1
|
O'Neal M, Noher de Halac I, Aylward SC, Yildiz V, Zapanta B, Abreu N, de Los Reyes E. Natural History of Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis Type 6, Late Infantile Disease. Pediatr Neurol 2024; 154:51-57. [PMID: 38531163 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the CLN6 gene cause late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, a neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease of childhood onset. Clinically, individuals present with progressive motor and cognitive regression, ataxia, and early death. The aim of this study is to establish natural history data of individuals with classic, late-infantile-onset (age less than five years) CLN6 disease. METHODS We analyzed the natural history of 25 patients with late-infantile-onset CLN6, utilizing the Hamburg motor-language scale to measure disease progression. The key outcomes were CLN6 disease progression, assessed by rate of decline in motor and language clinical domain summary scores (0 to 6 total points); onset and type of first symptom; onset of first seizure; and time from first symptom to complete loss of function. RESULTS Median age of total motor and language onset of decline was 42 months (interquartile range 36 to 48). The estimated rate of decline in total score was at a slope of -1.20 (S.D. 0.30) per year, after the start of decline. Complete loss of both motor and language function was found to be, on average, 88.1 months (S.D. 13.5). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the largest international study that monitors the longitudinal natural history and progression of CLN6 disease. These data may serve as a template for future interventional trials targeted to slow the progression of this devastating disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew O'Neal
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Shawn C Aylward
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Vedat Yildiz
- Biostatistics Resource at Nationwide Children's Hospital (BRANCH), Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Bianca Zapanta
- Division of Molecular and Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Nicolas Abreu
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Emily de Los Reyes
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Baltar F, Simoes C, Garagorry F, Graña M, Rodríguez S, Haydée Aunchayna M, Tapié A, Cerisola A, González G, Naya H, Spangenberg L, Raggio V. Two compound heterozygous variants in the CLN8 gene are responsible for neuronal cereidolipofuscinoses disorder in a child: a case report. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1379254. [PMID: 38751748 PMCID: PMC11094295 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1379254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (NCL) disorders, recognized as the primary cause of childhood dementia globally, constitute a spectrum of genetic abnormalities. CLN8, a subtype within NCL, is characterized by cognitive decline, motor impairment, and visual deterioration. This study focuses on an atypical case with congenital onset and a remarkably slow disease progression. Methods Whole-genome sequencing at 30× coverage was employed as part of a national genomics program to investigate the genetic underpinnings of rare diseases. This genomic approach aimed to challenge established classifications (vLINCL and EPMR) and explore the presence of a continuous phenotypic spectrum associated with CLN8. Results The whole-genome sequencing revealed two novel likely pathogenic mutations in the CLN8 gene on chromosome 8p23.3. These mutations were not previously associated with CLN8-related NCL. Contrary to established classifications (vLINCL and EPMR), our findings suggest a continuous phenotypic spectrum associated with CLN8. Pathological subcellular markers further validated the genomic insights. Discussion The identification of two previously undescribed likely pathogenic CLN8 gene mutations challenges traditional classifications and highlights a more nuanced phenotypic spectrum associated with CLN8. Our findings underscore the significance of genetic modifiers and interactions with unrelated genes in shaping variable phenotypic outcomes. The inclusion of pathological subcellular markers further strengthens the validity of our genomic insights. This research enhances our understanding of CLN8 disorders, emphasizing the need for comprehensive genomic analyses to elucidate the complexity of phenotypic presentations and guide tailored therapeutic strategies. The identification of new likely pathogenic mutations underscores the dynamic nature of CLN8-related NCL and the importance of individualized approaches to patient management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Baltar
- Unidad Académica de Neuropediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Camila Simoes
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento Básico de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Francisco Garagorry
- Unidad Académica de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Martín Graña
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Soledad Rodríguez
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Haydée Aunchayna
- Unidad Académica de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alejandra Tapié
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alfredo Cerisola
- Unidad Académica de Neuropediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gabriel González
- Unidad Académica de Neuropediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Hugo Naya
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Pasturas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Spangenberg
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento Básico de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Víctor Raggio
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huber RJ, Kim WD, Wilson-Smillie MLDM. Mechanisms regulating the intracellular trafficking and release of CLN5 and CTSD. Traffic 2024; 25:e12925. [PMID: 38272448 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Ceroid lipofuscinosis neuronal 5 (CLN5) and cathepsin D (CTSD) are soluble lysosomal enzymes that also localize extracellularly. In humans, homozygous mutations in CLN5 and CTSD cause CLN5 disease and CLN10 disease, respectively, which are two subtypes of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (commonly known as Batten disease). The mechanisms regulating the intracellular trafficking of CLN5 and CTSD and their release from cells are not well understood. Here, we used the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum as a model system to examine the pathways and cellular components that regulate the intracellular trafficking and release of the D. discoideum homologs of human CLN5 (Cln5) and CTSD (CtsD). We show that both Cln5 and CtsD contain signal peptides for secretion that facilitate their release from cells. Like Cln5, extracellular CtsD is glycosylated. In addition, Cln5 release is regulated by the amount of extracellular CtsD. Autophagy induction promotes the release of Cln5, and to a lesser extent CtsD. Release of Cln5 requires the autophagy proteins Atg1, Atg5, and Atg9, as well as autophagosomal-lysosomal fusion. Atg1 and Atg5 are required for the release of CtsD. Together, these data support a model where Cln5 and CtsD are actively released from cells via their signal peptides for secretion and pathways linked to autophagy. The release of Cln5 and CtsD from cells also requires microfilaments and the D. discoideum homologs of human AP-3 complex mu subunit, the lysosomal-trafficking regulator LYST, mucopilin-1, and the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome-associated protein WASH, which all regulate lysosomal exocytosis in this model organism. These findings suggest that lysosomal exocytosis also facilitates the release of Cln5 and CtsD from cells. In addition, we report the roles of ABC transporters, microtubules, osmotic stress, and the putative D. discoideum homologs of human sortilin and cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor in regulating the intracellular/extracellular distribution of Cln5 and CtsD. In total, this study identifies the cellular mechanisms regulating the release of Cln5 and CtsD from D. discoideum cells and provides insight into how altered trafficking of CLN5 and CTSD causes disease in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Huber
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - William D Kim
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ashaat EA, Ahmed HA, Elaraby NM, Fayez A, Metwally AM, Mekkawy MK, Hussen DF, Ashaat NA, Elhossini RM, ElAwady HA, Abdelgawad RHA, Gammal ME, Al Kersh MA, Saleh DA. The Diagnostic Value of Whole-Exome Sequencing in a Spectrum of Rare Neurological Disorders Associated with Cerebellar Atrophy. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03866-y. [PMID: 38153683 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03866-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Several neurological disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, and neurodegenerative disorders have a genetic element with various clinical presentations ranging from mild to severe presentation. Neurological disorders are rare multifactorial disorders characterized by dysfunction and degeneration of synapses, neurons, and glial cells which are essential for movement, coordination, muscle strength, sensation, and cognition. The cerebellum might be involved at any time, either during development and maturation or later in life. Herein, we describe a spectrum of NDDs and NDs in seven patients from six Egyptian families. The core clinical and radiological features of our patients included dysmorphic features, neurodevelopmental delay or regression, gait abnormalities, skeletal deformities, visual impairment, seizures, and cerebellar atrophy. Previously unreported clinical phenotypic findings were recorded. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed followed by an in silico analysis of the detected genetic variants' effect on the protein structure. Three novel variants were identified in three genes MFSD8, AGTPBP1, and APTX, and other previously reported three variants have been detected in "TPP1, AGTPBP1, and PCDHGC4" genes. In this cohort, we described the detailed unique phenotypic characteristics given the identified genetic profile in patients with neurological "neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative disorders" disorders associated with cerebellar atrophy, hence expanding the mutational spectrum of such disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Engy A Ashaat
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hoda A Ahmed
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nesma M Elaraby
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaaeldin Fayez
- Molecular Genetics and Enzymology Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ammal M Metwally
- Community Medicine Research Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona K Mekkawy
- Human Cytogenetic Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia Farouk Hussen
- Human Cytogenetic Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Rasha M Elhossini
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Mona El Gammal
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Dina Amin Saleh
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huber RJ, Gray J, Kim WD. Loss of mfsd8 alters the secretome during Dictyostelium aggregation. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151361. [PMID: 37742391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein 8 (MFSD8) is a transmembrane protein that has been reported to function as a lysosomal chloride channel. In humans, homozygous mutations in MFSD8 cause a late-infantile form of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) called CLN7 disease. In the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, Mfsd8 localizes to cytoplasmic puncta and vesicles, and regulates conserved processes during the organism's life cycle. Here, we used D. discoideum to examine the effect of mfsd8-deficiency on the secretome during the early stages of multicellular development. Mass spectrometry revealed 61 proteins that were differentially released by cells after 4 and 8 h of starvation. Most proteins were present in increased amounts in mfsd8- conditioned buffer compared to WT indicating that loss of mfsd8 deregulates protein secretion and/or causes the release of proteins not normally secreted by WT cells. GO term enrichment analyses showed that many of the proteins aberrantly released by mfsd8- cells localize to compartments and regions of the cell associated with the endo-lysosomal and secretory pathways. Mass spectrometry also revealed proteins previously known to be impacted by the loss of mfsd8 (e.g., cathepsin D), as well as proteins that may underlie mfsd8-deficiency phenotypes during aggregation. Finally, we show that mfsd8-deficiency reduces intracellular proteasome 20S activity due to the abnormal release of at least one proteasomal subunit. Together, this study reveals the impact of mfsd8 loss on the secretome during D. discoideum aggregation and lays the foundation for follow up work that investigates the role of altered protein release in CLN7 disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Huber
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada; Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Joshua Gray
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - William D Kim
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rus CM, Polla DL, Di Bucchianico S, Fischer S, Hartkamp J, Hartmann G, Alpagu Y, Cozma C, Zimmermann R, Bauer P. Neuronal progenitor cells-based metabolomics study reveals dysregulated lipid metabolism and identifies putative biomarkers for CLN6 disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18550. [PMID: 37899458 PMCID: PMC10613621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45789-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 6 (CLN6) is a rare and fatal autosomal recessive disease primarily affecting the nervous system in children. It is caused by a pathogenic mutation in the CLN6 gene for which no therapy is available. Employing an untargeted metabolomics approach, we analyzed the metabolic changes in CLN6 subjects to see if this system could potentially yield biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring disease progression. Neuronal-like cells were derived from human fibroblast lines from CLN6-affected subjects (n = 3) and controls (wild type, n = 3). These were used to assess the potential of a neuronal-like cell-based metabolomics approach to identify CLN6 distinctive and specific biomarkers. The most impacted metabolic profile is associated with sphingolipids, glycerophospholipids metabolism, and calcium signaling. Over 2700 spectral features were screened, and fifteen metabolites were identified that differed significantly between both groups, including the sphingolipids C16 GlcCer, C24 GlcCer, C24:1 GlcCer and glycerophospholipids PG 40:6 and PG 40:7. Of note, these fifteen metabolites were downregulated in the CLN6 disease group. This study is the first to analyze the metabolome of neuronal-like cells with a pathogenic mutation in the CLN6 gene and to provide insights into their metabolomic alterations. This could allow for the development of novel biomarkers for monitoring CLN6 disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corina-Marcela Rus
- Centogene GmbH, Am Strande 7, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein Straße 27, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
| | | | - Sebastiano Di Bucchianico
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein Straße 27, 18059, Rostock, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein Straße 25, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Hartkamp
- Centogene GmbH, Am Strande 7, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Yunus Alpagu
- Centogene GmbH, Am Strande 7, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Claudia Cozma
- Centogene GmbH, Am Strande 7, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein Straße 27, 18059, Rostock, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein Straße 25, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Bauer
- Centogene GmbH, Am Strande 7, 18057, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Klein M, Hermey G. Converging links between adult-onset neurodegenerative Alzheimer's disease and early life neurodegenerative neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis? Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1463-1471. [PMID: 36571343 PMCID: PMC10075119 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.361544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from genetics and from analyzing cellular and animal models have converged to suggest links between neurodegenerative disorders of early and late life. Here, we summarize emerging links between the most common late life neurodegenerative disease, Alzheimer's disease, and the most common early life neurodegenerative diseases, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Genetic studies reported an overlap of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease and mutations in genes known to cause neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Accumulating data strongly suggest dysfunction of intracellular trafficking mechanisms and the autophagy-endolysosome system in both types of neurodegenerative disorders. This suggests shared cytopathological processes underlying these different types of neurodegenerative diseases. A better understanding of the common mechanisms underlying the different diseases is important as this might lead to the identification of novel targets for therapeutic concepts, the transfer of therapeutic strategies from one disease to the other and therapeutic approaches tailored to patients with specific mutations. Here, we review dysfunctions of the endolysosomal autophagy pathway in Alzheimer's disease and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses and summarize emerging etiologic and genetic overlaps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Klein
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Hermey
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mitchell NL, Russell KN, Barrell GK, Tammen I, Palmer DN. Characterization of neuropathology in ovine CLN5 and CLN6 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (Batten disease). Dev Neurobiol 2023; 83:127-142. [PMID: 37246363 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Sheep with naturally occurring CLN5 and CLN6 forms of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (Batten disease) share the key clinical features of the human disease and represent an ideal model system in which the clinical efficacy of gene therapies is developed and test. However, it was first important to characterize the neuropathological changes that occur with disease progression in affected sheep. This study compared neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and lysosomal storage accumulation in CLN5 affected Borderdale, CLN6 affected South Hampshire, and Merino sheep brains from birth to end-stage disease at ≤24 months of age. Despite very different gene products, mutations, and subcellular localizations, the pathogenic cascade was remarkably similar for all three disease models. Glial activation was present at birth in affected sheep and preceded neuronal loss, with both spreading from the visual and parieto-occipital cortices most prominently associated with clinical symptoms to the entire cortical mantle by end-stage disease. In contrast, the subcortical regions were less involved, yet lysosomal storage followed a near-linear increase across the diseased sheep brain with age. Correlation of these neuropathological changes with published clinical data identified three potential therapeutic windows in affected sheep-presymptomatic (3 months), early symptomatic (6 months), and a later symptomatic disease stage (9 months of age)-beyond which the extensive depletion of neurons was likely to diminish any chance of therapeutic benefit. This comprehensive natural history of the neuropathological changes in ovine CLN5 and CLN6 disease will be integral in determining what impact treatment has at each of these disease stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia L Mitchell
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Katharina N Russell
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Graham K Barrell
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Imke Tammen
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David N Palmer
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang XQ, Chen CB, Zhao WJ, Fu GB, Zhai Y. Rare adult neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis associated with CLN6 gene mutations: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:3533-3541. [PMID: 37383919 PMCID: PMC10294197 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i15.3533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (ANCL) can be caused by compound heterozygous recessive mutations in CLN6. The main clinical features of the disease are neurodegeneration, progressive motor dysfunction, seizures, cognitive decline, ataxia, vision loss and premature death.
CASE SUMMARY A 37-year-old female presented to our clinic with a 3-year history of limb weakness and gradually experiencing unstable walking. The patient was diagnosed with CLN6 type ANCL after the identification of mutations in the CLN6 gene. The patient was treated with antiepileptic drugs. The patient is under ongoing follow-up. Unfortunately, the patient’s condition has deteriorated, and she is currently unable to care for herself.
CONCLUSION There is presently no effective treatment for ANCL. However, early diagnosis and symptomatic treatment are possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Sanya People’s Hospital, West China (Sanya) Hospital, Sichuan University, Sanya 572000, Hainan Province, China
| | - Chuan-Bi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanya Women and Children’s Hospital Managed by Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Sanya 572000, Hainan Province, China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou 570100, Hainan Province, China
| | - Guang-Bin Fu
- Department of Neurology, Hainan Western Central Hospital, Danzhou 571799, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yu Zhai
- Department of Neurology, Hainan Western Central Hospital, Danzhou 571799, Hainan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Remtulla AAN, Huber RJ. The conserved cellular roles of CLN proteins: Novel insights from Dictyostelium discoideum. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151305. [PMID: 36917916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), collectively referred to as Batten disease, are a group of fatal neurodegenerative disorders that primarily affect children. The etiology of Batten disease is linked to mutations in 13 genes that encode distinct CLN proteins, whose functions have yet to be fully elucidated. The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum has been adopted as an efficient and powerful model system for studying the diverse cellular roles of CLN proteins. The genome of D. discoideum encodes several homologs of human CLN proteins, and a growing body of literature supports the conserved roles and networking of CLN proteins in D. discoideum and humans. In humans, CLN proteins have diverse cellular roles related to autophagy, signal transduction, lipid homeostasis, lysosomal ion homeostasis, and intracellular trafficking. Recent work also indicates that CLN proteins play an important role in protein secretion. Remarkably, many of these findings have found parallels in studies with D. discoideum. Accordingly, this review will highlight the translatable value of novel work with D. discoideum in the field of NCL research and propose further avenues of research using this biomedical model organism for studying the NCLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam A N Remtulla
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert J Huber
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Laqtom NN, Dong W, Medoh UN, Cangelosi AL, Dharamdasani V, Chan SH, Kunchok T, Lewis CA, Heinze I, Tang R, Grimm C, Dang Do AN, Porter FD, Ori A, Sabatini DM, Abu-Remaileh M. CLN3 is required for the clearance of glycerophosphodiesters from lysosomes. Nature 2022; 609:1005-1011. [PMID: 36131016 PMCID: PMC10510443 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes have many roles, including degrading macromolecules and signalling to the nucleus1. Lysosomal dysfunction occurs in various human conditions, such as common neurodegenerative diseases and monogenic lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs)2-4. For most LSDs, the causal genes have been identified but, in some, the function of the implicated gene is unknown, in part because lysosomes occupy a small fraction of the cellular volume so that changes in lysosomal contents are difficult to detect. Here we develop the LysoTag mouse for the tissue-specific isolation of intact lysosomes that are compatible with the multimodal profiling of their contents. We used the LysoTag mouse to study CLN3, a lysosomal transmembrane protein with an unknown function. In children, the loss of CLN3 causes juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Batten disease), a lethal neurodegenerative LSD. Untargeted metabolite profiling of lysosomes from the brains of mice lacking CLN3 revealed a massive accumulation of glycerophosphodiesters (GPDs)-the end products of glycerophospholipid catabolism. GPDs also accumulate in the lysosomes of CLN3-deficient cultured cells and we show that CLN3 is required for their lysosomal egress. Loss of CLN3 also disrupts glycerophospholipid catabolism in the lysosome. Finally, we found elevated levels of glycerophosphoinositol in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Batten disease, suggesting the potential use of glycerophosphoinositol as a disease biomarker. Our results show that CLN3 is required for the lysosomal clearance of GPDs and reveal Batten disease as a neurodegenerative LSD with a defect in glycerophospholipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nouf N Laqtom
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering & Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wentao Dong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering & Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Uche N Medoh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering & Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew L Cangelosi
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Sze Ham Chan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Tenzin Kunchok
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Ivonne Heinze
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Rachel Tang
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Grimm
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - An N Dang Do
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Forbes D Porter
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alessandro Ori
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Monther Abu-Remaileh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering & Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
McShane A, Mole SE. Sex bias and omission exists in Batten disease research: Systematic review of the use of animal disease models. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166489. [PMID: 35840041 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Batten disease, also known as the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL), is a group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders mainly affecting children. NCL are characterised by seizures, loss of vision, and progressive motor and cognitive decline, and are the most common form of childhood dementia. At least one type of Batten disease and three types of mouse disease models show sex differences in their severity and progression. Scientific research has a recognised prevalent omission of female animals when using model organisms for basic and preclinical research. Sex bias and omission in research using animal models of Batten disease may affect understanding and treatment development. We conducted a systematic review of research publications since the first identification of NCL genes in 1995, identifying those using animal models. We found that <10 % of these papers considered sex as a biological variable. There was consistent omission of female model organisms in studies. This varied over the period but is improving; one third of papers considered sex as a biological variable in the last decade, and there is a noticeable increase in the last 5 years. The wide-ranging reasons for this published sex bias are discussed, including misunderstanding regarding oestrogen, impact on sample size, and the underrepresentation of female scientists. Their implications for Batten disease and future research are considered. Recommendations going forward support requirements by funders for consideration of sex in all stages of experimental design and implementation, and a role for publishers, families and others with a particular interest in Batten disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annie McShane
- Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sara E Mole
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bullock G, Johnson GS, Mhlanga-Mutangadura T, Petesch SC, Thompson S, Goebbels S, Katz ML. Lysosomal storage disease associated with a CNP sequence variant in Dalmatian dogs. Gene X 2022; 830:146513. [PMID: 35447247 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A progressive neurological disorder was identified in purebred Dalmatian dogs. The disease is characterized by anxiety, pacing and circling, hypersensitivity, cognitive decline, sleep disturbance, loss of coordination, loss of control over urination and defecation, and visual impairment. Neurological signs first became apparent when the dogs were approximately 18 months of age and progressed slowly. Two affected littermates were euthanized at approximately 7 years, 5 months and 8 years, 2 months of age due to the severity of neurological impairment. The mother of the affected dogs and four other relatives exhibited milder, later-onset neurological signs. Pronounced accumulations of autofluorescent intracellular inclusions were found in cerebral cortex, cerebellum, optic nerve, and cardiac muscle of the affected dogs. These inclusions co-localized with immunolabeling of the lysosomal marker protein LAMP2 and bound antibodies to mitochondrial ATPase subunit c, indicating that the dogs suffered from a lysosomal storage disease with similarities to the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Ultrastructural analysis indicated that the storage bodies were surrounded by a single-layer membrane, but the storage granules were distinct from those reported for other lysosomal storage diseases. Whole genome sequences, generated with DNA from the two euthanized Dalmatians, both contained a rare, homozygous single-base deletion and reading-frame shift in CNP which encodes the enzyme CNPase (EC 3.1.4.37). The late-onset disease was exhibited by five of seven related Dalmatians that were heterozygous for the deletion allele and over 8 years of age, whereas none of 16 age-matched reference-allele homozygotes developed neurologic signs. No CNPase antigen could be detected with immunohistochemical labeling in tissues from the dogs with the earlier-onset disorder. Similar to the later-onset Dalmatians, autofluorescent storage granules were apparent in brain and cardiac tissue from transgenic mice that were nullizygous for Cnp. Based on the clinical signs, the histopathological, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and molecular-genetic findings, and the finding that nullizygous Cnp mice accumulate autofluorescent storage granules, we propose that the earlier-onset Dalmatian disorder is a novel lysosomal storage disease that results from a loss-of-function mutation in CNP and that shares features characteristic of the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. That the later-onset disorder occurred only in dogs heterozygous for the CNP deletion variant suggests that this disorder is a result of the variant allele's presence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garrett Bullock
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Gary S Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Tendai Mhlanga-Mutangadura
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Scott C Petesch
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Sandra Goebbels
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Neurogenetics, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin L Katz
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Laboratory, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yu W, Cao L, Lin P. Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis Owing to Complete Maternal Uniparental Disomy. JAMA Neurol 2022; 79:720-721. [PMID: 35576013 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Yu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lili Cao
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Pengfei Lin
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Meiman EJ, Kick GR, Jensen CA, Coates JR, Katz ML. Characterization of neurological disease progression in a canine model of CLN5 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Dev Neurobiol 2022; 82:326-344. [PMID: 35427439 PMCID: PMC9119968 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Golden Retriever dogs with a frameshift variant in CLN5 (c.934_935delAG) suffer from a progressive neurodegenerative disorder analogous to the CLN5 form of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL). Five littermate puppies homozygous for the deletion allele were identified prior to the onset of disease signs. Studies were performed to characterize the onset and progression of the disease in these dogs. Neurological signs that included restlessness, unwillingness to cooperate with the handlers, and proprioceptive deficits first became apparent at approximately 12 months of age. The neurological signs progressed over time and by 21 to 23 months of age included general proprioceptive ataxia, menace response deficits, aggressive behaviors, cerebellar ataxia, intention tremors, decreased visual tracking, seizures, cognitive decline, and impaired prehension. Due to the severity of these signs, the dogs were euthanized between 21 and 23 months of age. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed pronounced progressive global brain atrophy with a more than sevenfold increase in the volume of the ventricular system between 9.5 and 22.5 months of age. Accompanying this atrophy were pronounced accumulations of autofluorescent inclusions throughout the brain and spinal cord. Ultrastructurally, the contents of these inclusions were found to consist primarily of membrane‐like aggregates. Inclusions with similar fluorescence properties were present in cardiac muscle. Similar to other forms of NCL, the affected dogs had low plasma carnitine concentrations, suggesting impaired carnitine biosynthesis. These data on disease progression will be useful in future studies using the canine model for therapeutic intervention studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Meiman
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Grace Robinson Kick
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Laboratory University of Missouri Columbia MO 65212 USA
| | - Cheryl A. Jensen
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Laboratory University of Missouri Columbia MO 65212 USA
| | - Joan R. Coates
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Martin L. Katz
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Laboratory University of Missouri Columbia MO 65212 USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Qiao Y, Gu Y, Cheng Y, Su Y, Lv N, Shang Q, Xing Q. Case Report: Novel MFSD8 Variants in a Chinese Family With Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses 7. Front Genet 2022; 13:807515. [PMID: 35154277 PMCID: PMC8826235 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.807515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are among the most common progressive encephalopathies of childhood. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 7 (CLN7), one of the late infantile-onset NCLs, is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the MFSD8 gene on chromosome 4q28. Almost all reported mutations of MFSD8 in CLN7 patients were SNVs. However, we report a 4-year-old boy with CLN7 harboring compound heterozygous mutations in the MFSD8 gene, including one novel two-nucleotide deletion c.136_137delAT (p. M46Vfs*22) and one whole gene deletion of MFSD8 confirmed by Sanger sequencing, genomic quantitative PCR and CNV-seq. Therefore, for nonconsanguineous CLN7 patients with homozygous mutations in the MFSD8 gene, genetic counseling staff should focus on the possibility of whole gene deletion. This is one case report describing a whole gene deletion in a Chinese patient with CLN7, suggesting the diagnosis of CLN7 should be based on clinical suspicion and genetic testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Qiao
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Gu
- Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Su
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Lv
- Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qing Shang
- Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qinghe Xing
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Center for Women and Children's Health, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Badilla-Porras R, Echeverri-McCandless A, Weimer JM, Ulate-Campos A, Soto-Rodríguez A, Gutiérrez-Mata A, Hernández-Con L, Bogantes-Ledezma S, Balmaceda-Meza A, Brudvig J, Sanabria-Castro A. Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis Type 6 (CLN6) clinical findings and molecular diagnosis: Costa Rica's experience. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:13. [PMID: 35012600 PMCID: PMC8751374 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-02162-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Commonly known as Batten disease, the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are a genetically heterogeneous group of rare pediatric lysosomal storage disorders characterized by the intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent material (known as lipofuscin), progressive neurodegeneration, and neurological symptoms. In 2002, a disease-causing NCL mutation in the CLN6 gene was identified (c.214G > T) in the Costa Rican population, but the frequency of this mutation among local Batten disease patients remains incompletely characterized, as do clinical and demographic attributes for this rare patient population. Objective To describe the main sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with a clinical diagnosis for Batten Disease treated at the National Children's Hospital in Costa Rica and to characterize via molecular testing their causative mutations. Methods DNA extracted from buccal swabs was used for CLN6 gene sequencing. Participants’ sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were also obtained from their medical records. Results Nine patients with a clinical diagnosis of Batten disease were identified. Genetic sequencing determined the presence of the previously described Costa Rican homozygous mutation in 8 of 9 cases. One patient did not have mutations in the CLN6 gene. In all cases where the Costa Rican CLN6 mutation was present, it was accompanied by a substitution in intron 2. Patients were born in 4 of the 7 Costa Rican provinces, with an average onset of symptoms close to 4 years of age. No parental consanguinity was present in pedigrees. Initial clinical manifestations varied between patients but generally included: gait disturbances, language problems, visual impairment, seizures and psychomotor regression. Cortical and cerebellar atrophy was a constant finding when neuroimaging was performed. Seizure medication was a common element of treatment regimens. Conclusions This investigation supports that the previously characterized c.214G > T mutation is the most common causative NCL mutation in the Costa Rican population. This mutation is geographically widespread among Costa Rican NCL patients and yields a clinical presentation similar to that observed for CLN6 NCL patients in other geographies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Badilla-Porras
- Clinical Genetic and Metabolism Department, National Children's Hospital, CCSS, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - J M Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - A Ulate-Campos
- Neurology Department, National Children's Hospital, CCSS, San José, Costa Rica
| | - A Soto-Rodríguez
- Research Unit, Hospital San Juan de Dios, CCSS, San José, Costa Rica
| | - A Gutiérrez-Mata
- Neurology Department, National Children's Hospital, CCSS, San José, Costa Rica
| | - L Hernández-Con
- Neurology Department, National Children's Hospital, CCSS, San José, Costa Rica
| | - S Bogantes-Ledezma
- Neurology Department, National Children's Hospital, CCSS, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - J Brudvig
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - A Sanabria-Castro
- Research Unit, Hospital San Juan de Dios, CCSS, San José, Costa Rica.,Pharmacology Department, Pharmacy School, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Klein M, Kaleem A, Oetjen S, Wünkhaus D, Binkle L, Schilling S, Gjorgjieva M, Scholz R, Gruber-Schoffnegger D, Storch S, Kins S, Drewes G, Hoffmeister-Ullerich S, Kuhl D, Hermey G. Converging roles of PSENEN/PEN2 and CLN3 in the autophagy-lysosome system. Autophagy 2021; 18:2068-2085. [PMID: 34964690 PMCID: PMC9397472 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.2016232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PSENEN/PEN2 is the smallest subunit of the γ-secretase complex, an intramembrane protease that cleaves proteins within their transmembrane domains. Mutations in components of the γ-secretase underlie familial Alzheimer disease. In addition to its proteolytic activity, supplementary, γ-secretase independent, functions in the macroautophagy/autophagy-lysosome system have been proposed. Here, we screened for PSENEN-interacting proteins and identified CLN3. Mutations in CLN3 are causative for juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, a rare lysosomal storage disorder considered the most common neurodegenerative disease in children. As mutations in the PSENEN and CLN3 genes cause different neurodegenerative diseases, understanding shared cellular functions of both proteins might be pertinent for understanding general cellular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration. We hypothesized that CLN3 modulates γ-secretase activity and that PSENEN and CLN3 play associated roles in the autophagy-lysosome system. We applied CRISPR gene-editing and obtained independent isogenic HeLa knockout cell lines for PSENEN and CLN3. Following previous studies, we demonstrate that PSENEN is essential for forming a functional γ-secretase complex and is indispensable for γ-secretase activity. In contrast, CLN3 does not modulate γ-secretase activity to a significant degree. We observed in PSENEN- and CLN3-knockout cells corresponding alterations in the autophagy-lysosome system. These include reduced activity of lysosomal enzymes and lysosome number, an increased number of autophagosomes, increased lysosome-autophagosome fusion, and elevated levels of TFEB (transcription factor EB). Our study strongly suggests converging roles of PSENEN and CLN3 in the autophagy-lysosome system in a γ-secretase activity-independent manner, supporting the idea of common cytopathological processes underlying different neurodegenerative diseases. Abbreviations: Aβ, amyloid-beta; AD, Alzheimer disease; APP, amyloid precursor protein; ATP5MC, ATP synthase membrane subunit c; DQ-BSA, dye-quenched bovine serum albumin; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; GFP, green fluorescent protein; ICC, immunocytochemistry; ICD, intracellular domain; JNCL, juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis; KO, knockout; LC3, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; NCL, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses; PSEN, presenilin; PSENEN/PEN2: presenilin enhancer, gamma-secretase subunit; TAP, tandem affinity purification; TEV, tobacco etch virus; TF, transferrin; WB, Western blot; WT, wild type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Klein
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Abuzar Kaleem
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Oetjen
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Lars Binkle
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Schilling
- Division of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Milena Gjorgjieva
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Scholz
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Storch
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kins
- Division of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Gerard Drewes
- Cellzome, Functional Genomics Research and Development, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Hoffmeister-Ullerich
- Bioanalytics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Kuhl
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Hermey
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), collectively known as Batten disease, are a group of neurological diseases that affect all ages and ethnicities worldwide. There are 13 different subtypes of NCL, each caused by a mutation in a distinct gene. The NCLs are characterized by the accumulation of undigestible lipids and proteins in various cell types. This leads to progressive neurodegeneration and clinical symptoms including vision loss, progressive motor and cognitive decline, seizures, and premature death. These diseases have commonly been characterized by lysosomal defects leading to the accumulation of undigestible material but further research on the NCLs suggests that altered protein secretion may also play an important role. This has been strengthened by recent work in biomedical model organisms, including Dictyostelium discoideum, mice, and sheep. Research in D. discoideum has reported the extracellular localization of some NCL-related proteins and the effects of NCL-related gene loss on protein secretion during unicellular growth and multicellular development. Aberrant protein secretion has also been observed in mammalian models of NCL, which has allowed examination of patient-derived cerebrospinal fluid and urine for potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Accumulated evidence links seven of the 13 known NCL-related genes to protein secretion, suggesting that altered secretion is a common hallmark of multiple NCL subtypes. This Review highlights the impact of altered protein secretion in the NCLs, identifies potential biomarkers of interest and suggests that future work in this area can provide new therapeutic insight. Summary: This Review discusses work in different model systems and humans, examining the impact of altered protein secretion in the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses group of diseases to provide novel therapeutic insights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Huber
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Life & Health Sciences Building, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gardner E, Mole SE. The Genetic Basis of Phenotypic Heterogeneity in the Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses. Front Neurol 2021; 12:754045. [PMID: 34733232 PMCID: PMC8558747 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.754045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are a group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders that affect children and adults. They share some similar clinical features and the accumulation of autofluorescent storage material. Since the discovery of the first causative genes, more than 530 mutations have been identified across 13 genes in cases diagnosed with NCL. These genes encode a variety of proteins whose functions have not been fully defined; most are lysosomal enzymes, or transmembrane proteins of the lysosome or other organelles. Many mutations in these genes are associated with a typical NCL disease phenotype. However, increasing numbers of variant disease phenotypes are being described, affecting age of onset, severity or progression, and including some distinct clinical phenotypes. This data is collated by the NCL Mutation Database which allows analysis from many perspectives. This article will summarise and interpret current knowledge and understanding of their genetic basis and phenotypic heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Gardner
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara E Mole
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
p.Asn77Lys homozygous CLN6 mutation in two unrelated Japanese patients with Kufs disease, an adult onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 523:191-195. [PMID: 34597687 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) are a group of autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorders that are characterized by the accumulation of ceroid lipofuscins. The NCLs are categorized into four classes based on the age of onset. Kufs disease is a rare adult-onset NCL caused by mutations in the CLN6 gene, which is rarely observed in the Japanese population. CASE We previously reported a case study on a patient with Kufs disease, whose parents had a consanguineous marriage. Later, we observed another unrelated patient with Kufs. Here we present the case and mutational gene report in patients with Kufs disease. CONCLUSIONS Gene analysis results of the first patient revealed a homozygous mutation c231C > G, p.Asn77Lys in exon 3 and a homozygous c.297 + 48 A > T mutation in intron 3 in the CLN6 gene. The Asn amino acid is perfectly conserved among species. In silico analysis showed that the mutation is predicted to be probably damaging. Moreover, the second patient with Kufs disease also had the same homozygous mutations. These data suggest that the missense mutation must be pathogenic. Furthermore, the patients had lived in the same district; therefore, they both potentially inherited the founder effect mutations.
Collapse
|
22
|
Kick GR, Meiman EJ, Sabol JC, Whiting REH, Ota-Kuroki J, Castaner LJ, Jensen CA, Katz ML. Visual system pathology in a canine model of CLN5 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Exp Eye Res 2021; 210:108686. [PMID: 34216614 PMCID: PMC8429270 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
CLN5 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis is a hereditary neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive neurological decline, vision loss and seizures. Visual impairment in children with CLN5 disease is attributed to a progressive decline in retinal function accompanied by retinal degeneration as well as impaired central nervous system function associated with global brain atrophy. We studied visual system pathology in five Golden Retriever littermates homozygous for the CLN5 disease allele previously identified in the breed. The dogs exhibited signs of pronounced visual impairment by 21-22 months of age. Electroretinogram recordings showed a progressive decline in retinal function primarily affecting cone neural pathways. Altered visual evoked potential recordings indicated that disease progression affected visual signal processing in the brain. Aside from several small retinal detachment lesions, no gross retinal abnormalities were observed with in vivo ocular imaging and histologically the retinas did not exhibit apparent abnormalities by 23 months of age. However, there was extensive accumulation of autofluorescent membrane-bound lysosomal storage bodies in almost all retinal layers, as well as in the occipital cortex, by 20 months of age. In the retina, storage was particularly pronounced in retinal ganglion cells, the retinal pigment epithelium and in photoreceptor cells just interior to the outer limiting membrane. The visual system pathology of CLN5-affected Golden Retrievers is similar to that seen early in the human disease. It was not possible to follow the dogs to an advanced stage of disease progression due to the severity of behavioral and motor disease signs by 23 months of age. The findings reported here indicate that canine CLN5 disease will be a useful model of visual system disease in CLN5 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. The baseline data obtained in this investigation will be useful in future therapeutic intervention studies. The findings indicate that there is a fairly broad time frame after disease onset within which treatments could be effective in preserving vision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Robinson Kick
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Meiman
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Julianna C Sabol
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | | | - Juri Ota-Kuroki
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Leilani J Castaner
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Cheryl A Jensen
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Martin L Katz
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Shiro Y, Yamashita A, Watanabe K, Yamazaki T. CLN6's luminal tail-mediated functional interference between CLN6 mutants as a novel pathomechanism for the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Biomed Res 2021; 42:129-138. [PMID: 34380921 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.42.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CLN6 (Ceroid Lipofuscinosis, Neuronal, 6) is a 311-amino acid protein spanning the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Mutations in CLN6 are linked to CLN6 disease, a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder categorized into the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. CLN6 disease is an autosomal recessive disorder and individuals affected with this disease have two identical (homozygous) or two distinct (compound heterozygous) CLN6 mutant alleles. Little has been known about CLN6's physiological roles and the disease mechanism. We recently found that CLN6 prevents protein aggregate formation, pointing to impaired CLN6's anti-aggregate activity as a cause for the disease. To comprehensively understand the pathomechanism, overall anti-aggregate activity derived from two different CLN6 mutants needs to be investigated, considering patients compound heterozygous for CLN6 alleles. We focused on mutant combinations involving the S132CfsX18 (132fsX) prematurely terminated protein, produced from the most frequent mutation in CLN6. The 132fsX mutant nullified anti-aggregate activity of the P299L CLN6 missense mutant but not of wild-type CLN6. Wild-type CLN6's resistance to the 132fsX mutant was abolished by replacement of amino acids 297-301, including Pro297 and Pro299, with five alanine residues. Given that removal of CLN6's C-terminal fifteen amino acids 297-311 (luminal tail) did not affect the resistance, we suggested that CLN6's luminal tail, when unleashed from Pro297/299-mediated conformational constraints, is improperly positioned by the 132fsX mutant, thereby blocking the induction of anti- aggregate activity. We here reveal a novel mechanism for dissipating CLN6 mutants' residual functions, providing an explanation for the compound heterozygosity-driven pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Shiro
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Arisa Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Kana Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Tetsuo Yamazaki
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yasa S, Sauvageau E, Modica G, Lefrancois S. CLN5 and CLN3 function as a complex to regulate endolysosome function. Biochem J 2021; 478:2339-2357. [PMID: 34060589 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CLN5 is a soluble endolysosomal protein whose function is poorly understood. Mutations in this protein cause a rare neurodegenerative disease, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL). We previously found that depletion of CLN5 leads to dysfunctional retromer, resulting in the degradation of the lysosomal sorting receptor, sortilin. However, how a soluble lysosomal protein can modulate the function of a cytosolic protein, retromer, is not known. In this work, we show that deletion of CLN5 not only results in retromer dysfunction, but also in impaired endolysosome fusion events. This results in delayed degradation of endocytic proteins and in defective autophagy. CLN5 modulates these various pathways by regulating downstream interactions between CLN3, an endolysosomal integral membrane protein whose mutations also result in NCL, RAB7A, and a subset of RAB7A effectors. Our data support a model where CLN3 and CLN5 function as an endolysosomal complex regulating various functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seda Yasa
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Laval H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Etienne Sauvageau
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Laval H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Graziana Modica
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Laval H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Stephane Lefrancois
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Laval H7V 1B7, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0C7, Canada
- Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal H2X 3Y7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Badura-Stronka M, Winczewska-Wiktor A, Pietrzak A, Hirschfeld AS, Zemojtel T, Wołyńska K, Bednarek-Rajewska K, Seget-Dubaniewicz M, Matheisel A, Latos-Bielenska A, Steinborn B. CLN8 Mutations Presenting with a Phenotypic Continuum of Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis-Literature Review and Case Report. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12070956. [PMID: 34201538 PMCID: PMC8307369 DOI: 10.3390/genes12070956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CLN8 is a ubiquitously expressed membrane-spanning protein that localizes primarily in the ER, with partial localization in the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment. Mutations in CLN8 cause late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (LINCL). We describe a female pediatric patient with LINCL. She exhibited a typical phenotype associated with LINCL, except she did not present spontaneous myoclonus, her symptoms occurrence was slower and developed focal sensory visual seizures. In addition, whole-exome sequencing identified a novel homozygous variant in CLN8, c.531G>T, resulting in p.Trp177Cys. Ultrastructural examination featured abundant lipofuscin deposits within mucosal cells, macrophages, and monocytes. We report a novel CLN8 mutation as a cause for NCL8 in a girl with developmental delay and epilepsy, cerebellar syndrome, visual loss, and progressive cognitive and motor regression. This case, together with an analysis of the available literature, emphasizes the existence of a continuous spectrum of CLN8-associated phenotypes rather than a sharp distinction between them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Badura-Stronka
- Chair and Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-352 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.H.); (K.W.); (A.L.-B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Winczewska-Wiktor
- Chair and Department of Developmental Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (A.W.-W.); (B.S.)
| | - Anna Pietrzak
- Department of Neurology, 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic, 85-681 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Adam Sebastian Hirschfeld
- Chair and Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-352 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.H.); (K.W.); (A.L.-B.)
| | - Tomasz Zemojtel
- BIH Genomics Core Unit, Campus Mitte, Charite University Medicine, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Katarzyna Wołyńska
- Chair and Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-352 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.H.); (K.W.); (A.L.-B.)
| | - Katarzyna Bednarek-Rajewska
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (K.B.-R.); (M.S.-D.)
| | - Monika Seget-Dubaniewicz
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (K.B.-R.); (M.S.-D.)
| | - Agnieszka Matheisel
- Department of Developmental Neurology, Gdansk Medical University, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Anna Latos-Bielenska
- Chair and Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-352 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.H.); (K.W.); (A.L.-B.)
| | - Barbara Steinborn
- Chair and Department of Developmental Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (A.W.-W.); (B.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Iwan K, Clayton R, Mills P, Csanyi B, Gissen P, Mole SE, Palmer DN, Mills K, Heywood WE. Urine proteomics analysis of patients with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. iScience 2021; 24:102020. [PMID: 33532713 PMCID: PMC7822952 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.102020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) are a group of 13 rare neurodegenerative disorders characterized by accumulation of cellular storage bodies. There are few therapeutic options, and existing tests do not monitor disease progression and treatment response. However, urine biomarkers could address this need. Proteomic analysis of CLN2 patient urine revealed activation of immune response pathways and pathways associated with the unfolded protein response. Analysis of CLN5 and CLN6 sheep model urine showed subtle changes. To confirm and investigate the relevance of candidate biomarkers a targeted LC-MS/MS proteomic assay was created. We applied this assay to additional CLN2 samples as well as other patients with NCL (CLN1, CLN3, CLN5, CLN6, and CLN7) and demonstrated that hexosaminidase-A, aspartate aminotransferase-1, and LAMP1 are increased in NCL samples and betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase-1 was specifically increased in patients with CLN2. These proteins could be used to monitor the effectiveness of future therapies aimed at treating systemic NCL disease. The urine proteome is altered in humans and animals with NCL Hexosaminidase A and LAMP1 are increased in patients with NCL Betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 is elevated in CLN2 patients Proteins altered in CLN5 and CLN6 sheep models are not affected in humans
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Iwan
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Robert Clayton
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Philippa Mills
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Paul Gissen
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Sara E Mole
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.,MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - David N Palmer
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Agriculture and Life Sciences Faculty, University Lincoln 7647, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Kevin Mills
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Wendy E Heywood
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mendell JR, Al-Zaidy SA, Rodino-Klapac LR, Goodspeed K, Gray SJ, Kay CN, Boye SL, Boye SE, George LA, Salabarria S, Corti M, Byrne BJ, Tremblay JP. Current Clinical Applications of In Vivo Gene Therapy with AAVs. Mol Ther 2020; 29:464-488. [PMID: 33309881 PMCID: PMC7854298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary diseases are caused by mutations in genes, and more than 7,000 rare diseases affect over 30 million Americans. For more than 30 years, hundreds of researchers have maintained that genetic modifications would provide effective treatments for many inherited human diseases, offering durable and possibly curative clinical benefit with a single treatment. This review is limited to gene therapy using adeno-associated virus (AAV) because the gene delivered by this vector does not integrate into the patient genome and has a low immunogenicity. There are now five treatments approved for commercialization and currently available, i.e., Luxturna, Zolgensma, the two chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapies (Yescarta and Kymriah), and Strimvelis (the gammaretrovirus approved for adenosine deaminase-severe combined immunodeficiency [ADA-SCID] in Europe). Dozens of other treatments are under clinical trials. The review article presents a broad overview of the field of therapy by in vivo gene transfer. We review gene therapy for neuromuscular disorders (spinal muscular atrophy [SMA]; Duchenne muscular dystrophy [DMD]; X-linked myotubular myopathy [XLMTM]; and diseases of the central nervous system, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Canavan disease, aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase [AADC] deficiency, and giant axonal neuropathy), ocular disorders (Leber congenital amaurosis, age-related macular degeneration [AMD], choroideremia, achromatopsia, retinitis pigmentosa, and X-linked retinoschisis), the bleeding disorder hemophilia, and lysosomal storage disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry R Mendell
- Center of Gene Therapy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Kimberly Goodspeed
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Steven J Gray
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Sanford L Boye
- Department of Pediatrics, Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Shannon E Boye
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lindsey A George
- Division of Hematology and the Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie Salabarria
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Manuela Corti
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Barry J Byrne
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Berve K, West BL, Martini R, Groh J. Sex- and region-biased depletion of microglia/macrophages attenuates CLN1 disease in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:323. [PMID: 33115477 PMCID: PMC7594417 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01996-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (CLN diseases) are fatal lysosomal storage diseases causing neurodegeneration in the CNS. We have previously shown that neuroinflammation comprising innate and adaptive immune reactions drives axonal damage and neuron loss in the CNS of palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1-deficient (Ppt1-/-) mice, a model of the infantile form of the diseases (CLN1). Therefore, we here explore whether pharmacological targeting of innate immune cells modifies disease outcome in CLN1 mice. METHODS We applied treatment with PLX3397 (150 ppm in the chow), a potent inhibitor of the colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) to target innate immune cells in CLN1 mice. Experimental long-term treatment was non-invasively monitored by longitudinal optical coherence tomography and rotarod analysis, as well as analysis of visual acuity, myoclonic jerks, and survival. Treatment effects regarding neuroinflammation, neural damage, and neurodegeneration were subsequently analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We show that PLX3397 treatment attenuates neuroinflammation in CLN1 mice by depleting pro-inflammatory microglia/macrophages. This leads to a reduction of T lymphocyte recruitment, an amelioration of axon damage and neuron loss in the retinotectal system, as well as reduced thinning of the inner retina and total brain atrophy. Accordingly, long-term treatment with the inhibitor also ameliorates clinical outcomes in CLN1 mice, such as impaired motor coordination, visual acuity, and myoclonic jerks. However, we detected a sex- and region-biased efficacy of CSF-1R inhibition, with male microglia/macrophages showing higher responsiveness toward depletion, especially in the gray matter of the CNS. This results in a better treatment outcome in male Ppt1-/- mice regarding some histopathological and clinical readouts and reflects heterogeneity of innate immune reactions in the diseased CNS. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate a detrimental impact of innate immune reactions in the CNS of CLN1 mice. These findings provide insights into CLN pathogenesis and may guide in the design of immunomodulatory treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Berve
- Department of Neurology, Section of Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Present address: Theodor-Kocher-Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Rudolf Martini
- Department of Neurology, Section of Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Janos Groh
- Department of Neurology, Section of Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Endosomal Trafficking in Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 40:MCB.00262-20. [PMID: 32690545 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00262-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders of early life, Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder of midlife, while Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder of late life. While they are phenotypically distinct, recent studies suggest that they share a biological pathway, retromer-dependent endosomal trafficking. A retromer is a multimodular protein assembly critical for sorting and trafficking cargo out of the endosome. As a lysosomal storage disease, all 13 of NCL's causative genes affect endolysosomal function, and at least four have been directly linked to retromer. PD has several known causative genes, with one directly linked to retromer and others causing endolysosomal dysfunction. AD has over 25 causative genes/risk factors, with several of them linked to retromer or endosomal trafficking dysfunction. In this article, we summarize the emerging evidence on the association of genes causing NCL with retromer function and endosomal trafficking, review the recent evidence linking NCL genes to AD, and discuss how NCL, AD, and PD converge on a shared molecular pathway. We also discuss this pathway's role in microglia and neurons, cell populations which are critical to proper brain homeostasis and whose dysfunction plays a key role in neurodegeneration.
Collapse
|
30
|
Huber RJ. Molecular networking in the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses: insights from mammalian models and the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:64. [PMID: 32430003 PMCID: PMC7238602 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00653-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), commonly known as Batten disease, belong to a family of neurological disorders that cause blindness, seizures, loss of motor function and cognitive ability, and premature death. There are 13 different subtypes of NCL that are associated with mutations in 13 genetically distinct genes (CLN1-CLN8, CLN10-CLN14). Similar clinical and pathological profiles of the different NCL subtypes suggest that common disease mechanisms may be involved. As a result, there have been many efforts to determine how NCL proteins are connected at the cellular level. A main driving force for NCL research has been the utilization of mammalian and non-mammalian cellular models to study the mechanisms underlying the disease. One non-mammalian model that has provided significant insight into NCL protein function is the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. Accumulated data from Dictyostelium and mammalian cells show that NCL proteins display similar localizations, have common binding partners, and regulate the expression and activities of one another. In addition, genetic models of NCL display similar phenotypes. This review integrates findings from Dictyostelium and mammalian models of NCL to highlight our understanding of the molecular networking of NCL proteins. The goal here is to help set the stage for future work to reveal the cellular mechanisms underlying the NCLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Huber
- Department of Biology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario, K9L 0G2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yamashita A, Shiro Y, Hiraki Y, Yujiri T, Yamazaki T. Implications of graded reductions in CLN6's anti-aggregate activity for the development of the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 525:883-888. [PMID: 32171521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
CLN6, spanning the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, is a protein of unknown function. Mutations in the CLN6 gene are linked to an autosomal recessively inherited disorder termed CLN6 disease, classified as a form of the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL). The pathogenesis of CLN6 disease remains poorly understood due to a lack of information about physiological roles CLN6 plays. We previously demonstrated that CLN6 has the ability to prevent protein aggregate formation, and thus hypothesized that the abrogation of CLN6's anti-aggregate activity underlies the development of CLN6 disease. To test this hypothesis, we narrowed down the region vital for CLN6's anti-aggregate activity, and subsequently investigated if pathogenic mutations within the region attenuate CLN6's anti-aggregate activity toward four aggregation-prone αB-crystallin (αBC) mutants. None of the four αBC mutants was prevented from aggregating by the Arg106ProfsX truncated CLN6 mutant, the human counterpart of the nclf mutant identified in a naturally occurring mouse model of late infantile-onset CLN6 disease. In contrast, the Arg149Cys and the Arg149His CLN6 mutants, both associated with adult-onset CLN6 disease, blocked aggregation of two out of and all of the four αBC mutants, respectively, indicating that CLN6's anti-aggregate activity is differentially modulated according to the substitution pattern at the same amino acid position. Collectively, we here propose that the graded reduction in CLN6's anti-aggregate activity governs the clinical course of late infantile- and adult-onset NCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arisa Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Yuki Shiro
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Yuri Hiraki
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Yujiri
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yamazaki
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Darios F, Stevanin G. Impairment of Lysosome Function and Autophagy in Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:2714-2734. [PMID: 32145221 PMCID: PMC7232018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rare genetic diseases affect a limited number of patients, but their etiology is often known, facilitating the development of reliable animal models and giving the opportunity to investigate physiopathology. Lysosomal storage disorders are a group of rare diseases due to primary alteration of lysosome function. These diseases are often associated with neurological symptoms, which highlighted the importance of lysosome in neurodegeneration. Likewise, other groups of rare neurodegenerative diseases also present lysosomal alteration. Lysosomes fuse with autophagosomes and endosomes to allow the degradation of their content thanks to hydrolytic enzymes. It has emerged that alteration of the autophagy–lysosome pathway could play a critical role in neuronal death in many neurodegenerative diseases. Using a repertoire of selected rare neurodegenerative diseases, we highlight that a variety of alterations of the autophagy–lysosome pathway are associated with neuronal death. Yet, in most cases, it is still unclear why alteration of this pathway can lead to neurodegeneration. Lysosome function is impaired in many rare neurodegenerative diseases, making it a convergent point for these diseases. Impaired lysosome function is associated with alteration of the autophagy pathway. Autophagy–lysosome pathway can be impaired at various steps in different rare neurodegenerative diseases. The mechanisms linking impaired autophagy–lysosome pathway to neurodegeneration are still not fully elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Darios
- Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France; Inserm, U1127, F-75013 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France.
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France; Inserm, U1127, F-75013 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France; PSL Research University, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Laboratoire de Neurogénétique, F-75013 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|