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Sniezek Carney O, Harris KW, Wohlfarter Y, Lee K, Butschek G, Anzmann A, Claypool SM, Hamacher-Brady A, Keller M, Vernon HJ. Stem cell models of TAFAZZIN deficiency reveal novel tissue-specific pathologies in Barth Syndrome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.28.591534. [PMID: 38746168 PMCID: PMC11092433 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.28.591534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a rare mitochondrial disease caused by pathogenic variants in the gene TAFAZZIN, which leads to abnormal cardiolipin (CL) metabolism on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Although TAFAZZIN is ubiquitously expressed, BTHS involves a complex combination of tissue specific phenotypes including cardiomyopathy, neutropenia, skeletal myopathy, and growth delays, with a relatively minimal neurological burden. To understand both the developmental and functional effects of TAZ-deficiency in different tissues, we generated isogenic TAZ knockout (TAZ- KO) and WT cardiomyocytes (CMs) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) from CRISPR-edited induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In TAZ-KO CMs we discovered evidence of dysregulated mitophagy including dysmorphic mitochondria and mitochondrial cristae, differential expression of key autophagy-associated genes, and an inability of TAZ-deficient CMs to properly initiate stress-induced mitophagy. In TAZ-deficient NPCs we identified novel phenotypes including a reduction in CIV abundance and CIV activity in the CIII2&CIV2 intermediate complex. Interestingly, while CL acyl chain manipulation was unable to alter mitophagy defects in TAZ-KO CMs, we found that linoleic acid or oleic acid supplementation was able to partially restore CIV abundance in TAZ-deficient NPCs. Taken together, our results have implications for understanding the tissue-specific pathology of BTHS and potential for tissue-specific therapeutic targeting. Moreover, our results highlight an emerging role for mitophagy in the cardiac pathophysiology of BTHS and reveal a potential neuron-specific bioenergetic phenotype.
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Harber KJ, Neele AE, van Roomen CP, Gijbels MJ, Beckers L, Toom MD, Schomakers BV, Heister DA, Willemsen L, Griffith GR, de Goede KE, van Dierendonck XA, Reiche ME, Poli A, L-H Mogensen F, Michelucci A, Verberk SG, de Vries H, van Weeghel M, Van den Bossche J, de Winther MP. Targeting the ACOD1-itaconate axis stabilizes atherosclerotic plaques. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103054. [PMID: 38309122 PMCID: PMC10848031 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory macrophages are key drivers of atherosclerosis that can induce rupture-prone vulnerable plaques. Skewing the plaque macrophage population towards a more protective phenotype and reducing the occurrence of clinical events is thought to be a promising method of treating atherosclerotic patients. In the current study, we investigate the immunomodulatory properties of itaconate, an immunometabolite derived from the TCA cycle intermediate cis-aconitate and synthesised by the enzyme Aconitate Decarboxylase 1 (ACOD1, also known as IRG1), in the context of atherosclerosis. Ldlr-/- atherogenic mice transplanted with Acod1-/- bone marrow displayed a more stable plaque phenotype with smaller necrotic cores and showed increased recruitment of monocytes to the vessel intima. Macrophages from Acod1-/- mice contained more lipids whilst also displaying reduced induction of apoptosis. Using multi-omics approaches, we identify a metabolic shift towards purine metabolism, in addition to an altered glycolytic flux towards production of glycerol for triglyceride synthesis. Overall, our data highlight the potential of therapeutically blocking ACOD1 with the aim of stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl J Harber
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annette E Neele
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
| | - Cindy Paa van Roomen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marion Jj Gijbels
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, CARIM, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht UMC, University of Maastricht, 6229 HX, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Linda Beckers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Myrthe den Toom
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bauke V Schomakers
- Department of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daan Af Heister
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa Willemsen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
| | - Guillermo R Griffith
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kyra E de Goede
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
| | - Xanthe Amh van Dierendonck
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
| | - Myrthe E Reiche
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aurélie Poli
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 6A Rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Frida L-H Mogensen
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 6A Rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Alessandro Michelucci
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 6A Rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Sanne Gs Verberk
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Helga de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Department of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Van den Bossche
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands.
| | - Menno Pj de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands.
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3
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Janz A, Walz K, Cirnu A, Surjanto J, Urlaub D, Leskien M, Kohlhaas M, Nickel A, Brand T, Nose N, Wörsdörfer P, Wagner N, Higuchi T, Maack C, Dudek J, Lorenz K, Klopocki E, Ergün S, Duff HJ, Gerull B. Mutations in DNAJC19 cause altered mitochondrial structure and increased mitochondrial respiration in human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Mol Metab 2024; 79:101859. [PMID: 38142971 PMCID: PMC10792641 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dilated cardiomyopathy with ataxia (DCMA) is an autosomal recessive disorder arising from truncating mutations in DNAJC19, which encodes an inner mitochondrial membrane protein. Clinical features include an early onset, often life-threatening, cardiomyopathy associated with other metabolic features. Here, we aim to understand the metabolic and pathophysiological mechanisms of mutant DNAJC19 for the development of cardiomyopathy. METHODS We generated induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) of two affected siblings with DCMA and a gene-edited truncation variant (tv) of DNAJC19 which all lack the conserved DnaJ interaction domain. The mutant iPSC-CMs and their respective control cells were subjected to various analyses, including assessments of morphology, metabolic function, and physiological consequences such as Ca2+ kinetics, contractility, and arrhythmic potential. Validation of respiration analysis was done in a gene-edited HeLa cell line (DNAJC19tvHeLa). RESULTS Structural analyses revealed mitochondrial fragmentation and abnormal cristae formation associated with an overall reduced mitochondrial protein expression in mutant iPSC-CMs. Morphological alterations were associated with higher oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) in all three mutant iPSC-CMs, indicating higher electron transport chain activity to meet cellular ATP demands. Additionally, increased extracellular acidification rates suggested an increase in overall metabolic flux, while radioactive tracer uptake studies revealed decreased fatty acid uptake and utilization of glucose. Mutant iPSC-CMs also showed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an elevated mitochondrial membrane potential. Increased mitochondrial respiration with pyruvate and malate as substrates was observed in mutant DNAJC19tv HeLa cells in addition to an upregulation of respiratory chain complexes, while cellular ATP-levels remain the same. Moreover, mitochondrial alterations were associated with increased beating frequencies, elevated diastolic Ca2+ concentrations, reduced sarcomere shortening and an increased beat-to-beat rate variability in mutant cell lines in response to β-adrenergic stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Loss of the DnaJ domain disturbs cardiac mitochondrial structure with abnormal cristae formation and leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting that DNAJC19 plays an essential role in mitochondrial morphogenesis and biogenesis. Moreover, increased mitochondrial respiration, altered substrate utilization, increased ROS production and abnormal Ca2+ kinetics provide insights into the pathogenesis of DCMA-related cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Janz
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Walz
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Cirnu
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Surjanto
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Urlaub
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Leskien
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Kohlhaas
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Department of Translational Research, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Nickel
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Department of Translational Research, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Theresa Brand
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Naoko Nose
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Wörsdörfer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Wagner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Takahiro Higuchi
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Department of Translational Research, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Dudek
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Department of Translational Research, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Lorenz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Eva Klopocki
- Institute for Human Genetics, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Henry J Duff
- Department of Cardiac Sciences and Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Brenda Gerull
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Cardiac Sciences and Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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4
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van Strien J, Evers F, Lutikurti M, Berendsen SL, Garanto A, van Gemert GJ, Cabrera-Orefice A, Rodenburg RJ, Brandt U, Kooij TWA, Huynen MA. Comparative Clustering (CompaCt) of eukaryote complexomes identifies novel interactions and sheds light on protein complex evolution. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011090. [PMID: 37549177 PMCID: PMC10434966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Complexome profiling allows large-scale, untargeted, and comprehensive characterization of protein complexes in a biological sample using a combined approach of separating intact protein complexes e.g., by native gel electrophoresis, followed by mass spectrometric analysis of the proteins in the resulting fractions. Over the last decade, its application has resulted in a large collection of complexome profiling datasets. While computational methods have been developed for the analysis of individual datasets, methods for large-scale comparative analysis of complexomes from multiple species are lacking. Here, we present Comparative Clustering (CompaCt), that performs fully automated integrative analysis of complexome profiling data from multiple species, enabling systematic characterization and comparison of complexomes. CompaCt implements a novel method for leveraging orthology in comparative analysis to allow systematic identification of conserved as well as taxon-specific elements of the analyzed complexomes. We applied this method to a collection of 53 complexome profiles spanning the major branches of the eukaryotes. We demonstrate the ability of CompaCt to robustly identify the composition of protein complexes, and show that integrated analysis of multiple datasets improves characterization of complexes from specific complexome profiles when compared to separate analyses. We identified novel candidate interactors and complexes in a number of species from previously analyzed datasets, like the emp24, the V-ATPase and mitochondrial ATP synthase complexes. Lastly, we demonstrate the utility of CompaCt for the automated large-scale characterization of the complexome of the mosquito Anopheles stephensi shedding light on the evolution of metazoan protein complexes. CompaCt is available from https://github.com/cmbi/compact-bio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joeri van Strien
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Felix Evers
- Medical Microbiology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Madhurya Lutikurti
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Stijn L. Berendsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Garanto
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (RCMM), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan van Gemert
- Medical Microbiology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alfredo Cabrera-Orefice
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Richard J. Rodenburg
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (RCMM), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Brandt
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (RCMM), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Taco W. A. Kooij
- Medical Microbiology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn A. Huynen
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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5
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Lee G, Lee SM, Kim HU. A contribution of metabolic engineering to addressing medical problems: Metabolic flux analysis. Metab Eng 2023; 77:283-293. [PMID: 37075858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic engineering has served as a systematic discipline for industrial biotechnology as it has offered systematic tools and methods for strain development and bioprocess optimization. Because these metabolic engineering tools and methods are concerned with the biological network of a cell with emphasis on metabolic network, they have also been applied to a range of medical problems where better understanding of metabolism has also been perceived to be important. Metabolic flux analysis (MFA) is a unique systematic approach initially developed in the metabolic engineering community, and has proved its usefulness and potential when addressing a range of medical problems. In this regard, this review discusses the contribution of MFA to addressing medical problems. For this, we i) provide overview of the milestones of MFA, ii) define two main branches of MFA, namely constraint-based reconstruction and analysis (COBRA) and isotope-based MFA (iMFA), and iii) present successful examples of their medical applications, including characterizing the metabolism of diseased cells and pathogens, and identifying effective drug targets. Finally, synergistic interactions between metabolic engineering and biomedical sciences are discussed with respect to MFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- GaRyoung Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Mi Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; BioProcess Engineering Research Center and BioInformatics Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Schäfer JA, Sutandy FXR, Münch C. Omics-based approaches for the systematic profiling of mitochondrial biology. Mol Cell 2023; 83:911-926. [PMID: 36931258 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for cellular functions such as metabolism and apoptosis. They dynamically adapt to the changing environmental demands by adjusting their protein, nucleic acid, metabolite, and lipid contents. In addition, the mitochondrial components are modulated on different levels in response to changes, including abundance, activity, and interaction. A wide range of omics-based approaches has been developed to be able to explore mitochondrial adaptation and how mitochondrial function is compromised in disease contexts. Here, we provide an overview of the omics methods that allow us to systematically investigate the different aspects of mitochondrial biology. In addition, we show examples of how these methods have provided new biological insights. The emerging use of these toolboxes provides a more comprehensive understanding of the processes underlying mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Adriana Schäfer
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Haus 75, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - F X Reymond Sutandy
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Haus 75, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Münch
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Haus 75, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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7
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Hevler JF, Albanese P, Cabrera-Orefice A, Potter A, Jankevics A, Misic J, Scheltema RA, Brandt U, Arnold S, Heck AJR. MRPS36 provides a structural link in the eukaryotic 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. Open Biol 2023; 13:220363. [PMID: 36854377 PMCID: PMC9974300 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The tricarboxylic acid cycle is the central pathway of energy production in eukaryotic cells and plays a key part in aerobic respiration throughout all kingdoms of life. One of the pivotal enzymes in this cycle is 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHC), which generates NADH by oxidative decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA. OGDHC is a megadalton protein complex originally thought to be assembled from three catalytically active subunits (E1o, E2o, E3). In fungi and animals, however, the protein MRPS36 has more recently been proposed as a putative additional component. Based on extensive cross-linking mass spectrometry data supported by phylogenetic analyses, we provide evidence that MRPS36 is an important member of the eukaryotic OGDHC, with no prokaryotic orthologues. Comparative sequence analysis and computational structure predictions reveal that, in contrast with bacteria and archaea, eukaryotic E2o does not contain the peripheral subunit-binding domain (PSBD), for which we propose that MRPS36 evolved as an E3 adaptor protein, functionally replacing the PSBD. We further provide a refined structural model of the complete eukaryotic OGDHC of approximately 3.45 MDa with novel mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes F. Hevler
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Albanese
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alfredo Cabrera-Orefice
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Alisa Potter
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Andris Jankevics
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jelena Misic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richard A. Scheltema
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Brandt
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne Arnold
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Albert J. R. Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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8
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Thompson K, Stroud DA, Thorburn DR, Taylor RW. Investigation of oxidative phosphorylation activity and complex composition in mitochondrial disease. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 194:127-139. [PMID: 36813309 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-821751-1.00008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
A multidisciplinary approach to the laboratory diagnosis of mitochondrial disease has long been applied, with crucial information provided by deep clinical phenotyping, blood investigations, and biomarker screening as well as histopathological and biochemical testing of biopsy material to support molecular genetic screening. In an era of second and third generation sequencing technologies, traditional diagnostic algorithms for mitochondrial disease have been replaced by gene agnostic, genomic strategies including whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS), increasingly supported by other 'omics technologies (Alston et al., 2021). Whether a primary testing strategy, or one used to validate and interpret candidate genetic variants, the availability of a range of tests aimed at determining mitochondrial function (i.e., the assessment of individual respiratory chain enzyme activities in a tissue biopsy or cellular respiration in a patient cell line) remains an important part of the diagnostic armory. In this chapter, we summarize several disciplines used in the laboratory investigation of suspected mitochondrial disease, including the histopathological and biochemical assessment of mitochondrial function, as well as protein-based techniques to assess the steady-state levels of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) subunits and assembly of OXPHOS complexes via traditional (immunoblotting) and cutting-edge (quantitative proteomic) approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Thompson
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - David A Stroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David R Thorburn
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Mitochondrial Laboratory, Victorian Clinical Genetic Services, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; NHS Highly Specialised Services for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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9
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Corey RA, Harrison N, Stansfeld PJ, Sansom MSP, Duncan AL. Cardiolipin, and not monolysocardiolipin, preferentially binds to the interface of complexes III and IV. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13489-13498. [PMID: 36507170 PMCID: PMC9682889 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04072g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial electron transport chain comprises a series of protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane that generate a proton motive force via oxidative phosphorylation, ultimately generating ATP. These protein complexes can oligomerize to form larger structures called supercomplexes. Cardiolipin (CL), a conical lipid, unique within eukaryotes to the inner mitochondrial membrane, has proven essential in maintaining the stability and function of supercomplexes. Monolysocardiolipin (MLCL) is a CL variant that accumulates in people with Barth syndrome (BTHS). BTHS is caused by defects in CL biosynthesis and characterised by abnormal mitochondrial bioenergetics and destabilised supercomplexes. However, the mechanisms by which MLCL causes pathogenesis remain unclear. Here, multiscale molecular dynamics characterise the interactions of CL and MLCL with yeast and mammalian mitochondrial supercomplexes containing complex III (CIII) and complex IV (CIV). Coarse-grained simulations reveal that both CL and MLCL bind to sites at the interface between CIII and CIV of the supercomplex. Free energy perturbation calculations show that MLCL interaction is weaker than that of CL and suggest that interaction with CIV drives this difference. Atomistic contact analyses show that, although interaction with CIII is similar for CL and MLCL, CIV makes more contacts with CL than MLCL, demonstrating that CL is a more successful "glue" between the two complexes. Simulations of the human CIII2CIV supercomplex show that this interface site is maintained between species. Our study suggests that MLCL accumulation in people with BTHS disrupts supercomplex stability by formation of relatively weak interactions at the interface lipid binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A Corey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QU UK
| | - Noah Harrison
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QU UK
| | - Philllp J Stansfeld
- School of Life Sciences & Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Mark S P Sansom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QU UK
| | - Anna L Duncan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QU UK
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10
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Schiller J, Laube E, Wittig I, Kühlbrandt W, Vonck J, Zickermann V. Insights into complex I assembly: Function of NDUFAF1 and a link with cardiolipin remodeling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd3855. [PMID: 36383672 PMCID: PMC9668296 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add3855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory complex I is a ~1-MDa proton pump in mitochondria. Its structure has been revealed in great detail, but the structural basis of its assembly, in humans involving at least 15 assembly factors, is essentially unknown. We determined cryo-electron microscopy structures of assembly intermediates associated with assembly factor NDUFAF1 in a yeast model system. Subunits ND2 and NDUFC2 together with assembly factors NDUFAF1 and CIA84 form the nucleation point of the NDUFAF1-dependent assembly pathway. Unexpectedly, the cardiolipin remodeling enzyme tafazzin is an integral component of this core complex. In a later intermediate, all 12 subunits of the proximal proton pump module have assembled. NDUFAF1 locks the central ND3 subunit in an assembly-competent conformation, and major rearrangements of central subunits are required for complex I maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Schiller
- Institute of Biochemistry II, University Hospital, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eike Laube
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Functional Proteomics, Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Werner Kühlbrandt
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Janet Vonck
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Volker Zickermann
- Institute of Biochemistry II, University Hospital, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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11
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Hornby B, Thompson WR, Almuqbil M, Manuel R, Abbruscato A, Carr J, Vernon HJ. Natural history comparison study to assess the efficacy of elamipretide in patients with Barth syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:336. [PMID: 36056411 PMCID: PMC9438322 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Natural history studies are increasingly recognized as having an important role in drug development for rare diseases. A phase 3, observational, retrospective, and non-interventional study was designed to establish a natural history control (NHC) cohort of patients with Barth syndrome (BTHS) to provide further analysis of the efficacy of elamipretide observed in an open-label extension (OLE) phase of the TAZPOWER trial, a clinical trial that tested the efficacy of 40 mg daily of elamipretide in patients with BTHS. Methods This was a retrospective, non-interventional study. A propensity score model was used to compare elamipretide-treated patients and NHCs. The analysis included 8 patients from the TAZPOWER OLE and 19 untreated NHCs (including 12 with serial echocardiographic assessments). Results For the 6-min walk test (6MWT, primary endpoint), the least squares (LS) mean difference between groups was 79.7 m (P = 0.0004) at week 64 and 91.0 m (P = 0.0005) at week 76 in favor of elamipretide. Significant improvements in muscle strength (secondary endpoint), as assessed by handheld dynamometry (HHD) were also observed with elamipretide, with LS mean differences of 40.8 Newtons at 64 weeks (P = 0.0002) and 56.7 Newtons at 76 weeks (P = 0.0005). Patients continuously treated with elamipretide also experienced statistically significant improvements in other secondary endpoints (i.e., 5 times sit-to-stand [5XSST], multi-domain responder index [MDRI]). The functional improvements were robust to sensitivity analyses. Left ventricular stroke volume increased from baseline in patients with elamipretide but decreased in NHCs.
Conclusions Overall, the study established a NHC for use in assessing the efficacy of therapeutic interventions in patients with BTHS and the results suggest that elamipretide may improve natural history of BTHS at least in part by attenuating the natural decline in heart function and provide meaningful improvements in heart function and functional capacity in patients with BTHS compared to NHCs. Highlights A matched Natural History Control (NHC) was used to evaluate elamipretide in BTHS Elamipretide may improve natural history of BTHS by attenuating natural decline in heart function Elamipretide was associated with meaningful clinical improvements in skeletal muscle and cardiovascular parameters that were not observed in NHCs The study established a NHC for use in assessing the efficacy of therapeutic interventions in BTHS
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Hornby
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William Reid Thompson
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Taussig Heart Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Mohammed Almuqbil
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS); King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital (KASCH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ryan Manuel
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, MRB 512, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | | | - Jim Carr
- Stealth BioTherapeutics, Inc, Needham, MA, USA
| | - Hilary J Vernon
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, MRB 512, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA.
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12
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Pang J, Bao Y, Mitchell-Silbaugh K, Veevers J, Fang X. Barth Syndrome Cardiomyopathy: An Update. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040656. [PMID: 35456462 PMCID: PMC9030331 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is an X-linked mitochondrial lipid disorder caused by mutations in the TAFAZZIN (TAZ) gene, which encodes a mitochondrial acyltransferase/transacylase required for cardiolipin (CL) biosynthesis. Cardiomyopathy is a major clinical feature of BTHS. During the past four decades, we have witnessed many landmark discoveries that have led to a greater understanding of clinical features of BTHS cardiomyopathy and their molecular basis, as well as the therapeutic targets for this disease. Recently published Taz knockout mouse models provide useful experimental models for studying BTHS cardiomyopathy and testing potential therapeutic approaches. This review aims to summarize key findings of the clinical features, molecular mechanisms, and potential therapeutic approaches for BTHS cardiomyopathy, with particular emphasis on the most recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (J.P.); (Y.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.V.)
- Department of Biological Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yutong Bao
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (J.P.); (Y.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.V.)
- Department of Biological Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kalia Mitchell-Silbaugh
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (J.P.); (Y.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.V.)
| | - Jennifer Veevers
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (J.P.); (Y.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.V.)
| | - Xi Fang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (J.P.); (Y.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-858-246-4637
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13
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Cabrera-Orefice A, Potter A, Evers F, Hevler JF, Guerrero-Castillo S. Complexome Profiling-Exploring Mitochondrial Protein Complexes in Health and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:796128. [PMID: 35096826 PMCID: PMC8790184 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.796128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Complexome profiling (CP) is a state-of-the-art approach that combines separation of native proteins by electrophoresis, size exclusion chromatography or density gradient centrifugation with tandem mass spectrometry identification and quantification. Resulting data are computationally clustered to visualize the inventory, abundance and arrangement of multiprotein complexes in a biological sample. Since its formal introduction a decade ago, this method has been mostly applied to explore not only the composition and abundance of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes in several species but also to identify novel protein interactors involved in their assembly, maintenance and functions. Besides, complexome profiling has been utilized to study the dynamics of OXPHOS complexes, as well as the impact of an increasing number of mutations leading to mitochondrial disorders or rearrangements of the whole mitochondrial complexome. Here, we summarize the major findings obtained by this approach; emphasize its advantages and current limitations; discuss multiple examples on how this tool could be applied to further investigate pathophysiological mechanisms and comment on the latest advances and opportunity areas to keep developing this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Cabrera-Orefice
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Alisa Potter
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Felix Evers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Johannes F Hevler
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sergio Guerrero-Castillo
- University Children's Research@Kinder-UKE, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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14
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Dudek J, Maack C. Mechano-energetic aspects of Barth syndrome. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:82-98. [PMID: 34423473 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Energy-demanding organs like the heart are strongly dependent on oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Oxidative phosphorylation is governed by the respiratory chain located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The inner mitochondrial membrane is the only cellular membrane with significant amounts of the phospholipid cardiolipin, and cardiolipin was found to directly interact with a number of essential protein complexes, including respiratory chain complexes I to V. An inherited defect in the biogenesis of cardiolipin causes Barth syndrome, which is associated with cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, neutropenia and growth retardation. Energy conversion is dependent on reducing equivalents, which are replenished by oxidative metabolism in the Krebs cycle. Cardiolipin deficiency in Barth syndrome also affects Krebs cycle activity, metabolite transport and mitochondrial morphology. During excitation-contraction coupling, calcium (Ca2+ ) released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum drives sarcomeric contraction. At the same time, Ca2+ influx into mitochondria drives the activation of Krebs cycle dehydrogenases and the regeneration of reducing equivalents. Reducing equivalents are essential not only for energy conversion, but also for maintaining a redox buffer, which is required to detoxify reactive oxygen species (ROS). Defects in CL may also affect Ca2+ uptake into mitochondria and thereby hamper energy supply and demand matching, but also detoxification of ROS. Here, we review the impact of cardiolipin deficiency on mitochondrial function in Barth syndrome and discuss potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dudek
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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15
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Ji J, Greenberg ML. Cardiolipin function in the yeast S. cerevisiae and the lessons learned for Barth syndrome. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:60-71. [PMID: 34626131 PMCID: PMC8755574 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is the signature phospholipid (PL) of mitochondria and plays a pivotal role in mitochondrial and cellular function. Disruption of the CL remodeling gene tafazzin (TAZ) causes the severe genetic disorder Barth syndrome (BTHS). Our current understanding of the function of CL and the mechanism underlying the disease has greatly benefited from studies utilizing the powerful yeast model Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this review, we discuss important findings on the function of CL and its remodeling from yeast studies and the implications of these findings for BTHS, highlighting the potential physiological modifiers that may contribute to the disparities in clinical presentation among BTHS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Ji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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16
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Chatfield KC, Sparagna GC, Specht KS, Whitcomb LA, Omar AK, Miyamoto SD, Wolfe LM, Chicco AJ. Long-chain fatty acid oxidation and respiratory complex I deficiencies distinguish Barth Syndrome from idiopathic pediatric cardiomyopathy. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:111-124. [PMID: 34821394 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is an X-linked disorder that results from mutations in the TAFAZZIN gene, which encodes a phospholipid transacylase responsible for generating the mature form of cardiolipin in inner mitochondrial membranes. BTHS patients develop early onset cardiomyopathy and a derangement of intermediary metabolism consistent with mitochondrial disease, but the precise alterations in cardiac metabolism that distinguish BTHS from idiopathic forms of cardiomyopathy are unknown. We performed the first metabolic analysis of myocardial tissue from BTHS cardiomyopathy patients compared to age- and sex-matched patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and nonfailing controls. Results corroborate previous evidence for deficiencies in cardiolipin content and its linoleoyl enrichment as defining features of BTHS cardiomyopathy, and reveal a dramatic accumulation of hydrolyzed (monolyso-) cardiolipin molecular species. Respiratory chain protein deficiencies were observed in both BTHS and DCM, but a selective depletion of complex I was seen only in BTHS after controlling for an apparent loss of mitochondrial density in cardiomyopathic hearts. Distinct shifts in the expression of long-chain fatty acid oxidation enzymes and the tissue acyl-CoA profile of BTHS hearts suggest a specific block in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation upstream of the conventional matrix beta-oxidation cycle, which may be compensated for by a greater reliance upon peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation and the catabolism of ketones, amino acids, and pyruvate to meet cardiac energy demands. These results provide a comprehensive foundation for exploring novel therapeutic strategies that target the adaptive and maladaptive metabolic features of BTHS cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn C Chatfield
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Genevieve C Sparagna
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kalyn S Specht
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Luke A Whitcomb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Asma K Omar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Shelley D Miyamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lisa M Wolfe
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Adam J Chicco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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17
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Bertero E, Nickel A, Kohlhaas M, Hohl M, Sequeira V, Brune C, Schwemmlein J, Abeßer M, Schuh K, Kutschka I, Carlein C, Münker K, Atighetchi S, Müller A, Kazakov A, Kappl R, von der Malsburg K, van der Laan M, Schiuma AF, Böhm M, Laufs U, Hoth M, Rehling P, Kuhn M, Dudek J, von der Malsburg A, Prates Roma L, Maack C. Loss of Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Uniporter Limits Inotropic Reserve and Provides Trigger and Substrate for Arrhythmias in Barth Syndrome Cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2021; 144:1694-1713. [PMID: 34648376 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.053755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barth syndrome (BTHS) is caused by mutations of the gene encoding tafazzin, which catalyzes maturation of mitochondrial cardiolipin and often manifests with systolic dysfunction during early infancy. Beyond the first months of life, BTHS cardiomyopathy typically transitions to a phenotype of diastolic dysfunction with preserved ejection fraction, blunted contractile reserve during exercise, and arrhythmic vulnerability. Previous studies traced BTHS cardiomyopathy to mitochondrial formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Because mitochondrial function and ROS formation are regulated by excitation-contraction coupling, integrated analysis of mechano-energetic coupling is required to delineate the pathomechanisms of BTHS cardiomyopathy. METHODS We analyzed cardiac function and structure in a mouse model with global knockdown of tafazzin (Taz-KD) compared with wild-type littermates. Respiratory chain assembly and function, ROS emission, and Ca2+ uptake were determined in isolated mitochondria. Excitation-contraction coupling was integrated with mitochondrial redox state, ROS, and Ca2+ uptake in isolated, unloaded or preloaded cardiac myocytes, and cardiac hemodynamics analyzed in vivo. RESULTS Taz-KD mice develop heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (>50%) and age-dependent progression of diastolic dysfunction in the absence of fibrosis. Increased myofilament Ca2+ affinity and slowed cross-bridge cycling caused diastolic dysfunction, in part, compensated by accelerated diastolic Ca2+ decay through preactivated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase. Taz deficiency provoked heart-specific loss of mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter protein that prevented Ca2+-induced activation of the Krebs cycle during β-adrenergic stimulation, oxidizing pyridine nucleotides and triggering arrhythmias in cardiac myocytes. In vivo, Taz-KD mice displayed prolonged QRS duration as a substrate for arrhythmias, and a lack of inotropic response to β-adrenergic stimulation. Cellular arrhythmias and QRS prolongation, but not the defective inotropic reserve, were restored by inhibiting Ca2+ export through the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. All alterations occurred in the absence of excess mitochondrial ROS in vitro or in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Downregulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter, increased myofilament Ca2+ affinity, and preactivated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase provoke mechano-energetic uncoupling that explains diastolic dysfunction and the lack of inotropic reserve in BTHS cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, defective mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake provides a trigger and a substrate for ventricular arrhythmias. These insights can guide the ongoing search for a cure of this orphaned disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Bertero
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.).,Now with Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties (Di.M.I.), University of Genoa, Italy (E.B.)
| | - Alexander Nickel
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Michael Kohlhaas
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Mathias Hohl
- Clinic for Internal Medicine III (M. Hohl, C.B., K.M., S.A., A.K., M.B., C.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Vasco Sequeira
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Carolin Brune
- Clinic for Internal Medicine III (M. Hohl, C.B., K.M., S.A., A.K., M.B., C.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Julia Schwemmlein
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Marco Abeßer
- Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Germany (M.A., K.S., M. Kuhn)
| | - Kai Schuh
- Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Germany (M.A., K.S., M. Kuhn)
| | - Ilona Kutschka
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Christopher Carlein
- Department for Biophysics, ZHMB, CIPMM (C.C., R.K., M. Hoth, L.P.R.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Kai Münker
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.).,Clinic for Internal Medicine III (M. Hohl, C.B., K.M., S.A., A.K., M.B., C.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Sarah Atighetchi
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.).,Clinic for Internal Medicine III (M. Hohl, C.B., K.M., S.A., A.K., M.B., C.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Andreas Müller
- Clinic for Radiology (A.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Andrey Kazakov
- Clinic for Internal Medicine III (M. Hohl, C.B., K.M., S.A., A.K., M.B., C.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Reinhard Kappl
- Department for Biophysics, ZHMB, CIPMM (C.C., R.K., M. Hoth, L.P.R.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Karina von der Malsburg
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling, PZMS, Faculty of Medicine (K.v.d.M., M.v.d.L., A.v.d.M.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Martin van der Laan
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling, PZMS, Faculty of Medicine (K.v.d.M., M.v.d.L., A.v.d.M.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Anna-Florentine Schiuma
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Michael Böhm
- Clinic for Internal Medicine III (M. Hohl, C.B., K.M., S.A., A.K., M.B., C.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Ulrich Laufs
- Now with Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Germany (U.L.)
| | - Markus Hoth
- Department for Biophysics, ZHMB, CIPMM (C.C., R.K., M. Hoth, L.P.R.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Peter Rehling
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany (P.R., J.D.).,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Germany (P.R.).,Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany (P.R.)
| | - Michaela Kuhn
- Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Germany (M.A., K.S., M. Kuhn)
| | - Jan Dudek
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.).,Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany (P.R., J.D.)
| | - Alexander von der Malsburg
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling, PZMS, Faculty of Medicine (K.v.d.M., M.v.d.L., A.v.d.M.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Leticia Prates Roma
- Department for Biophysics, ZHMB, CIPMM (C.C., R.K., M. Hoth, L.P.R.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.).,Clinic for Internal Medicine III (M. Hohl, C.B., K.M., S.A., A.K., M.B., C.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany.,Department for Internal Medicine 1, University Clinic Würzburg, Germany (C.M.)
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18
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Furlani IL, da Cruz Nunes E, Canuto GAB, Macedo AN, Oliveira RV. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for Clinical Metabolomics: An Overview. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1336:179-213. [PMID: 34628633 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77252-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is a discipline that offers a comprehensive analysis of metabolites in biological samples. In the last decades, the notable evolution in liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry technologies has driven an exponential progress in LC-MS-based metabolomics. Targeted and untargeted metabolomics strategies are important tools in health and medical science, especially in the study of disease-related biomarkers, drug discovery and development, toxicology, diet, physical exercise, and precision medicine. Clinical and biological problems can now be understood in terms of metabolic phenotyping. This overview highlights the current approaches to LC-MS-based metabolomics analysis and its applications in the clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izadora L Furlani
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Cromatografia (Separare), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Estéfane da Cruz Nunes
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Gisele A B Canuto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Adriana N Macedo
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Regina V Oliveira
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Cromatografia (Separare), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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19
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Hevler JF, Zenezeni Chiozzi R, Cabrera-Orefice A, Brandt U, Arnold S, Heck AJR. Molecular characterization of a complex of apoptosis-inducing factor 1 with cytochrome c oxidase of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2106950118. [PMID: 34548399 PMCID: PMC8488679 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106950118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Combining mass spectrometry-based chemical cross-linking and complexome profiling, we analyzed the interactome of heart mitochondria. We focused on complexes of oxidative phosphorylation and found that dimeric apoptosis-inducing factor 1 (AIFM1) forms a defined complex with ∼10% of monomeric cytochrome c oxidase (COX) but hardly interacts with respiratory chain supercomplexes. Multiple AIFM1 intercross-links engaging six different COX subunits provided structural restraints to build a detailed atomic model of the COX-AIFM12 complex (PDBDEV_00000092). An application of two complementary proteomic approaches thus provided unexpected insight into the macromolecular organization of the mitochondrial complexome. Our structural model excludes direct electron transfer between AIFM1 and COX. Notably, however, the binding site of cytochrome c remains accessible, allowing formation of a ternary complex. The discovery of the previously overlooked COX-AIFM12 complex and clues provided by the structural model hint at potential roles of AIFM1 in oxidative phosphorylation biogenesis and in programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes F Hevler
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Zenezeni Chiozzi
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alfredo Cabrera-Orefice
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Brandt
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne Arnold
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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20
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Oemer G, Edenhofer ML, Wohlfarter Y, Lackner K, Leman G, Koch J, Cardoso LHD, Lindner HH, Gnaiger E, Dubrac S, Zschocke J, Keller MA. Fatty acyl availability modulates cardiolipin composition and alters mitochondrial function in HeLa cells. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100111. [PMID: 34450173 PMCID: PMC8455370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular assembly of cells depends not only on the balance between anabolism and catabolism but to a large degree on the building blocks available in the environment. For cultured mammalian cells, this is largely determined by the composition of the applied growth medium. Here, we study the impact of lipids in the medium on mitochondrial membrane architecture and function by combining LC-MS/MS lipidomics and functional tests with lipid supplementation experiments in an otherwise serum-free and lipid-free cell culture model. We demonstrate that the composition of mitochondrial cardiolipins strongly depends on the lipid environment in cultured cells and favors the incorporation of essential linoleic acid over other fatty acids. Simultaneously, the mitochondrial respiratory complex I activity was altered, whereas the matrix-localized enzyme citrate synthase was unaffected. This raises the question on a link between membrane composition and respiratory control. In summary, we found a strong dependency of central mitochondrial features on the type of lipids contained in the growth medium. This underlines the importance of considering these factors when using and establishing cell culture models in biomedical research. In summary, we found a strong dependency of central mitochondrial features on the type of lipids contained in the growth medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Oemer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marie-Luise Edenhofer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Yvonne Wohlfarter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katharina Lackner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter Innsbruck, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Geraldine Leman
- Epidermal Biology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jakob Koch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Herbert H Lindner
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Erich Gnaiger
- Oroboros Instruments Corporation, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sandrine Dubrac
- Epidermal Biology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Zschocke
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus A Keller
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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21
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Adaptive optimization of the OXPHOS assembly line partially compensates lrpprc-dependent mitochondrial translation defects in mice. Commun Biol 2021; 4:989. [PMID: 34413467 PMCID: PMC8376967 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02492-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse models of genetic mitochondrial disorders are generally used to understand specific molecular defects and their biochemical consequences, but rarely to map compensatory changes allowing survival. Here we took advantage of the extraordinary mitochondrial resilience of hepatic Lrpprc knockout mice to explore this question using native proteomics profiling and lipidomics. In these mice, low levels of the mtRNA binding protein LRPPRC induce a global mitochondrial translation defect and a severe reduction (>80%) in the assembly and activity of the electron transport chain (ETC) complex IV (CIV). Yet, animals show no signs of overt liver failure and capacity of the ETC is preserved. Beyond stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, results show that the abundance of mitoribosomes per unit of mitochondria is increased and proteostatic mechanisms are induced in presence of low LRPPRC levels to preserve a balance in the availability of mitochondrial- vs nuclear-encoded ETC subunits. At the level of individual organelles, a stabilization of residual CIV in supercomplexes (SCs) is observed, pointing to a role of these supramolecular arrangements in preserving ETC function. While the SC assembly factor COX7A2L could not contribute to the stabilization of CIV, important changes in membrane glycerophospholipid (GPL), most notably an increase in SC-stabilizing cardiolipins species (CLs), were observed along with an increased abundance of other supramolecular assemblies known to be stabilized by, and/or participate in CL metabolism. Together these data reveal a complex in vivo network of molecular adjustments involved in preserving mitochondrial integrity in energy consuming organs facing OXPHOS defects, which could be therapeutically exploited. Cuillerier et al. investigate compensatory mechanisms underlying survival of mice with a liver-specific knockout of the mitochondrial mRNA-binding protein Lrpprc. They propose various mechanisms operating along the OXPHOS assembly line, including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial ribosome upregulation and preferential supercomplex assembly, that could compensate lack of LRPPRC and allow survival of these mice.
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22
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Diverse mitochondrial abnormalities in a new cellular model of TAFFAZZIN deficiency are remediated by cardiolipin-interacting small molecules. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101005. [PMID: 34314685 PMCID: PMC8384898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is an X-linked disorder of mitochondrial phospholipid metabolism caused by pathogenic variants in TAFFAZIN, which results in abnormal cardiolipin (CL) content in the inner mitochondrial membrane. To identify unappreciated pathways of mitochondrial dysfunction in BTHS, we utilized an unbiased proteomics strategy and identified that complex I (CI) of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and the mitochondrial quality control protease presenilin-associated rhomboid-like protein (PARL) are altered in a new HEK293–based tafazzin-deficiency model. Follow-up studies confirmed decreased steady state levels of specific CI subunits and an assembly factor in the absence of tafazzin; this decrease is in part based on decreased transcription and results in reduced CI assembly and function. PARL, a rhomboid protease associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane with a role in the mitochondrial response to stress, such as mitochondrial membrane depolarization, is increased in tafazzin-deficient cells. The increased abundance of PARL correlates with augmented processing of a downstream target, phosphoglycerate mutase 5, at baseline and in response to mitochondrial depolarization. To clarify the relationship between abnormal CL content, CI levels, and increased PARL expression that occurs when tafazzin is missing, we used blue-native PAGE and gene expression analysis to determine that these defects are remediated by SS-31 and bromoenol lactone, pharmacologic agents that bind CL or inhibit CL deacylation, respectively. These findings have the potential to enhance our understanding of the cardiac pathology of BTHS, where defective mitochondrial quality control and CI dysfunction have well-recognized roles in the pathology of diverse forms of cardiac dysfunction.
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23
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Complexome Profiling: Assembly and Remodeling of Protein Complexes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157809. [PMID: 34360575 PMCID: PMC8346016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many proteins have been found to operate in a complex with various biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, or lipids. Protein complexes can be transient, stable or dynamic and their association is controlled under variable cellular conditions. Complexome profiling is a recently developed mass spectrometry-based method that combines mild separation techniques, native gel electrophoresis, and density gradient centrifugation with quantitative mass spectrometry to generate inventories of protein assemblies within a cell or subcellular fraction. This review summarizes applications of complexome profiling with respect to assembly ranging from single subunits to large macromolecular complexes, as well as their stability, and remodeling in health and disease.
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24
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Mukherjee I, Ghosh M, Meinecke M. MICOS and the mitochondrial inner membrane morphology - when things get out of shape. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1159-1183. [PMID: 33837538 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role in cellular signalling, metabolism and energetics. Proper architecture and remodelling of the inner mitochondrial membrane are essential for efficient respiration, apoptosis and quality control in the cell. Several protein complexes including mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS), F1 FO -ATP synthase, and Optic Atrophy 1 (OPA1), facilitate formation, maintenance and stability of cristae membranes. MICOS, the F1 FO -ATP synthase, OPA1 and inner membrane phospholipids such as cardiolipin and phosphatidylethanolamine interact with each other to organize the inner membrane ultra-structure and remodel cristae in response to the cell's demands. Functional alterations in these proteins or in the biosynthesis pathway of cardiolipin and phosphatidylethanolamine result in an aberrant inner membrane architecture and impair mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormalities hallmark several human conditions and diseases including neurodegeneration, cardiomyopathies and diabetes mellitus. Yet, they have long been regarded as secondary pathological effects. This review discusses emerging evidence of a direct relationship between protein- and lipid-dependent regulation of the inner mitochondrial membrane morphology and diseases such as fatal encephalopathy, Leigh syndrome, Parkinson's disease, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Mukherjee
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mausumi Ghosh
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Meinecke
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany.,Göttinger Zentrum für Molekulare Biowissenschaften - GZMB, Göttingen, Germany
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25
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van Strien J, Haupt A, Schulte U, Braun HP, Cabrera-Orefice A, Choudhary JS, Evers F, Fernandez-Vizarra E, Guerrero-Castillo S, Kooij TWA, Páleníková P, Pardo M, Ugalde C, Wittig I, Wöhlbrand L, Brandt U, Arnold S, Huynen MA. CEDAR, an online resource for the reporting and exploration of complexome profiling data. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2021; 1862:148411. [PMID: 33722514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2021.148411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Complexome profiling is an emerging 'omics' approach that systematically interrogates the composition of protein complexes (the complexome) of a sample, by combining biochemical separation of native protein complexes with mass-spectrometry based quantitation proteomics. The resulting fractionation profiles hold comprehensive information on the abundance and composition of the complexome, and have a high potential for reuse by experimental and computational researchers. However, the lack of a central resource that provides access to these data, reported with adequate descriptions and an analysis tool, has limited their reuse. Therefore, we established the ComplexomE profiling DAta Resource (CEDAR, www3.cmbi.umcn.nl/cedar/), an openly accessible database for depositing and exploring mass spectrometry data from complexome profiling studies. Compatibility and reusability of the data is ensured by a standardized data and reporting format containing the "minimum information required for a complexome profiling experiment" (MIACE). The data can be accessed through a user-friendly web interface, as well as programmatically using the REST API portal. Additionally, all complexome profiles available on CEDAR can be inspected directly on the website with the profile viewer tool that allows the detection of correlated profiles and inference of potential complexes. In conclusion, CEDAR is a unique, growing and invaluable resource for the study of protein complex composition and dynamics across biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joeri van Strien
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Haupt
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Schulte
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS) and Center for Integrative Signalling Studies (CIBSS), 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Braun
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alfredo Cabrera-Orefice
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jyoti S Choudhary
- Functional Proteomics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Felix Evers
- Medical Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sergio Guerrero-Castillo
- University Children's Research@Kinder-UKE, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Taco W A Kooij
- Medical Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Mercedes Pardo
- Functional Proteomics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Cristina Ugalde
- Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute, Madrid 28041, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), U723, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Functional Proteomics, Medical School, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lars Wöhlbrand
- General and Molecular Microbiology, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brandt
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne Arnold
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn A Huynen
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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26
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Emerging Roles of the MICOS Complex in Cristae Dynamics and Biogenesis. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070600. [PMID: 34209580 PMCID: PMC8301002 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Mitochondria possess an outer and inner membrane. The part of the inner membrane parallel to the outer membrane is termed the inner boundary membrane, while the cristae membrane folds towards the mitochondrial matrix and houses the respiratory chain complexes. Crista junctions are located at the interface of the inner boundary membrane and the cristae membrane and contain the important ‘mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system’ complex. Despite the growing evidence that the mitochondrial inner membrane could remodel, cristae membranes were largely considered static for nearly seventy years, as the observations were mostly based on electron microscopy and tomography. Recently, using fluorescence super-resolution techniques, several studies showed that cristae membranes undergo dynamic remodeling in living cells, and probably even fission and fusion of the inner membrane. In this review, we discuss the important recent literature conveying the emerging role of the MICOS complex in cristae dynamics and its relation to cristae biogenesis. As the aberrant inner membrane architecture is connected to various pathologies such as cardiomyopathies, neurodegeneration and diabetes, understanding the roles of various molecules connected with cristae biogenesis and dynamics would shed light on the pathophysiology, probably leading to therapeutics in the near future. Abstract Mitochondria are double membrane-enclosed organelles performing important cellular and metabolic functions such as ATP generation, heme biogenesis, apoptosis, ROS production and calcium buffering. The mitochondrial inner membrane (IM) is folded into cristae membranes (CMs) of variable shapes using molecular players including the ‘mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system’ (MICOS) complex, the dynamin-like GTPase OPA1, the F1FO ATP synthase and cardiolipin. Aberrant cristae structures are associated with different disorders such as diabetes, neurodegeneration, cancer and hepato-encephalopathy. In this review, we provide an updated view on cristae biogenesis by focusing on novel roles of the MICOS complex in cristae dynamics and shaping of cristae. For over seven decades, cristae were considered as static structures. It was recently shown that cristae constantly undergo rapid dynamic remodeling events. Several studies have re-oriented our perception on the dynamic internal ambience of mitochondrial compartments. In addition, we discuss the recent literature which sheds light on the still poorly understood aspect of cristae biogenesis, focusing on the role of MICOS and its subunits. Overall, we provide an integrated and updated view on the relation between the biogenesis of cristae and the novel aspect of cristae dynamics.
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27
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Zhu S, Chen Z, Zhu M, Shen Y, Leon LJ, Chi L, Spinozzi S, Tan C, Gu Y, Nguyen A, Zhou Y, Feng W, Vaz FM, Wang X, Gustafsson AB, Evans SM, Kunfu O, Fang X. Cardiolipin Remodeling Defects Impair Mitochondrial Architecture and Function in a Murine Model of Barth Syndrome Cardiomyopathy. Circ Heart Fail 2021; 14:e008289. [PMID: 34129362 PMCID: PMC8210459 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.121.008289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiomyopathy is a major clinical feature in Barth syndrome (BTHS), an X-linked mitochondrial lipid disorder caused by mutations in Tafazzin (TAZ), encoding a mitochondrial acyltransferase required for cardiolipin remodeling. Despite recent description of a mouse model of BTHS cardiomyopathy, an in-depth analysis of specific lipid abnormalities and mitochondrial form and function in an in vivo BTHS cardiomyopathy model is lacking. METHODS We performed in-depth assessment of cardiac function, cardiolipin species profiles, and mitochondrial structure and function in our newly generated Taz cardiomyocyte-specific knockout mice and Cre-negative control mice (n≥3 per group). RESULTS Taz cardiomyocyte-specific knockout mice recapitulate typical features of BTHS and mitochondrial cardiomyopathy. Fewer than 5% of cardiomyocyte-specific knockout mice exhibited lethality before 2 months of age, with significantly enlarged hearts. More than 80% of cardiomyocyte-specific knockout displayed ventricular dilation at 16 weeks of age and survived until 50 weeks of age. Full parameter analysis of cardiac cardiolipin profiles demonstrated lower total cardiolipin concentration, abnormal cardiolipin fatty acyl composition, and elevated monolysocardiolipin to cardiolipin ratios in Taz cardiomyocyte-specific knockout, relative to controls. Mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system and F1F0-ATP synthase complexes, required for cristae morphogenesis, were abnormal, resulting in onion-shaped mitochondria. Organization of high molecular weight respiratory chain supercomplexes was also impaired. In keeping with observed mitochondrial abnormalities, seahorse experiments demonstrated impaired mitochondrial respiration capacity. CONCLUSIONS Our mouse model mirrors multiple physiological and biochemical aspects of BTHS cardiomyopathy. Our results give important insights into the underlying cause of BTHS cardiomyopathy and provide a framework for testing therapeutic approaches to BTHS cardiomyopathy, or other mitochondrial-related cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siting Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ze’e Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mason Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leonardo J Leon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Liguo Chi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Simone Spinozzi
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Changming Tan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yusu Gu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Anh Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Frédéric M Vaz
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Asa B Gustafsson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sylvia M Evans
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ouyang Kunfu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Fang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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28
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Multiplexed complexome profiling using tandem mass tags. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2021; 1862:148448. [PMID: 34015258 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2021.148448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Complexome profiling is a rapidly spreading, powerful technique to gain insight into the nature of protein complexes. It identifies and quantifies protein complexes separated into multiple fractions of increasing molecular mass using mass spectrometry-based, label-free bottom-up proteomics. Complexome profiling enables a sophisticated and thorough characterization of the composition, molecular mass, assembly, and interactions of protein complexes. However, in practice, its application is limited by the large number of samples it generates and the related time of mass spectrometry analyses. Here, we report an improved process workflow that implements tandem mass tags for multiplexing complexome profiling. This workflow substantially reduces the number of samples and measuring time without compromising protein identification or quantification reliability. In profiles from mitochondrial fractions of cells recovering from chloramphenicol treatment, tandem mass tags-multiplexed complexome profiling exhibited migration patterns of mature ATP synthase (complex V) and assembly intermediates that were consistent in composition and abundance with profiles obtained by the label-free approach. Reporter ion quantifications of proteins and complexes unaffected by the chloramphenicol treatment presented less variation in comparison to the label-free method. Incorporation of tandem mass tags enabled an efficient and robust complexome profiling analysis and may foster broader application for protein complex profiling in biomedical research and diagnostics.
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29
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Abstract
Complexome profiling combines blue native gel electrophoresis (BNE) and quantitative mass spectrometry to define an entire protein interactome of a cell, an organelle, or a biological membrane preparation. The method allows the identification of protein assemblies with low abundance and detects dynamic processes of protein complex assembly. Applications of complexome profiling range from the determination of complex subunit compositions, assembly of single protein complexes, and supercomplexes to comprehensive differential studies between patients or disease models. This chapter describes the workflow of complexome profiling from sample preparation, mass spectrometry to data analysis with a bioinformatics tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Giese
- Molecular Bioinformatics, Institute of Computer Science, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jana Meisterknecht
- Functional Proteomics, ZBC, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Juliana Heidler
- Functional Proteomics, ZBC, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Functional Proteomics, ZBC, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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30
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Metabolic Alterations Caused by Defective Cardiolipin Remodeling in Inherited Cardiomyopathies. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10110277. [PMID: 33187128 PMCID: PMC7697959 DOI: 10.3390/life10110277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is the most energy-consuming organ in the human body. In heart failure, the homeostasis of energy supply and demand is endangered by an increase in cardiomyocyte workload, or by an insufficiency in energy-providing processes. Energy metabolism is directly associated with mitochondrial redox homeostasis. The production of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) may overwhelm mitochondrial and cellular ROS defense mechanisms in case of heart failure. Mitochondria are essential cell organelles and provide 95% of the required energy in the heart. Metabolic remodeling, changes in mitochondrial structure or function, and alterations in mitochondrial calcium signaling diminish mitochondrial energy provision in many forms of cardiomyopathy. The mitochondrial respiratory chain creates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, which couples respiration with oxidative phosphorylation and the preservation of energy in the chemical bonds of ATP. Akin to other mitochondrial enzymes, the respiratory chain is integrated into the inner mitochondrial membrane. The tight association with the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) ensures its structural integrity and coordinates enzymatic activity. This review focuses on how changes in mitochondrial CL may be associated with heart failure. Dysfunctional CL has been found in diabetic cardiomyopathy, ischemia reperfusion injury and the aging heart. Barth syndrome (BTHS) is caused by an inherited defect in the biosynthesis of cardiolipin. Moreover, a dysfunctional CL pool causes other types of rare inherited cardiomyopathies, such as Sengers syndrome and Dilated Cardiomyopathy with Ataxia (DCMA). Here we review the impact of cardiolipin deficiency on mitochondrial functions in cellular and animal models. We describe the molecular mechanisms concerning mitochondrial dysfunction as an incitement of cardiomyopathy and discuss potential therapeutic strategies.
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31
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Petit PX, Ardilla-Osorio H, Penalvia L, Nathan E. R. Tafazzin Mutation Affecting Cardiolipin Leads to Increased Mitochondrial Superoxide Anions and Mitophagy Inhibition in Barth Syndrome. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102333. [PMID: 33096711 PMCID: PMC7589545 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tafazzin is a phospholipid transacylase that catalyzes the remodeling of cardiolipin, a mitochondrial phospholipid required for oxidative phosphorylation. Mutations of the tafazzin gene cause Barth syndrome, which is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction and dilated cardiomyopathy, leading to premature death. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the cause of mitochondrial dysfunction in Barth syndrome remain poorly understood. We again highlight the fact that the tafazzin deficiency is also linked to defective oxidative phosphorylation associated with oxidative stress. All the mitochondrial events are positioned in a context where mitophagy is a key element in mitochondrial quality control. Here, we investigated the role of tafazzin in mitochondrial homeostasis dysregulation and mitophagy alteration. Using a HeLa cell model of tafazzin deficiency, we show that dysregulation of tafazzin in HeLa cells induces alteration of mitophagy. Our findings provide some additional insights into mitochondrial dysfunction associated with Barth syndrome, but also show that mitophagy inhibition is concomitant with apoptosis dysfunction through the inability of abnormal mitochondrial cardiolipin to assume its role in cytoplasmic signal transduction. Our work raises hope that pharmacological manipulation of the mitophagic pathway together with mitochondrially targeted antioxidants may provide new insights leading to promising treatment for these highly lethal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice X. Petit
- SSPIN Saints-Pères Paris Institut de Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 8003, “Mitochondria, Apoptosis and Autophagy Signalling” Université de Paris—Campus Saint-Germain, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France; (L.P.); (R.N.E.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +33(0)6-78-24-80-87
| | - Hector Ardilla-Osorio
- Laboratoire Cellules Souches et Prions, INSERM-S 1124, Université de Paris—Campus Saint-Germain, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Lucile Penalvia
- SSPIN Saints-Pères Paris Institut de Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 8003, “Mitochondria, Apoptosis and Autophagy Signalling” Université de Paris—Campus Saint-Germain, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France; (L.P.); (R.N.E.)
| | - Rainey Nathan E.
- SSPIN Saints-Pères Paris Institut de Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 8003, “Mitochondria, Apoptosis and Autophagy Signalling” Université de Paris—Campus Saint-Germain, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France; (L.P.); (R.N.E.)
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32
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Kondadi AK, Anand R, Reichert AS. Cristae Membrane Dynamics - A Paradigm Change. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:923-936. [PMID: 32978040 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that have essential metabolic and regulatory functions. Earlier studies using electron microscopy (EM) revealed an immense diversity in the architecture of cristae - infoldings of the mitochondrial inner membrane (IM) - in different cells, tissues, bioenergetic and metabolic conditions, and during apoptosis. However, cristae were considered to be largely static entities. Recently, advanced super-resolution techniques have revealed that cristae are independent bioenergetic units that are highly dynamic and remodel on a timescale of seconds. These advances, coupled with mechanistic and structural studies on key molecular players, such as the MICOS (mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system) complex and the dynamin-like GTPase OPA1, have changed our view on mitochondria in a fundamental way. We summarize these recent findings and discuss their functional implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Kondadi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Ruchika Anand
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas S Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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33
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Le CH, Benage LG, Specht KS, Li Puma LC, Mulligan CM, Heuberger AL, Prenni JE, Claypool SM, Chatfield KC, Sparagna GC, Chicco AJ. Tafazzin deficiency impairs CoA-dependent oxidative metabolism in cardiac mitochondria. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:12485-12497. [PMID: 32665401 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Barth syndrome is a mitochondrial myopathy resulting from mutations in the tafazzin (TAZ) gene encoding a phospholipid transacylase required for cardiolipin remodeling. Cardiolipin is a phospholipid of the inner mitochondrial membrane essential for the function of numerous mitochondrial proteins and processes. However, it is unclear how tafazzin deficiency impacts cardiac mitochondrial metabolism. To address this question while avoiding confounding effects of cardiomyopathy on mitochondrial phenotype, we utilized Taz-shRNA knockdown (TazKD ) mice, which exhibit defective cardiolipin remodeling and respiratory supercomplex instability characteristic of human Barth syndrome but normal cardiac function into adulthood. Consistent with previous reports from other models, mitochondrial H2O2 emission and oxidative damage were greater in TazKD than in wild-type (WT) hearts, but there were no differences in oxidative phosphorylation coupling efficiency or membrane potential. Fatty acid and pyruvate oxidation capacities were 40-60% lower in TazKD mitochondria, but an up-regulation of glutamate oxidation supported respiration rates approximating those with pyruvate and palmitoylcarnitine in WT. Deficiencies in mitochondrial CoA and shifts in the cardiac acyl-CoA profile paralleled changes in fatty acid oxidation enzymes and acyl-CoA thioesterases, suggesting limitations of CoA availability or "trapping" in TazKD mitochondrial metabolism. Incubation of TazKD mitochondria with exogenous CoA partially rescued pyruvate and palmitoylcarnitine oxidation capacities, implicating dysregulation of CoA-dependent intermediary metabolism rather than respiratory chain defects in the bioenergetic impacts of tafazzin deficiency. These findings support links among cardiolipin abnormalities, respiratory supercomplex instability, and mitochondrial oxidant production and shed new light on the distinct metabolic consequences of tafazzin deficiency in the mammalian heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine H Le
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Lindsay G Benage
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Kalyn S Specht
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Lance C Li Puma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Christopher M Mulligan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Adam L Heuberger
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Jessica E Prenni
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Steven M Claypool
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathryn C Chatfield
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Genevieve C Sparagna
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Adam J Chicco
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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34
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Van Strien J, Guerrero-Castillo S, Chatzispyrou IA, Houtkooper RH, Brandt U, Huynen MA. COmplexome Profiling ALignment (COPAL) reveals remodeling of mitochondrial protein complexes in Barth syndrome. Bioinformatics 2020; 35:3083-3091. [PMID: 30649188 PMCID: PMC6735710 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivation Complexome profiling combines native gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry to obtain the inventory, composition and abundance of multiprotein assemblies in an organelle. Applying complexome profiling to determine the effect of a mutation on protein complexes requires separating technical and biological variations from the variations caused by that mutation. Results We have developed the COmplexome Profiling ALignment (COPAL) tool that aligns multiple complexome profiles with each other. It includes the abundance profiles of all proteins on two gels, using a multi-dimensional implementation of the dynamic time warping algorithm to align the gels. Subsequent progressive alignment allows us to align multiple profiles with each other. We tested COPAL on complexome profiles from control mitochondria and from Barth syndrome (BTHS) mitochondria, which have a mutation in tafazzin gene that is involved in remodeling the inner mitochondrial membrane phospholipid cardiolipin. By comparing the variation between BTHS mitochondria and controls with the variation among either, we assessed the effects of BTHS on the abundance profiles of individual proteins. Combining those profiles with gene set enrichment analysis allows detecting significantly affected protein complexes. Most of the significantly affected protein complexes are located in the inner mitochondrial membrane (mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system, prohibitins), or are attached to it (the large ribosomal subunit). Availability and implementation COPAL is written in python and is available from http://github.com/cmbi/copal. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joeri Van Strien
- CMBI, Radboud Centre for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sergio Guerrero-Castillo
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Iliana A Chatzispyrou
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Brandt
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martijn A Huynen
- CMBI, Radboud Centre for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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35
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Colina-Tenorio L, Horten P, Pfanner N, Rampelt H. Shaping the mitochondrial inner membrane in health and disease. J Intern Med 2020; 287:645-664. [PMID: 32012363 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play central roles in cellular energetics, metabolism and signalling. Efficient respiration, mitochondrial quality control, apoptosis and inheritance of mitochondrial DNA depend on the proper architecture of the mitochondrial membranes and a dynamic remodelling of inner membrane cristae. Defects in mitochondrial architecture can result in severe human diseases affecting predominantly the nervous system and the heart. Inner membrane morphology is generated and maintained in particular by the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS), the F1 Fo -ATP synthase, the fusion protein OPA1/Mgm1 and the nonbilayer-forming phospholipids cardiolipin and phosphatidylethanolamine. These protein complexes and phospholipids are embedded in a network of functional interactions. They communicate with each other and additional factors, enabling them to balance different aspects of cristae biogenesis and to dynamically remodel the inner mitochondrial membrane. Genetic alterations disturbing these membrane-shaping factors can lead to human pathologies including fatal encephalopathy, dominant optic atrophy, Leigh syndrome, Parkinson's disease and Barth syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Colina-Tenorio
- From the, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - P Horten
- From the, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - N Pfanner
- From the, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - H Rampelt
- From the, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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36
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Khosravi S, Harner ME. The MICOS complex, a structural element of mitochondria with versatile functions. Biol Chem 2020; 401:765-778. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AbstractMitochondria perform a plethora of functions in various cells of different tissues. Their architecture differs remarkably, for instance in neurons versus steroidogenic cells. Furthermore, aberrant mitochondrial architecture results in mitochondrial dysfunction. This indicates strongly that mitochondrial architecture and function are intimately linked. Therefore, a deep knowledge about the determinants of mitochondrial architecture and their function on a molecular level is of utmost importance. In the past decades, various proteins and protein complexes essential for formation of mitochondrial architecture have been identified. Here we will review the current knowledge of the MICOS complex, one of the major structural elements of mitochondria. MICOS is a multi-subunit complex present in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Multiple interaction partners in the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane point to participation in a multitude of important processes, such as generation of mitochondrial architecture, lipid metabolism, and protein import into mitochondria. Since the MICOS complex is highly conserved in form and function throughout evolution, we will highlight the importance of MICOS for mammals. We will emphasize in particular the current knowledge of the association of MICOS with severe human diseases, including Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 2, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Frontotemporal Dementia and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Khosravi
- Department of Cell Biology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Großhaderner Str. 9, Planegg/Martinsried, MunichD-82152, Germany
| | - Max E. Harner
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Großhaderner Str. 9, Planegg/Martinsried, MunichD-82152, Germany
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37
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Chin MT, Conway SJ. Role of Tafazzin in Mitochondrial Function, Development and Disease. J Dev Biol 2020; 8:jdb8020010. [PMID: 32456129 PMCID: PMC7344621 DOI: 10.3390/jdb8020010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tafazzin, an enzyme associated with the rare inherited x-linked disorder Barth Syndrome, is a nuclear encoded mitochondrial transacylase that is highly conserved across multiple species and plays an important role in mitochondrial function. Numerous studies have elucidated the mechanisms by which Tafazzin affects mitochondrial function, but its effects on development and susceptibility to adult disease are incompletely understood. The purpose of this review is to highlight previous functional studies across a variety of model organisms, introduce recent studies that show an important role in development, and also to provide an update on the role of Tafazzin in human disease. The profound effects of Tafazzin on cardiac development and adult cardiac homeostasis will be emphasized. These studies underscore the importance of mitochondrial function in cardiac development and disease, and also introduce the concept of Tafazzin as a potential therapeutic modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Chin
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Correspondence: (M.T.C.); (S.J.C.); Tel.: +1-617-636-8776 (M.T.C.); +1-317-278-8780 (S.J.C.)
| | - Simon J. Conway
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Correspondence: (M.T.C.); (S.J.C.); Tel.: +1-617-636-8776 (M.T.C.); +1-317-278-8780 (S.J.C.)
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38
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Bertero E, Kutschka I, Maack C, Dudek J. Cardiolipin remodeling in Barth syndrome and other hereditary cardiomyopathies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165803. [PMID: 32348916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a prominent role in cardiac energy metabolism, and their function is critically dependent on the integrity of mitochondrial membranes. Disorders characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction are commonly associated with cardiac disease. The mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin directly interacts with a number of essential protein complexes in the mitochondrial membranes including the respiratory chain, mitochondrial metabolite carriers, and proteins critical for mitochondrial morphology. Barth syndrome is an X-linked disorder caused by an inherited defect in the biogenesis of the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin. How cardiolipin deficiency impacts on mitochondrial function and how mitochondrial dysfunction causes cardiomyopathy has been intensively studied in cellular and animal models of Barth syndrome. These findings may also have implications for the molecular mechanisms underlying other inherited disorders associated with defects in cardiolipin, such as Sengers syndrome and dilated cardiomyopathy with ataxia (DCMA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Bertero
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ilona Kutschka
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Dudek
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany.
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39
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Mukherjee S, Ghosh A. Molecular mechanism of mitochondrial respiratory chain assembly and its relation to mitochondrial diseases. Mitochondrion 2020; 53:1-20. [PMID: 32304865 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) is comprised of ~92 nuclear and mitochondrial DNA-encoded protein subunits that are organized into five different multi-subunit respiratory complexes. These complexes produce 90% of the ATP required for cell sustenance. Specific sets of subunits are assembled in a modular or non-modular fashion to construct the MRC complexes. The complete assembly process is gradually chaperoned by a myriad of assembly factors that must coordinate with several other prosthetic groups to reach maturity, makingthe entire processextensively complicated. Further, the individual respiratory complexes can be integrated intovarious giant super-complexes whose functional roles have yet to be explored. Mutations in the MRC subunits and in the related assembly factors often give rise to defects in the proper assembly of the respiratory chain, which then manifests as a group of disorders called mitochondrial diseases, the most common inborn errors of metabolism. This review summarizes the current understanding of the biogenesis of individual MRC complexes and super-complexes, and explores how mutations in the different subunits and assembly factors contribute to mitochondrial disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyajit Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Alok Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India.
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40
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El-Hafidi M, Correa F, Zazueta C. Mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases associated with cardiolipin remodeling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165744. [PMID: 32105822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is an acidic phospholipid almost exclusively found in the inner mitochondrial membrane, that not only stabilizes the structure and function of individual components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, but regulates relevant mitochondrial processes, like mitochondrial dynamics and cristae structure maintenance among others. Alterations in CL due to peroxidation, correlates with loss of such mitochondrial activities and disease progression. In this review it is recapitulated the current state of knowledge of the role of cardiolipin remodeling associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed El-Hafidi
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología I. Ch. 14080, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Francisco Correa
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología I. Ch. 14080, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Cecilia Zazueta
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología I. Ch. 14080, Ciudad de México, México.
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41
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Fatica EM, DeLeonibus GA, House A, Kodger JV, Pearce RW, Shah RR, Levi L, Sandlers Y. Barth Syndrome: Exploring Cardiac Metabolism with Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Metabolites 2019; 9:E306. [PMID: 31861102 PMCID: PMC6950123 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9120306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is an X-linked recessive multisystem disorder caused by mutations in the TAZ gene (TAZ, G 4.5, OMIM 300394) that encodes for the acyltransferase tafazzin. This protein is highly expressed in the heart and plays a significant role in cardiolipin biosynthesis. Heart disease is the major clinical manifestation of BTHS with a high incidence in early life. Although the genetic basis of BTHS and tetralinoleoyl cardiolipin deficiency in BTHS-affected individuals are well-established, downstream metabolic changes in cardiac metabolism are still uncovered. Our study aimed to characterize TAZ-induced metabolic perturbations in the heart. Control (PGP1-TAZWT) and TAZ mutant (PGP1-TAZ517delG) iPS-CM were incubated with 13C6-glucose and 13C5-glutamine and incorporation of 13C into downstream Krebs cycle intermediates was traced. Our data reveal that TAZ517delG induces accumulation of cellular long chain acylcarnitines and overexpression of fatty acid binding protein (FABP4). We also demonstrate that TAZ517delG induces metabolic alterations in pathways related to energy production as reflected by high glucose uptake, an increase in glycolytic lactate production and a decrease in palmitate uptake. Moreover, despite mitochondrial dysfunction, in the absence of glucose and fatty acids, TAZ517delG-iPS-CM can use glutamine as a carbon source to replenish the Krebs cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M. Fatica
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA; (E.M.F.); (G.A.D.); (A.H.); (J.V.K.); (R.W.P.); (R.R.S.)
| | - Gina A. DeLeonibus
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA; (E.M.F.); (G.A.D.); (A.H.); (J.V.K.); (R.W.P.); (R.R.S.)
| | - Alisha House
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA; (E.M.F.); (G.A.D.); (A.H.); (J.V.K.); (R.W.P.); (R.R.S.)
| | - Jillian V. Kodger
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA; (E.M.F.); (G.A.D.); (A.H.); (J.V.K.); (R.W.P.); (R.R.S.)
| | - Ryan W. Pearce
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA; (E.M.F.); (G.A.D.); (A.H.); (J.V.K.); (R.W.P.); (R.R.S.)
| | - Rohan R. Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA; (E.M.F.); (G.A.D.); (A.H.); (J.V.K.); (R.W.P.); (R.R.S.)
| | - Liraz Levi
- Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Yana Sandlers
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA; (E.M.F.); (G.A.D.); (A.H.); (J.V.K.); (R.W.P.); (R.R.S.)
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Eramo MJ, Lisnyak V, Formosa LE, Ryan MT. The ‘mitochondrial contact site and cristae organising system’ (MICOS) in health and human disease. J Biochem 2019; 167:243-255. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe ‘mitochondrial contact site and cristae organising system’ (MICOS) is an essential protein complex that promotes the formation, maintenance and stability of mitochondrial cristae. As such, loss of core MICOS components disrupts cristae structure and impairs mitochondrial function. Aberrant mitochondrial cristae morphology and diminished mitochondrial function is a pathological hallmark observed across many human diseases such as neurodegenerative conditions, obesity and diabetes mellitus, cardiomyopathy, and in muscular dystrophies and myopathies. While mitochondrial abnormalities are often an associated secondary effect to the pathological disease process, a direct role for the MICOS in health and human disease is emerging. This review describes the role of MICOS in the maintenance of mitochondrial architecture and summarizes both the direct and associated roles of the MICOS in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Eramo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, 23 Innovation Walk, Monash University, 3800 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Valerie Lisnyak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, 23 Innovation Walk, Monash University, 3800 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luke E Formosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, 23 Innovation Walk, Monash University, 3800 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael T Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, 23 Innovation Walk, Monash University, 3800 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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ALCAT1 Overexpression Affects Supercomplex Formation and Increases ROS in Respiring Mitochondria. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9186469. [PMID: 31885824 PMCID: PMC6925921 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9186469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a multifunctional dimeric phospholipid that physically interacts with electron transport chain complexes I, III, and IV, and ATP synthase (complex V). The enzyme ALCAT1 catalyzes the conversion of cardiolipin by incorporating polyunsaturated fatty acids into cardiolipin. The resulting CL species are said to be more susceptible to oxidative damage. This is thought to negatively affect the interaction of cardiolipin and electron transport chain complexes, leading to increased ROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, it is discussed that ALCAT1 itself is upregulated due to oxidative stress. Here, we investigated the effects of overexpression of ALCAT1 under different metabolic conditions. ALCAT1 is located at the ER and mitochondria, probably at contact sites. We found that respiration stimulated by galactose supply promoted supercomplex assembly but also led to increased mitochondrial ROS levels. Endogeneous ALCAT1 protein expression levels showed a fairly high variability. Artificially induced ALCAT1 overexpression reduced supercomplex formation, further promoted ROS production, and prevented upregulation of coupled respiration. Taken together, our data suggest that the amount of the CL conversion enzyme ALCAT1 is critical for coupling mitochondrial respiration and metabolic plasticity.
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Abstract
Synthesis and regulation of lipid levels and identities is critical for a wide variety of cellular functions, including structural and morphological properties of organelles, energy storage, signaling, and stability and function of membrane proteins. Proteolytic cleavage events regulate and/or influence some of these lipid metabolic processes and as a result help modulate their pleiotropic cellular functions. Proteins involved in lipid regulation are proteolytically cleaved for the purpose of their relocalization, processing, turnover, and quality control, among others. The scope of this review includes proteolytic events governing cellular lipid dynamics. After an initial discussion of the classic example of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, our focus will shift to the mitochondrion, where a range of proteolytic events are critical for normal mitochondrial phospholipid metabolism and enforcing quality control therein. Recently, mitochondrial phospholipid metabolic pathways have been implicated as important for the proliferative capacity of cancers. Thus, the assorted proteases that regulate, monitor, or influence the activity of proteins that are important for phospholipid metabolism represent attractive targets to be manipulated for research purposes and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingdewinde N. Sam
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Erica Avery
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Steven M. Claypool
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
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Ren M, Miller PC, Schlame M, Phoon CKL. A critical appraisal of the tafazzin knockdown mouse model of Barth syndrome: what have we learned about pathogenesis and potential treatments? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H1183-H1193. [PMID: 31603701 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00504.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric heart failure remains poorly understood, distinct in many aspects from adult heart failure. Limited data point to roles of altered mitochondrial functioning and, in particular, changes in mitochondrial lipids, especially cardiolipin. Barth syndrome is a mitochondrial disorder caused by tafazzin mutations that lead to abnormal cardiolipin profiles. Patients are afflicted by cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, neutropenia, and growth delay. A mouse model of Barth syndrome was developed a decade ago, which relies on a doxycycline-inducible short hairpin RNA to knock down expression of tafazzin mRNA (TAZKD). Our objective was to review published data from the TAZKD mouse to determine its contributions to our pathogenetic understanding of, and potential treatment strategies for, Barth syndrome. In regard to the clinical syndrome, the reported physiological, biochemical, and ultrastructural abnormalities of the mouse model mirror those in Barth patients. Using this model, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor pan-agonist bezafibrate has been suggested as potential therapy because it ameliorated the cardiomyopathy in TAZKD mice, while increasing mitochondrial biogenesis. A clinical trial is now underway to test bezafibrate in Barth syndrome patients. Thus the TAZKD mouse model of Barth syndrome has led to important insights into disease pathogenesis and therapeutic targets, which can potentially translate to pediatric heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindong Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Paighton C Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Michael Schlame
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Colin K L Phoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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Finsterer J. Barth syndrome: mechanisms and management. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2019; 12:95-106. [PMID: 31239752 PMCID: PMC6558240 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s171481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Barth syndrome is an ultra-rare, infantile-onset, X-linked recessive mitochondrial disorder, primarily affecting males, due to variants in TAZ encoding for the cardiolipin transacylase tafazzin. This review aimed to summarize and discuss recent and earlier findings concerning the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of Barth syndrome. Method: A literature review was undertaken through a MEDLINE search. Results: The phenotype of Barth syndrome is highly variable but most frequently patients present with hypertrophic/dilated/non-compaction cardiomyopathy, fibroelastosis, arrhythmias, neutropenia, mitochondrial myopathy, growth retardation, dysmorphism, cognitive impairment, and other, rarer features. Lactic acid and creatine kinase, and blood and urine organic acids, particularly 3-methylglutaconic acid and monolysocardiolipin, are often elevated. Cardiolipin is decreased. Biochemical investigations may show decreased activity of various respiratory chain complexes. The diagnosis is confirmed by documentation of a causative TAZ variant. Treatment is symptomatic and directed toward treating heart failure, arrhythmias, neutropenia, and mitochondrial myopathy. Conclusions: Although Barth syndrome is still an orphan disease, with fewer than 200 cases described so far, there is extensive ongoing research with regard to its pathomechanism and new therapeutic approaches. Although most of these approaches are still experimental, it can be expected that causative strategies will be developed in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Finsterer
- Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Messerli Institute, Vienna, Austria
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Bezafibrate In Vivo Administration Prevents 3-Methylglutaric Acid-Induced Impairment of Redox Status, Mitochondrial Biogenesis, and Neural Injury in Brain of Developing Rats. Neurotox Res 2019; 35:809-822. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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