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Tommasini E, Missaglia S, Vago P, Galvani C, Pecci C, Rampinini E, Bosio A, Morelli A, Bonanomi A, Silvestrini A, Mordente A, Tavian D. The time course of irisin release after an acute exercise: relevant implications for health and future experimental designs. Eur J Transl Myol 2024; 34:12693. [PMID: 38949080 PMCID: PMC11264220 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the acute impact of exercise on serum irisin levels in 22 young (YA, 24.6 ± 3.5 yrs) and in 12 middle-aged male adults (MA, 54.6 ± 5.7 yrs) 15 min and 24 h after an incremental cycling exercise test to exhaustion. ELISA assay was used for serum irisin detection. Circulating irisin increased significantly from baseline (9.0 ± 2.0 ng/ml) to 15 min post-exercise (10.2 ± 2.0 ng/ml, P < 0.001), but the greatest increment was detected after 24 h (13.5 ± 2.5 ng/ml, P < 0.001) reaching more than 50% of the basal release. Levels were significantly higher in YA (9.7 ± 1.7 to 11.1 ± 1.8 to 14.5 ± 2.2 ng/ml) than MA (7.6 ± 1.6 to 8.7 ± 1.5 to 11.8± 2.2 ng/ml) for all measured time-points (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, MA showed a comparable increase in serum irisin levels when compared to YA. These findings highlight the importance of acute physical exercise as a countermeasure against age-related deterioration of skeletal muscle mass and function in both YA and MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Tommasini
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CRIBENS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy; Exercise & Sport Science Laboratory, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan.
| | - Sara Missaglia
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CRIBENS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan.
| | - Paola Vago
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CRIBENS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan.
| | - Christel Galvani
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy; Exercise & Sport Science Laboratory, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan.
| | - Claudio Pecci
- Human Performance Laboratory, MAPEI Sport Research Centre, Olgiate Olona (VA).
| | - Ermanno Rampinini
- Human Performance Laboratory, MAPEI Sport Research Centre, Olgiate Olona (VA), Italy; Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Human Performance Research Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Moore Park, NSW.
| | - Andrea Bosio
- Human Performance Laboratory, MAPEI Sport Research Centre, Olgiate Olona (VA).
| | - Andrea Morelli
- Human Performance Laboratory, MAPEI Sport Research Centre, Olgiate Olona (VA).
| | - Andrea Bonanomi
- Department of Statistical Science, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan.
| | - Andrea Silvestrini
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome.
| | - Alvaro Mordente
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome.
| | - Daniela Tavian
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CRIBENS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan.
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2
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Faienza MF, Urbano F, Chiarito M, Lassandro G, Giordano P. Musculoskeletal health in children and adolescents. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1226524. [PMID: 38161439 PMCID: PMC10754974 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1226524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this narrative review was to investigate the key determinants of musculoskeletal health in childhood and adolescence, with particular attention to the role of physical activity. First, we examined the importance of bone modeling and remodeling in maintaining the bone health and the integrity and mechanical characteristic of the skeleton. In addition, we reported the evidence on an appropriate calcium and vitamin D intake, as well as local load variation in achieving proper peak bone mass. Proteomic and transcriptomic studies identified the skeletal muscle "secretoma", consisting of several myokines involved in endocrine and paracrine functions. Among these, we explored the role of irisin, a myokine involved in the muscle-bone crosstalk, and in the regulation of metabolic pathways. It is known that physical activity during growing positively impacts on skeleton and can protect by bone loss in adulthood. However, there are still concerns about the optimal interval duration and exercise intensity, particularly at the pubertal growth spurt which represents a window of opportunity to increase skeletal strength. We reported data from clinical trials performed in the last 5 years analyzing the impact of the type and timing of physical activity during childhood on skeletal development. Finally, we reported recent data on the significance of physical activity in some rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Felicia Faienza
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Mariangela Chiarito
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Paola Giordano
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
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Zhang Y, Zhao L, Gao H, Zhai J, Song Y. Potential role of irisin in digestive system diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115347. [PMID: 37625325 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Digestive system diseases (DSD) are very complex conditions that severely threaten human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new pharmacological treatment strategies. Irisin, a myokine discovered in 2012, is produced by fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), which is a transmembrane protein. Irisin is involved in promoting the browning of white adipose tissue, the regulation of energy metabolism, and the improvement of insulin resistance. Irisin is also an essential mediator of the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis. Recent studies have proved that irisin concentration is altered in DSD and exerts pivotal effects on the initiation, progression, and prognosis of these diseases through various mechanisms. Therefore, studying the expression and function of irisin may have great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of DSD. Here, we focus on irisin and explore the multiple molecular pathways targeted by irisin therapy. This review indicates that irisin can serve as a diagnostic marker or potential therapeutic agent for DSD. DATA AVAILABILITY: Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Linxian Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Huan Gao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jinghui Zhai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yanqing Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Lequn Branch, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Update on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-Associated Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Their Involvement in Liver Steatosis, Inflammation, and Fibrosis: A Narrative Review. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2022; 26:252-68. [PMID: 36000237 PMCID: PMC9432469 DOI: 10.52547/ibj.3647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors are involved in the development, progression, and severity of NAFLD. Polymorphisms in genes regulating liver functions may increase liver susceptibility to NAFLD. Therefore, we conducted this literature study to present recent findings on NAFLD-associated polymorphisms from published articles in PubMed from 2016 to 2021. From 69 selected research articles, 20 genes and 34 SNPs were reported to be associated with NAFLD. These mutated genes affect NAFLD by promoting liver steatosis (PNPLA3, MBOAT7, TM2SF6, PTPRD, FNDC5, IL-1B, PPARGC1A, UCP2, TCF7L2, SAMM50, IL-6, AGTR1, and NNMT), inflammation (PNPLA3, TNF-α, AGTR1, IL-17A, IL-1B, PTPRD, and GATAD2A), and fibrosis (IL-1B, PNPLA3, MBOAT7, TCF7L2, GATAD2A, IL-6, NNMT, UCP, AGTR1, and TM2SF6). The identification of these genetic factors helps to better understand the pathogenesis pathways of NAFLD
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The potential role of FNDC5/irisin in various liver diseases: awakening the sleeping beauties. Expert Rev Mol Med 2022; 24:e23. [PMID: 35695040 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) is a transmembrane protein and the precursor of irisin, which serves as a systemic exerkine/myokine with multiple origins. Since its discovery in 2012, this hormone-like polypeptide has rapidly evolved to a component significantly involved in a gamut of metabolic dysregulations and various liver diseases. After a decade of extensive investigation on FNDC5/irisin, we are still surrounded by lots of open questions regarding its diagnostic and therapeutic values. In this review, we first concentrated on the structure-function relationship of FNDC5/irisin. Next, we comprehensively summarised the current knowledge and research findings regarding pathogenic roles/therapeutic applications of FNDC5/irisin in the context of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, fibrosis, liver injury due to multiple detrimental insults, hepatic malignancy and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Moreover, the prominent molecules involved in the underlying mechanisms and signalling pathways were highlighted. As a result, emerging evidence reveals FNDC5/irisin may act as a proxy for diagnosing liver disease pathology, a sensitive biomarker for assessing damage severity, a predisposing factor for surveilling illness progression and a treatment option with protective/preventive impact, all of which are highly dependent on disease grading and contextually pathological features.
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Antioxidant Effects of Irisin in Liver Diseases: Mechanistic Insights. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3563518. [PMID: 35035659 PMCID: PMC8759828 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3563518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a crucial factor in the development of various liver diseases. Irisin, a metabolic hormone discovered in 2012, is mainly produced by proteolytic cleavage of fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5) in skeletal muscles. Irisin is induced by physical exercise, and a rapidly growing body of literature suggests that irisin is, at least partially, responsible for the beneficial effects of regular exercise. The major biological function of irisin is believed to be involved in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. However, recent studies have suggested the therapeutic potential of irisin against a variety of liver diseases involving its antioxidative function. In this review, we aim to summarize the accumulating evidence demonstrating the antioxidative effects of irisin in liver diseases, with an emphasis on the current understanding of the potential molecular mechanisms.
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Yu Y, Tian T, Tan S, Wu P, Guo Y, Li M, Huang M. MicroRNA-665-3p exacerbates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Bioengineered 2022; 13:2927-2942. [PMID: 35038955 PMCID: PMC8973643 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2017698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are major culprits of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). MicroRNA-665-3p (miR-665-3p) is implicated in regulating inflammation and oxidative stress; however, its role and molecular basis in NAFLD remain elusive. Herein, we measured a significant upregulation of miR-665-3p level in the liver and primary hepatocytes upon high fat diet (HFD) or 0.5 mmol/L palmitic acid plus 1.0 mmol/L oleic acid stimulation, and the elevated miR-665-3p expression aggravated oxidative stress, inflammation and NAFLD progression in mice. In contrast, miR-665-3p inhibition by the miR-665-3p antagomir significantly prevented HFD-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and hepatic dysfunction in vivo. Manipulation of miR-665-3p in primary hepatocytes also caused similar phenotypic alterations in vitro. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that miR-665-3p directly bound to the 3'-untranslated region of fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5) to downregulate its expression and inactivated the downstream AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα) pathway, thereby facilitating oxidative stress, inflammation and NAFLD progression. Our findings identify miR-665-3p as an endogenous positive regulator of NAFLD via inactivating FNDC5/AMPKα pathway, and inhibiting miR-665-3p may provide novel therapeutic strategies to treat NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyun Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengbo Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yitian Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengjun Huang
- Department of Nutrition, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Liu S, Cui F, Ning K, Wang Z, Fu P, Wang D, Xu H. Role of irisin in physiology and pathology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:962968. [PMID: 36225200 PMCID: PMC9549367 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.962968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Irisin, out-membrane part of fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 protein (FNDC5), was activated by Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) during physical exercise in skeletal muscle tissues. Most studies have reported that the concentration of irisin is highly associated with health status. For instance, the level of irisin is significantly lower in patients with obesity, osteoporosis/fractures, muscle atrophy, Alzheimer's disease, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) but higher in patients with cancer. Irisin can bind to its receptor integrin αV/β5 to induce browning of white fat, maintain glucose stability, keep bone homeostasis, and alleviate cardiac injury. However, it is unclear whether it works by directly binding to its receptors to regulate muscle regeneration, promote neurogenesis, keep liver glucose homeostasis, and inhibit cancer development. Supplementation of recombinant irisin or exercise-activated irisin might be a successful strategy to fight obesity, osteoporosis, muscle atrophy, liver injury, and CVDs in one go. Here, we summarize the publications of FNDC5/irisin from PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science until March 2022, and we review the role of FNDC5/irisin in physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fengqi Cui
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Kaiting Ning
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital Affiliated to Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Pengyu Fu
- Department of Physical Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dongen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Huiyun Xu, ; Dongen Wang,
| | - Huiyun Xu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Huiyun Xu, ; Dongen Wang,
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Zhu W, Sahar NE, Javaid HMA, Pak ES, Liang G, Wang Y, Ha H, Huh JY. Exercise-Induced Irisin Decreases Inflammation and Improves NAFLD by Competitive Binding with MD2. Cells 2021; 10:3306. [PMID: 34943814 PMCID: PMC8699279 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global clinical problem. The MD2-TLR4 pathway exacerbates NAFLD progression by promoting inflammation. Long-term exercise is considered to improve NAFLD but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we examined the protective effect and molecular mechanism of exercise on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced liver injury. In an HFD-induced NAFLD mouse model, exercise training significantly decreased hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. Interestingly, exercise training blocked the binding of MD2-TLR4 and decreased the downstream inflammatory response. Irisin is a myokine that is highly expressed in response to exercise and exerts anti-inflammatory effects. We found that circulating irisin levels and muscle irisin expression were significantly increased in exercised mice, suggesting that irisin could mediate the effect of exercise on NAFLD. In vitro studies showed that irisin improved lipid metabolism, fibrosis, and inflammation in palmitic acid (PA)-stimulated AML12 cells. Moreover, binding assay results showed that irisin disturbed MD2-TLR4 complex formation by directly binding with MD2 but not TLR4, and interfered with the recognition of stimuli such as PA and lipopolysaccharide with MD2. Our study provides novel evidence that exercise-induced irisin inhibits inflammation via competitive binding with MD2 to improve NAFLD. Thus, irisin could be considered a potential therapy for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (W.Z.); (N.E.S.); (H.M.A.J.)
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (G.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Namood E Sahar
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (W.Z.); (N.E.S.); (H.M.A.J.)
| | | | - Eun Seon Pak
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (E.S.P.); (H.H.)
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (G.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (G.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Hunjoo Ha
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (E.S.P.); (H.H.)
| | - Joo Young Huh
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (W.Z.); (N.E.S.); (H.M.A.J.)
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Kumar S, Duan Q, Wu R, Harris EN, Su Q. Pathophysiological communication between hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells in liver injury from NAFLD to liver fibrosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113869. [PMID: 34280515 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifactorial disease that encompasses a spectrum of pathological conditions, ranging from simple steatosis (NAFL), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis/cirrhosis which can further progress to hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure. The progression of NAFL to NASH and liver fibrosis is closely associated with a series of liver injury resulting from lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, redox imbalance (excessive nitric oxide), ER stress, inflammation and apoptosis that occur sequentially in different liver cells which ultimately leads to the activation of liver regeneration and fibrogenesis, augmenting collagen and extracellular matrix deposition and promoting liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Type 2 diabetes is a significant risk factor in NAFLD development by accelerating liver damage. Here, we overview recent findings from human study and animal models on the pathophysiological communication among hepatocytes (HCs), Kupffer cells (KCs), hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) during the disease development. The mechanisms of crucial signaling pathways, including Toll-like receptor, TGFβ and hedgehog mediated hepatic injury are also discussed. We further highlight the potentials of precisely targeting hepatic individual cell-type using nanotechnology as therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NASH and liver fibrosis.
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Fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: a promising biomarker and therapeutic target. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1390-1400. [PMID: 33214697 PMCID: PMC8379181 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are the leading causes of death and disability worldwide and impose a tremendous socioeconomic burden on individuals as well as the healthcare system. Fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5) is a widely distributed transmembrane glycoprotein that can be proteolytically cleaved and secreted as irisin to regulate glycolipid metabolism and cardiovascular homeostasis. In this review, we present the current knowledge on the predictive and therapeutic role of FNDC5 in a variety of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, arrhythmia, metabolic cardiomyopathy, cardiac remodeling, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and obesity.
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12
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Dabravolski SA, Bezsonov EE, Orekhov AN. The role of mitochondria dysfunction and hepatic senescence in NAFLD development and progression. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112041. [PMID: 34411916 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence is a crucial player in several metabolic disorders and chronic inflammatory diseases. Recent data prove the involvement of hepatocyte senescence in the development of NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease). As the main energy and ROS (reactive oxygen species) producing organelle, mitochondria play the central role in accelerated senescence and diseases development. In this review, we focus on the role of regulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis, NAD+/NADH ratio, UPRmt (mitochondrial unfolded protein response), phospholipids and fatty acid oxidation in hepatic senescence, lifespan and NAFLD disease susceptibility. Additionally, the involvement of mitochondrial and nuclear mutations in lifespan-modulation and NAFLD development is discussed. While nuclear and mitochondria DNA mutations and SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) can be used as effective diagnostic markers and targets for treatments, advanced age should be considered as an independent risk factor for NAFLD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siarhei A Dabravolski
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine [UO VGAVM], 7/11 Dovatora str., 210026 Vitebsk, Belarus.
| | - Evgeny E Bezsonov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Angiopathology, The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Angiopathology, The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia; Department of Basic Research, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Moscow 121609, Russia.
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Luci C, Vieira E, Bourinet M, Rousseau D, Bonnafous S, Patouraux S, Lefevre L, Larbret F, Prod’homme V, Iannelli A, Tran A, Anty R, Bailly-Maitre B, Deckert M, Gual P. SYK-3BP2 Pathway Activity in Parenchymal and Myeloid Cells Is a Key Pathogenic Factor in Metabolic Steatohepatitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 13:173-191. [PMID: 34411785 PMCID: PMC8593618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) signaling pathway regulates critical processes in innate immunity, but its role in parenchymal cells remains elusive in chronic liver diseases. We investigate the relative contribution of SYK and its substrate c-Abl Src homology 3 domain-binding protein-2 (3BP2) in both myeloid cells and hepatocytes in the onset of metabolic steatohepatitis. METHODS Hepatic SYK-3BP2 pathway was evaluated in mouse models of metabolic-associated fatty liver diseases (MAFLD) and in obese patients with biopsy-proven MAFLD (n = 33). Its role in liver complications was evaluated in Sh3bp2 KO and myeloid-specific Syk KO mice challenged with methionine and choline deficient diet and in homozygous Sh3bp2KI/KI mice with and without SYK expression in myeloid cells. RESULTS Here we report that hepatic expression of 3BP2 and SYK correlated with metabolic steatohepatitis severity in mice. 3BP2 deficiency and SYK deletion in myeloid cells mediated the same protective effects on liver inflammation, injury, and fibrosis priming upon diet-induced steatohepatitis. In primary hepatocytes, the targeting of 3BP2 or SYK strongly decreased the lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammatory mediator expression and 3BP2-regulated SYK expression. In homozygous Sh3bp2KI/KI mice, the chronic inflammation mediated by the proteasome-resistant 3BP2 mutant promoted severe hepatitis and liver fibrosis with augmented liver SYK expression. In these mice, the deletion of SYK in myeloid cells was sufficient to prevent these liver lesions. The hepatic expression of SYK is also up-regulated with metabolic steatohepatitis and correlates with liver macrophages in biopsy-proven MAFLD patients. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data suggest an important role for the SYK-3BP2 pathway in the pathogenesis of chronic liver inflammatory diseases and highlight its targeting in hepatocytes and myeloid cells as a potential strategy to treat metabolic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Luci
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Elodie Vieira
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Manon Bourinet
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | | | | | | | - Lauren Lefevre
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | | | | | | | - Albert Tran
- Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Rodolphe Anty
- Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | | | - Marcel Deckert
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France,Marcel Deckert, PhD, Inserm UMR1065/C3M, Bâtiment Universitaire ARCHIMED, Team "Microenvironment, signaling and cancer", 151 route Saint Antoine de Ginestière, BP 2 3194, 06204 Nice, France.
| | - Philippe Gual
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Philippe Gual, PhD, Inserm UMR1065/C3M, Bâtiment Universitaire ARCHIMED, Team "Chronic liver diseases associated with obesity and alcohol", 151 route Saint Antoine de Ginestière, BP 2 3194, 06204 Nice, France. fax: +33 4 89 06 42 60.
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Mitochondrial Lipid Homeostasis at the Crossroads of Liver and Heart Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136949. [PMID: 34203309 PMCID: PMC8268967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) is a rapidly increasing problem, affecting a huge population around the globe. However, CVDs (cardiovascular diseases) are the most common cause of mortality in NAFLD patients. Atherogenic dyslipidemia, characterized by plasma hypertriglyceridemia, increased small dense LDL (low-density lipoprotein) particles, and decreased HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) levels, is often observed in NAFLD patients. In this review, we summarize recent genetic evidence, proving the diverse nature of metabolic pathways involved in NAFLD pathogenesis. Analysis of available genetic data suggests that the altered operation of fatty-acid β-oxidation in liver mitochondria is the key process, connecting NAFLD-mediated dyslipidemia and elevated CVD risk. In addition, we discuss several NAFLD-associated genes with documented anti-atherosclerotic or cardioprotective effects, and current pharmaceutical strategies focused on both NAFLD treatment and reduction of CVD risk.
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15
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Mitochondrial Mutations and Genetic Factors Determining NAFLD Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094459. [PMID: 33923295 PMCID: PMC8123173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) is a widespread liver disease that is often linked with other life-threatening ailments (metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, obesity, and others) and canprogress to more severe forms, such as NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis), cirrhosis, and HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma). In this review, we summarized and analyzed data about single nucleotide polymorphism sites, identified in genes related to NAFLD development and progression. Additionally, the causative role of mitochondrial mutations and mitophagy malfunctions in NAFLD is discussed. The role of mitochondria-related metabolites of the urea cycle as a new non-invasive NAFLD biomarker is discussed. While mitochondria DNA mutations and SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) canbe used as effective diagnostic markers and target for treatments, age and ethnic specificity should be taken into account.
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Marrano N, Biondi G, Borrelli A, Cignarelli A, Perrini S, Laviola L, Giorgino F, Natalicchio A. Irisin and Incretin Hormones: Similarities, Differences, and Implications in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity. Biomolecules 2021; 11:286. [PMID: 33671882 PMCID: PMC7918991 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Incretins are gut hormones that potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) after meals. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is the most investigated incretin hormone, synthesized mainly by L cells in the lower gut tract. GLP-1 promotes β-cell function and survival and exerts beneficial effects in different organs and tissues. Irisin, a myokine released in response to a high-fat diet and exercise, enhances GSIS. Similar to GLP-1, irisin augments insulin biosynthesis and promotes accrual of β-cell functional mass. In addition, irisin and GLP-1 share comparable pleiotropic effects and activate similar intracellular pathways. The insulinotropic and extra-pancreatic effects of GLP-1 are reduced in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients but preserved at pharmacological doses. GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are therefore among the most widely used antidiabetes drugs, also considered for their cardiovascular benefits and ability to promote weight loss. Irisin levels are lower in T2D patients, and in diabetic and/or obese animal models irisin administration improves glycemic control and promotes weight loss. Interestingly, recent evidence suggests that both GLP-1 and irisin are also synthesized within the pancreatic islets, in α- and β-cells, respectively. This review aims to describe the similarities between GLP-1 and irisin and to propose a new potential axis-involving the gut, muscle, and endocrine pancreas that controls energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Giorgino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy; (N.M.); (G.B.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (L.L.); (A.N.)
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FNDC5 polymorphism influences the association between sarcopenia and liver fibrosis in adults with biopsy-proven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Br J Nutr 2020; 126:813-824. [PMID: 33198849 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520004559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The FNDC5 gene encodes the fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 that is a membrane protein mainly expressed in skeletal muscle, and the FNDC5 rs3480 polymorphism may be associated with liver disease severity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated the influence of the FNDC5 rs3480 polymorphism on the relationship between sarcopenia and the histological severity of NAFLD. A total of 370 adult individuals with biopsy-proven NAFLD were studied. The association between the key exposure sarcopenia and the outcome liver histological severity was investigated by binary logistic regression. Stratified analyses were undertaken to examine the impact of FNDC5 rs3480 polymorphism on the association between sarcopenia and the severity of NAFLD histology. Patients with sarcopenia had more severe histological grades of steatosis and a higher prevalence of significant fibrosis and definite non-alcoholic steatohepatitis than those without sarcopenia. There was a significant association between sarcopenia and significant fibrosis (adjusted OR 2·79, 95 % CI 1·31, 5·95, P = 0·008), independent of established risk factors and potential confounders. Among patients with sarcopenia, significant fibrosis occurred more frequently in the rs3480 AA genotype carriers than in those carrying the FNDC5 rs3480 G genotype (43·8 v. 17·2 %, P = 0·031). In the association between sarcopenia and liver fibrosis, there was a significant interaction between the FNDC5 genotype and sarcopenia status (P value for interaction = 0·006). Sarcopenia is independently associated with significant liver fibrosis, and the FNDC5 rs3480 G variant influences the association between sarcopenia and liver fibrosis in patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD.
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Physiopathology of Lifestyle Interventions in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113472. [PMID: 33198247 PMCID: PMC7697937 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health problem, and its prevalence has increased in recent years. Diet and exercise interventions are the first-line treatment options, with weight loss via a hypocaloric diet being the most important therapeutic target in NAFLD. However, most NAFLD patients are not able to achieve such weight loss. Therefore, the requisite is the investigation of other effective therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes research on understanding complex pathophysiology underlying dietary approaches and exercise interventions with the potential to prevent and treat NAFLD.
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Zhang J, Ren Y, Bi J, Wang M, Zhang L, Wang T, Wei S, Mou X, Lv Y, Wu R. Involvement of kindlin-2 in irisin's protection against ischaemia reperfusion-induced liver injury in high-fat diet-fed mice. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:13081-13092. [PMID: 32954626 PMCID: PMC7701503 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver steatosis is associated with increased ischaemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. Our previous studies have shown that irisin, an exercise-induced hormone, mitigates I/R injury via binding to αVβ5 integrin. However, the effect of irisin on I/R injury in steatotic liver remains unknown. Kindlin-2 directly interacts with β integrin. We therefore suggest that irisin protects against I/R injury in steatotic liver via a kindlin-2 dependent mechanism. To study this, hepatic steatosis was induced in male adult mice by feeding them with a 60% high-fat diet (HFD). At 12 weeks after HFD feeding, the mice were subjected to liver ischaemia by occluding partial (70%) hepatic arterial/portal venous blood for 60 minutes, which was followed by 24 hours reperfusion. Our results showed HFD exaggerated I/R-induced liver injury. Irisin (250 μg/kg) administration at the beginning of reperfusion attenuated liver injury, improved mitochondrial function, and reduced oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress in HFD-fed mice. However, kindlin-2 inhibition by RNAi eliminated irisin's direct effects on cultured hepatocytes. In conclusion, irisin attenuates I/R injury in steatotic liver via a kindlin-2 dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yifan Ren
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianbin Bi
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengzhou Wang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Wang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shasha Wei
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingyi Mou
- Zonglian College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Lv
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rongqian Wu
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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20
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Monserrat-Mesquida M, Quetglas-Llabrés M, Abbate M, Montemayor S, Mascaró CM, Casares M, Tejada S, Abete I, Zulet MA, Tur JA, Martínez JA, Sureda A. Oxidative Stress and Pro-Inflammatory Status in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080759. [PMID: 32824349 PMCID: PMC7463614 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive fat accumulation, especially triglycerides, in hepatocytes. If the pathology is not properly treated, it can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and continue to fibrosis, cirrhosis or hepatocarcinoma. Objective: The aim of the current research was to identify the plasma biomarkers of liver damage, oxidative stress and inflammation that facilitate the early diagnosis of the disease and control its progression. Methods: Antioxidant and inflammatory biomarkers were measured in the plasma of patients diagnosed with NAFLD (n = 100 adults; 40–60 years old) living in the Balearic Islands, Spain. Patients were classified according to the intrahepatic fat content (IFC) measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results: Circulating glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were higher in patients with an IFC ≥ 2 of NAFLD in comparison to patients with an IFC of 0 and 1. The plasma levels of catalase, irisin, interleukin-6, malondialdehyde, and cytokeratin 18 were higher in stage ≥2 subjects, whereas the resolvin D1 levels were lower. No differences were observed in xanthine oxidase, myeloperoxidase, protein carbonyl and fibroblast growth factor 21 depending on liver status. Conclusion: The current available data show that the severity of NAFLD is associated with an increase in oxidative stress and proinflammatory status. It may be also useful as diagnostic purpose in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margalida Monserrat-Mesquida
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.A.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Magdalena Quetglas-Llabrés
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Manuela Abbate
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Sofía Montemayor
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Catalina M. Mascaró
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miguel Casares
- Radiodiagnosis Service, Red Asistencial Juaneda, 07011 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - Silvia Tejada
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.A.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Itziar Abete
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.A.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Zulet
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.A.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.A.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-971-1731; Fax: +34-971-173184
| | - J. Alfredo Martínez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.A.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Cardiometabolics Precision Nutrition Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.A.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Circulating Irisin in Healthy Adults: Changes after Acute Exercise, Correlation with Body Composition, and Energy Expenditure Parameters in Cross-Sectional Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56060274. [PMID: 32512797 PMCID: PMC7353853 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56060274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Skeletal muscles are considered to be the main source of circulating irisin, both at rest and during physical activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the connection between irisin, body composition, and energy metabolism in humans. Materials and Methods: Serum irisin concentrations before and after acute aerobic exercise on a treadmill in 84 healthy adults were measured and their association with body composition and energy expenditure (EE) (obtained from indirect calorimetry) was determined. Results: The total pre-exercise irisin concentrations in males and females were similar, but higher in females when expressed per body mass kg (p < 0.001). There was an association between pre-exercise irisin per body mass kg, visceral fat rating (rho = −0.52, p = 0.001), and lean tissue % (rho = 0.41, p < 0.05) in males and lean body mass index (LBMI) (rho = −0.59, p < 0.001) in females. The pre-exercise irisin concentration correlated with the resting metabolic rate (RMR) in both sexes (rho = 0.44 in males, rho = 0.36 in females; p < 0.05), but with walking, running, and the EE difference from RMR in running (Δ running EE) in males only (rho = 0.32 to 0.37, p < 0.05). There was no significant change in irisin concentration after exercise in 58% of participants, while it decreased in 23%, and increased in 19%. In male subjects with no change in irisin concentration after exercise, running (p < 0.05) and Δ running EE per body mass kg (p < 0.05) were higher than in those with decreased irisin concentration. Conclusions: These findings indicate that the association of irisin concentration with body composition and EE parameters has sex-dependent differences, and acute exercise can lead to various changes in post-exercise irisin levels.
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Sun HJ, Cao L, Zhu MY, Wu ZY, Shen CY, Nie XW, Bian JS. DR-region of Na +/K +-ATPase is a target to ameliorate hepatic insulin resistance in obese diabetic mice. Theranostics 2020; 10:6149-6166. [PMID: 32483445 PMCID: PMC7255017 DOI: 10.7150/thno.46053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced hepatic Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity and NKAα1 expression are engaged in the pathologies of metabolism diseases. The present study was designed to investigate the potential roles of NKAα1 in hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis in both hepatocytes and obese diabetic mice. Methods: Insulin resistance was mimicked by glucosamine (GlcN) in either human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells or primary mouse primary hepatocytes. Obese diabetic mice were induced by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding for 12 weeks. Results: We found that both NKA activity and NKAα1 protein level were downregulated in GlcN-treated hepatocytes and in the livers of obese diabetic mice. Pharmacological inhibition of NKA with ouabain worsened, while activation of NKAα1 with an antibody against an extracellular DR region of NKAα1 subunit (DR-Ab) prevented GlcN-induced increase in gluconeogenesis and decrease in glycogenesis. Likewise, the above results were also corroborated by the opposite effects of genetic knockout/overexpression of NKAα1 on both gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis. In obese diabetic mice, hepatic activation or overexpression of NKAα1 stimulated the PI3K/Akt pathway to suppress hyperglycemia and improve insulin resistance. More importantly, loss of NKA activities in NKAα1+/- mice was associated with more susceptibility to insulin resistance following HFD feeding. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that NKAα1 is a physiological regulator of glucose homoeostasis and its DR-region is a novel target to treat hepatic insulin resistance.
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Hepatocyte Injury and Hepatic Stem Cell Niche in the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030590. [PMID: 32131439 PMCID: PMC7140508 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease characterized by lipid accumulation in hepatocytes in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption. The global prevalence of NAFLD is constantly increasing. NAFLD is a disease spectrum comprising distinct stages with different prognoses. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive condition, characterized by liver inflammation and hepatocyte ballooning, with or without fibrosis. The natural history of NAFLD is negatively influenced by NASH onset and by the progression towards advanced fibrosis. Pathogenetic mechanisms and cellular interactions leading to NASH and fibrosis involve hepatocytes, liver macrophages, myofibroblast cell subpopulations, and the resident progenitor cell niche. These cells are implied in the regenerative trajectories following liver injury, and impairment or perturbation of these mechanisms could lead to NASH and fibrosis. Recent evidence underlines the contribution of extra-hepatic organs/tissues (e.g., gut, adipose tissue) in influencing NASH development by interacting with hepatic cells through various molecular pathways. The present review aims to summarize the role of hepatic parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells, their mutual influence, and the possible interactions with extra-hepatic tissues and organs in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
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