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Lin J, Ren J. Lactate-induced lactylation and cardiometabolic diseases: From epigenetic regulation to therapeutics. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167247. [PMID: 38762059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) denote a cadre of chronic and devastating cardiovascular anomalies routed from metabolic derangements including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Recent studies have demonstrated the association between histone lactylation, a unique form of post-translational modification, and pathogenesis of CMDs, apparently through epigenetic mechanisms. Lactylation has been indicated to regulate key aspects of metabolism, inflammation, and cardiovascular function in the realm of CMDs in a cellular and tissue-specific manner. A better understanding of the molecular, cellular and physiological domains of lactylation in the etiology of CMDs is expected to offer new insights into etiopathogenesis, hazardous factor control and therapeutic development for these challenging ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Shanhai Institude of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Shanhai Institude of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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2
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Cueto R, Shen W, Liu L, Wang X, Wu S, Mohsin S, Yang L, Khan M, Hu W, Snyder N, Wu Q, Ji Y, Yang XF, Wang H. SAH is a major metabolic sensor mediating worsening metabolic crosstalk in metabolic syndrome. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103139. [PMID: 38696898 PMCID: PMC11070633 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we observed worsening metabolic crosstalk in mouse models with concomitant metabolic disorders such as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia and in human coronary artery disease by analyzing metabolic profiles. We found that HHcy worsening is most sensitive to other metabolic disorders. To identify metabolic genes and metabolites responsible for the worsening metabolic crosstalk, we examined mRNA levels of 324 metabolic genes in Hcy, glucose-related and lipid metabolic systems. We examined Hcy-metabolites (Hcy, SAH and SAM) by LS-ESI-MS/MS in 6 organs (heart, liver, brain, lung, spleen, and kidney) from C57BL/6J mice. Through linear regression analysis of Hcy-metabolites and metabolic gene mRNA levels, we discovered that SAH-responsive genes were responsible for most metabolic changes and all metabolic crosstalk mediated by Serine, Taurine, and G3P. SAH-responsive genes worsen glucose metabolism and cause upper glycolysis activation and lower glycolysis suppression, indicative of the accumulation of glucose/glycogen and G3P, Serine synthesis inhibition, and ATP depletion. Insufficient Serine due to negative correlation of PHGDH with SAH concentration may inhibit the folate cycle and transsulfurarion pathway and consequential reduced antioxidant power, including glutathione, taurine, NADPH, and NAD+. Additionally, we identified SAH-activated pathological TG loop as the consequence of increased fatty acid (FA) uptake, FA β-oxidation and Ac-CoA production along with lysosomal damage. We concluded that HHcy is most responsive to other metabolic changes in concomitant metabolic disorders and mediates worsening metabolic crosstalk mainly via SAH-responsive genes, that organ-specific Hcy metabolism determines organ-specific worsening metabolic reprogramming, and that SAH, acetyl-CoA, Serine and Taurine are critical metabolites mediating worsening metabolic crosstalk, redox disturbance, hypomethylation and hyperacetylation linking worsening metabolic reprogramming in metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Cueto
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wen Shen
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sheng Wu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ling Yang
- Medical Genetics & Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nathaniel Snyder
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qinghua Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Yang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Ma X, Mei S, Wuyun Q, Zhou L, Sun D, Yan J. Epigenetics in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Clin Epigenetics 2024; 16:52. [PMID: 38581056 PMCID: PMC10996175 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-024-01667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a critical complication that poses a significant threat to the health of patients with diabetes. The intricate pathological mechanisms of DCM cause diastolic dysfunction, followed by impaired systolic function in the late stages. Accumulating researches have revealed the association between DCM and various epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs, and other epigenetic molecules. Recently, a profound understanding of epigenetics in the pathophysiology of DCM has been broadened owing to advanced high-throughput technologies, which assist in developing potential therapeutic strategies. In this review, we briefly introduce the epigenetics regulation and update the relevant progress in DCM. We propose the role of epigenetic factors and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as potential biomarkers and drugs in DCM diagnosis and treatment, providing a new perspective and understanding of epigenomics in DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhu Ma
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Mei
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Qidamugai Wuyun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Dating Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiangtao Yan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China.
- Genetic Diagnosis Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Li Z, Chen J, Huang H, Zhan Q, Wang F, Chen Z, Lu X, Sun G. Post-translational modifications in diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18158. [PMID: 38494853 PMCID: PMC10945092 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing attention towards diabetic cardiomyopathy as a distinctive complication of diabetes mellitus has highlighted the need for standardized diagnostic criteria and targeted treatment approaches in clinical practice. Ongoing research is gradually unravelling the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy, with a particular emphasis on investigating various post-translational modifications. These modifications dynamically regulate protein function in response to changes in the internal and external environment, and their disturbance of homeostasis holds significant relevance for the development of chronic ailments. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the common post-translational modifications involved in the initiation and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy, including O-GlcNAcylation, phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation and ubiquitination. Additionally, the review discusses drug development strategies for targeting key post-translational modification targets, such as agonists, inhibitors and PROTAC (proteolysis targeting chimaera) technology that targets E3 ubiquitin ligases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Department of CardiologyThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of CardiologyThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Hailong Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Qianru Zhan
- Department of CardiologyThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Fengzhi Wang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Liaoning ProvincePeople's Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Zihan Chen
- Department of CardiologyThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Xinwei Lu
- Department of CardiologySiping Central People's HospitalSipingChina
| | - Guozhe Sun
- Department of CardiologyThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
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Lin LC, Liu ZY, Yang JJ, Zhao JY, Tao H. Lipid metabolism reprogramming in cardiac fibrosis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:164-175. [PMID: 37949734 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a critical pathophysiological process that occurs with diverse types of cardiac injury. Lipids are the most important bioenergy substrates for maintaining optimal heart performance and act as second messengers to transduce signals within cardiac cells. However, lipid metabolism reprogramming is a double-edged sword in the regulation of cardiomyocyte homeostasis and heart function. Moreover, lipids can exert diverse effects on cardiac fibrosis through different signaling pathways. In this review, we provide a brief overview of aberrant cardiac lipid metabolism and recent progress in pharmacological research targeting lipid metabolism alterations in cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chan Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zhi-Yan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jing-Jing Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Jian-Yuan Zhao
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
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Shao J, Lang Y, Ding M, Yin X, Cui L. Transcription Factor EB: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Ischemic Stroke. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:170-190. [PMID: 37491856 PMCID: PMC10788889 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230724095558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is an important endogenous defensive protein that responds to ischemic stimuli. Acute ischemic stroke is a growing concern due to its high morbidity and mortality. Most survivors suffer from disabilities such as numbness or weakness in an arm or leg, facial droop, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, confusion, impaired balance or coordination, or loss of vision. Although TFEB plays a neuroprotective role, its potential effect on ischemic stroke remains unclear. This article describes the basic structure, regulation of transcriptional activity, and biological roles of TFEB relevant to ischemic stroke. Additionally, we explore the effects of TFEB on the various pathological processes underlying ischemic stroke and current therapeutic approaches. The information compiled here may inform clinical and basic studies on TFEB, which may be an effective therapeutic drug target for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Lang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Manqiu Ding
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiang Yin
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Cui
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Gladwell LR, Ahiarah C, Rasheed S, Rahman SM, Choudhury M. Traditional Therapeutics and Potential Epidrugs for CVD: Why Not Both? Life (Basel) 2023; 14:23. [PMID: 38255639 PMCID: PMC10820772 DOI: 10.3390/life14010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. In addition to the high mortality rate, people suffering from CVD often endure difficulties with physical activities and productivity that significantly affect their quality of life. The high prevalence of debilitating risk factors such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, smoking, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia only predicts a bleak future. Current traditional CVD interventions offer temporary respite; however, they compound the severe economic strain of health-related expenditures. Furthermore, these therapeutics can be prescribed indefinitely. Recent advances in the field of epigenetics have generated new treatment options by confronting CVD at an epigenetic level. This involves modulating gene expression by altering the organization of our genome rather than altering the DNA sequence itself. Epigenetic changes are heritable, reversible, and influenced by environmental factors such as medications. As CVD is physiologically and pathologically diverse in nature, epigenetic interventions can offer a ray of hope to replace or be combined with traditional therapeutics to provide the prospect of addressing more than just the symptoms of CVD. This review discusses various risk factors contributing to CVD, perspectives of current traditional medications in practice, and a focus on potential epigenetic therapeutics to be used as alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Rae Gladwell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A&M Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, 1114 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Chidinma Ahiarah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A&M Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, 1114 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Shireen Rasheed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A&M Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, 1114 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Shaikh Mizanoor Rahman
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Mahua Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A&M Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, 1114 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Huang Q, Yao Y, Wang Y, Li J, Chen J, Wu M, Guo C, Lou J, Yang W, Zhao L, Tong X, Zhao D, Li X. Ginsenoside Rb2 inhibits p300-mediated SF3A2 acetylation at lysine 10 to promote Fscn1 alternative splicing against myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00399-5. [PMID: 38101749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ginsenosides (GS) derived from Panax ginseng can regulate protein acetylation to promote mitochondrial function for protecting cardiomyocytes. However, the potential mechanisms of GS for regulating acetylation modification are not yet clear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms of GS in regulating protein acetylation and identify ginsenoside monomer for fighting myocardial ischemia-related diseases. METHODS The 4D-lable free acetylomic analysis was employed to gain the acetylated proteins regulated by GS pretreatment. The co-immunoprecipitation assay, immunofluorescent staining, and mitochondrial respiration measurement were performed to detect the effect of GS or ginsenoside monomer on acetylated protein level and mitochondrial function. RNA sequencing, site-specific mutation, and shRNA interference were used to explore the downstream targets of acetylation modificationby GS. Cellular thermal shift assay and surface plasmon resonance were used for identifying the binding of ginsenoside with target protein. RESULTS In the cardiomyocytes of normal, oxygen glucose deprivation and/or reperfusion conditions, the acetylomic analysis identified that the acetylated levels of spliceosome proteins were inhibited by GS pretreatment and SF3A2 acetylation at lysine 10 (K10) was significantly decreased as a potential target of GS. Ginsenoside Rb2 was identified as one of the active ginsenoside monomers for reducing the acetylation of SF3A2 (K10), which enhanced mitochondrial respiration against myocardial ischemic injury in in vivo and in vitro experiments. RNA-seq analysis showed that ginsenoside Rb2 promoted alternative splicing of mitochondrial function-related genes and the level of fascin actin-bundling protein 1 (Fscn1) was obviously upregulated, which was dependent on SF3A2 acetylation. Critically, thermodynamic, kinetic and enzymatic experiments demonstrated that ginsenoside Rb2 directly interacted with p300 for inhibiting its activity. CONCLUSION These findings provide a novel mechanism underlying cardiomyocyte protection of ginsenoside Rb2 by inhibiting p300-mediated SF3A2 acteylation for promoting Fscn1 expression, which might be a promising approach for the prevention and treatment of myocardial ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Huang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Yisa Wang
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Jing Li
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Jinjin Chen
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Mingxia Wu
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Chen Guo
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Jia Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China.
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China.
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China.
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Renaud D, Scholl-Bürgi S, Karall D, Michel M. Comparative Metabolomics in Single Ventricle Patients after Fontan Palliation: A Strong Case for a Targeted Metabolic Therapy. Metabolites 2023; 13:932. [PMID: 37623876 PMCID: PMC10456471 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Most studies on single ventricle (SV) circulation take a physiological or anatomical approach. Although there is a tight coupling between cardiac contractility and metabolism, the metabolic perspective on this patient population is very recent. Early findings point to major metabolic disturbances, with both impaired glucose and fatty acid oxidation in the cardiomyocytes. Additionally, Fontan patients have systemic metabolic derangements such as abnormal glucose metabolism and hypocholesterolemia. Our literature review compares the metabolism of patients with a SV circulation after Fontan palliation with that of patients with a healthy biventricular (BV) heart, or different subtypes of a failing BV heart, by Pubmed review of the literature on cardiac metabolism, Fontan failure, heart failure (HF), ketosis, metabolism published in English from 1939 to 2023. Early evidence demonstrates that SV circulation is not only a hemodynamic burden requiring staged palliation, but also a metabolic issue with alterations similar to what is known for HF in a BV circulation. Alterations of fatty acid and glucose oxidation were found, resulting in metabolic instability and impaired energy production. As reported for patients with BV HF, stimulating ketone oxidation may be an effective treatment strategy for HF in these patients. Few but promising clinical trials have been conducted thus far to evaluate therapeutic ketosis with HF using a variety of instruments, including ketogenic diet, ketone esters, and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. An initial trial on a small cohort demonstrated favorable outcomes for Fontan patients treated with SGLT2 inhibitors. Therapeutic ketosis is worth considering in the treatment of Fontan patients, as ketones positively affect not only the myocardial energy metabolism, but also the global Fontan physiopathology. Induced ketosis seems promising as a concerted therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Renaud
- Fundamental and Biomedical Sciences, Paris-Cité University, 75006 Paris, France
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Europea Miguel de Cervantes, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
- Fundacja Recover, 05-124 Skrzeszew, Poland
| | - Sabine Scholl-Bürgi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Division of Pediatrics I—Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Karall
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Division of Pediatrics I—Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Miriam Michel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Division of Pediatrics III—Cardiology, Pulmonology, Allergology and Cystic Fibrosis, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Shi J, Wang QH, Wei X, Huo B, Ye JN, Yi X, Feng X, Fang ZM, Jiang DS, Ma MJ. Histone acetyltransferase P300 deficiency promotes ferroptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells by activating the HIF-1α/HMOX1 axis. Mol Med 2023; 29:91. [PMID: 37415103 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00694-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND E1A-associated 300-kDa protein (P300), an endogenous histone acetyltransferase, contributes to modifications of the chromatin landscape of genes involved in multiple cardiovascular diseases. Ferroptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a novel pathological mechanism of aortic dissection. However, whether P300 regulates VSMC ferroptosis remains unknown. METHODS Cystine deprivation (CD) and imidazole ketone erastin (IKE) were used to induce VSMC ferroptosis. Two different knockdown plasmids targeting P300 and A-485 (a specific inhibitor of P300) were used to investigate the function of P300 in the ferroptosis of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). Cell counting kit-8, lactate dehydrogenase and flow cytometry with propidium iodide staining were performed to assess the cell viability and death under the treatment of CD and IKE. BODIPY-C11 assay, immunofluorescence staining of 4-hydroxynonenal and malondialdehyde assay were conducted to detect the level of lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation was utilized to explore the interaction between P300 and HIF-1α, HIF-1α and P53. RESULTS Compared with normal control, the protein level of P300 was significantly decreased in HASMCs treated with CD and IKE, which was largely nullified by the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 but not by the autophagy inhibitor or apoptosis inhibitor. Knockdown of P300 by short-hairpin RNA or inhibition of P300 activity by A-485 promoted CD- and IKE-induced HASMC ferroptosis, as evidenced by a reduction in cell viability and aggravation of lipid peroxidation of HASMCs. Furthermore, we found that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)/heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) pathway was responsible for the impacts of P300 on ferroptosis of HASMCs. The results of co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated that P300 and P53 competitively bound HIF-1α to regulate the expression of HMOX1. Under normal conditions, P300 interacted with HIF-1α to inhibit HMOX1 expression, while reduced expression of P300 induced by ferroptosis inducers would favor HIF-1α binding to P53 to trigger HMOX1 overexpression. Furthermore, the aggravated effects of P300 knockdown on HASMC ferroptosis were largely nullified by HIF-1α knockdown or the HIF-1α inhibitor BAY87-2243. CONCLUSION Thus, our results revealed that P300 deficiency or inactivation facilitated CD- and IKE-induced VSMC ferroptosis by activating the HIF-1α/HMOX1 axis, which may contribute to the development of diseases related to VSMC ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Shi
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qun-Hui Wang
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang Wei
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Huo
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jian-Nan Ye
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Yi
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Feng
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ze-Min Fang
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ding-Sheng Jiang
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Ming-Jia Ma
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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11
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Liu YP, Wen R, Liu CF, Zhang TN, Yang N. Cellular and molecular biology of sirtuins in cardiovascular disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114931. [PMID: 37263163 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are a nicotinic adenine dinucleotide (+) -dependent histone deacetylase that regulates critical signaling pathways in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Studies have identified seven mammalian homologs of the yeast SIRT silencing message regulator 2, namely, SIRT1-SIRT7. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies have successfully demonstrated the involvement of SIRTs in key pathways for cell biological function in physiological and pathological processes of the cardiovascular system, including processes including cellular senescence, oxidative stress, apoptosis, DNA damage, and cellular metabolism. Emerging evidence has stimulated a significant evolution in preventing and treating cardiovascular disease (CVD). Here, we review the important roles of SIRTs for the regulatory pathways involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and their molecular targets, including novel protein post-translational modifications of succinylation. In addition, we summarize the agonists and inhibitors currently identified to target novel specific small molecules of SIRTs. A better understanding of the role of SIRTs in the biology of CVD opens new avenues for therapeutic intervention with great potential for preventing and treating CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ping Liu
- Department of Pediatric, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Ri Wen
- Department of Pediatric, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Pediatric, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Tie-Ning Zhang
- Department of Pediatric, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
| | - Ni Yang
- Department of Pediatric, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
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12
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Kraus L, Beavens B. The Current Therapeutic Role of Chromatin Remodeling for the Prognosis and Treatment of Heart Failure. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020579. [PMID: 36831115 PMCID: PMC9953583 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of death globally, with no cure to date. Many interventions have been studied and suggested, of which epigenetics and chromatin remodeling have been the most promising. Over the last decade, major advancements have been made in the field of chromatin remodeling, particularly for the treatment of heart failure, because of innovations in bioinformatics and gene therapy. Specifically, understanding changes to the chromatin architecture have been shown to alter cardiac disease progression via variations in genomic sequencing, targeting cardiac genes, using RNA molecules, and utilizing chromatin remodeler complexes. By understanding these chromatin remodeling mechanisms in an injured heart, treatments for heart failure have been suggested through individualized pharmaceutical interventions as well as biomarkers for major disease states. By understanding the current roles of chromatin remodeling in heart failure, a potential therapeutic approach may be discovered in the future.
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13
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Diabetes and Its Cardiovascular Complications: Potential Role of the Acetyltransferase p300. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030431. [PMID: 36766773 PMCID: PMC9914144 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes has been shown to accelerate vascular senescence, which is associated with chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, both implicated in the development of endothelial dysfunction. This condition represents the initial alteration linking diabetes to related cardiovascular (CV) complications. Recently, it has been hypothesised that the acetyltransferase, p300, may contribute to establishing an early vascular senescent phenotype, playing a relevant role in diabetes-associated inflammation and oxidative stress, which drive endothelial dysfunction. Specifically, p300 can modulate vascular inflammation through epigenetic mechanisms and transcription factors acetylation. Indeed, it regulates the inflammatory pathway by interacting with nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells p65 subunit (NF-κB p65) or by inducing its acetylation, suggesting a crucial role of p300 as a bridge between NF-κB p65 and the transcriptional machinery. Additionally, p300-mediated epigenetic modifications could be upstream of the activation of inflammatory cytokines, and they may induce oxidative stress by affecting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Because several in vitro and in vivo studies shed light on the potential use of acetyltransferase inhibitors, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the role of p300 in diabetic vascular dysfunction could help in finding new strategies for the clinical management of CV diseases related to diabetes.
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14
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Sun X, Zhang Y, Chen XF, Tang X. Acylations in cardiovascular biology and diseases, what's beyond acetylation. EBioMedicine 2022; 87:104418. [PMID: 36584593 PMCID: PMC9808004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism regulates cardiovascular biology through multiple mechanisms, including epigenetic modifications. Over the past two decades, experimental and preclinical studies have highlighted the critical roles of histone modifications in cardiovascular development, homeostasis, and diseases. The widely studied histone acetylation is critical in cardiovascular biology and diseases, and inhibitors of histone deacetylases show therapeutic values. In addition to lysine acetylation, a series of novel non-acetyl lysine acylations have recently been recognized. These non-acetyl lysine acylations have been demonstrated to have physiological and pathological functions, and recent studies have analyzed the roles of these non-acetyl lysine acylations in cardiovascular biology. Herein, we review the current advances in the understanding of non-acetyl lysine acylations in cardiovascular biology and discuss open questions and translational perspectives. These new pieces of evidence provide a more extensive insight into the epigenetic mechanisms underlying cardiovascular biology and help assess the feasibility of targeting acylations to treat cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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15
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Nazarenko MS, Sleptcov AA, Puzyrev VP. “Mendelian Code” in the Genetic Structure of Common Multifactorial Diseases. RUSS J GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795422100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Shao J, Liu J, Zuo S. Roles of Epigenetics in Cardiac Fibroblast Activation and Fibrosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152347. [PMID: 35954191 PMCID: PMC9367448 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathophysiologic process associated with numerous cardiovascular diseases, resulting in cardiac dysfunction. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) play an important role in the production of the extracellular matrix and are the essential cell type in a quiescent state in a healthy heart. In response to diverse pathologic stress and environmental stress, resident CFs convert to activated fibroblasts, referred to as myofibroblasts, which produce more extracellular matrix, contributing to cardiac fibrosis. Although multiple molecular mechanisms are implicated in CFs activation and cardiac fibrosis, there is increasing evidence that epigenetic regulation plays a key role in this process. Epigenetics is a rapidly growing field in biology, and provides a modulated link between pathological stimuli and gene expression profiles, ultimately leading to corresponding pathological changes. Epigenetic modifications are mainly composed of three main categories: DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs. This review focuses on recent advances regarding epigenetic regulation in cardiac fibrosis and highlights the effects of epigenetic modifications on CFs activation. Finally, we provide some perspectives and prospects for the study of epigenetic modifications and cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrong Shao
- The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China;
| | - Jiao Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China;
| | - Shengkai Zuo
- The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China;
- Correspondence:
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Dubois-Deruy E, El Masri Y, Turkieh A, Amouyel P, Pinet F, Annicotte JS. Cardiac Acetylation in Metabolic Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081834. [PMID: 36009379 PMCID: PMC9405459 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is a highly conserved mechanism that affects several biological processes such as cell growth, metabolism, enzymatic activity, subcellular localization of proteins, gene transcription or chromatin structure. This post-translational modification, mainly regulated by lysine acetyltransferase (KAT) and lysine deacetylase (KDAC) enzymes, can occur on histone or non-histone proteins. Several studies have demonstrated that dysregulated acetylation is involved in cardiac dysfunction, associated with metabolic disorder or heart failure. Since the prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes or heart failure rises and represents a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide, cardiac acetylation may constitute a crucial pathway that could contribute to disease development. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms involved in the regulation of cardiac acetylation and its roles in physiological conditions. In addition, we highlight the effects of cardiac acetylation in physiopathology, with a focus on obesity, type 2 diabetes and heart failure. This review sheds light on the major role of acetylation in cardiovascular diseases and emphasizes KATs and KDACs as potential therapeutic targets for heart failure.
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18
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Role of Posttranslational Modifications of Proteins in Cardiovascular Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3137329. [PMID: 35855865 PMCID: PMC9288287 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3137329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become a leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally, making it an urgent concern. Although some studies have been performed on CVD, its molecular mechanism remains largely unknown for all types of CVD. However, recent in vivo and in vitro studies have successfully identified the important roles of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in various diseases, including CVD. Protein modification, also known as PTMs, refers to the chemical modification of specific amino acid residues after protein biosynthesis, which is a key process that can influence the activity or expression level of proteins. Studies on PTMs have contributed directly to improving the therapeutic strategies for CVD. In this review, we examined recent progress on PTMs and highlighted their importance in both physiological and pathological conditions of the cardiovascular system. Overall, the findings of this review contribute to the understanding of PTMs and their potential roles in the treatment of CVD.
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Zhu Q, Wu Y, Mai J, Guo G, Meng J, Fang X, Chen X, Liu C, Zhong S. Comprehensive Metabolic Profiling of Inflammation Indicated Key Roles of Glycerophospholipid and Arginine Metabolism in Coronary Artery Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:829425. [PMID: 35371012 PMCID: PMC8965586 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.829425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic immune inflammation is a key mediator in the progression of coronary artery disease (CAD), concerning various metabolic and lipid changes. In this study, the relationship between the inflammatory index and metabolic profile in patients with CAD was investigated to provide deep insights into metabolic disturbances related to inflammation. Methods Widely targeted plasma metabolomic and lipidomic profiling was performed in 1,234 patients with CAD. Laboratory circulating inflammatory markers were mainly used to define general systemic immune and low-grade inflammatory states. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression was adopted to assess the associations between 860 metabolites and 7 inflammatory markers. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic-based classifiers and multivariable logistic regression were applied to identify biomarkers of inflammatory states and develop models for discriminating an advanced inflammatory state. Results Multiple metabolites and lipid species were linearly associated with the seven inflammatory markers [false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05]. LASSO and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis identified significant associations between 45 metabolites and systemic immune-inflammation index, 46 metabolites and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio states, 32 metabolites and low-grade inflammation score, and 26 metabolites and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein states (P < 0.05). Glycerophospholipid metabolism and arginine and proline metabolism were determined as key altered metabolic pathways for systemic immune and low-grade inflammatory states. Predictive models based solely on metabolite combinations showed feasibility (area under the curve: 0.81 to 0.88) for discriminating the four parameters that represent inflammatory states and were successfully validated using a validation cohort. The inflammation-associated metabolite, namely, β-pseudouridine, was related to carotid and coronary arteriosclerosis indicators (P < 0.05). Conclusions This study provides further information on the relationship between plasma metabolite profiles and inflammatory states represented by various inflammatory markers in CAD. These metabolic markers provide potential insights into pathological changes during CAD progression and may aid in the development of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonglin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinxia Mai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gongjie Guo
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinxiu Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianhong Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shilong Zhong
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Huang AW, Janssen PML. The Case for, and Challenges of, Human Cardiac Tissue in Advancing Phosphoprotein Research. Front Physiol 2022; 13:853511. [PMID: 35399265 PMCID: PMC8984461 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.853511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke affect over 92 million Americans and account for nearly 1 out of 3 deaths in the US. The use of animal models in cardiovascular research has led to considerable advances in treatment and in our understanding of the pathophysiology of many CVDs. Still, animals may not fully recapitulate human disease states; species differences have long been postulated to be one of the main reasons for a failure of translation between animals and humans in drug discovery and development. Indeed, it has become increasingly clear over the past few decades that to answer certain biomedical questions, like the physiological mechanisms that go awry in many human CVDs, animal tissues may not always be the best option to use. While human cardiac tissue has long been used for laboratory research, published findings often contradict each other, leading to difficulties in interpretation. Current difficulties in utilizing human cardiac tissue include differences in acquisition time, varying tissue procurement protocols, and the struggle to define a human “control” sample. With the tremendous emphasis on translational research that continues to grow, research studies using human tissues are becoming more common. This mini review will discuss advantages, disadvantages, and considerations of using human cardiac tissue in the study of CVDs, paying specific attention to the study of phosphoproteins.
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21
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Protein Lipidation Types: Current Strategies for Enrichment and Characterization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042365. [PMID: 35216483 PMCID: PMC8880637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications regulate diverse activities of a colossal number of proteins. For example, various types of lipids can be covalently linked to proteins enzymatically or non-enzymatically. Protein lipidation is perhaps not as extensively studied as protein phosphorylation, ubiquitination, or glycosylation although it is no less significant than these modifications. Evidence suggests that proteins can be attached by at least seven types of lipids, including fatty acids, lipoic acids, isoprenoids, sterols, phospholipids, glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors, and lipid-derived electrophiles. In this review, we summarize types of protein lipidation and methods used for their detection, with an emphasis on the conjugation of proteins with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). We discuss possible reasons for the scarcity of reports on PUFA-modified proteins, limitations in current methodology, and potential approaches in detecting PUFA modifications.
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22
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Li C, Su F, Zhang L, Liu F, Fan W, Li Z, Ma J. Identifying Potential Diagnostic Genes for Diabetic Nephropathy Based on Hypoxia and Immune Status. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:6871-6891. [PMID: 34934337 PMCID: PMC8684433 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s341032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prognosis of diabetic nephropathy is poor, and early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy is challenging. Fortunately, searching for DN-specific markers based on machine algorithms can facilitate diagnosis. Methods xCell model and CIBERSORT algorithm were used to analyze the relationship between immune cells and DN, and WGCNA analysis was used to evaluate the regulatory relationship between hypoxia gene and DN-related immune cells. Lasso regression and ROC regression were used to detect the ability of core genes to diagnose DN, the PPI network of core genes with high diagnostic ability was constructed, and the interaction between core genes was discussed. Results There were 519 differentially expressed genes in renal tubules and 493 differentially expressed genes in glomeruli. Immune and hypoxia responses are involved in the regulation of renal glomerulus and renal tubules. We found that there are 16 hypoxia-related genes involved in the regulation of hypoxia response. Seventeen hypoxia-related genes in renal tubules are involved in regulating hypoxia response on the proteasome signal pathway. Lasso and ROC regression were used to screen anoxic core genes. Further, we found that TGFBR3, APOLD1, CPEB1, and KDR are important in diagnosing DN glomerulopathy, respectively, PSMB8, PSMB9, RHOA, VCAM1, and CDKN1B, which have high specificity for renal tubulopathy in DN. Conclusion Hypoxia and immune reactions are involved in the progression of DN. T cells are the central immune response cells. TGFBR3, APOLD1, CPEB1, and KDR have higher diagnostic accuracy in the diagnosis of DN. PSMB8, PSMB9, RHOA, VCAM1, and CDKN1B have higher diagnostic accuracy in DN diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyan Li
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Su
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Zhang
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxing Fan
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Li
- Organ Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - JingYuan Ma
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
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Marín-Hernández Á, Rodríguez-Zavala JS, Jasso-Chávez R, Saavedra E, Moreno-Sánchez R. Protein acetylation effects on enzyme activity and metabolic pathway fluxes. J Cell Biochem 2021; 123:701-718. [PMID: 34931340 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Acetylation of proteins seems a widespread process found in the three domains of life. Several studies have shown that besides histones, acetylation of lysine residues also occurs in non-nuclear proteins. Hence, it has been suggested that this covalent modification is a mechanism that might regulate diverse metabolic pathways by modulating enzyme activity, stability, and/or subcellular localization or interaction with other proteins. However, protein acetylation levels seem to have low correlation with modification of enzyme activity and pathway fluxes. In addition, the results obtained with mutant enzymes that presumably mimic acetylation have frequently been over-interpreted. Moreover, there is a generalized lack of rigorous enzyme kinetic analysis in parallel to acetylation level determinations. The purpose of this review is to analyze the current findings on the impact of acetylation on metabolic enzymes and its repercussion on metabolic pathways function/regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ricardo Jasso-Chávez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Emma Saavedra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Mexico City, Mexico
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Han X, Peng C, Huang L, Luo X, Mao Q, Wu S, Zhang H. EGCG prevents pressure overload‑induced myocardial remodeling by downregulating overexpression of HDAC5 in mice. Int J Mol Med 2021; 49:11. [PMID: 34841436 PMCID: PMC8691946 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial remodeling is a complex pathological process and its mechanism is unclear. The present study investigated whether epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) prevents myocardial remodeling by regulating histone acetylation and explored the mechanisms underlying this effect in the heart of a mouse model of transverse aortic constriction (TAC). A TAC mouse model was created by partial thoracic aortic banding (TAB). Subsequently, TAC mice were injected with EGCG at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks. The hearts of mice were collected for analysis 4, 8 and 12 weeks after TAC. Histopathological changes in the heart were observed by hematoxylin and eosin, Masson trichrome and wheat germ agglutinin staining. Protein expression levels were investigated using western blotting. Cardiac function of mice was detected by echocardiography. The level of histone acetylated lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27ac) first increased and then decreased in the hearts of mice at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after TAC. The expression levels of two genes associated with pathological myocardial remodeling, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), also increased initially but then decreased. The expression levels of histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) gradually increased in the hearts of mice at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after TAC. Furthermore, EGCG increased acetylation of H3K27ac by inhibiting HDAC5 in the heart of TAC mice treated with EGCG for 12 weeks. EGCG normalized the transcriptional activity of heart nuclear transcription factor myocyte enhancer factor 2A in TAC mice treated for 12 weeks. The low expression levels of myocardial remodeling‑associated genes (ANP and BNP) were reversed by EGCG treatment for 12 weeks in TAC mice. In addition, EGCG reversed cardiac enlargement and improved cardiac function and survival in TAC mice when treated with EGCG for 12 weeks. Modification of the HDAC5‑mediated imbalance in histone H3K27ac served a key role in pathological myocardial remodeling. The present results show that EGCG prevented and delayed myocardial remodeling in TAC mice by inhibiting HDAC5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Chang Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Luo
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Qian Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Shuqi Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Huanting Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
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25
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Gene cascades ensure physiological function from optimal health to developing diseases. Physiol Behav 2021; 241:113568. [PMID: 34481827 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Optimal physiological function throughout life is assured by activation, inhibition and/or modulation of multiple gene cascades resulting in new protein synthesis (possible biomarker), increased or decreased production of existing proteins, and other regulatory activities that maintain the organism in a relative healthy state for survival. Changes in physiological health state demand further (rapid) production/activation/inhibition/modulation of proteins that should ensure continued physiological functions in the short term, but these changes may not necessarily be ideal for long term survival. Medications, or even way of life changes, may help to stabilise overall organism's survival but cannot necessarily repair or reverse changes in gene expression already endured nor return the organism to an initial optimal healthy state.
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26
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Wu S, Lan J, Li L, Wang X, Tong M, Fu L, Zhang Y, Xu J, Chen X, Chen H, Li R, Wu Y, Xin J, Yan X, Li H, Xue K, Li X, Zhuo C, Jiang W. Sirt6 protects cardiomyocytes against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting P53/Fas-dependent cell death and augmenting endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 39:237-258. [PMID: 34713381 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sirt6, a class III NAD+-dependent deacetylase of the sirtuin family, is a highly specific H3 deacetylase and plays important roles in regulating cellular growth and death. The induction of oxidative stress and death is the critical mechanism involved in cardiomyocyte injury and cardiac dysfunction in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, but the regulatory role of Sirt6 in the fate of DOX-impaired cardiomyocytes is poorly understood. In the present study, we exposed Sirt6 heterozygous (Sirt6+/-) mice and their littermates as well as cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes to DOX, then investigated the role of Sirt6 in mitigating oxidative stress and cardiac injury in the DOX-treated myocardium. Sirt6 partial knockout or silencing worsened cardiac damage, remodeling, and oxidative stress injury in mice or cultured cardiomyocytes with DOX challenge. Cardiomyocytes infected with adenoviral constructs encoding Sirt6 showed reversal of this DOX-induced damage. Intriguingly, Sirt6 reduced oxidative stress injury by upregulating endogenous antioxidant levels, interacted with oxidative stress-stirred p53, and acted as a co-repressor of p53 in nuclei. Sirt6 was recruited by p53 to the promoter regions of the target genes Fas and FasL and further suppressed p53 transcription activity by reducing histone acetylation. Sirt6 inhibited Fas/FasL signaling and attenuated both Fas-FADD-caspase-8 apoptotic and Fas-RIP3 necrotic pathways. These results indicate that Sirt6 protects the heart against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by upregulating endogenous antioxidants, as well as suppressing oxidative stress and cell death signaling pathways dependent on ROS-stirred p53 transcriptional activation, thus reducing Fas-FasL-mediated apoptosis and necrosis. •Sirt6 is significantly decreased in DOX-insulted mouse hearts and cardiomyocytes. •Sirt6 attenuates DOX-induced cardiac atrophy, dysfunction and oxidative stress. • Sirt6 reduces oxidative stress injury by upregulating endogenous antioxidants. • Sirt6 interacts with p53 as a co-repressor to suppress p53 transcriptional regulation and inhibits Fas-FasL-mediated apoptosis and necrosis downstream of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Wu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Lan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyu Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Mingming Tong
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Fu
- Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjing Zhang
- Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Xu
- Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongying Chen
- Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruli Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Xin
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - He Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunyue Xue
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Caili Zhuo
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Z, Zhang X, Wang C, Zhou P, Xiao J, Zheng H, Wang L, Yan S, Zhang Y, Ji X. Deacetylated Sp1 improves β-glycerophosphate-induced calcification in vascular smooth muscle cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1152. [PMID: 34504597 PMCID: PMC8394101 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging of the population has led to an annual increase in the incidence of vascular calcification (VC). Specific protein 1 (Sp1) is a transcriptional activator that serves an important role in VC. The deacetylation of transcription factors represses their binding to the promoters of downstream genes, thereby causing their downregulation. The present study aimed to investigate the role of deacetylated Sp1 in the development of VC. In the present study, western blotting and immunoprecipitation (IP) were performed to detect the protein levels of acetylated Sp1. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were used to analyze phenotypic switching in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Alizarin red S, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium content assays were used to assess calcium deposition in VSMCs. Western blotting, flow cytometry, TUNEL staining and caspase3 activity assay were used to evaluate apoptosis of VSMCs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was used to detect Sp1 binding to the BMP2 promoter. The results indicated that, in a β-glycerophosphate (β-GP)-induced VSMC calcification model, the level of acetylated Sp1 was increased. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining results showed that, compared with the Sp1 overexpression group (Sp1-WT), deacetylated Sp1 (Sp1-K704A) downregulated the expression of osteogenic markers runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), and upregulated the expression of contraction marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and calponin 1. In addition, deacetylated Sp1 also reduced the ALP activity and calcium content of calcified VSMCs, and the Alizarin red S assay revealed that the calcium crystallization of Sp1-K704A group was markedly decreased. Western blotting, flow cytometry, TUNEL staining and caspase-3 activity assay were detected to indicate that the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2-associated X protein ratio was increased, and caspase-3 activity and the apoptotic rate of VSMCs were decreased, in the Sp1-K704A group, as compared with the Sp1-WT group. ChIP assay revealed that Sp1 binding to the BMP2 promoter was downregulated in the Sp1-K704A group, compared with that in theSp1-WT group. In conclusion, a deacetylated mutant of Sp1 decreased Sp1 binding to the BMP2 promoter, thus decreasing apoptosis, phenotypic switching and calcium deposition in calcified VSMCs. This finding may indicate potential therapeutic targets for VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Chengwei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Senbo Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Ji
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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28
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Sabnis RW. 5-Fluoronicotinamide Derivatives as HDAC6 Inhibitors for Treating Heart Diseases. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:953-954. [PMID: 34141079 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ram W. Sabnis
- Smith, Gambrell & Russell LLP, 1230 Peachtree Street NE, Suite 3100, Atlanta, Georgia 30309, United States
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29
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Zúñiga-Muñoz A, García-Niño WR, Carbó R, Navarrete-López LÁ, Buelna-Chontal M. The regulation of protein acetylation influences the redox homeostasis to protect the heart. Life Sci 2021; 277:119599. [PMID: 33989666 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cellular damage caused by redox imbalance is involved in the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases. Besides, redox imbalance is related to the alteration of protein acetylation processes, causing not only chromatin remodeling but also disturbances in so many processes where protein acetylation is involved, such as metabolism and signal transduction. The modulation of acetylases and deacetylases enzymes aids in maintaining the redox homeostasis, avoiding the deleterious cellular effects associated with the dysregulation of protein acetylation. Of note, regulation of protein acetylation has shown protective effects to ameliorate cardiovascular diseases. For instance, HDAC inhibition has been related to inducing cardiac protective effects and it is an interesting approach to the management of cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, the upregulation of SIRT protein activity has also been implicated in the relief of cardiovascular diseases. This review focuses on the major protein acetylation modulators described, involving pharmacological and bioactive compounds targeting deacetylase and acetylase enzymes contributing to heart protection through redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Zúñiga-Muñoz
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology, Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Wylly-Ramsés García-Niño
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology, Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roxana Carbó
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology, Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis-Ángel Navarrete-López
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology, Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mabel Buelna-Chontal
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology, Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico.
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30
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Li M, Wang Z, Wang P, Li H, Yang L. TFEB: A Emerging Regulator in Lipid Homeostasis for Atherosclerosis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:639920. [PMID: 33679452 PMCID: PMC7925399 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.639920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, predominantly characterized by the disturbance of lipid homeostasis, has become the main causation of various cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, there is an urgent requirement to explore efficacious targets that act as lipid modulators for atherosclerosis. Transcription factor EB (TFEB), whose activity depends on post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, SUMOylation, ubiquitination, etc., is significant for normal cell physiology. Recently, increasing evidence implicates a role of TFEB in lipid homeostasis, via its functionality of promoting lipid degradation and efflux through mediating lipophagy, lipolysis, and lipid metabolism-related genes. Furthermore, a regulatory effect on lipid transporters and lipid mediators by TFEB is emerging. Notably, TFEB makes a possible therapeutic target of atherosclerosis by regulating lipid metabolism. This review recapitulates the update and current advances on TFEB mediating lipid metabolism to focus on two intracellular activities: a) how cells perceive external stimuli and initiate transcription programs to modulate TFEB function, and b) how TFEB restores lipid homeostasis in the atherosclerotic process. In-depth research is warranted to develop potent agents against TFEB to alleviate or reverse the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zitong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Pengyu Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liming Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
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