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Tejedor S, Wågberg M, Correia C, Åvall K, Hölttä M, Hultin L, Lerche M, Davies N, Bergenhem N, Snijder A, Marlow T, Dönnes P, Fritsche-Danielson R, Synnergren J, Jennbacken K, Hansson K. The Combination of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A) and Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 (FGF1) Modified mRNA Improves Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice: An Ex Vivo and In Vivo Investigation. Cells 2024; 13:414. [PMID: 38474378 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) pose a significant health risk in diabetic patients, with insufficient revascularization during wound healing being the primary cause. This study aimed to assess microvessel sprouting and wound healing capabilities using vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) and a modified fibroblast growth factor (FGF1). METHODS An ex vivo aortic ring rodent model and an in vivo wound healing model in diabetic mice were employed to evaluate the microvessel sprouting and wound healing capabilities of VEGF-A and a modified FGF1 both as monotherapies and in combination. RESULTS The combination of VEGF-A and FGF1 demonstrated increased vascular sprouting in the ex vivo mouse aortic ring model, and topical administration of a combination of VEGF-A and FGF1 mRNAs formulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) in mouse skin wounds promoted faster wound closure and increased neovascularization seven days post-surgical wound creation. RNA-sequencing analysis of skin samples at day three post-wound creation revealed a strong transcriptional response of the wound healing process, with the combined treatment showing significant enrichment of genes linked to skin growth. CONCLUSION f-LNPs encapsulating VEGF-A and FGF1 mRNAs present a promising approach to improving the scarring process in DFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Tejedor
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, 541 28 Skövde, Sweden
| | - Maria Wågberg
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cláudia Correia
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Åvall
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikko Hölttä
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Leif Hultin
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical and Pharmacological Safety Science, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Lerche
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Science, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nigel Davies
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Science, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nils Bergenhem
- Alliance Management, Business Development and Licensing, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Arjan Snijder
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tom Marlow
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pierre Dönnes
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, 541 28 Skövde, Sweden
- SciCross AB, 541 35 Skövde, Sweden
| | - Regina Fritsche-Danielson
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jane Synnergren
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, 541 28 Skövde, Sweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Jennbacken
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kenny Hansson
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
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2
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Bartesaghi S, Wallenius K, Hovdal D, Liljeblad M, Wallin S, Dekker N, Barlind L, Davies N, Seeliger F, Winzell MS, Patel S, Theisen M, Brito L, Bergenhem N, Andersson S, Peng XR. Subcutaneous delivery of FGF21 mRNA therapy reverses obesity, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis in diet-induced obese mice. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2022; 28:500-513. [PMID: 35592498 PMCID: PMC9079007 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a promising therapeutic agent for treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We show that therapeutic levels of FGF21 were achieved following subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of mRNA encoding human FGF21 proteins. The efficacy of mRNA was assessed following 2-weeks repeated s.c. dosing in diet-induced obese (DIO), mice which resulted in marked decreases in body weight, plasma insulin levels, and hepatic steatosis. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modelling of several studies in both lean and DIO mice showed that mRNA encoding human proteins provided improved therapeutic coverage over recombinant dosed proteins in vivo. This study is the first example of s.c. mRNA therapy showing pre-clinical efficacy in a disease-relevant model, thus, showing the potential for this modality in the treatment of chronic diseases, including T2D and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bartesaghi
- Metabolism, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-43183, Sweden
| | - Kristina Wallenius
- Metabolism, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-43183, Sweden
| | - Daniel Hovdal
- Metabolism, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-43183, Sweden
| | - Mathias Liljeblad
- Metabolism, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-43183, Sweden
| | - Simonetta Wallin
- Metabolism, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-43183, Sweden
| | - Niek Dekker
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louise Barlind
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nigel Davies
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Science, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frank Seeliger
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Sörhede Winzell
- Metabolism, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-43183, Sweden
| | - Sima Patel
- Moderna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matt Theisen
- Moderna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Luis Brito
- Moderna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nils Bergenhem
- Business Development, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shalini Andersson
- Oligonucleotide Discovery, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xiao-Rong Peng
- Metabolism, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-43183, Sweden
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3
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Collén
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Nils Bergenhem
- Alliance Management, Business Development, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leif Carlsson
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kenneth R Chien
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Li-Ming Gan
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Regina Fritsche-Danielson
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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4
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Davies N, Hovdal D, Edmunds N, Nordberg P, Dahlén A, Dabkowska A, Arteta MY, Radulescu A, Kjellman T, Höijer A, Seeliger F, Holmedal E, Andihn E, Bergenhem N, Sandinge AS, Johansson C, Hultin L, Johansson M, Lindqvist J, Björsson L, Jing Y, Bartesaghi S, Lindfors L, Andersson S. Functionalized lipid nanoparticles for subcutaneous administration of mRNA to achieve systemic exposures of a therapeutic protein. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2021; 24:369-384. [PMID: 33868782 PMCID: PMC8039535 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the most clinically advanced delivery system for RNA-based drugs but have predominantly been investigated for intravenous and intramuscular administration. Subcutaneous administration opens the possibility of patient self-administration and hence long-term chronic treatment that could enable messenger RNA (mRNA) to be used as a novel modality for protein replacement or regenerative therapies. In this study, we show that subcutaneous administration of mRNA formulated within LNPs can result in measurable plasma exposure of a secreted protein. However, subcutaneous administration of mRNA formulated within LNPs was observed to be associated with dose-limiting inflammatory responses. To overcome this limitation, we investigated the concept of incorporating aliphatic ester prodrugs of anti-inflammatory steroids within LNPs, i.e., functionalized LNPs to suppress the inflammatory response. We show that the effectiveness of this approach depends on the alkyl chain length of the ester prodrug, which determines its retention at the site of administration. An unexpected additional benefit to this approach is the prolongation observed in the duration of protein expression. Our results demonstrate that subcutaneous administration of mRNA formulated in functionalized LNPs is a viable approach to achieving systemic levels of therapeutic proteins, which has the added benefits of being amenable to self-administration when chronic treatment is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Davies
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, 43183 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Hovdal
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 43183 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nicholas Edmunds
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge SG8 6HB, UK
| | - Peter Nordberg
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 43183 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Dahlén
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 43183 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Aurel Radulescu
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Tomas Kjellman
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, 43183 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andreas Höijer
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, 43183 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frank Seeliger
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, 43183 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elin Holmedal
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, 43183 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Andihn
- Global Project and Portfolio Management, AstraZeneca, 43183 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nils Bergenhem
- Alliance Management, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA 02451, USA
| | - Ann-Sofie Sandinge
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 43183 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Camilla Johansson
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, 43183 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Leif Hultin
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, 43183 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marie Johansson
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, 43183 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johnny Lindqvist
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, 43183 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liselotte Björsson
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, 43183 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yujia Jing
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, 43183 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefano Bartesaghi
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 43183 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lennart Lindfors
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, 43183 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shalini Andersson
- Oligonucleotide Discovery, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 43183 Gothenburg, Sweden
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5
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Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is increasing rapidly in most parts of the world and effective therapeutic drugs are urgently needed. The discovery of leptin in 1994 initiated a new understanding of adipose tissue function, and adipose tissue is now known to not only store and release fatty acids, but also to produce a wealth of factors that have an impact on the regulation of body weight and blood glucose homeostasis. Also, adipocytes express proteins that engage signalling pathways playing important roles in fuel substrate and energy metabolism. These proteins constitute a diverse array of adipose target candidates for the development of drugs to treat obesity. Some of these potential targets have been validated and are now in drug development stages, providing hope that the current obesity epidemic can be addressed by effective drug treatments in the near future.
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6
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Abstract
Obesity is now recognized as a rapidly increasing worldwide threat to health, largely as a result of causing diabetes. Thus, considerable efforts are underway in the pharmaceutical industry to find drugs to treat this condition. Target validation in various academic and industrial laboratories has revealed a number of potential molecular targets in fat cells or adipocytes. By definition, obesity is too much fat, and we here review efforts to treat obesity and, by proxy, diabetes by modulating the metabolic state of adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Pilch
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, 80 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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7
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Mahboubi K, Witman-Jones T, Adamus JE, Letsinger JT, Whitehouse D, Moorman AR, Sawicki D, Bergenhem N, Ross SA. Triglyceride modulation by acifran analogs: activity towards the niacin high and low affinity G protein-coupled receptors HM74A and HM74. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 340:482-90. [PMID: 16389067 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2005] [Accepted: 12/04/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Niacin is known to exert profound beneficial effects on cholesterol levels in humans, although its use is somewhat hampered by the gram quantities necessary to exert effects and the prevalence of compliance-limiting skin flushing side effects that occur. Recently, two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) for niacin were identified and characterized as high (HM74A; GPR109A) and low (HM74; GPR109B) affinity receptors based on the binding affinities of niacin. These receptors also bind acifran (AY-25,712), which is known to modulate lipid levels like niacin, with similar affinities. Twelve analogs of acifran were chemically synthesized. One analogue demonstrated a dose-dependent decrease in serum triglycerides in rats within 3h of oral administration. Next, the acifran analogs were assessed for their activity towards the high and low affinity niacin receptors expressed in CHO-K1 cells. Constructs expressing HM74A or HM74 were stably transfected into CHO-K1 cells and shown to elicit phosphorylation of p42 and p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK1/ERK2) phosphorylation upon addition of niacin or acifran. The presence of functionally coupled GPCRs was further confirmed using Pertussis toxin, which completely inhibited the ability of either niacin or acifran to elicit phospho-ERK1/ERK2. The EC(50) of p-ERK1/ERK2 for niacin for the high and low affinity receptors was 47nM and indeterminate (i.e., >100microM), respectively, while the EC(50) for acifran was 160 and 316nM, respectively. Two chemical analogs of acifran demonstrated robust phosphorylation of ERK1/ERK2. Collectively, these data suggest that the synthesis of acifran analogs may be a suitable path for developing improved HM74A agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Mahboubi
- The Institute for Diabetes Discovery, 23 Business Park Drive, Branford, CT 06405, USA
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8
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Zhang C, Jin L, Mondie B, Mitchell SS, Castelhano AL, Cai W, Bergenhem N. Leporin B: a novel hexokinase II gene inducing agent from an unidentified fungus. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:1433-5. [PMID: 12668006 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00153-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Leporin B (1), a novel demethylated analogue of leporin A (2), was isolated from a taxonomically unidentified fungal strain as part of an effort to discover compounds with the ability to increase expression levels of the enzyme hexokinase II. The structure was determined by spectral methods, including 1D and 2D NMR, and HRMS. The relative stereochemistry was assigned by NOESY experiments and coupling constants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Zhang
- OSI Pharmaceuticals Inc., 1 Bioscience Park Drive, NY 11735, Farmingdale, USA
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9
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Abstract
Experimental arterial thrombus formation is reduced during intravenous magnesium infusion. It is well documented that magnesium reduces platelet reactivity, but the antithrombotic effect could also originate from anticoagulant properties or increased fibrinolysis. We therefore evaluated the effect of intravenous magnesium on prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F1 + 2), thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) concentrations, and fibrin degradation products (FbDP) in a randomized, cross-over study in 14 healthy volunteers. Citrated blood samples were collected at 0, 30, and 180 min. An additional in vitro study on magnesium's effect on the activity of different coagulation factors was carried out. A transient increase was seen in F1 + 2 and TAT after 30 min but without any significant difference between the placebo and magnesium period. FbDP did not change significantly between the two treatments. Increasing concentrations of magnesium dose-dependently decreased binding of activated factor X to activated factor VII (FVIIa), but the decrease was slight and probably without any significance for coagulation at the concentrations tested. No effect was observed on the activity of FVIIa or activated factor VIII. In conclusion, no significant differences were observed on markers of coagulation or fibrinolytic activity during intravenous magnesium infusion. These results indicate that the observed antithrombotic effect of magnesium is more likely to arise from the previously observed platelet inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Ravn
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skejby Sygehus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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10
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Persson M, Carlsson U, Bergenhem N. GroEL provides a folding pathway with lower apparent activation energy compared to spontaneous refolding of human carbonic anhydrase II. FEBS Lett 1997; 411:43-7. [PMID: 9247139 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(97)00663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of the refolding of the enzyme, human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II), at different temperatures, together with the Escherichia coli chaperonin GroEL, has been studied. The Arrhenius plots for the spontaneous, GroEL-assisted, and GroEL/ES-assisted refolding of HCA II show that the apparent activation energy (E(a)) is lower in the presence of the chaperonin GroEL alone than for the spontaneous reaction, whereas the apparent activation energy for the GroEL/ES-assisted reaction is almost the same as for the spontaneous reaction (85, 46, and 72 kJ/mol, for the spontaneous, GroEL, and GroEL/ES-assisted reactions, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Persson
- IFM/Department of Chemistry, Linköping University, Sweden
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11
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Abstract
There are three gene families that encode zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of CO2. The encoded enzymes are termed carbonic anhydrases (CAs). The CA isozymes have been purified from representatives of all types of organisms. Most CAs are strongly inhibited by aromatic sulfonamides. Several chromatographic and electrophoretic methods have been devised to determine binding constants for sulfonamides to CAs, and these compounds have been extensively used for, often single-step, affinity chromatographic separation of CAs from complex matrixes. The purification of different CA isozymes from different organisms is reviewed, as are methods for detection of CAs during chromatography and electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bergenhem
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Abn Arbor 48109-2007, USA
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12
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Persson M, Aronsson G, Bergenhem N, Freskgård PO, Jonsson BH, Surin BP, Spangfort MD, Carlsson U. GroEL/ES-mediated refolding of human carbonic anhydrase II: role of N-terminal helices as recognition motifs for GroEL. Biochim Biophys Acta 1995; 1247:195-200. [PMID: 7696308 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(94)00227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The presence of GroEL/ES during the refolding of human carbonic anhydrase II (pseudo-wild type) was found to increase the yield of active enzyme from 65 to 100%. This chaperone action on the enzyme could be obtained by adding GroEL alone, and the time-course in that case was only moderately slower than the spontaneous process. Truncated forms of carbonic anhydrase, in which N-terminal helices were removed, also served as protein substrates for GroEL/ES. This demonstrates that N-terminally located helices are not obligatory as recognition motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Persson
- IFM-Department of Chemistry, Linköping University, Sweden
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13
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Freskgård PO, Bergenhem N, Jonsson BH, Svensson M, Carlsson U. Isomerase and chaperone activity of prolyl isomerase in the folding of carbonic anhydrase. Science 1992; 258:466-8. [PMID: 1357751 DOI: 10.1126/science.1357751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Several proteins have been discovered that either catalyze slow protein-folding reactions or assist folding in the cell. Prolyl isomerase, which has been shown to accelerate rate-limiting cis-trans peptidyl-proline isomerization steps in the folding pathway, can also participate in the protein-folding process as a chaperone. This function is exerted on an early folding intermediate of carbonic anhydrase, which is thereby prevented from aggregating, whereas the isomerase activity is performed later in the folding process.
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Affiliation(s)
- P O Freskgård
- Institutionen för Fysik och Mätteknik/Department of Chemistry, Linköping University, Sweden
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14
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Mårtensson LG, Jonsson BH, Andersson M, Kihlgren A, Bergenhem N, Carlsson U. Role of an evolutionarily invariant serine for the stability of human carbonic anhydrase II. Biochim Biophys Acta 1992; 1118:179-86. [PMID: 1730037 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(92)90148-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There are several evolutionarily invariant amino acids in the primary structures of all known isoenzymes of carbonic anhydrase. One of these is Ser-29 which is situated in the peripheral part of the active site interacting by hydrogen bonds with amino acids located nearby in the tertiary structure. Furthermore, the neighbourhood of Ser-29, composed of Gln-28, Pro-30, Tyr-194, Ser-197 and Trp-209, has a totally invariant structure. The structural role of Ser-29 was investigated by site-directed mutagenesis. The stability of two enzyme mutants, where Ser-29 was replaced by alanine and cysteine, towards denaturation by guanidine-HCl was studied. Changing Ser-29 to Ala resulted in a destabilization by 2.6 kcal/mol, corresponding to the loss of 2-3 hydrogen bonds. Interestingly, Ser-29 is within hydrogen bond distance to Tyr-194, Ser-197 and Trp-209 in the tertiary structure. Therefore, rupture of these interactions caused by the Ser-29----Ala substitution could explain the observed destabilization of this enzyme variant. Substituting cysteine for Ser-29 gives rise to a drastic decrease in the stability of the protein (change in midpoint concentration of denaturation from 0.96 M to less than 0.1 M guanidine-HCl) despite the minor structural change (O----S atom). This destabilization corresponds to approx. 7-8 kcal/mol and cannot be explained by changes in hydrogen bond pattern only, but must also include unfavourable conformational changes to avoid van der Waals collisions originating from the somewhat larger thiol group.
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15
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Borén K, Larsson M, Bergenhem N, Carlsson U. Rapid ion-exchange chromatography for preparative separation of proteins. IV. Application to bovine carbonic anhydrase III from skeletal muscle. J Chromatogr A 1991; 588:139-45. [PMID: 1818080 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(91)85015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bovine muscle carbonic anhydrase III was purified to homogeneity by the strategy of rapid ion-exchange chromatography. The ionic exchanger used was CM-cellulose, and this is the first application of this technique on a cation exchanger. Nitrogen gas was used to pressurize the chromatographic column to accelerate the elution. The results show that proteins with high isoelectric points can also be purified in this way. The procedure is very time-saving compared with conventional chromatography, reducing the elution time five- to ten-fold. The proteins are in addition protected against oxidation by air.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Borén
- IFM/Department of Chemistry, Linköping University, Sweden
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16
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Abstract
1. A partial primary structure (197 residues) of carbonic anhydrase from tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvieri) erythrocytes has been determined. 2. The amino acid sequence of the enzyme is identical to those of human cytoplasmic carbonic anhydrases (CA I-III) by as much as 52-60%. 3. It is shown that tiger shark CA most closely resembles the CA II isoenzyme of amniotes. 4. Isoelectric focusing and inhibition studies on carbonic anhydrase from dogfish (Squalus acanthias) blood and muscle indicate the presence of the same isoenzyme in shark blood and muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bergenhem
- IFM/Department of Chemistry, Linköping University, Sweden
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17
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Abstract
Conditions for reactivation of guanidine-HCl-denatured bovine Co(II)-carbonic anhydrase II are given. The renaturation is accompanied by recovery of the native Co(II)-spectrum of the enzyme. After studying the kinetics of the renaturation process, the metal ion involvement in the refolding pathway can be summarized as follows: (1) Formation of an inactive Co(II)-intermediate with the metal ion firmly bound. No native Co(II)-spectrum is observed in this state, probably due to octahedral coordination of the metal ion in this intermediate. (2) Formation of an inactive Co(II)-intermediate with a native Co(II)-spectrum. The final tetrahedral coordination of the metal ion seems to have been formed in this state. (3) Formation of the active conformation of the enzyme. A functioning active-site is formed after some rearrangements of the polypeptide chain. This isomerisation step does not need to be preceded by formation of the intermediate with a native Co(II)-spectrum. Coordination of Co2+ in a native-like manner is, however, a prerequisite for enzymic activity. It is tentatively suggested that the metal ion is involved in stabilizing a nucleation structure formed at the bottom of the active centre. This probably occurs through binding of Co2+ to some or all of its histidyl ligands in this region after an early structuration of the metal ion binding site. The mechanisms of Co2+ appear to be similar for the refolding enzyme and the native apoenzyme, inferring that the binding site formed as a result of the nucleation process probably has the same structure as in the native conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bergenhem
- IFM-Department of Chemistry, Linköping University, Sweden
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18
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Abstract
Kinetic studies of the folding of carbonic anhydrase have indicated the occurrence of various conformational intermediates. Human carbonic anhydrase I contains a single cysteine residue, Cys-212, which in the native state is unavailable for alkylation. In the unfolded state, it can be specifically modified with iodoacetate. In this study the accessibility of Cys-212 in human carbonic anhydrase I to iodo[2-14C]acetate during the refolding process has been investigated. It is shown that Cys-212 is hidden to the alkylating agent as soon as the refolding is initiated. Since Cys-212 is located in the extensive beta-structure passing through the enzyme, it appears that the Cys-containing beta-strand is part of a rapidly formed nucleation center created during the folding process. This beta-strand (No. 7) together with its neighboring beta-strand (No. 6) constitute the most hydrophobic regions of the enzyme. Because hydrophobic contacts are considered to be important in predicting nucleation sites, these beta-strands probably partake in the formation of the nucleation center. These beta-strands are also partly involved in the bottom region of the active site cavity, indicating that this region is formed during the initial folding events. As a result of this study it was also observed that 2-mercaptoethanol is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme with a K1 = 26 microM at pH 8.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bergenhem
- IFM-Department of Chemistry, Linköping University, Sweden
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19
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Bergenhem N, Carlsson U, Ellow LE, Rosén S. Rapid ion-exchange chromatography for preparative separation of proteins. III. Application to purification of bovine factor X and prothrombin. J Chromatogr A 1987; 403:383-7. [PMID: 2445769 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)96382-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Bergenhem
- IFM/Department of Chemistry, Linköping University, Sweden
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20
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Bergenhem N, Carlsson U, Strid L. The existence of glutathione and cysteine disulfide-linked to erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase from tiger shark. Biochim Biophys Acta 1986; 871:55-60. [PMID: 3083866 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(86)90132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study it is shown that the higher molecular weight previously reported for tiger shark carbonic anhydrase (carbonate hydro-lyase, EC 4.2.1.1) compared to other carbonic anhydrases is decreased to a normal value around 30 000 after disulfide reduction of the enzyme. This difference in molecular weight is at least partly due to the existence of disulfide-linked glutathione and cysteine residues. Approx. 3 mol glutathione and a similar amount of cysteine are shown to be bound per mol enzyme. The presence of these factors also has effects on the enzyme activity.
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22
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Bergenhem N, Carlsson U, Klasson K. Rapid ion-exchange chromatography for preparative separation of proteins. Application to porcine and bovine carbonic anhydrases. J Chromatogr A 1985; 319:59-65. [PMID: 3919039 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)90539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A method of rapid ion-exchange chromatography of DEAE-cellulose for preparative purposes is described. Basically, the flow-rate is increased by applying an air pressure on the column. By this technique it is possible to purify gram quantities of protein in 2-4 h with acceptable resolution. In preparations of bovine and porcine carbonic anhydrases the elution times were reduced by a factor of about ten compared to those of conventional methods. The enzymes purified in this way showed a high degree of homogeneity. The method should be generally applicable in protein purification, and especially advantageous in purification of unstable proteins where time-consuming separations often give rise to low yields of active material.
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Abstract
A modification of affinity electrophoresis for preparative purposes is described. This method has been applied to the purification of human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrases B and C. During conventional affinity chromatography some hemoglobin contamination occurs. By introduction of an electrophoretic purification step after the immobilization of carbonic anhydrase to the affinity gel, the hemoglobin impurity is reduced about eight and two times in the preparations of the B and C enzymes, respectively, compared to the enzymes purified by affinity chromatography.
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Bergenhem N, Carlsson U, Lind G, Astrand IM. Denaturation and reactivation of bovine and human cobalt--carbonic anhydrases in guanidine hydrochloride. Acta Chem Scand B 1983; 37:244-6. [PMID: 6414204 DOI: 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.37b-0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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