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Kendall A, Byron JK, Westropp JL, Coates JR, Vaden S, Adin C, Oetelaar G, Bartges JW, Foster JD, Adams LG, Olby N, Berent A. ACVIM consensus statement on diagnosis and management of urinary incontinence in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:878-903. [PMID: 38217372 PMCID: PMC10937496 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Urinary incontinence (UI) is a disorder of micturition that can occur in dogs of any age, sex, and breed depending on the underlying cause and time of onset. Diagnosis and treatment for various causes of UI in dogs have been described by multiple comprehensive single author review articles, but large prospective clinical trials comparing treatment outcomes in veterinary medicine are lacking. The objectives of this consensus statement therefore are to provide guidelines on both recommended diagnostic testing and treatment for various causes of UI in dogs. Specifically, pathophysiology directly related to the canine urinary system will be reviewed and diagnostic and therapeutic challenges will be addressed. A panel of 12 experts in the field (8 small animal internists [L. Adams, J. Bartges, A. Berent, J. Byron, J. Foster, A. Kendall, S. Vaden, J. Westropp], 2 neurologists [J. Coates, N. Olby], 1 radiologist [G. Oetelaar], and 1 surgeon [C. Adin]) was formed to assess and summarize evidence in the peer-reviewed literature and to complement it with consensus recommendations using the Delphi method. Some statements were not voted on by all panelists. This consensus statement aims to provide guidance for management of both male and female dogs with underlying storage or voiding disorders resulting in UI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Kendall
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesNC State University College of Veterinary MedicineRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Julie K. Byron
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesThe Ohio State University College of Veterinary MedicineColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Jodi L. Westropp
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and EpidemiologyUniversity of CADavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Joan R. Coates
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Missouri College of Veterinary MedicineColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Shelly Vaden
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesNC State University College of Veterinary MedicineRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Chris Adin
- Department of Small Animal Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, University of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Garrett Oetelaar
- VCA Canada Calgary Animal Referral and Emergency (CARE) CentreCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Joe W. Bartges
- College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Larry G. Adams
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesPurdue University College of Veterinary MedicineWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Natasha Olby
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesNC State University College of Veterinary MedicineRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Allyson Berent
- Service of Interventional Radiology and Interventional EndoscopyAnimal Medical CenterNew York CityNew YorkUSA
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Pfeiffer P, Coates JR, Esqueda YM, Kennedy A, Getchell K, McLenon M, Kosa E, Agbas A. Exosomal TAR DNA binding protein 43 profile in canine model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a preliminary study in developing blood-based biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases. Ann Med 2023; 55:34-41. [PMID: 36495266 PMCID: PMC9746620 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2153162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Blood-based biomarkers provide a crucial information in the progress of neurodegenerative diseases with a minimally invasive sampling method. Validated blood-based biomarker application in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis would derive numerous benefits. Canine degenerative myelopathy is a naturally occurring animal disease model to study the biology of human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Serum derived exosomes are potential carriers for cell-specific cargoes making them ideal venue to study biomarkers for a variety of diseases and biological processes. This study assessed the exosomal proteins that may be assigned as surrogate biomarker that may reflect biochemical changes in the central nervous system. METHODS Exosomes were isolated from canine serum using commercial exosome isolation reagents. Exosomes target proteins contents were analyzed by the Western blotting method. RESULTS The profiles of potential biomarker candidates in spinal cord homogenate and that of serum-derived exosomes were found elevated in dogs with degenerative myelopathy as compared to control subjects. CONCLUSIONS Serum-derived exosomal biomolecules can serve as surrogate biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases.KEY MESSAGESA canine with degenerative myelopathy can serve as a model animal to study human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Serum-derived exosomes contain Transactive Response DNA Binding Protein 43 (TDP-43), a potential biomarker candidate.The levels of spinal cord TDP-43 proteins and that of serum-derived exosomes exhibited similar profiling. Therefore, serum derived exosomes may be used as a venue for establishing blood-based biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Edina Kosa
- Kansas City University, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Abdulbaki Agbas
- Kansas City University, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Heartland Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Bouché TV, Coates JR, Moore SA, Faissler D, Rishniw M, Olby NJ. Diagnosis and management of dogs with degenerative myelopathy: A survey of neurologists and rehabilitation professionals. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:1815-1820. [PMID: 37606360 PMCID: PMC10472985 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antemortem diagnosis of degenerative myelopathy (DM) in dogs is presumptive and there are no accepted guidelines for the management of this condition. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES Describe current practices of neurology clinicians and physical rehabilitation professionals in the diagnosis and management of DM. ANIMALS None. METHODS Online surveys examining diagnosis and management of DM were constructed and distributed via neurology and rehabilitation listservs. RESULTS One hundred ninety neurology and 79 rehabilitation professionals from 20 countries participated. Most neurology (142/189) and rehabilitation (23/39) respondents required genetic testing for the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mutation and 82/189 neurologists also required spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for presumptive DM diagnosis. Most neurology respondents recommended exercise (187/190) and physical rehabilitation (184/190). Over 50% (102/190) of neurology respondents perform rechecks on dogs diagnosed with DM. Rehabilitation respondents reported preservation or improvement of strength (78/79) and coordination (77/79) as therapeutic goals. At-home exercises (75/79), underwater treadmill (64/79), gait training (55/79), and strength building exercises (65/79) were used to maintain strength (58/79), coordination (56/79), muscle mass (56/79), and improve overall wellbeing (54/79). Neurology respondents reported that owners elect euthanasia when dogs become nonambulatory paraparetic whereas rehabilitation respondents report euthanasia when paraplegia and incontinence develop. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The majority of dogs diagnosed with DM have not undergone advanced imaging, the combination of history, neurological findings, and genetic testing is heavily relied upon. Whereas the diagnosis of DM is frequently made by veterinary neurologists, continued care is often performed by rehabilitation professionals or primary veterinarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teryn V. Bouché
- Department of Clinical SciencesNorth Carolina State University College of Veterinary MedicineRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Joan R. Coates
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and SurgeryCollege of Veterinary Medicine, University of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Sarah A. Moore
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Dominik Faissler
- Department of Clinical SciencesCummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts UniversityNorth GraftonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Mark Rishniw
- Department of Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Natasha J. Olby
- Department of Clinical SciencesNorth Carolina State University College of Veterinary MedicineRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
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De New KM, Coates JR, Wellehan J, Gull T, Childress A, Anderson MN, Royal AB. Mycobacterium haemophilum infection in canine cerebrospinal fluid. Vet Clin Pathol 2023. [PMID: 36931892 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
A 4-year-old female spayed Australian cattle dog was presented to the Emergency Service at the University of Missouri Veterinary Health Center Small Animal Hospital for generalized pain and lethargy. At presentation, the dog showed severe cervical spinal pain and thoracic limb deficits consistent with a multifocal neuroanatomic localization. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine revealed T2 and T1 postcontrast intense signal extending from the level of the medulla through C5 most marked in the caudal brainstem and cranial cervical spinal cord. The suspected diagnosis was severe meningoencephalomyelitis and secondary edema. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from the cerebellomedullary cistern revealed a marked mixed pleocytosis with intralesional structures morphologically consistent with Mycobacterium sp. Standard DNA PCR assay performed on the CSF yielded the presence of Mycobacterium haemophilum. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of CNS mycobacteriosis diagnosed on CSF analysis in a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jim Wellehan
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Tamara Gull
- University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Verga SA, Pandeya SR, Kowal JB, Cochran RJ, Lim S, Sabol JC, Coates JR, Rutkove SB. Electrical impedance myography in healthy dogs: Normative values, repeatability, and the impact of age. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1025528. [PMID: 36619959 PMCID: PMC9811316 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1025528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Convenient tools to assess canine skeletal muscle health would be useful for a variety of applications, including standard veterinary assessments of dog fitness, as well as studies of muscle deterioration due to age or disease. One technology that can be applied conveniently to awake dogs with minimal restraint is electrical impedance myography (EIM). In EIM, a weak electrical current is applied via surface electrodes to a muscle of interest and consequent impedance characteristics of the muscle are obtained, providing insight into muscle condition and composition. In this study, we assessed a total of 73 dogs (42 males and 31 females), of varied neutering status and breed, ages 0.6 to 13.5 years. We identified age-dependent reference values for the 100 kHz phase value in three pelvic limb muscles, caudal sartorius, cranial tibial, and gastrocnemius. While phase values were generally higher in males than females, the difference did not reach significance. In general, values declined on average with age at about 0.5 degrees/year, but with the decline being most substantial in the oldest dogs. Limited reproducibility assessment of the technique suggested good repeatability with variation in values between measurements being under 5%. These results show that EIM has the potential for the assessment of canine muscle health and may find value in aging muscle research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Verga
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sarbesh R. Pandeya
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joseph B. Kowal
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Randall J. Cochran
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Stefanie Lim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Julianna C. Sabol
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Joan R. Coates
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Seward B. Rutkove
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Seward B. Rutkove
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Jaffey JA, Bullock G, Guo J, Mhlanga-Mutangadura T, O’Brien DP, Coates JR, Morrissey R, Hutchison R, Donnelly KS, Cohn LA, Katz ML, Johnson GS. Novel Homozygous ADAMTS2 Variants and Associated Disease Phenotypes in Dogs with Dermatosparactic Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:2158. [PMID: 36421833 PMCID: PMC9690363 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue fragility, skin hyperextensibility and joint hypermobility are defining characteristics of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS). Human EDS is subclassified into fourteen types including dermatosparactic EDS, characterized by extreme skin fragility and caused by biallelic ADAMTS2 mutations. We report two novel, ADAMTS2 variants in DNA from EDS-affected dogs. Separate whole-genome sequences from a Pit Bull Terrier and an Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldog each contained a rare, homozygous variant (11:2280117delC, CanFam3.1), predicted to produce a frameshift in the transcript from the first coding ADAMTS2 exon (c.10delC) and a severely truncated protein product, p.(Pro4ArgfsTer175). The clinical features of these dogs and 4 others with the same homozygous deletion included multifocal wounds, atrophic scars, joint hypermobility, narrowed palpebral fissures, skin hyperextensibility, and joint-associated swellings. Due to severe skin fragility, the owners of all 6 dogs elected euthanasia before the dogs reached 13 weeks of age. Cross sections of collagen fibrils in post-mortem dermal tissues from 2 of these dogs showed hieroglyphic-like figures similar to those from cases of severe dermatosparaxis in other species. The whole-genome sequence from an adult Catahoula Leopard Dog contained a homozygous ADAMTS2 missense mutation, [11:2491238G>A; p.(Arg966His)]. This dog exhibited multifocal wounds, atrophic scars, and joint hypermobility, but has survived for at least 9 years. This report expands the spectrum of clinical features of the canine dermatosparactic subtype of EDS and illustrates the potential utility of subclassifying canine EDS by the identity of gene harboring the causal variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared A. Jaffey
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Garrett Bullock
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Juyuan Guo
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Tendai Mhlanga-Mutangadura
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Dennis P. O’Brien
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Joan R. Coates
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | | | - Robert Hutchison
- Animal Clinic Northview, 36400 Center Ridge Rd., North Ridgeville, OH 44039, USA
| | - Kevin S. Donnelly
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Leah A. Cohn
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Martin L. Katz
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Gary S. Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Kowal JB, Verga SA, Pandeya SR, Cochran RJ, Sabol JC, Rutkove SB, Coates JR. Electrical Impedance Myography in Dogs With Degenerative Myelopathy. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:874277. [PMID: 35711791 PMCID: PMC9196121 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.874277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine degenerative myelopathy (DM) leads to disuse and neurogenic muscle atrophy. Currently there is a lack of non-invasive quantitative measures of muscle health in dogs with DM. Muscle pathology has been previously quantified in other disorders using the technique of electrical impedance myography (EIM) but it has not been reported for DM. The objective of this study was to compare EIM between DM-affected and similar aged healthy dogs as well as assess EIM changes over time in DM-affected dogs. Multifrequency EIM was performed on DM affected dogs at baseline and during disease progression and on age-matched healthy dogs. Muscles evaluated in the pelvic limbs included the craniotibialis, gastrocnemius, gracilis, sartorius, and biceps femoris. The 100 kHz phase angle was extracted from the full frequency set for analysis. Phase values were lower in DM dogs as compared to healthy controls. Specifically, phase of the gastrocnemius was lower on the left (θ = 7.69, 13.06; p =0.002) and right (θ= 6.11, 11.72; p = 0.001) in DM vs. control dogs, respectively. The mean phase value of all measured muscles was also lower on the left (θ = 9.24, 11.62; p = 0.012) and right (θ = 9.18, 11.72; p = 0.021). Other individual muscles measured did not reach statistical significance, although values were consistently lower in DM-affected dogs. With disease progression, downward trends in phase values were detected in DM-affected dogs when monitored serially over time. This study demonstrates that EIM 100 kHz phase values are sensitive to muscle pathology in DM and that phase values are decreased in dogs with DM. Measurements from the gastrocnemius muscle show the greatest differences from similar aged healthy dogs suggesting it may be the preferred muscle for future EIM studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B. Kowal
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Joseph B. Kowal
| | - Sarah A. Verga
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sarbesh R. Pandeya
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Randall J. Cochran
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Julianna C. Sabol
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Seward B. Rutkove
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joan R. Coates
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
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De New KM, Coates JR, Millman Z, Kim DY, Hong HP, Royal AB. What is your diagnosis? Spinal mass in a young dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2022; 52 Suppl 2:97-99. [PMID: 35524292 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Meiman EJ, Kick GR, Jensen CA, Coates JR, Katz ML. Characterization of neurological disease progression in a canine model of CLN5 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Dev Neurobiol 2022; 82:326-344. [PMID: 35427439 PMCID: PMC9119968 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Golden Retriever dogs with a frameshift variant in CLN5 (c.934_935delAG) suffer from a progressive neurodegenerative disorder analogous to the CLN5 form of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL). Five littermate puppies homozygous for the deletion allele were identified prior to the onset of disease signs. Studies were performed to characterize the onset and progression of the disease in these dogs. Neurological signs that included restlessness, unwillingness to cooperate with the handlers, and proprioceptive deficits first became apparent at approximately 12 months of age. The neurological signs progressed over time and by 21 to 23 months of age included general proprioceptive ataxia, menace response deficits, aggressive behaviors, cerebellar ataxia, intention tremors, decreased visual tracking, seizures, cognitive decline, and impaired prehension. Due to the severity of these signs, the dogs were euthanized between 21 and 23 months of age. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed pronounced progressive global brain atrophy with a more than sevenfold increase in the volume of the ventricular system between 9.5 and 22.5 months of age. Accompanying this atrophy were pronounced accumulations of autofluorescent inclusions throughout the brain and spinal cord. Ultrastructurally, the contents of these inclusions were found to consist primarily of membrane‐like aggregates. Inclusions with similar fluorescence properties were present in cardiac muscle. Similar to other forms of NCL, the affected dogs had low plasma carnitine concentrations, suggesting impaired carnitine biosynthesis. These data on disease progression will be useful in future studies using the canine model for therapeutic intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Meiman
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Grace Robinson Kick
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Laboratory University of Missouri Columbia MO 65212 USA
| | - Cheryl A. Jensen
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Laboratory University of Missouri Columbia MO 65212 USA
| | - Joan R. Coates
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Martin L. Katz
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Laboratory University of Missouri Columbia MO 65212 USA
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Ierardi RA, Anderson MN, Bryan JN, Matheson JS, Sample SH, Coates JR. Epidural myelolipoma in a Silken Windhound. Vet Clin Pathol 2022; 51:422-425. [PMID: 35288963 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A 12-year-old female spayed, Silken Windhound dog was presented with a 3-month history of lethargy and cervical and lumbosacral spinal pain. No significant abnormalities were noted on CBC or serum biochemical assays. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine demonstrated a soft tissue mass within the ventral and right epidural space at the level of the L7 vertebra. During surgery, a pale brown mass was identified within the epidural fat. Cytologic and histopathologic examinations demonstrated that the mass was composed of adipose tissue and hematopoietic elements, consistent with a myelolipoma. The lumbosacral spinal pain resolved after surgery. Epidural myelolipomas are rarely reported in the human and veterinary literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie A Ierardi
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Melanie N Anderson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Health Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Bryan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Health Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jodi S Matheson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Health Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Saundra H Sample
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Joan R Coates
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Health Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Lewis MJ, Shomper JL, Williamson BG, Vansteenkiste DP, Bibi KF, Lim SHY, Kowal JB, Coates JR. Brain diffusion tensor imaging in dogs with degenerative myelopathy. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:2342-2349. [PMID: 34410026 PMCID: PMC8478048 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Degenerative myelopathy (DM) in dogs shares similarities with superoxide dismutase 1-associated human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Brain microstructural lesions are quantified using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in ALS patients. OBJECTIVE Characterize brain neurodegenerative changes in DM-affected dogs using DTI. ANIMALS Sixteen DM-affected and 8 control dogs. METHODS Prospective observational study. Brain DTI was performed at baseline and every 3 months on DM-affected dogs and compared to controls. Fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity were calculated on specified regions of interest. Gait scores (0, normal to 14, tetraplegia) were assigned at each scan. Diffusion tensor imaging values in DM-affected dogs were compared to controls, gait scores, and evaluated over time. RESULTS Mean age was 5.7 years (SD 3.2) in controls and 9.7 years (SD 1.4) in DM-affected dogs. In DM-affected dogs, mean baseline gait score was 4 (SD 1), and mean score change from baseline to last scan was 4.82 (SD 2.67). Nine dogs had ≤3 scans; 7 had >3 scans. Accounting for age, no differences in DTI indices were identified for any brain or proximal spinal cord regions between DM-affected dogs and controls (P > .05). Diffusion tensor imaging values poorly correlated with gait scores (R2 < .2). No significant changes were identified in diffusion indices over time (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Diffusion tensor imaging indices did not differentiate DM-affected from control dogs, detect longitudinal changes, or differentiate disease severity. Findings do not yet support brain DTI as an imaging biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J. Lewis
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Jeremy L. Shomper
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Missouri, College of Veterinary MedicineColumbiaMOUSA
| | - Baye G. Williamson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Missouri, College of Veterinary MedicineColumbiaMOUSA
| | - Daniella P. Vansteenkiste
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Missouri, College of Veterinary MedicineColumbiaMOUSA
| | - Katherine F. Bibi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Missouri, College of Veterinary MedicineColumbiaMOUSA
| | - Stefanie H. Y. Lim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Missouri, College of Veterinary MedicineColumbiaMOUSA
| | - Joseph B. Kowal
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Missouri, College of Veterinary MedicineColumbiaMOUSA
| | - Joan R. Coates
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Missouri, College of Veterinary MedicineColumbiaMOUSA
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Anderson LM, Fox DB, Chesney KL, Coates JR, Torres BT, Lyons LA. Skeletal Manifestations of Heritable Disproportionate Dwarfism in Cats as Determined by Radiography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2021; 34:327-337. [PMID: 34082456 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1730355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to characterize the radiographic alignment of thoracic and pelvic limbs and evaluate for intervertebral disc disease in cats with feline disproportionate dwarfism (FDD). STUDY DESIGN Observational cross-sectional study. Radiographic joint orientation angles were measured in 10 thoracic and pelvic limbs from 5 FDD cats and compared with those angles measured in 24 thoracic limbs and 100 pelvic limbs from skeletally normal cats. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine was performed in 2 FDD cats for the evaluation of pathology of the intervertebral discs or vertebrae. RESULTS All limbs from FDD cats possessed deformities. FDD humeri demonstrated procurvatum proximally, and recurvatum distally in the sagittal plane, but showed no difference in the frontal plane. FDD radii possessed excessive recurvatum proximally, and procurvatum distally in the sagittal plane, and varus proximally and valgus distally in the frontal plane. Whereas no torsion was discernible in the humeri, all radii had external torsion. In the frontal plane, FDD femurs exhibited varus both proximally and distally whereas the tibia possessed proximal valgus and distal varus. No torsion in the pelvic limbs was observed. No spinal pathology was detected in the FDD cats included in the original study. CONCLUSION Feline disproportionate dwarfism results in significant appendicular deformity in all limbs. The incidence of intervertebral disc degeneration in FDD cats is inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Anderson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Derek B Fox
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Kari L Chesney
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Joan R Coates
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Bryan T Torres
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Leslie A Lyons
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
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Moore SA, McCleary-Wheeler A, Coates JR, Olby N, London C. A CTSA One Health Alliance (COHA) survey of clinical trial infrastructure in North American veterinary institutions. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:90. [PMID: 33632219 PMCID: PMC7905595 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02795-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While a necessary step toward enhancing rigor and reproducibility of veterinary clinical trials conducted on the translational spectrum includes understanding the current state of the field, no broad assessment of existing veterinary clinical trial resources has been previously conducted. Funded by a CTSA One Health Alliance (COHA) pilot award, the goal of this project was to conduct an electronic survey of North American Veterinary Colleges regarding practices in veterinary clinical trial review, approval, conduct, and support in order to identify opportunities to leverage existing resources and develop new ones to enhance the impact of veterinary and translational health research.A total of 30 institutions were invited to participate in the survey and the survey response rate was 73 %. The most common source of funding noted for veterinary clinical research was industry (33 %); however, respondents reported that only 5 % (3.7-11.0) of studies were FDA-regulated. Respondents indicated that most studies (80 %); conducted at their institution were single site studies. Study review and approval involved the IACUC either solely, or in combination with a hospital review board, at 95.5 % of institutions. Workforce training related to clinical research best practices was variable across institutions. Opportunities were identified to strengthen infrastructure through harmonization of clinical research review and approval practices. This might naturally lead to expansion of multi-site studies. Based on respondent feedback, future workforce development initiatives might center on training in the specifics of conducting FDA-sponsored research, Good Clinical Practice (GCP), clinical study budget design, grants management, adverse event reporting, study monitoring and use of electronic data capture platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Moore
- Comparative and Translational Medicine Program, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, USA.
| | | | - Joan R Coates
- Columbia College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | - Natasha Olby
- North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, USA
| | - Cheryl London
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Medford, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the salaries of certified veterinary technicians with an associate's degree to those with a bachelor's or a master's degree. SAMPLE 1,289 credentialed veterinary technicians in the United States. PROCEDURES Credentialed veterinary technicians were asked to complete an online questionnaire in the fall of 2018 administered by veterinary technician associations and accredited veterinary technology institutions. Additional links to the survey were published on various social media sources. RESULTS Mean ± SD hourly pay rate for all respondents was $20.24 ± 6.33. Weighted mean pay rate for those with an associate's degree was $19.93, with a bachelor's degree was $22.37, and with a master's degree was $27.55. Factors positively influencing veterinary technician salary were years of experience as a licensed veterinary technician, level of education, gender, veterinary technician specialist certification, and years worked for current employer. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Years of experience as a licensed veterinary technician, level of education, gender, veterinary technician specialist certification, and years with current employer affected pay rate for credentialed veterinary technicians in the United States.
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Toedebusch CM, Garcia VB, Snyder JC, Jones MR, Schulz DJ, Johnson GC, Villalón E, Coates JR, Garcia ML. Lumbar spinal cord microglia exhibited increased activation in aging dogs compared with young adult dogs. GeroScience 2019; 42:169-182. [PMID: 31828496 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00133-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered microglia function contributes to loss of CNS homeostasis during aging in the brain. Few studies have evaluated age-related alterations in spinal cord microglia. We previously demonstrated that lumbar spinal cord microglial expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was equivalent between aging, neurologically normal dogs and dogs with canine degenerative myelopathy (Toedebusch et al. 2018, Mol Cell Neurosci. 88, 148-157). This unexpected finding suggested that microglia in aging spinal cord have a pro-inflammatory polarization. In this study, we reexamined our microglial results (Toedebusch et al. 2018, Mol Cell Neurosci. 88, 148-157) within the context of aging rather than disease by comparing microglia in aging versus young adult dogs. For both aging and young adult dogs, the density of microglia was significantly higher closest to the motor neuron cell body. However, there was no difference in densities between aging versus young adult dogs at all distances except for the furthest distance analyzed. The number of motor neurons with polarized microglia was higher in aging dogs; yet, the density per motor neuron of arginase-1-expressing microglia was reduced in aging dogs compared with young adult dogs. Finally, aging dogs had increased steady-state mRNA levels for genes consistent with activated microglia compared with young adult dogs. However, altered mRNA levels were limited to the lumbar spinal cord. These data suggested that aging dog spinal cord microglia exhibit regional immunophenotypic differences, which may render lumbar motor neurons more susceptible to age-related pathological insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Toedebusch
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, 2112 Tupper Hall, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Virginia B Garcia
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Missouri, 612 Hitt St, 117 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - John C Snyder
- Department of Statistics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Maria R Jones
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Missouri, 1200 University Avenue, 209A LeFevre Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - David J Schulz
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Missouri, 612 Hitt St, 117 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Gayle C Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery University of Missouri, 800 E Campus Dr., Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Eric Villalón
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Missouri, 1200 University Avenue, 209A LeFevre Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Joan R Coates
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery University of Missouri, 800 E Campus Dr., Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Michael L Garcia
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Missouri, 1200 University Avenue, 209A LeFevre Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Charalambous M, Volk HA, Tipold A, Erath J, Huenerfauth E, Gallucci A, Gandini G, Hasegawa D, Pancotto T, Rossmeisl JH, Platt S, De Risio L, Coates JR, Musteata M, Tirrito F, Cozzi F, Porcarelli L, Corlazzoli D, Cappello R, Vanhaesebrouck A, Broeckx BJG, Van Ham L, Bhatti SFM. Comparison of intranasal versus intravenous midazolam for management of status epilepticus in dogs: A multi-center randomized parallel group clinical study. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:2709-2717. [PMID: 31580527 PMCID: PMC6872604 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The intranasal (IN) route for rapid drug administration in patients with brain disorders, including status epilepticus, has been investigated. Status epilepticus is an emergency, and the IN route offers a valuable alternative to other routes, especially when these fail. Objectives To compare IN versus IV midazolam (MDZ) at the same dosage (0.2 mg/kg) for controlling status epilepticus in dogs. Animals Client‐owned dogs (n = 44) with idiopathic epilepsy, structural epilepsy, or epilepsy of unknown origin manifesting as status epilepticus. Methods Randomized parallel group clinical trial. Patients were randomly allocated to the IN‐MDZ (n = 21) or IV‐MDZ (n = 23) group. Number of successfully treated cases (defined as seizure cessation within 5 minutes and lasting for ≥10 minutes), seizure cessation time, and adverse effects were recorded. Comparisons were performed using the Fisher's exact and Wilcoxon rank sum tests with statistical significance set at α < .05. Results IN‐MDZ and IV‐MDZ successfully stopped status epilepticus in 76% and 61% of cases, respectively (P = .34). The median seizure cessation time was 33 and 64 seconds for IN‐MDZ and IV‐MDZ, respectively (P = .63). When the time to place an IV catheter was taken into account, IN‐MDZ (100 seconds) was superior (P = .04) to IV‐MDZ (270 seconds). Sedation and ataxia were seen in 88% and 79% of the dogs treated with IN‐MDZ and IV‐MDZ, respectively. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Both routes are quick, safe, and effective for controlling status epilepticus. However, the IN route demonstrated superiority when the time needed to place an IV catheter was taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Charalambous
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Holger A Volk
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Tipold
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Johannes Erath
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Enrice Huenerfauth
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antonella Gallucci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gualtiero Gandini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daisuke Hasegawa
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Theresa Pancotto
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - John H Rossmeisl
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Simon Platt
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Luisa De Risio
- Small Animal Referral Centre, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, United Kingdom
| | - Joan R Coates
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Mihai Musteata
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | | | | | | | | | | | - An Vanhaesebrouck
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bart J G Broeckx
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Ham
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sofie F M Bhatti
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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17
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Osman KL, Kohlberg S, Mok A, Brooks R, Lind LA, McCormack K, Ferreira A, Kadosh M, Fagan MK, Bearce E, Nichols NL, Coates JR, Lever TE. Optimizing the Translational Value of Mouse Models of ALS for Dysphagia Therapeutic Discovery. Dysphagia 2019; 35:343-359. [PMID: 31300881 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-019-10034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to compare dysphagia phenotypes in low and high copy number (LCN and HCN) transgenic superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mouse models of ALS to accelerate the discovery of novel and effective treatments for dysphagia and early amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) diagnosis. Clinicopathological features of dysphagia were characterized in individual transgenic mice and age-matched controls utilizing videofluoroscopy in conjunction with postmortem assays of the tongue and hypoglossal nucleus. Quantitative PCR accurately differentiated HCN-SOD1 and LCN-SOD1 mice and nontransgenic controls. All HCN-SOD1 mice developed stereotypical paralysis in both hindlimbs. In contrast, LCN-SOD1 mice displayed wide variability in fore- and hindlimb involvement. Lick rate, swallow rate, inter-swallow interval, and pharyngeal transit time were significantly altered in both HCN-SOD1 and LCN-SOD1 mice compared to controls. Tongue weight, tongue dorsum surface area, total tongue length, and caudal tongue length were significantly reduced only in the LCN-SOD1 mice compared to age-matched controls. LCN-SOD1 mice with lower body weights had smaller/lighter weight tongues, and those with forelimb paralysis and slower lick rates died at a younger age. LCN-SOD1 mice had a 32% loss of hypoglossal neurons, which differed significantly when compared to age-matched control mice. These novel findings for LCN-SOD1 mice are congruent with reported dysphagia and associated tongue atrophy and hypoglossal nucleus pathology in human ALS patients, thus highlighting the translational potential of this mouse model in ALS research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Osman
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, One Hospital Dr. MA314, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Sabrina Kohlberg
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, One Hospital Dr. MA314, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Alexis Mok
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, One Hospital Dr. MA314, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Ryan Brooks
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, One Hospital Dr. MA314, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Lori A Lind
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Katelyn McCormack
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, One Hospital Dr. MA314, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Andries Ferreira
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, One Hospital Dr. MA314, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Matan Kadosh
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, One Hospital Dr. MA314, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Mary K Fagan
- Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of Missouri School of Health Professions, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bearce
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, One Hospital Dr. MA314, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Nicole L Nichols
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Joan R Coates
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Teresa E Lever
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, One Hospital Dr. MA314, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA. .,Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of Missouri School of Health Professions, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Golubczyk D, Malysz-Cymborska I, Kalkowski L, Janowski M, Coates JR, Wojtkiewicz J, Maksymowicz W, Walczak P. The Role of Glia in Canine Degenerative Myelopathy: Relevance to Human Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:5740-5748. [PMID: 30674036 PMCID: PMC6614142 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons and grim prognosis. Over the last decade, studies on neurodegenerative diseases pointed on the role of glia in supporting the proper function of neurons. Particularly, oligodendrocytes were shown to be essential through myelin production and supplying axons with energy metabolites via monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). We have used dogs with naturally occurring degenerative myelopathy (DM) which closely resembles features observed in human ALS. We have performed two types of analysis of spinal cord tissue samples: histology and molecular analysis. Histology included samples collected from dogs that succumbed to the DM at different disease stages, which were compared to age-matched controls as well as put in the context of young spinal cords. Molecular analysis was performed on spinal cords with advanced DM and age-matched samples and included real-time PCR analysis of selected gene products related to the function of neurons, oligodendrocytes, myelin, and MCT. Demyelination has been detected in dogs with DM through loss of eriochrome staining and decreased expression of genes related to myelin including MBP, Olig1, and Olig2. The prominent reduction of MCT1 and MCT2 and increased MCT4 expression is indicative of disturbed energy supply to neurons. While Rbfox3 expression was not altered, the ChAT production was negatively affected. DM in dogs reproduces main features of human ALS including loss of motor neurons, dysregulation of energy supply to neurons, and loss of myelin, and as such is an ideal model system for highly translational studies on therapeutic approaches for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Golubczyk
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Izabela Malysz-Cymborska
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Lukasz Kalkowski
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of NeuroRepair, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joan R Coates
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Joanna Wojtkiewicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Wojciech Maksymowicz
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Piotr Walczak
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland. .,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Toedebusch CM, Snyder JC, Jones MR, Garcia VB, Johnson GC, Villalón EL, Coates JR, Garcia ML. Arginase-1 expressing microglia in close proximity to motor neurons were increased early in disease progression in canine degenerative myelopathy, a model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 88:148-157. [PMID: 29408267 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxicity within superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1)-associated familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is non-cell autonomous with direct contribution from microglia. Microglia exhibit variable expression of neuroprotective and neurotoxic molecules throughout disease progression. The mechanisms regulating microglial phenotype within ALS are not well understood. This work presents a first study to examine the specific microglial phenotypic response in close association to motor neurons in a naturally occurring disease model of ALS, canine degenerative myelopathy (DM). Microglia closely associated with motor neurons were increased in all stages of DM progression, although only DM Late reached statistical significance. Furthermore, the number of arginase-1 expressing microglia per motor neuron were significantly increased in early stages of DM, whereas the number of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-expressing microglia per motor neuron was indistinguishable from aged controls at all stages of disease. Fractalkine, a chemotactic molecule for microglia, was expressed in motor neurons, and the fractalkine receptor was specifically localized to microglia. However, we found no correlation between microglial response and lumbar spinal cord fractalkine levels. Taken together, these data suggest that arginase-1-expressing microglia are recruited to the motor neuron early in DM disease through a fractalkine-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Toedebusch
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, 900 E Campus Dr., Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Bond Life Sciences Center, 1201 E. Rollins St., Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - John C Snyder
- Department of Statistics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Maria R Jones
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Bond Life Sciences Center, 1201 E. Rollins St., Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Virginia B Garcia
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Bond Life Sciences Center, 1201 E. Rollins St., Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, LeFevre Hall, 1200 University Avenue, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Gayle C Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, 800 E. Campus Loop, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Eric L Villalón
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Bond Life Sciences Center, 1201 E. Rollins St., Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Joan R Coates
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, 900 E Campus Dr., Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Michael L Garcia
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Bond Life Sciences Center, 1201 E. Rollins St., Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, LeFevre Hall, 1200 University Avenue, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Tanaka T, Boddepalli RS, Miller DC, Cao Z, Sindhwani V, Coates JR, Govindarajan R, Litofsky NS. Electrodiagnostic and Advanced Neuroimaging Characterization for Successful Treatment of Spinal Extradural Arachnoid Cyst. World Neurosurg 2018; 109:298-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Katz ML, Rustad E, Robinson GO, Whiting REH, Student JT, Coates JR, Narfstrom K. Canine neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses: Promising models for preclinical testing of therapeutic interventions. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 108:277-287. [PMID: 28860089 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are devastating inherited progressive neurodegenerative diseases, with most forms having a childhood onset of clinical signs. The NCLs are characterized by progressive cognitive and motor decline, vision loss, seizures, respiratory and swallowing impairment, and ultimately premature death. Different forms of NCL result from mutations in at least 13 genes. The clinical signs of some forms overlap significantly, so genetic testing is the only way to definitively determine which form an individual patient suffers from. At present, an effective treatment is available for only one form of NCL. Evidence of NCL has been documented in over 20 canine breeds and in mixed-breed dogs. To date, 12 mutations in 8 different genes orthologous to the human NCL genes have been found to underlie NCL in a variety of dog breeds. A Dachshund model with a null mutation in one of these genes is being utilized to investigate potential therapeutic interventions, including enzyme replacement and gene therapies. Demonstration of the efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy in this model led to successful completion of human clinical trials of this treatment. Further research into the other canine NCLs, with in-depth characterization and understanding of the disease processes, will likely lead to the development of successful therapeutic interventions for additional forms of NCL, for both human patients and animals with these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Katz
- Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
| | - Eline Rustad
- Blue Star Animal Hospital, Göteborg 417 07, Sweden
| | - Grace O Robinson
- Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Rebecca E H Whiting
- Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Student
- Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Joan R Coates
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Kristina Narfstrom
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Katz ML, Jensen CA, Student JT, Johnson GC, Coates JR. Cervical spinal cord and motor unit pathology in a canine model of SOD1-associated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2017; 378:193-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Grobman M, Boothe DM, Rindt H, Williamson BG, Katz ML, Coates JR, Reinero CR. Pharmacokinetics and dynamics of mycophenolate mofetil after single-dose oral administration in juvenile dachshunds. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2017. [PMID: 28649788 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is recommended as an alternative/complementary immunosuppressant. Pharmacokinetic and dynamic effects of MMF are unknown in young-aged dogs. We investigated the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single oral dose MMF metabolite, mycophenolic acid (MPA), in healthy juvenile dogs purpose-bred for the tripeptidyl peptidase 1 gene (TPP1) mutation. The dogs were heterozygous for the mutation (nonaffected carriers). Six dogs received 13 mg/kg oral MMF and two placebo. Pharmacokinetic parameters derived from plasma MPA were evaluated. Whole-blood mitogen-stimulated T-cell proliferation was determined using a flow cytometric assay. Plasma MPA Cmax (mean ± SD, 9.33 ± 7.04 μg/ml) occurred at <1 hr. The AUC0-∞ (mean ± SD, 12.84±6.62 hr*μg/ml), MRTinf (mean ± SD, 11.09 ± 9.63 min), T1/2 (harmonic mean ± PseudoSD 5.50 ± 3.80 min), and k/d (mean ± SD, 0.002 ± 0.001 1/min). Significant differences could not be detected between % inhibition of proliferating CD5+ T lymphocytes at any time point (p = .380). No relationship was observed between MPA concentration and % inhibition of proliferating CD5+ T lymphocytes (R = .148, p = .324). Pharmacodynamics do not support the use of MMF in juvenile dogs at the administered dose based on existing therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Grobman
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - D M Boothe
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - H Rindt
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - B G Williamson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - M L Katz
- Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - J R Coates
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - C R Reinero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
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24
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Hakim CH, Mijailovic A, Lessa TB, Coates JR, Shin C, Rutkove SB, Duan D. Non-invasive evaluation of muscle disease in the canine model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy by electrical impedance myography. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173557. [PMID: 28339469 PMCID: PMC5365102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dystrophin-deficient dogs are by far the best available large animal models for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most common lethal childhood muscle degenerative disease. The use of the canine DMD model in basic disease mechanism research and translational studies will be greatly enhanced with the development of reliable outcome measures. Electrical impedance myography (EIM) is a non-invasive painless procedure that provides quantitative data relating to muscle composition and histology. EIM has been extensively used in neuromuscular disease research in both human patients and rodent models. Recent studies suggest that EIM may represent a highly reliable and convenient outcome measure in DMD patients and the mdx mouse model of DMD. To determine whether EIM can be used as a biomarker of disease severity in the canine model, we performed the assay in fourteen young (~6.6-m-old; 6 normal and 8 affected) and ten mature (~16.9-m-old; 4 normal and 6 affected) dogs of mixed background breeds. EIM was well tolerated with good inter-rater reliability. Affected dogs showed higher resistance, lower reactance and phase. The difference became more straightforward in mature dogs. Importantly, we observed a statistically significant correlation between the EIM data and muscle fibrosis. Our results suggest that EIM is a valuable objective measurement in the canine DMD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chady H. Hakim
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America
| | - Alex Mijailovic
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Thais B. Lessa
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America
| | - Joan R. Coates
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America
| | - Carmen Shin
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Seward B. Rutkove
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America
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25
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Harris RA, Grobman ME, Allen MJ, Schachtel J, Rawson NE, Bennett B, Ledyayev J, Hopewell B, Coates JR, Reinero CR, Lever TE. Standardization of a Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study Protocol to Investigate Dysphagia in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:383-393. [PMID: 28240398 PMCID: PMC5354069 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) is the gold standard for diagnosis of dysphagia in veterinary medicine but lacks standardized protocols that emulate physiologic feeding practices. Age impacts swallow function in humans but has not been evaluated by VFSS in dogs. Hypothesis/Objectives To develop a protocol with custom kennels designed to allow free‐feeding of 3 optimized formulations of contrast media and diets that address limitations of current VFSS protocols. We hypothesized that dogs evaluated by a free‐feeding VFSS protocol would show differences in objective swallow metrics based on age. Animals Healthy juvenile, adult, and geriatric dogs (n = 24). Methods Prospective, experimental study. Custom kennels were developed to maintain natural feeding behaviors during VFSS. Three food consistencies (thin liquid, pureed food, and dry kibble) were formulated with either iohexol or barium to maximize palatability and voluntary prehension. Dogs were evaluated by 16 swallow metrics and compared across age groups. Results Development of a standardized VFSS protocol resulted in successful collection of swallow data in healthy dogs. No significant differences in swallow metrics were observed among age groups. Substantial variability was observed in healthy dogs when evaluated under these physiologic conditions. Features typically attributed to pathologic states, such as gastric reflux, were seen in healthy dogs. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Development of a VFSS protocol that reflects natural feeding practices may allow emulation of physiology resulting in clinical signs of dysphagia. Age did not result in significant changes in swallow metrics, but additional studies are needed, particularly in light of substantial normal variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Harris
- Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - M E Grobman
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO
| | - M J Allen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
| | - J Schachtel
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO
| | | | | | | | - B Hopewell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
| | - J R Coates
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO
| | - C R Reinero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO
| | - T E Lever
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO
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26
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Toedebusch CM, Bachrach MD, Garcia VB, Johnson GC, Katz ML, Shaw G, Coates JR, Garcia ML. Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Phosphorylated Neurofilament Heavy as a Diagnostic Marker of Canine Degenerative Myelopathy. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:513-520. [PMID: 28186658 PMCID: PMC5354061 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No definitive, antemortem diagnostic test for canine degenerative myelopathy (DM) is available. Phosphorylated neurofilament heavy (pNF-H) is a promising biomarker for nervous system diseases. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVE Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum pNF-H is a detectable biological marker for diagnosis of canine DM. ANIMALS Fifty-three DM-affected, 27 neurologically normal, 7 asymptomatic at-risk, and 12 DM mimic dogs. METHODS Archived CSF and serum pNF-H concentrations were determined by a commercially available ELISA. A receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated with CSF values. RESULTS Compared with old control dogs, median CSF pNF-H concentration was increased in all stages of DM; old dogs 5.1 ng/mL (interquartile range [IQR] 1.4-9.3) versus DM stage 1 23.9 ng/mL (IQR 20.8-29.6; P < .05) versus DM stage 2 36.8 ng/mL (IQR 22.9-51.2; P < .0001) versus DM stage 3 25.2 ng/mL (IQR 20.2-61.8; P < .001) versus DM stage 4 38.0 ng/mL (IQR 11.6-59.9; P < .01). Degenerative myelopathy stage 1 dogs had increased median CSF pNF-H concentrations compared with asymptomatic, at-risk dogs (3.4 ng/mL [IQR 1.5-10.9; P < .01]) and DM mimics (6.6 ng/mL [IQR 3.0-12.3; P < .01]). CSF pNF-H concentration >20.25 ng/mL was 80.4% sensitive (confidence interval [CI] 66.09-90.64%) and 93.6% specific (CI 78.58-99.21%) for DM. Area under the ROC curve was 0.9467 (CI 0.92-0.9974). No differences in serum pNF-H concentration were found between control and DM-affected dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE pNF-H concentration in CSF is a sensitive biomarker for diagnosis of DM. Although there was high specificity for DM in this cohort, further study should focus on a larger cohort of DM mimics, particularly other central and peripheral axonopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Toedebusch
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO
| | - M D Bachrach
- Division of Biological Sciences, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO
| | - V B Garcia
- Division of Biological Sciences, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO
| | - G C Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO
| | - M L Katz
- Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO
| | - G Shaw
- EnCor Biotechnology Inc, Gainesville, FL
| | - J R Coates
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO
| | - M L Garcia
- Division of Biological Sciences, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO
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27
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Fernández-Trapero M, Espejo-Porras F, Rodríguez-Cueto C, Coates JR, Pérez-Díaz C, de Lago E, Fernández-Ruiz J. Upregulation of CB 2 receptors in reactive astrocytes in canine degenerative myelopathy, a disease model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:551-558. [PMID: 28069688 PMCID: PMC5451172 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.028373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting of the CB2 receptor results in neuroprotection in the SOD1G93A mutant mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The neuroprotective effects of CB2 receptors are facilitated by their upregulation in the spinal cord of the mutant mice. Here, we investigated whether similar CB2 receptor upregulation, as well as parallel changes in other endocannabinoid elements, is evident in the spinal cord of dogs with degenerative myelopathy (DM), caused by mutations in the superoxide dismutase 1 gene (SOD1). We used well-characterized post-mortem spinal cords from unaffected and DM-affected dogs. Tissues were used first to confirm the loss of motor neurons using Nissl staining, which was accompanied by glial reactivity (elevated GFAP and Iba-1 immunoreactivity). Next, we investigated possible differences in the expression of endocannabinoid genes measured by qPCR between DM-affected and control dogs. We found no changes in expression of the CB1 receptor (confirmed with CB1 receptor immunostaining) or NAPE-PLD, DAGL, FAAH and MAGL enzymes. In contrast, CB2 receptor levels were significantly elevated in DM-affected dogs determined by qPCR and western blotting, which was confirmed in the grey matter using CB2 receptor immunostaining. Using double-labelling immunofluorescence, CB2 receptor immunolabelling colocalized with GFAP but not Iba-1, indicating upregulation of CB2 receptors on astrocytes in DM-affected dogs. Our results demonstrate a marked upregulation of CB2 receptors in the spinal cord in canine DM, which is concentrated in activated astrocytes. Such receptors could be used as a potential target to enhance the neuroprotective effects exerted by these glial cells. Editors' choice: CB2 receptors are upregulated in activated astrocytes recruited at the damaged spinal cord in dogs with degenerative myelopathy, a canine model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernández-Trapero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid 28040, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid 28040, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Francisco Espejo-Porras
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid 28040, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Cueto
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid 28040, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Joan R Coates
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Carmen Pérez-Díaz
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Eva de Lago
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid 28040, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández-Ruiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid 28040, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid 28040, Spain
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28
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Katz ML, Tecedor L, Chen Y, Williamson BG, Lysenko E, Wininger FA, Young WM, Johnson GC, Whiting REH, Coates JR, Davidson BL. AAV gene transfer delays disease onset in a TPP1-deficient canine model of the late infantile form of Batten disease. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:313ra180. [PMID: 26560358 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aac6191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The most common form of the childhood neurodegenerative disease late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (also called Batten disease) is caused by deficiency of the soluble lysosomal enzyme tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1) resulting from mutations in the TPP1 gene. We tested whether TPP1 gene transfer to the ependyma, the epithelial lining of the brain ventricular system, in TPP1-deficient dogs would be therapeutically beneficial. A one-time administration of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) expressing canine TPP1 (rAAV.caTPP1) resulted in high expression of TPP1 predominantly in ependymal cells and secretion of the enzyme into the cerebrospinal fluid leading to clinical benefit. Diseased dogs treated with rAAV.caTPP1 showed delays in onset of clinical signs and disease progression, protection from cognitive decline, and extension of life span. By immunostaining and enzyme assay, recombinant protein was evident throughout the brain and spinal cord, with correction of the neuropathology characteristic of the disease. This study in a naturally occurring canine model of TPP1 deficiency highlights the utility of AAV transduction of ventricular lining cells to accomplish stable secretion of recombinant protein for broad distribution in the central nervous system and therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Katz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Luis Tecedor
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yonghong Chen
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Baye G Williamson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Elena Lysenko
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Fred A Wininger
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Whitney M Young
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Gayle C Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Rebecca E H Whiting
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Joan R Coates
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Beverly L Davidson
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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29
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Stroud C, Dmitriev I, Kashentseva E, Bryan JN, Curiel DT, Rindt H, Reinero C, Henry CJ, Bergman PJ, Mason NJ, Gnanandarajah JS, Engiles JB, Gray F, Laughlin D, Gaurnier-Hausser A, Wallecha A, Huebner M, Paterson Y, O'Connor D, Treml LS, Stannard JP, Cook JL, Jacobs M, Wyckoff GJ, Likins L, Sabbagh U, Skaff A, Guloy AS, Hays HD, LeBlanc AK, Coates JR, Katz ML, Lyons LA, Johnson GC, Johnson GS, O'Brien DP, Duan D, Calvet JP, Gandolfi B, Baron DA, Weiss ML, Webster DA, Karanu FN, Robb EJ, Harman RJ. A One Health overview, facilitating advances in comparative medicine and translational research. Clin Transl Med 2016; 5:26. [PMID: 27558513 PMCID: PMC4996801 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-016-0107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A1 One health advances and successes in comparative medicine and translational research Cheryl Stroud A2 Dendritic cell-targeted gorilla adenoviral vector for cancer vaccination for canine melanoma Igor Dmitriev, Elena Kashentseva, Jeffrey N. Bryan, David T. Curiel A3 Viroimmunotherapy for malignant melanoma in the companion dog model Jeffrey N. Bryan, David Curiel, Igor Dmitriev, Elena Kashentseva, Hans Rindt, Carol Reinero, Carolyn J. Henry A4 Of mice and men (and dogs!): development of a commercially licensed xenogeneic DNA vaccine for companion animals with malignant melanoma Philip J. Bergman A5 Successful immunotherapy with a recombinant HER2-expressing Listeria monocytogenes in dogs with spontaneous osteosarcoma paves the way for advances in pediatric osteosarcoma Nicola J. Mason, Josephine S. Gnanandarajah, Julie B. Engiles, Falon Gray, Danielle Laughlin, Anita Gaurnier-Hausser, Anu Wallecha, Margie Huebner, Yvonne Paterson A6 Human clinical development of ADXS-HER2 Daniel O’Connor A7 Leveraging use of data for both human and veterinary benefit Laura S. Treml A8 Biologic replacement of the knee: innovations and early clinical results James P. Stannard A9 Mizzou BioJoint Center: a translational success story James L. Cook A10 University and industry translational partnership: from the lab to commercialization Marc Jacobs A11 Beyond docking: an evolutionarily guided OneHealth approach to drug discovery Gerald J. Wyckoff, Lee Likins, Ubadah Sabbagh, Andrew Skaff A12 Challenges and opportunities for data applications in animal health: from precision medicine to precision husbandry Amado S. Guloy A13 A cloud-based programmable platform for health Harlen D. Hays A14 Comparative oncology: One Health in action Amy K. LeBlanc A15 Companion animal diseases bridge the translational gap for human neurodegenerative disease Joan R. Coates, Martin L. Katz, Leslie A. Lyons, Gayle C. Johnson, Gary S. Johnson, Dennis P. O’Brien A16 Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene therapy Dongsheng Duan A17 Polycystic kidney disease: cellular mechanisms to emerging therapies James P. Calvet A18 The domestic cat as a large animal model for polycystic kidney disease Leslie A. Lyons, Barbara Gandolfi A19 The support of basic and clinical research by the Polycystic Kidney Disease Foundation David A. Baron A20 Using naturally occurring large animal models of human disease to enable clinical translation: treatment of arthritis using autologous stromal vascular fraction in dogs Mark L. Weiss A21 Regulatory requirements regarding clinical use of human cells, tissues, and tissue-based products Debra A. Webster A22 Regenerative medicine approaches to Type 1 diabetes treatment Francis N. Karanu A23 The zoobiquity of canine diabetes mellitus, man’s best friend is a friend indeed-islet transplantation Edward J. Robb A24 One Medicine: a development model for cellular therapy of diabetes Robert J. Harman
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Dmitriev
- Biologic Therapeutics Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Elena Kashentseva
- Biologic Therapeutics Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Bryan
- Comparative Oncology, Radiobiology, and Epigenetics Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65203, USA.,Comparative Oncology, Radiobiology, and Epigenetics Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - David T Curiel
- Biologic Therapeutics Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Hans Rindt
- Comparative Oncology, Radiobiology, and Epigenetics Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65203, USA
| | - Carol Reinero
- Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65203, USA
| | - Carolyn J Henry
- Comparative Oncology, Radiobiology, and Epigenetics Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Philip J Bergman
- Katonah Bedford Veterinary Center, Bedford Hills, NY, 10507, USA.,Clinical Studies Division, VCA, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA.,Adjunct Associate Faculty, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Nicola J Mason
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Josephine S Gnanandarajah
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Julie B Engiles
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Falon Gray
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Danielle Laughlin
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Anita Gaurnier-Hausser
- Office of Professional Studies in the Health Sciences, Drexel University College of Medicine, Room 4801 New College Building, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Anu Wallecha
- Advaxis Immunotherapies Inc., 305 College Road East, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Margie Huebner
- ClinData Services Inc., 6713 Holyoke Court, Fort Collins, CO, 80525, USA
| | - Yvonne Paterson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 319A Johnson Pavilion, 3610 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniel O'Connor
- Advaxis Immunotherapies Inc., 305 College Road East, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | | | - James P Stannard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Missouri Orthopaedic Institute, 1100 Virginia Ave., Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
| | - James L Cook
- Comparative Orthopaedic Lab, Mizzou BioJoint Center, Missouri Orthopaedic Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Marc Jacobs
- Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation (MTF), Edison, NJ, 08837, USA
| | - Gerald J Wyckoff
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Lee Likins
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Ubadah Sabbagh
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Andrew Skaff
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | | | | | - Amy K LeBlanc
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Joan R Coates
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Martin L Katz
- Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Leslie A Lyons
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Gayle C Johnson
- Veterinary Pathobiology, Comparative Neurology Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Gary S Johnson
- Veterinary Pathobiology, Comparative Neurology Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Dennis P O'Brien
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Neurology, Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - James P Calvet
- Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Barbara Gandolfi
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - David A Baron
- Polycystic Kidney Disease Foundation, Kansas City, MO, 64114, USA.
| | - Mark L Weiss
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Debra A Webster
- Cardinal Health Regulatory Sciences, Overland Park, KS, 64078, USA.
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Vuillemenot BR, Kennedy D, Cooper JD, Wong AMS, Sri S, Doeleman T, Katz ML, Coates JR, Johnson GC, Reed RP, Adams EL, Butt MT, Musson DG, Henshaw J, Keve S, Cahayag R, Tsuruda LS, O'Neill CA. Nonclinical evaluation of CNS-administered TPP1 enzyme replacement in canine CLN2 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Mol Genet Metab 2015; 114:281-93. [PMID: 25257657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The CLN2 form of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, a type of Batten disease, is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme tripeptidyl peptidase-1 (TPP1). Patients exhibit progressive neurodegeneration and loss of motor, cognitive, and visual functions, leading to death by the early teenage years. TPP1-null Dachshunds recapitulate human CLN2 disease. To characterize the safety and pharmacology of recombinant human (rh) TPP1 administration to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a potential enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for CLN2 disease, TPP1-null and wild-type (WT) Dachshunds were given repeated intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusions and the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile, central nervous system (CNS) distribution, and safety were evaluated. TPP1-null animals and WT controls received 4 or 16mg of rhTPP1 or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) vehicle every other week. Elevated CSF TPP1 concentrations were observed for 2-3 days after the first ICV infusion and were approximately 1000-fold higher than plasma levels at the same time points. Anti-rhTPP1 antibodies were detected in CSF and plasma after repeat rhTPP1 administration, with titers generally higher in TPP1-null than in WT animals. Widespread brain distribution of rhTPP1 was observed after chronic administration. Expected histological changes were present due to the CNS delivery catheters and were similar in rhTPP1 and vehicle-treated animals, regardless of genotype. Neuropathological evaluation demonstrated the clearance of lysosomal storage, preservation of neuronal morphology, and reduction in brain inflammation with treatment. This study demonstrates the favorable safety and pharmacology profile of rhTPP1 ERT administered directly to the CNS and supports clinical evaluation in patients with CLN2 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Steve Keve
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA, USA
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Whiting RE, Narfström K, Yao G, Pearce JW, Coates JR, Castaner LJ, Jensen CA, Dougherty BN, Vuillemenot BR, Kennedy D, O'Neill CA, Katz ML. Enzyme replacement therapy delays pupillary light reflex deficits in a canine model of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Exp Eye Res 2014; 125:164-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Katz ML, Coates JR, Sibigtroth CM, Taylor JD, Carpentier M, Young WM, Wininger FA, Kennedy D, Vuillemenot BR, O'Neill CA. Enzyme replacement therapy attenuates disease progression in a canine model of late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (CLN2 disease). J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:1591-8. [PMID: 24938720 PMCID: PMC4263309 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Using a canine model of classical late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (CLN2 disease), a study was conducted to evaluate the potential pharmacological activity of recombinant human tripeptidyl peptidase-1 (rhTPP1) enzyme replacement therapy administered directly to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CLN2 disease is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder resulting from mutations in CLN2, which encodes the soluble lysosomal enzyme tripeptidyl peptidase-1 (TPP1). Infants with mutations in both CLN2 alleles develop normally but in the late-infantile/early-childhood period undergo progressive neurological decline accompanied by pronounced brain atrophy. The disorder, a form of Batten disease, is uniformly fatal, with clinical signs starting between 2 and 4 years of age and death usually occurring by the early teenage years. Dachshunds homozygous for a null mutation in the canine ortholog of CLN2 (TPP1) exhibit a similar disorder that progresses to end stage at 10.5–11 months of age. Administration of rhTPP1 via infusion into the CSF every other week, starting at approximately 2.5 months of age, resulted in dose-dependent significant delays in disease progression, as measured by delayed onset of neurologic deficits, improved performance on a cognitive function test, reduced brain atrophy, and increased life span. Based on these findings, a clinical study evaluating the potential therapeutic value of rhTPP1 administration into the CSF of children with CLN2 disease has been initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Katz
- Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri School of Medicine, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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Gilliam D, O'Brien DP, Coates JR, Johnson GS, Johnson GC, Mhlanga-Mutangadura T, Hansen L, Taylor JF, Schnabel RD. A homozygous KCNJ10 mutation in Jack Russell Terriers and related breeds with spinocerebellar ataxia with myokymia, seizures, or both. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:871-7. [PMID: 24708069 PMCID: PMC4238845 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Juvenile‐onset spinocerebellar ataxia has been recognized in Jack Russell Terriers and related Russell group terriers (RGTs) for over 40 years. Ataxia occurs with varying combinations of myokymia, seizures, and other signs of neurologic disease. More than 1 form of the disease has been suspected. Hypothesis/Objectives The objective was to identify the mutation causing the spinocerebellar ataxia associated with myokymia, seizures, or both and distinguish the phenotype from other ataxias in the RGTs. Animals DNA samples from 16 RGTs with spinocerebellar ataxia beginning from 2 to 12 months of age, 640 control RGTs, and 383 dogs from 144 other breeds along with the medical records of affected dogs were studied. Methods This case‐control study compared the frequencies of a KCNJ10 allele in RGTs with spinocerebellar ataxia versus control RGTs. This allele was identified in a whole‐genome sequence of a single RGT with spinocerebellar ataxia and myokymia by comparison to whole‐genome sequences from 81 other canids that were normal or had other diseases. Results A missense mutation in the gene coding for the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir4.1 (KCNJ10:c.627C>G) was significantly (P < .001) associated with the disease. Dogs homozygous for the mutant allele all had spinocerebellar ataxia with varying combinations of myokymia and seizures. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Identification of the KCNJ10 mutation in dogs with spinocerebellar ataxia with myokymia, seizures, or both clarifies the multiple forms of ataxia seen in these breeds and provides a DNA test to identify carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gilliam
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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Zeng R, Coates JR, Johnson GC, Hansen L, Awano T, Kolicheski A, Ivansson E, Perloski M, Lindblad-Toh K, O'Brien DP, Guo J, Katz ML, Johnson GS. Breed distribution of SOD1 alleles previously associated with canine degenerative myelopathy. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:515-21. [PMID: 24524809 PMCID: PMC4238831 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous reports associated 2 mutant SOD1 alleles (SOD1:c.118A and SOD1:c.52T) with degenerative myelopathy in 6 canine breeds. The distribution of these alleles in other breeds has not been reported. Objective To describe the distribution of SOD1:c.118A and SOD1:c.52T in 222 breeds. Animals DNA from 33,747 dogs was genotyped at SOD1:c.118,SOD1:c.52, or both. Spinal cord sections from 249 of these dogs were examined. Methods Retrospective analysis of 35,359 previously determined genotypes at SOD1:c.118G>A or SOD1:c.52A>T and prospective survey to update the clinical status of a subset of dogs from which samples were obtained with a relatively low ascertainment bias. Results The SOD1:c.118A allele was found in cross‐bred dogs and in 124 different canine breeds whereas the SOD1:c.52T allele was only found in Bernese Mountain Dogs. Most of the dogs with histopathologically confirmed degenerative myelopathy were SOD1:c.118A homozygotes, but 8 dogs with histopathologically confirmed degenerative myelopathy were SOD1:c.118A/G heterozygotes and had no other sequence variants in their SOD1 amino acid coding regions. The updated clinical conditions of dogs from which samples were obtained with a relatively low ascertainment bias suggest that SOD1:c.118A homozygotes are at a much higher risk of developing degenerative myelopathy than are SOD1:c.118A/G heterozygotes. Conclusions and Clinical Importance We conclude that the SOD1:c.118A allele is widespread and common among privately owned dogs whereas the SOD1:c.52T allele is rare and appears to be limited to Bernese Mountain Dogs. We also conclude that breeding to avoid the production of SOD1:c.118A homozygotes is a rational strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zeng
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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Morgan BR, Coates JR, Johnson GC, Shelton GD, Katz ML. Characterization of thoracic motor and sensory neurons and spinal nerve roots in canine degenerative myelopathy, a potential disease model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurosci Res 2013; 92:531-41. [PMID: 24375814 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Canine degenerative myelopathy (DM) is a progressive, adult-onset, multisystem degenerative disease with many features in common with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). As with some forms of ALS, DM is associated with mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). Clinical signs include general proprioceptive ataxia and spastic upper motor neuron paresis in pelvic limbs, which progress to flaccid tetraplegia and dysphagia. The purpose of this study was to characterize DM as a potential disease model for ALS. We previously reported that intercostal muscle atrophy develops in dogs with advanced-stage DM. To determine whether other components of the thoracic motor unit (MU) also demonstrated morphological changes consistent with dysfunction, histopathologic and morphometric analyses were conducted on thoracic spinal motor neurons (MNs) and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and in motor and sensory nerve root axons from DM-affected boxers and Pembroke Welsh corgis (PWCs). No alterations in MNs or motor root axons were observed in either breed. However, advanced-stage PWCs exhibited significant losses of sensory root axons, and numerous DRG sensory neurons displayed evidence of degeneration. These results indicate that intercostal muscle atrophy in DM is not preceded by physical loss of the motor neurons innervating these muscles, nor of their axons. Axonal loss in thoracic sensory roots and sensory neuron death suggest that sensory involvement may play an important role in DM disease progression. Further analysis of the mechanisms responsible for these morphological findings would aid in the development of therapeutic intervention for DM and some forms of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandie R Morgan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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Abstract
The focus of immunohistochemistry as applied to nervous system tumors is in identifying the neoplasm present and evaluating margins between normal and neoplastic tissue. Although not always utilized by specialists in neuropathology, immunohistochemistry remains useful to resolve concerns about the differentiation and rate of tumor growth. The aims of this review are to discuss the utility of immunohistochemical reagents currently used in diagnosis of canine and feline intracalvarial tumors, to indicate the applicability of some tests currently used in human nervous system tumors for domestic species, and to evaluate a few less commonly used reagents. A panel of biomarkers is usually needed to confirm a diagnosis, with groups of reagents for leptomeningeal, intraparenchymal, and ventricular neoplasms. In the future, signature genetic alterations found among feline and canine brain tumors--as correlated prospectively with diagnosis, rate of enlargement, or response to treatment--may result in new immunohistochemical reagents to simplify the task of diagnosis. Prospective studies determining the type and proportion of stem cell marker expression on patient longevity are likely to be fruitful and suggest new therapies. Due to increased frequency of biopsy or partial resection of tumors from the living patient, biomarkers are needed to serve as accurate prognostic indicators and assist in determining the efficacy of developing therapeutic options in nervous system tumors of dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Missouri, 1600 East Rollins Street, Columbia MO 65211, USA.
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Platt SR, Coates JR, Eifler DM, Edwards GL, Kent M, Bulsara KR. Effect of treatment with simvastatin and cyclosporine on neurotransmitter concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid after subarachnoid hemorrhage in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2013; 74:1111-7. [PMID: 23879849 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.74.8.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure concentrations of glutamate, aspartate, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glycine in CSF of dogs with experimentally induced subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and to assess effects of cyclosporine and simvastatin on these concentrations. SAMPLE CSF samples from 13 dogs. PROCEDURES In a previous study, SAH was induced in dogs via 2 injections of autologous blood into the cerebellomedullary cistern 24 hours apart. Dogs were untreated (control; n = 5) or received simvastatin alone (4) or simvastatin in combination with cyclosporine (4). Samples of CSF were collected before the first blood injection (baseline; time 0), before the second blood injection, and on days 3, 7, and 10. For the study reported here, neurotransmitter concentrations in CSF were analyzed via high-performance liquid chromatography. Data were analyzed with a repeated-measures model with adjustments for multiple comparisons by use of the Tukey method. RESULTS In control dogs, the glutamate concentration peaked on day 3 and there was a significant increase in GABA and glutamate concentrations. Glutamate concentrations were significantly lower and glycine concentrations significantly higher on day 3 after administration of simvastatin alone or simvastatin in combination with cyclosporine, compared with concentrations for the control group. No significant differences in GABA and aspartate concentrations were detected among treatment groups at any time point. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Glutamate concentrations were increased in the CSF of dogs with SAH. Simvastatin administration attenuated high glutamate concentrations. A combination of immunosuppression and upregulation of nitric oxide synthase may be useful in lowering high glutamate concentrations in ischemic CNS conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon R Platt
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Whiting REH, Narfström K, Yao G, Pearce JW, Coates JR, Castaner LJ, Katz ML. Pupillary light reflex deficits in a canine model of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Exp Eye Res 2013; 116:402-10. [PMID: 24135299 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (CLN2) is a hereditary neurological disorder characterized by progressive retinal degeneration and vision loss, cognitive and motor decline, seizures, and pronounced brain atrophy. The progressive loss of neurological functions eventually leads to death, usually by the early teenage years. Utilizing a canine model of CLN2, therapeutic studies to inhibit the brain and retinal degenerations are currently under way. Using this dog model, studies were undertaken to compare quantitative assessments of the pupillary light reflex (PLR) and electroretinography (ERG) as tools for evaluating the effects of the disease on retinal function. The PLR and ERG were recorded in normal and CLN2-affected Dachshunds at 2 month intervals between the ages of 4 and 10 months. Using custom instrumentation for quantitative PLR assessments, a series of white light stimuli of varying intensity was used to elicit pupil constriction, and pupil images were recorded using continuous infrared illumination and an infrared-sensitive camera. Electroretinography was used to evaluate retinal function in the same dogs. As the disease progressed, affected dogs exhibited progressive and profound declines in ERG amplitudes under both scotopic and photopic conditions. With low intensity light stimuli, CLN2 was also accompanied by progressive deficits in the PLR. Changes in the PLR to dim light stimuli included significant deficits in latency, constriction velocity, constriction amplitude, and redilation velocity. However, despite the almost complete loss of detectable ERG responses by disease end stage, the PLR to bright stimuli was well preserved throughout the disease progression. These findings demonstrate that the PLR is much more sensitive than the ERG in detecting residual retinal function in animal models of retinal degenerative disease. The preservation of the PLR in dogs with profoundly depressed ERGs correlates with a preservation of visually-mediated behavior even late in the disease progression. Quantitative analysis of the PLR has potential as a biomarker in animal models of retinal degenerative diseases and in evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic interventions in preserving retinal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E H Whiting
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Morgan BR, Coates JR, Johnson GC, Bujnak AC, Katz ML. Characterization of intercostal muscle pathology in canine degenerative myelopathy: a disease model for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurosci Res 2013; 91:1639-50. [PMID: 24043596 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dogs homozygous for missense mutations in the SOD1 gene develop a late-onset neuromuscular disorder called degenerative myelopathy (DM) that has many similarities to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Both disorders are characterized by widespread progressive declines in motor functions, accompanied by atrophic changes in the descending spinal cord tracts. Some forms of ALS are also associated with SOD1 mutations. In end-stage ALS, death usually occurs as a result of respiratory failure from severe functional impairment of respiratory muscles. The mechanisms that lead to this loss of function are not known. Dogs with DM are euthanized at all stages of disease progression, providing an opportunity to characterize the onset and progression of any pathological changes in the respiratory muscles that may precede respiratory failure. To characterize such potential disease-related pathology, we evaluated intercostal muscles from Boxer and Pembroke Welsh Corgi dogs that were euthanized at various stages of DM disease progression. DM was found to result in intercostal muscle atrophy, fibrosis, increased variability in muscle fiber size and shape, and alteration in muscle fiber type composition. This pathology was not accompanied by retraction of the motor neuron terminals from the muscle acetylcholine receptor complexes, suggesting that the muscle atrophy did not result from physical denervation. These findings provide a better understanding of the mechanisms that likely lead to respiratory failure in at least some forms of ALS and will be useful in the development and evaluation of potential therapeutic interventions using the DM model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandie R Morgan
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
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Whiting REH, Yao G, Narfström K, Pearce JW, Coates JR, Dodam JR, Castaner LJ, Katz ML. Quantitative assessment of the canine pupillary light reflex. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54:5432-40. [PMID: 23847311 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop instrumentation and methods for thorough quantitative assessment of the pupillary light reflex (PLR) in dogs under varying stimulus conditions. METHODS The PLR was recorded in normal Dachshunds using a custom system allowing full user control over stimulus intensity, color, and duration. Chemical restraint protocols were compared to determine which protocol provided for optimal baseline stability of pupil size and appropriate eye positioning. A series of white light stimuli of increasing intensity was used to elicit pupil constriction. Pupil images were concurrently recorded using continuous infrared illumination and an infrared-sensitive camera. The PLR was also recorded in response to blue and red stimuli. RESULTS With injectable chemical restraint alone, spontaneous fluctuations in pupil size occurred independent of light stimulation, and spontaneous eye movements made it difficult to fully visualize the pupil. Combined injectable chemical and inhalation restraint provided a steady baseline pupil size throughout PLR assessment and allowed for stable positioning of the eye using a conjunctival stay suture. Robust PLRs were elicited with all light colors. PLR constriction amplitude increased with increasing flash intensity and ranged from 5% to 70%. CONCLUSIONS A recording system and protocol have been developed to reliably quantify the canine PLR. The techniques and instrumentation will be useful for objective quantitative assessment of the PLR in dogs and other species in research applications and may be useful in clinical veterinary ophthalmology and neurology if PLR abnormalities detected with these procedures can be associated with specific diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E H Whiting
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA
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Crisp MJ, Beckett J, Coates JR, Miller TM. Canine degenerative myelopathy: biochemical characterization of superoxide dismutase 1 in the first naturally occurring non-human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis model. Exp Neurol 2013; 248:1-9. [PMID: 23707216 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in canine superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) have recently been shown to cause canine degenerative myelopathy, a disabling neurodegenerative disorder affecting specific breeds of dogs characterized by progressive motor neuron loss and paralysis until death, or more common, euthanasia. This discovery makes canine degenerative myelopathy the first and only naturally occurring non-human model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), closely paralleling the clinical, pathological, and genetic presentation of its human counterpart, SOD1-mediated familial ALS. To further understand the biochemical role that canine SOD1 plays in this disease and how it may be similar to human SOD1, we characterized the only two SOD1 mutations described in affected dogs to date, E40K and T18S. We show that a detergent-insoluble species of mutant SOD1 is present in spinal cords of affected dogs that increases with disease progression. Our in vitro results indicate that both canine SOD1 mutants form enzymatically active dimers, arguing against a loss of function in affected homozygous animals. Further studies show that these mutants, like most human SOD1 mutants, have an increased propensity to form aggregates in cell culture, with 10-20% of cells possessing visible aggregates. Creation of the E40K mutation in human SOD1 recapitulates the normal enzymatic activity but not the aggregation propensity seen with the canine mutant. Our findings lend strong biochemical support to the toxic role of SOD1 in canine degenerative myelopathy and establish close parallels for the role mutant SOD1 plays in both canine and human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Crisp
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Shelton GD, Johnson GC, O'Brien DP, Katz ML, Pesayco JP, Chang BJ, Mizisin AP, Coates JR. Degenerative myelopathy associated with a missense mutation in the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene progresses to peripheral neuropathy in Pembroke Welsh Corgis and Boxers. J Neurol Sci 2012; 318:55-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Revised: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Vuillemenot BR, Katz ML, Coates JR, Kennedy D, Tiger P, Kanazono S, Lobel P, Sohar I, Xu S, Cahayag R, Keve S, Koren E, Bunting S, Tsuruda LS, O'Neill CA. Intrathecal tripeptidyl-peptidase 1 reduces lysosomal storage in a canine model of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Mol Genet Metab 2011; 104:325-37. [PMID: 21784683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (LINCL) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding tripeptidyl-peptidase 1 (TPP1). LINCL patients accumulate lysosomal storage materials in the CNS accompanied by neurodegeneration, blindness, and functional decline. Dachshunds homozygous for a null mutation in the TPP1 gene recapitulate many symptoms of the human disease. The objectives of this study were to determine whether intrathecal (IT) TPP1 treatment attenuates storage accumulation and functional decline in TPP1-/- Dachshunds and to characterize the CNS distribution of TPP1 activity. TPP1 was administered to one TPP1-/- and one homozygous wild-type (WT) dog. An additional TPP1-/- and WT dog received vehicle. Four IT administrations of 32 mg TPP1 formulated in 2.3 mL of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) or vehicle were administered monthly via the cerebellomedullary cistern from four to seven months of age. Functional decline was assessed by physical and neurological examinations, electrophysiology, and T-maze performance. Neural tissues were collected 48 h after the fourth administration and analyzed for TPP1 activity and autofluorescent storage material. TPP1 was distributed at greater than WT levels in many areas of the CNS of the TPP1-/- dog administered TPP1. The amount of autofluorescent storage was decreased in this dog relative to the vehicle-treated affected control. No improvement in overall function was observed in this dog compared to the vehicle-treated TPP1-/- littermate control. These results demonstrate for the first time in a large animal model of LINCL widespread delivery of biochemically active TPP1 to the brain after IT administration along with a decrease in lysosomal storage material. Further studies with this model will be necessary to optimize the dosing route and regimen to attenuate functional decline.
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Wininger FA, Zeng R, Johnson GS, Katz ML, Johnson GC, Bush WW, Jarboe JM, Coates JR. Degenerative myelopathy in a Bernese Mountain Dog with a novel SOD1 missense mutation. J Vet Intern Med 2011; 25:1166-70. [PMID: 21848967 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0760.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F A Wininger
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Sanders DN, Kanazono S, Wininger FA, Whiting REH, Flournoy CA, Coates JR, Castaner LJ, O'Brien DP, Katz ML. A reversal learning task detects cognitive deficits in a Dachshund model of late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Genes Brain Behav 2011; 10:798-804. [PMID: 21745338 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2011.00718.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are autosomal recessive lysosomal storage diseases characterized by progressive neurodegeneration and by accumulation of autofluorescent storage material in the central nervous system and other tissues. One of the most prominent clinical signs of NCL is progressive decline in cognitive function. We previously described a frame shift mutation of TPP1 in miniature long-haired Dachshunds which causes an early-onset form of NCL analogous to classical late-infantile onset NCL (CLN2) in children. Dogs homozygous for the TPP1 mutation exhibit progressive neurological signs similar to those exhibited by human patients. In order to establish biomarkers for evaluating the efficacy of ongoing therapeutic studies in this canine model, we characterized phenotypic changes in 13 dogs through 9 months of age. Cognitive function was assessed using a T-maze reversal learning (RL) task. Cognitive dysfunction was detected in affected dogs as early as 6 months of age and worsened as the disease progressed. Physical and neurological examination, funduscopy and electroretinography (ERG) were performed at regular intervals. Only the changes in ERG responses showed signs of disease progression earlier than the RL task. In the later stages of the disease clinical signs of visual and motor deficits became evident. The visual and motor deficits were not severe enough to affect the performance of dogs in the T-maze. Declining performance on the RL task is a sensitive measure of higher-order cognitive dysfunction which can serve as a useful biomarker of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Sanders
- Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G Davis
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital and Department of Anatomic Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Packer RA, Patterson EE, Taylor JF, Coates JR, Schnabel RD, O'Brien DP. Characterization and mode of inheritance of a paroxysmal dyskinesia in Chinook dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2011; 24:1305-13. [PMID: 21054538 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0629.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paroxysmal dyskinesias are episodes of abnormal, involuntary movement or muscle tone, distinguished from seizures by the character of the episode and lack of seizure activity on ictal EEG. HYPOTHESIS Paroxysmal dyskinesia is an inherited, autosomal recessive disorder in Chinook dogs. ANIMALS Families of Chinook dogs with paroxysmal dyskinesia. METHODS Pedigrees and medical histories were reviewed for 299 Chinook dogs. A family of 51 dogs was used for analysis. Episodes were classified as seizures, paroxysmal dyskinesia, or unknown, and segregation analysis was performed. RESULTS Paroxysmal dyskinesia was identified in 16 of 51 dogs and characterized by an inability to stand or ambulate, head tremors, and involuntary flexion of 1 or multiple limbs, without autonomic signs or loss of consciousness. Episode duration varied from minutes to an hour. Inter-ictal EEGs recorded on 2 dogs with dyskinesia were normal. Three dogs with dyskinesia also had generalized tonic-clonic seizures. One of 51 dogs had episodes of undetermined type. Phenotype was unknown for 6 of 51 dogs, and 28 dogs were unaffected. Segregation was consistent with an autosomal recessive trait. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE This movement disorder is prevalent in the Chinook breed, and consistent with a partially penetrant autosomal recessive or polygenic trait. Insufficient evidence exists for definitive localization; episodes may be of basal nuclear origin, but atypical seizures and muscle membrane disorders remain possible etiologies. The generalized seizures may be a variant phenotype of the same mutation that results in dyskinesia, or the 2 syndromes may be independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Packer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Zeng R, Farias FHG, Johnson GS, McKay SD, Schnabel RD, Decker JE, Taylor JF, Mann CS, Katz ML, Johnson GC, Coates JR, O'Brien DP. A truncated retrotransposon disrupts the GRM1 coding sequence in Coton de Tulear dogs with Bandera's neonatal ataxia. J Vet Intern Med 2011; 25:267-72. [PMID: 21281350 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0666.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bandera's neonatal ataxia (BNAt) is an autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia that affects members of the Coton de Tulear dog breed. OBJECTIVE To identify the mutation that causes BNAt. ANIMALS The study involved DNA from 112 Cotons de Tulear (including 15 puppies with signs of BNAt) and 87 DNA samples from dogs of 12 other breeds. METHODS The BNAt locus was mapped with a genome-wide association study (GWAS). The coding exons of positional candidate gene GRM1, which encodes metabotropic glutamate receptor 1, were polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified and resequenced. A 3-primer PCR assay was used to genotype individual dogs for a truncated retrotransposon inserted into exon 8 of GRM1. RESULTS The GWAS indicated that the BNAt locus was in a canine chromosome 1 region that contained candidate gene GRM1. Resequencing this gene from BNAt-affected puppies indicated that exon 8 was interrupted by the insertion of a 5'-truncated retrotransposon. All 15 BNAt-affected puppies were homozygous for the insert, whereas all other Cotons de Tulear were heterozygotes (n = 43) or homozygous (n = 54) for the ancestral allele. None of the 87 dogs from 12 other breeds had the insertion allele. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE BNAt is caused by a retrotransposon inserted into exon 8 of GRM1. A DNA test for the GRM1 retrotransposon insert can be used for genetic counseling and to confirm the diagnosis of BNAt.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zeng
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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