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Kayukawa CTM, de Oliveira MAS, Kaspchak E, Sanchuki HBS, Igarashi-Mafra L, Mafra MR. Effect of tannic acid on the structure and activity of Kluyveromyces lactis β-galactosidase. Food Chem 2019; 275:346-353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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2
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Cloning, purification and biochemical characterisation of a GH35 beta-1,3/beta-1,6-galactosidase from the mucin-degrading gut bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila. Glycoconj J 2018; 35:255-263. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-018-9824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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3
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Rashid MHO, Sadik G, Alam AK, Tanaka T. Chemical and structural characterization of α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase I and II from starfish, asterina amurensis. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 18:9. [PMID: 28545388 PMCID: PMC5445309 DOI: 10.1186/s12858-017-0085-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The marine invertebrate starfish was found to contain a novel α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, α-GalNAcase II, which catalyzes removal of terminal α-N-acetylgalactosamine (α-GalNAc), in addition to a typical α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, α-GalNAcase I, which catalyzes removal of terminal α-N-acetylgalactosamine (α-GalNAc) and, to a lesser extent, galactose. The interrelationship between α-GalNAcase I and α-GalNAcase II and the molecular basis of their differences in substrate specificity remain unknown. RESULTS Chemical and structural comparisons between α-GalNAcase I and II using immunostaining, N-terminal amino acid sequencing and peptide analysis showed high homology to each other and also to other glycoside hydrolase family (GHF) 27 members. The amino acid sequence of peptides showed conserved residues at the active site as seen in typical α-GalNAcase. Some substitutions of conserved amino acid residues were found in α-GalNAcase II that were located near catalytic site. Among them G171 and A173, in place of C171 and W173, respectively in α-GalNAcase were identified to be responsible for lacking intrinsic α-galactosidase activity of α-GalNAcase II. Chemical modifications supported the presence of serine, aspartate and tryptophan as active site residues. Two tryptophan residues (W16 and W173) were involved in α-galactosidase activity, and one (W16) of them was involved in α-GalNAcase activity. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that α-GalNAcase I and II are closely related with respect to primary and higher order structure and that their structural differences are responsible for difference in substrate specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Harun-Or Rashid
- Institute of Biological Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Golam Sadik
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Ahm Khurshid Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Toshihisa Tanaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Soto D, Escobar S, Guzmán F, Cárdenas C, Bernal C, Mesa M. Structure-activity relationships on the study of β-galactosidase folding/unfolding due to interactions with immobilization additives: Triton X-100 and ethanol. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 96:87-92. [PMID: 27965126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Improving the enzyme stability is a challenge for allowing their practical application. The surfactants are stabilizing agents, however, there are still questions about their influence on enzyme properties. The structure-activity/stability relationship for β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans is studied here by Circular Dichroism and activity measurements, as a function of temperature and pH. The tendency of preserving the β-sheet and α-helix structures at temperatures below 65°C and different pH is the result of the balance between the large- and short-range effects, respecting to the active site. This information is fundamental for explaining the structural changes of this enzyme in the presence of Triton X-100 surfactant and ethanol. The enzyme thermal stabilization in the presence of this surfactant responds to the rearrangement of the secondary structure for having optimal activity/stability. The effect of ethanol is more related with changes in the dielectric properties of the aqueous solution than with protein structural transformations. These results contribute to understand the effects of surfactant-enzyme interactions on the enzyme behavior, from the structural point of view and to rationalize the surfactant-based stabilizing strategies for β-galactosidades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayana Soto
- Grupo Ciencia de los Materiales, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia - UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Sindy Escobar
- Grupo Ciencia de los Materiales, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia - UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Fanny Guzmán
- Laboratorio de Síntesis de Péptidos e Inmunología Molecular, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Núcleo de Biotecnología Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Constanza Cárdenas
- Laboratorio de Síntesis de Péptidos e Inmunología Molecular, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Núcleo de Biotecnología Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Claudia Bernal
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Alimentos, Universidad de La Serena, Raul Bitran 1305, La Serena, Chile
| | - Monica Mesa
- Grupo Ciencia de los Materiales, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia - UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
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5
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Lemes AC, Machado JR, Brites ML, Luccio MD, Kalil SJ. Design Strategies for Integratedβ-Galactosidase Purification Processes. Chem Eng Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201300433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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6
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Kestwal RM, Bagal-Kestwal D, Chiang BH. Analysis and enhancement of nutritional and antioxidant properties of Vigna aconitifolia sprouts. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 67:136-141. [PMID: 22466624 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-012-0284-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Vigna aconitifolia sprouts (Moth bean sprouts, MBS) were analyzed for their nutritional and antioxidant properties during sprouting. Sprouting for six days led to a 7.0 fold increase in fresh weight, 2.4 fold increase in soluble proteins, 3.0 fold increase in carbohydrates, and a 5.5 fold increase in mineral content. Phenolic content also increased by 28% during germination. Caffeic acid, ferulic acid, cinnamic acid and kaempferol were the predominant phenolic compounds detected in the ethanolic extracts of MBS by HPLC. Following supplementation with metal ions (200 μg ml⁻¹), the sprouts demonstrated a considerable increase in metal ion uptake, with improved phenolic content. MBS ethanolic extracts also reduced intracellular oxidative stress in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh M Kestwal
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Sec. 4, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Cheng W, Wang L, Jiang YL, Bai XH, Chu J, Li Q, Yu G, Liang QL, Zhou CZ, Chen Y. Structural insights into the substrate specificity of Streptococcus pneumoniae β(1,3)-galactosidase BgaC. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:22910-8. [PMID: 22593580 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.367128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface-exposed β-galactosidase BgaC from Streptococcus pneumoniae was reported to be a virulence factor because of its specific hydrolysis activity toward the β(1,3)-linked galactose and N-acetylglucosamine (Galβ(1,3)NAG) moiety of oligosaccharides on the host molecules. Here we report the crystal structure of BgaC at 1.8 Å and its complex with galactose at 1.95 Å. At pH 5.5-8.0, BgaC exists as a stable homodimer, each subunit of which consists of three distinct domains: a catalytic domain of a classic (β/α)(8) TIM barrel, followed by two all-β domains (ABDs) of unknown function. The side walls of the TIM β-barrel and a loop extended from the first ABD constitute the active site. Superposition of the galactose-complexed structure to the apo-form revealed significant conformational changes of residues Trp-243 and Tyr-455. Simulation of a putative substrate entrance tunnel and modeling of a complex structure with Galβ(1,3)NAG enabled us to assign three key residues to the specific catalysis. Site-directed mutagenesis in combination with activity assays further proved that residues Trp-240 and Tyr-455 contribute to stabilizing the N-acetylglucosamine moiety, whereas Trp-243 is critical for fixing the galactose ring. Moreover, we propose that BgaC and other galactosidases in the GH-35 family share a common domain organization and a conserved substrate-determinant aromatic residue protruding from the second domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Cheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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1,3-β-Glucanase from Vigna aconitifolia and its possible use in enzyme bioreactor fabrication. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 49:894-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 07/31/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Badarinath V, Halami PM. Purification of New β-Galactosidase fromEnterococcus faeciumMTCC 5153 with Transgalactosylation Activity. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2011.590766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Maksimainen M, Hakulinen N, Kallio JM, Timoharju T, Turunen O, Rouvinen J. Crystal structures of Trichoderma reesei β-galactosidase reveal conformational changes in the active site. J Struct Biol 2010; 174:156-63. [PMID: 21130883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2010.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We have determined the crystal structure of Trichoderma reesei (Hypocrea jecorina) β-galactosidase (Tr-β-gal) at a 1.2Å resolution and its complex structures with galactose, IPTG and PETG at 1.5, 1.75 and 1.4Å resolutions, respectively. Tr-β-gal is a potential enzyme for lactose hydrolysis in the dairy industry and belongs to family 35 of the glycoside hydrolases (GH-35). The high resolution crystal structures of this six-domain enzyme revealed interesting features about the structure of Tr-β-gal. We discovered conformational changes in the two loop regions in the active site, implicating a conformational selection-mechanism for the enzyme. In addition, the Glu200, an acid/base catalyst showed two different conformations which undoubtedly affect the pK(a) value of this residue and the catalytic mechanism. The electron density showed extensive glycosylation, suggesting a structure stabilizing role for glycans. The longest glycan showed an electron density that extends to the eighth monosaccharide unit in the extended chain. The Tr-β-gal structure also showed a well-ordered structure for a unique octaserine motif on the surface loop of the fifth domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Maksimainen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland
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Rhimi M, Aghajari N, Jaouadi B, Juy M, Boudebbouze S, Maguin E, Haser R, Bejar S. Exploring the acidotolerance of beta-galactosidase from Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus: an attractive enzyme for lactose bioconversion. Res Microbiol 2009; 160:775-84. [PMID: 19786095 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2009.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The LacZ gene encoding beta-galactosidase from Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus ATCC 11842 (L. bulgaricus) was cloned, sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli, followed by purification and characterization of the protein. The recombinant enzyme was shown to be a homotetramer and could be distinguished from homologues by its relatively low and broad optimal temperature range, from 35 to 50 degrees C, coupled with an optimal pH of 5.0-5.5. Remarkably, the E491A mutant showed the same optimal temperature, but displayed an optimal pH at 6.5-7.0. Whilst these beta-galactosidases are inhibited by Cu(2+) they require only 1mM Mn(2+) and 1mM Co(2+) for optimal activity and thermostability. The wild-type enzyme was remarkably stable at acid pH values when compared to mutant E491A. Kinetic studies demonstrated that the E491A mutation affected catalysis rather than enzyme affinity. Furthermore, the wild-type protein efficiently cleaved lactose extracted from whey; however, in milk the E491A mutant showed the highest lactose bioconversion rate. Thus, these enzymes are interesting at the industrial level for hydrolysis of lactose extracted from whey or milk, and thus could contribute to overcoming the lactose intolerance problem generated by milk products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moez Rhimi
- Laboratoire d'Enzymes et de Métabolites des Procaryotes, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Route de Sidi Mansour Km 6 BP, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
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