARγ activation via the expression of different families of WNT inhibitors and through its direct interaction with β-catenin. In this review, we summarize the existing knowledge on WNT and PPARγ signaling and their interplay during the osteochondrogenic differentiation of VSMC in VC. Finally, we discuss knowledge gaps on this interplay and its possible clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Reinhold
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (W.M.B.)
| | - W. Matthijs Blankesteijn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (W.M.B.)
| | - Sébastien Foulquier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (W.M.B.)
- Department of Neurology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-433881409
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20
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Bruijn LE, van den Akker BEWM, van Rhijn CM, Hamming JF, Lindeman JHN. Extreme Diversity of the Human Vascular Mesenchymal Cell Landscape. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e017094. [PMID: 33190596 PMCID: PMC7763765 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.017094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Human mesenchymal cells are culprit factors in vascular (patho)physiology and are hallmarked by phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. At present, they are subdivided by classic umbrella terms, such as "fibroblasts," "myofibroblasts," "smooth muscle cells," "fibrocytes," "mesangial cells," and "pericytes." However, a discriminative marker-based subclassification has to date not been established. Methods and Results As a first effort toward a classification scheme, a systematic literature search was performed to identify the most commonly used phenotypical and functional protein markers for characterizing and classifying vascular mesenchymal cell subpopulation(s). We next applied immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence to inventory the expression pattern of identified markers on human aorta specimens representing early, intermediate, and end stages of human atherosclerotic disease. Included markers comprise markers for mesenchymal lineage (vimentin, FSP-1 [fibroblast-specific protein-1]/S100A4, cluster of differentiation (CD) 90/thymocyte differentiation antigen 1, and FAP [fibroblast activation protein]), contractile/non-contractile phenotype (α-smooth muscle actin, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, and nonmuscle myosin heavy chain), and auxiliary contractile markers (h1-Calponin, h-Caldesmon, Desmin, SM22α [smooth muscle protein 22α], non-muscle myosin heavy chain, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, Smoothelin-B, α-Tropomyosin, and Telokin) or adhesion proteins (Paxillin and Vinculin). Vimentin classified as the most inclusive lineage marker. Subset markers did not separate along classic lines of smooth muscle cell, myofibroblast, or fibroblast, but showed clear temporal and spatial diversity. Strong indications were found for presence of stem cells/Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal cell Transition and fibrocytes in specific aspects of the human atherosclerotic process. Conclusions This systematic evaluation shows a highly diverse and dynamic landscape for the human vascular mesenchymal cell population that is not captured by the classic nomenclature. Our observations stress the need for a consensus multiparameter subclass designation along the lines of the cluster of differentiation classification for leucocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Bruijn
- Division of Vascular SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Connie M. van Rhijn
- Division of Vascular SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Jaap F. Hamming
- Division of Vascular SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Jan H. N. Lindeman
- Division of Vascular SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
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21
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Gonzalez-Cotto M, Guo L, Karwan M, Sen SK, Barb J, Collado CJ, Elloumi F, Palmieri EM, Boelte K, Kolodgie FD, Finn AV, Biesecker LG, McVicar DW. TREML4 Promotes Inflammatory Programs in Human and Murine Macrophages and Alters Atherosclerosis Lesion Composition in the Apolipoprotein E Deficient Mouse. Front Immunol 2020; 11:397. [PMID: 32292401 PMCID: PMC7133789 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells-like 4 (TREML4) is a member of the TREM receptor family, known modulators of inflammatory responses. We have previously found that TREML4 expression positively correlates with human coronary arterial calcification (CAC). However, the role of TREML4 in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease remains incompletely defined. Since macrophages play a key role in inflammatory conditions, we investigated if activated macrophages selectively expressed TREML4 and found that carriage of either one of the eQTL SNP's previously associated with increased TREML4 expression conferred higher expression in human inflammatory macrophages (M1) compared to alternatively activated macrophages (M2). Furthermore, we found that TREML4 expression in human M1 dysregulated several inflammatory pathways related to leukocyte activation, apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation. Similarly, murine M1 expressed substantial levels of Treml4, as did oxLDL treated macrophages. Transcriptome analysis confirmed that murine Treml4 controls the expression of genes related to inflammation and lipid regulation pathways, suggesting a possible role in atherosclerosis. Analysis of Apoe-/-/Treml4-/- mice showed reduced plaque burden and lesion complexity as indicated by decreased stage scores, macrophage content and collagen deposition. Finally, transcriptome analysis of oxLDL-loaded murine macrophages showed that Treml4 represses a specific set of genes related to carbohydrate, ion and amino acid membrane transport. Metabolomic analysis confirmed that Treml4 deficiency may promote a beneficial relationship between iron homeostasis and glucose metabolism. Together, our results suggest that Treml4 plays a role in the development of cardiovascular disease, as indicated by Treml4-dependent dysregulation of macrophage inflammatory pathways, macrophage metabolism and promotion of vulnerability features in advanced lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieli Gonzalez-Cotto
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Liang Guo
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Megan Karwan
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Shurjo K. Sen
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Jennifer Barb
- Mathematical and Statistical Computing Laboratory, Center for Information Technology (CIT), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Fathi Elloumi
- Center for Cancer Research Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Erika M. Palmieri
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Kimberly Boelte
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Frank D. Kolodgie
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Aloke V. Finn
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Leslie G. Biesecker
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Daniel W. McVicar
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, United States
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