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Im S, Kang S, Kim JH, Oh SJ, Pak YK. Low-Dose Dioxin Reduced Glucose Uptake in C2C12 Myocytes: The Role of Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Insulin-Dependent Calcium Mobilization. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2109. [PMID: 36358481 PMCID: PMC9686767 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to some environmental polluting chemicals (EPCs) is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance is a major biochemical abnormality in the skeletal muscle in patients with metabolic syndrome. However, the causal relationship is inconsistent and little is known about how EPCs affect the insulin signaling cascade in skeletal muscle. Here, we investigated whether exposure to 100 pM of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) as a low dose of dioxin induces insulin resistance in C2C12 myocytes. The treatment with TCDD inhibited the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). The low-dose TCDD reduced the expression of insulin receptor β (IRβ) and insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 without affecting the phosphorylation of Akt. The TCDD impaired mitochondrial activities, leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the blockage of insulin-induced Ca2+ release. All TCDD-mediated effects related to insulin resistance were still observed in aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-deficient myocytes and prevented by MitoTEMPO, a mitochondria-targeting ROS scavenger. These results suggest that low-dose TCDD stress may induce muscle insulin resistance AhR-independently and that mitochondrial oxidative stress is a novel therapeutic target for dioxin-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyeol Im
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Sora Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Ji Hwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Seung Jun Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Biomedical Science Institute CRI, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
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2
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Smetanina MA, Oscorbin IP, Shadrina AS, Sevost'ianova KS, Korolenya VA, Gavrilov KA, Shevela AI, Shirshova AN, Oskina NA, Zolotukhin IA, Filipenko ML. Quantitative and structural characteristics of mitochondrial DNA in varicose veins. Vascul Pharmacol 2022; 145:107021. [PMID: 35690235 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.107021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined quantitative (in terms of mtDNA/nuclear DNA) and structural (in terms of common deletions in the MT-ND4 gene region) characteristics of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in varicose veins (VVs) and venous wall layers by comparing mitochondrial genome parameters, as well as mitochondrial function (in terms of mitochondrial membrane potential (MtMP)), in varicose vein (VV) vs. non-varicose vein (NV) tissue samples. METHODS We analyzed paired great saphenous vein samples (VV vs. NV segments from each patient left after venous surgery) harvested from patients with VVs. Relative mtDNA level and the proportion of no-deletion mtDNA were determined by a multiplex quantitative PCR (qPCR), confirming the latter with a more sensitive method - droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Mitochondria's functional state in VVs was assessed using fluorescent (dependent on MtMP) live-staining of mitochondria in venous tissues. RESULTS Total mtDNA level was lower in VV than in NV samples (predominantly in the t. media layer). ddPCR analysis showed lower proportion of no-deletion mtDNA in VVs. Because of the decrease in relative MtMP in VVs, our results suggest a possible reduction of mitochondrial function in VVs. CONCLUSION Quantitative and structural changes (copy number and integrity) of mtDNA are plausibly involved in VV pathogenesis. Future clinical studies implementing the mitochondrial targeting may be eventually fostered after auxiliary mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya A Smetanina
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Department of Fundamental Medicine of V. Zelman Institute for the Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Igor P Oscorbin
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alexandra S Shadrina
- Laboratory of Glycogenomics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Kseniya S Sevost'ianova
- Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Department of Surgical Diseases of V. Zelman Institute for the Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Valeria A Korolenya
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Konstantin A Gavrilov
- Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Department of Surgical Diseases of V. Zelman Institute for the Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Andrey I Shevela
- Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Department of Surgical Diseases of V. Zelman Institute for the Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Arina N Shirshova
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Natalya A Oskina
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Igor A Zolotukhin
- Department of Faculty Surgery, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Maxim L Filipenko
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics Development, Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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3
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Xu P, Xue YN, Ji HH, Tan C, Guo S. H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress disrupts mitochondrial functions and impairs migratory potential of human epidermal melanocytes. Exp Dermatol 2021; 29:733-741. [PMID: 32580253 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have already been demonstrated to impede the migratory ability in non-melanocytic cell lines by depleting mitochondrial ATP production. Therefore, understanding the mitochondrial metabolic response to migration in the presence of ROS should be a key to understanding repigmentation in vitiligo. This study aimed to investigate the energy mechanism associated with the ROS-mediated attenuation of melanocyte migration. After melanocytes were pretreated with H2 O2 , their ATP production, migratory ability, ultrastructural changes and Mitochondrial Permeability Potential were analysed. The results showed that, in parallel with the decreased ATP production, the migratory ability of melanocytes was significantly inhibited by oxidative stress. Supplementation with exogenous ATP reversed the suppressed ATP-dependent migration of melanocytes. Melanocytes were then stressed with H2 O2 and Agilent Whole Human Genome microarray analysis identified 763 up-regulated mRNAs and 1117 down-regulated mRNAs. Among them, 11 of the encoded proteins were involved in mitochondrial ATP production and their expression levels were verified. The decreased expression of NADH dehydrogenase 2(ND2) , cytochrome c oxidase 1(COX1) and cytochrome c oxidase 3(COX3) was shown to be involved in the depletion of mitochondrial ATP production, which was coupled with the impaired migratory potential. These results indicate that the migration of melanocytes relies heavily on an inexhaustible supply of ATP from mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Ning Xue
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Hui Ji
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Tan
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shun Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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4
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Autophagy and Mitophagy as Essential Components of Atherosclerosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020443. [PMID: 33669743 PMCID: PMC7922388 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the greatest health problems affecting people worldwide. Atherosclerosis, in turn, is one of the most common causes of cardiovascular disease. Due to the high mortality rate from cardiovascular diseases, prevention and treatment at the earliest stages become especially important. This requires developing a deep understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of atherosclerosis. It is well-known that atherogenesis is a complex multi-component process that includes lipid metabolism disorders, inflammation, oxidative stress, autophagy disorders and mitochondrial dysfunction. Autophagy is a cellular control mechanism that is critical to maintaining health and survival. One of the specific forms of autophagy is mitophagy, which aims to control and remove defective mitochondria from the cell. Particularly defective mitophagy has been shown to be associated with atherogenesis. In this review, we consider the role of autophagy, focusing on a special type of it—mitophagy—in the context of its role in the development of atherosclerosis.
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Kibel A, Lukinac AM, Dambic V, Juric I, Selthofer-Relatic K. Oxidative Stress in Ischemic Heart Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6627144. [PMID: 33456670 PMCID: PMC7785350 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6627144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the novel interesting topics in the study of cardiovascular disease is the role of the oxidation system, since inflammation and oxidative stress are known to lead to cardiovascular diseases, their progression and complications. During decades of research, many complex interactions between agents of oxidative stress, oxidation, and antioxidant systems have been elucidated, and numerous important pathophysiological links to na number of disorders and diseases have been established. This review article will present the most relevant knowledge linking oxidative stress to vascular dysfunction and disease. The review will focus on the role of oxidative stress in endotheleial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and other pathogenetic processes and mechanisms that contribute to the development of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Kibel
- Department for Heart and Vascular Diseases, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University J.J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ana Marija Lukinac
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, University J.J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vedran Dambic
- Faculty of Medicine, University J.J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department for Emergency Medical Services of the Osijek-Baranja county, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Iva Juric
- Department for Heart and Vascular Diseases, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University J.J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Kristina Selthofer-Relatic
- Department for Heart and Vascular Diseases, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University J.J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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6
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Qi-activating quercetin alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation in vivo and in vitro. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:553-566. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01238-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Shi
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens
| | - Shi-You Chen
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens.
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8
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Xia W, Li Y, Wu M, Yin J, Zhang Y, Chen H, Huang S, Jia Z, Zhang A. Inhibition of mitochondrial activity ameliorates atherosclerosis in ApoE
−/−
mice via suppressing vascular smooth cell activation and macrophage foam cell formation. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:17767-17778. [PMID: 31131474 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Xia
- Department of Nephrology Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Nephrology Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Mengying Wu
- Department of Nephrology Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Nephrology Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Nephrology Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Songming Huang
- Department of Nephrology Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Department of Nephrology Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
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9
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Peng W, Cai G, Xia Y, Chen J, Wu P, Wang Z, Li G, Wei D. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Atherosclerosis. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:597-606. [PMID: 31095428 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles beyond powerhouses of a cell. These components also play important roles in cell homeostasis by regulating cell function and phenotypic modulation. Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed and developing countries. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been increasingly associated with the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis by elevating the production of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial oxidative stress damage, mitochondrial dynamics dysfunction, and energy supply. In this review, we describe the progression of the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and atherosclerosis and its potential regulation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Peng
- 1 Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Guoding Cai
- 2 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, P.R. China
| | - Yiping Xia
- 3 University of South China of Nursing, Hengyang, P.R. China
| | - Jinna Chen
- 1 Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wu
- 1 Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zuo Wang
- 1 Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Li
- 1 Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Dangheng Wei
- 1 Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
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10
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Jeong JS, Piao Y, Kang S, Son M, Kang YC, Du XF, Ryu J, Cho YW, Jiang HH, Oh MS, Hong SP, Oh YJ, Pak YK. Triple herbal extract DA-9805 exerts a neuroprotective effect via amelioration of mitochondrial damage in experimental models of Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15953. [PMID: 30374025 PMCID: PMC6206089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Moutan cortex, Angelica Dahurica root, and Bupleurum root are traditional herbal medicines used in Asian countries to treat various diseases caused by oxidative stress or inflammation. Parkinson's disease (PD) has been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, but no effective treatment for mitochondrial dysfunction has yet been identified. In this study we investigated the neuroprotective effects of the triple herbal extract DA-9805 in experimental models of PD. DA-9805 was prepared by extracting three dried plant materials (Moutan cortex, Angelica Dahurica root, and Bupleurum root in a 1:1:1 mixture) with 90% ethanol on a stirring plate for 24 h at room temperature and fingerprinted using high-performance liquid chromatography. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its active metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), which both exert neurotoxic effects on dopaminergic neurons by inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex I, were used to make experimental models of PD. In MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells, DA-9805 ameliorated the suppression of tyrosine hydroxylase expression and mitochondrial damage on OXPHOS complex 1 activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and oxygen consumption rate. In the MPTP-induced subacute PD model mice, oral administration of DA-9805 recovered dopamine content as well as bradykinesia, as determined by the rotarod test. DA-9805 protected against neuronal damage in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and striatum. In both in vitro and in vivo models of PD, DA-9805 normalized the phosphorylation of AKT at S473 and T308 on the insulin signaling pathway and the expression of mitochondria-related genes. These results demonstrate that the triple herbal extract DA-9805 showed neuroprotective effects via alleviating mitochondria damage in experimental models of PD. We propose that DA-9805 may be a suitable candidate for disease-modifying therapeutics for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Seok Jeong
- R&D Center of Dong-A ST, Yong-in, Kyungki-do, 17073, Korea
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Ying Piao
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
- Department of Emergency, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji City, Jilin Province, 133000, China
| | - Sora Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Minuk Son
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Young Cheol Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Xiao Fei Du
- R&D Center of Dong-A ST, Yong-in, Kyungki-do, 17073, Korea
| | - Jayoung Ryu
- R&D Center of Dong-A ST, Yong-in, Kyungki-do, 17073, Korea
| | | | - Hai-Hua Jiang
- R&D Center of Dong-A ST, Yong-in, Kyungki-do, 17073, Korea
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Seon-Pyo Hong
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Young J Oh
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
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11
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Siasos G, Tsigkou V, Kosmopoulos M, Theodosiadis D, Simantiris S, Tagkou NM, Tsimpiktsioglou A, Stampouloglou PK, Oikonomou E, Mourouzis K, Philippou A, Vavuranakis M, Stefanadis C, Tousoulis D, Papavassiliou AG. Mitochondria and cardiovascular diseases-from pathophysiology to treatment. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:256. [PMID: 30069458 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.06.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the source of cellular energy production and are present in different types of cells. However, their function is especially important for the heart due to the high demands in energy which is achieved through oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria form large networks which regulate metabolism and the optimal function is achieved through the balance between mitochondrial fusion and mitochondrial fission. Moreover, mitochondrial function is upon quality control via the process of mitophagy which removes the damaged organelles. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with the development of numerous cardiac diseases such as atherosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, hypertension, diabetes, cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure (HF), due to the uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, early control of mitochondrial dysfunction is a crucial step in the therapy of cardiac diseases. A number of anti-oxidant molecules and medications have been used but the results are inconsistent among the studies. Eventually, the aim of future research is to design molecules which selectively target mitochondrial dysfunction and restore the capacity of cellular anti-oxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerasimos Siasos
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.,Division of Cardiovascular, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vasiliki Tsigkou
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Marinos Kosmopoulos
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimosthenis Theodosiadis
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Simantiris
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikoletta Maria Tagkou
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Athina Tsimpiktsioglou
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota K Stampouloglou
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Mourouzis
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Philippou
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Manolis Vavuranakis
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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12
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Chistiakov DA, Shkurat TP, Melnichenko AA, Grechko AV, Orekhov AN. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease: a brief review. Ann Med 2018; 50:121-127. [PMID: 29237304 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2017.1417631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Proper mitochondrial function is necessary in tissues and organs that are of high energy demand, including the heart. Mitochondria are very sensitive to nutrient and oxygen supply and undergo metabolic adaptation to the changing environment. In CVD, such an adaptation is impaired, which, in turn, leads to a progressive decline of the mitochondrial function associated with abnormalities in the respiratory chain and ATP synthesis, increased oxidative stress, and loss of the structural integrity of mitochondria. Uncoupling of the electron transport chain in dysfunctional mitochondria results in enhanced production of reactive oxygen species, depletion of cell ATP pool, extensive cell damage, and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Mitophagy is a process, during which cells clear themselves from dysfunctional and damaged mitochondria using autophagic mechanism. Deregulation of this process in the failing heart, accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria makes the situation even more adverse. In cardiac pathology, aberrations of the activity of the respiratory chain and ATP production may be considered as a core of mitochondrial dysfunction. Indeed, therapeutic restoration of these key functional properties can be considered as a primary goal for improvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in CVD. Key messages Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a crucial role in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis. Cardiovascular disease is associated with altered mithochondrial biogenesis and clearance. In cardiovascular disease, impaired mitochondrial function results in decreased ATP production and enhanced ROS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry A Chistiakov
- a Department of Neurochemistry, Division of Basic and Applied Neurobiology , Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology , Moscow , Russia
| | - Tatiana P Shkurat
- b Department of Genetics, Southern Federal University , Rostov-on-Don , Russia
| | - Alexandra A Melnichenko
- c Laboratory of Angiopathology , Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences , Moscow , Russia
| | - Andrey V Grechko
- d Federal Scientific Clinical Center for Resuscitation and Rehabilitation , Moscow , Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- e Laboratory of Angiopathology , Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia.,f Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center , Moscow , Russia
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Scheede-Bergdahl C, Bergdahl A. Adaptation of mitochondrial expression and ATP production in dedifferentiating vascular smooth muscle cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1473-1479. [PMID: 28846852 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. Although the clinical manifestations of this disease are well documented, the etiology and progression remain to be fully understood. Recently, the mitochondria have been implicated in important cellular processes involved in development of atherosclerosis. Despite the link between mitochondria and atherosclerosis, early-phase mechanisms of the disease have yet to be elucidated. The aim of this project was to explore the role of mitochondria in vascular smooth muscle (VSMC) dedifferentiation. A murine in vitro model, involving organ culture of aortic tissue in serum-free media, was used. Mitochondrial function was measured by high-resolution respirometry. Proteins associated with the VSMC phenotype switch, as well as mitochondrial density, were assessed by immunoblotting. The findings show that intrinsic mitochondrial Complex I activity is significantly upregulated during VSMC dedifferentiation. Diminished coupling between phosphorylation and oxidation was also found, indicating a greater ADP:ATP ratio. This data suggests increased leak in the electron transport chain and altered mitochondrial function specifically at Complex I. This project provides important information regarding the role of mitochondria in the early atherosclerotic process and that detectable changes in mitochondrial function and expression are related to VSMC dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celena Scheede-Bergdahl
- a Department of Kinesiology & Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC H2W 1S4, Canada.,b McGill Research Centre for Physical Activity & Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC H2W 1S4, Canada
| | - Andreas Bergdahl
- c Department of Exercise Science, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
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14
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miR-24-mediated knockdown of H2AX damages mitochondria and the insulin signaling pathway. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e313. [PMID: 28386126 PMCID: PMC5420797 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial deficits or altered expressions of microRNAs are associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases, and microRNA-operated control of mitochondrial activity has been reported. Using a retrovirus-mediated short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) system, we observed that miR-24-mediated H2AX knockdown (H2AX-KD) impaired both mitochondria and the insulin signaling pathway. The overexpression of miR-24 decreased mitochondrial H2AX and disrupted mitochondrial function, as indicated by the ATP content, membrane potential and oxygen consumption. Similar mitochondrial damage was observed in shH2AX-mediated specific H2AX-KD cells. The H2AX-KD reduced the expression levels of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and mitochondrial DNA-dependent transcripts. H2AX-KD mitochondria were swollen, and their cristae were destroyed. H2AX-KD also blocked the import of precursor proteins into mitochondria and the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS-1 (Y632) and Akt (S473 and T308). The rescue of H2AX, but not the nuclear form of ΔC24-H2AX, restored all features of miR-24- or shH2AX-mediated impairment of mitochondria. Hepatic miR-24 levels were significantly increased in db/db and ob/ob mice. A strong feedback loop may be present among miR-24, H2AX, mitochondria and the insulin signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that H2AX-targeting miR-24 may be a novel negative regulator of mitochondrial function and is implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance.
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Erokhina MV, Kurynina AV, Onishchenko GE. Mitochondria are targets for the antituberculosis drug rifampicin in cultured epithelial cells. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 78:1155-63. [PMID: 24237150 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Rifampicin is a widely used drug for antituberculosis therapy. Its target is the bacterial RNA polymerase. After entry into the human or mammalian organism, rifampicin is accumulated in cells of epithelial origin (kidneys, liver, lungs) where it induces apoptosis, necrosis, and fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the intracellular mechanisms leading to rifampicin-induced pathological changes and cell death. We analyzed the survival and state of the chondriome of cultured epithelial cells of the SPEV line under the influence of rifampicin. Our data show that the drug induces pronounced pathological changes in the network and ultrastructure of mitochondria, and their dysfunction results in excessive production of reactive oxygen species and release of cytochrome c. These data suggest the initiation of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Simultaneously, we observed inhibition of cell proliferation and changes in morphology of the epithelial cells toward fibroblast-like appearance, which could indicate induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Thus, mitochondria are the main potential target for rifampicin in cells of epithelial origin. We suggest that similar mechanisms of pathological changes can be induced in vivo in organs and tissues accumulating rifampicin during chemotherapy of bacterial infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Erokhina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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16
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Chiong M, Cartes-Saavedra B, Norambuena-Soto I, Mondaca-Ruff D, Morales PE, García-Miguel M, Mellado R. Mitochondrial metabolism and the control of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2014; 2:72. [PMID: 25566542 PMCID: PMC4266092 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation and dedifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are essential processes of vascular development. VSMC have biosynthetic, proliferative, and contractile roles in the vessel wall. Alterations in the differentiated state of the VSMC play a critical role in the pathogenesis of a variety of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and vascular stenosis. This review provides an overview of the current state of knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved in the control of VSMC proliferation, with particular focus on mitochondrial metabolism. Mitochondrial activity can be controlled by regulating mitochondrial dynamics, i.e., mitochondrial fusion and fission, and by regulating mitochondrial calcium handling through the interaction with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Alterations in both VSMC proliferation and mitochondrial function can be triggered by dysregulation of mitofusin-2, a small GTPase associated with mitochondrial fusion and mitochondrial–ER interaction. Several lines of evidence highlight the relevance of mitochondrial metabolism in the control of VSMC proliferation, indicating a new area to be explored in the treatment of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Chiong
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Benjamín Cartes-Saavedra
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Norambuena-Soto
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - David Mondaca-Ruff
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo E Morales
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Marina García-Miguel
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Rosemarie Mellado
- Faculty of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile Santiago, Chile
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Lee HK, Shim EB. Extension of the mitochondria dysfunction hypothesis of metabolic syndrome to atherosclerosis with emphasis on the endocrine-disrupting chemicals and biophysical laws. J Diabetes Investig 2014; 4:19-33. [PMID: 24843625 PMCID: PMC4019282 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome and its component phenotypes, hyperglycemia, hypertension, (abdominal) obesity and hypertriglyceridemia, are major risk factors for atherosclerosis. Recently, associations between exposure to endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs), mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis have been established, suggesting a possible common mechanism underlying these phenomena. Extending a previously proposed mitochondria dysfunction theory of metabolic syndrome and using biophysical laws, such as metabolic scaling, Murray's law and fractal geometry of the vascular branching system, we propose that atherosclerosis could be explained as an ill‐adaptive change occurring in nutrient‐supplying arteries in response to the decreasing tissue energy demand caused by tissue mitochondrial dysfunction. Various aspects of this new hypothesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine Eulji University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Eun Bo Shim
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
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18
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Negative transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) by nuclear TFAM. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:166-71. [PMID: 24875355 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear DNA-encoded mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) is synthesized in cytoplasm and transported into mitochondria. TFAM enhances both transcription and replication of mitochondrial DNA. It is unclear, however, whether TFAM plays a role in regulating nuclear gene expression. Here, we demonstrated that TFAM was localized to the nucleus and mitochondria by immunostaining, subcellular fractionation, and TFAM-green fluorescent protein hybrid protein studies. In HT22 hippocampal neuronal cells, human TFAM (hTFAM) overexpression suppressed human Tfam promoter-mediated luciferase activity in a dose-dependent manner. The mitochondria targeting sequence-deficient hTFAM also repressed Tfam promoter activity to the same degree as hTFAM. It indicated that nuclear hTFAM suppressed Tfam expression without modulating mitochondrial activity. The repression required for nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1), but hTFAM did not bind to the NRF-1 binding site of its promoter. TFAM was co-immunoprecipitated with NRF-1. Taken together, we suggest that nuclear TFAM down-regulate its own gene expression as a NRF-1 repressor, showing that TFAM may play different roles depending on its subcellular localizations.
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Park WH, Jun DW, Kim JT, Jeong JH, Park H, Chang YS, Park KS, Lee HK, Pak YK. Novel cell-based assay reveals associations of circulating serum AhR-ligands with metabolic syndrome and mitochondrial dysfunction. Biofactors 2013; 39:494-504. [PMID: 23361953 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Serum concentrations of environmental pollutants have been positively correlated with diabetes and metabolic syndrome in epidemiologic studies. In turn, abnormal mitochondrial function has been associated with the diseases. The relationships between these variables, however, have not been studied. We developed novel cell-based aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist bioassay system without solvent extraction process and analyzed whether low-dose circulating AhR ligands in human serum are associated with parameters of metabolic syndrome and mitochondrial function. Serum AhR ligand activities were measured as serum 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalent (sTCDDeq) in pM using 10 μL human sera from 97 Korean participants (47 with glucose intolerance and 50 matched controls, average age of 46.6 ± 9.9 years, 53 male and 45 female). sTCDDeq were higher in participants with glucose intolerance than normal controls and were positively associated (P < 0.01) with obesity, blood pressure, serum triglyceride, and fasting glucose, but not with HDL-cholesterol. Body mass index was in a positive linear relationship with serum AhR ligands in healthy participants. When myoblast cells were incubated with human sera, ATP generating power of mitochondria became impaired in an AhR ligand concentration-dependent manner. Our results support that circulating AhR ligands may directly reduce mitochondrial function in tissues, leading to weight gain, glucose intolerance, and metabolic syndrome. Our rapid cell-based assay using minute volume of human serum may provide one of the best monitoring systems for circulating AhR ligands, good clinical biomarkers for the progress of disease and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wook-Ha Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Causal effects of synthetic chemicals on mitochondrial deficits and diabetes pandemic. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:178-88. [PMID: 23389879 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that mitochondrial deficits cause many common age-associated diseases including type 2 diabetes. However, it has not been understood what causes mitochondrial damages and how to interrupt the development of the diseases in patients. Recent epidemiologic studies demonstrated a positive correlation between serum concentrations of environmental pollutants and insulin resistance/diabetes. Emerging data strongly suggest that some synthetic pollutants disturb the signaling pathway critical for energy homeostasis and insulin action. The synthetic chemicals are possibly involved in pathogenesis of insulin resistance and diabetes as mitochondria-disturbing agents. In this review, we present a molecular scheme to address the contribution of environmental synthetic chemicals to this metabolic catastrophe. Efforts to identify synthetic chemicals with mitochondria-damaging activities may open a new era to develop effective therapeutic interventions against the worldwide-spreading metabolic disorder.
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Abhijit S, Bhaskaran R, Narayanasamy A, Chakroborty A, Manickam N, Dixit M, Mohan V, Balasubramanyam M. Hyperinsulinemia-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and proliferation is mediated by converging mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 373:95-105. [PMID: 23073711 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the major complications of diabetes and involves endothelial dysfunction, matrix alteration, and most importantly migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Although hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia are known to contribute to atherosclerosis, little is known about the specific cellular signaling pathways that mediate the detrimental hyperinsulinemic effects in VSMCs. Therefore, we investigated the cellular mechanisms of hyperinsulinemia-induced migration and proliferation of VSMCs. VSMCs were treated with insulin (100 nM) for 6 days and subjected to various physiological and molecular investigations. VSMCs subjected to hyperinsulinemia exhibited increased migration and proliferation, and this is paralleled by oxidative stress [increased NADPH oxidase activity, NADPH oxidase 1 mRNA expression, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation], alterations in mitochondrial physiology (membrane depolarization, decreased mitochondrial mass, and increased mitochondrial ROS), changes in mitochondrial biogenesis-related genes (mitofusin 1, mitofusin 2, dynamin-related protein 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-beta, nuclear respiratory factor 1, and uncoupling protein 2), and increased Akt phosphorylation. Diphenyleneiodonium, a known NADPH oxidase inhibitor significantly inhibited migration and proliferation of VSMCs and normalized all the above physiological and molecular perturbations. This study suggests a plausible crosstalk between mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress under hyperinsulinemia and emphasizes counteracting mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress as a novel therapeutic strategy for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiny Abhijit
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600 086, India
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Jørgensen W, Jelnes P, Rud KA, Hansen LL, Grunnet N, Quistorff B. Progression of type 2 diabetes in GK rats affects muscle and liver mitochondria differently: pronounced reduction of complex II flux is observed in liver only. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 303:E515-23. [PMID: 22713504 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00103.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Impaired mitochondrial function is implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This was investigated in mitochondria from skeletal muscle and liver of the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat, which spontaneously develops T2DM with age. The early and the manifest stage of T2DM was studied in 6- and 16-wk-old GK rats, respectively. In GK16 compared with GK6 animals, a decrease in state 3 respiration with palmitoyl carnitine (PC) as substrate was observed in muscle. Yet an increase was seen in liver. To test the complex II contribution to the state 3 respiration, succinate was added together with PC. In liver mitochondria, this resulted in an ∼50% smaller respiratory increase in the GK6 group compared with control and no respiratory increase at all in the GK16 animals. Yet no difference between groups was seen in muscle mitochondria. RCR and P/O ratio was increased (P < 0.05) in liver but unchanged in muscle in both GK groups. We observed increased lipid peroxidation and decreased Akt phosphorylation in liver with the progression of T2DM but no change in muscle. We conclude that, during the progression of T2DM in GK rats, liver mitochondria are affected earlier and/or more severely than muscle mitochondria. Succinate dehydrogenase flux in the presence of fatty acids was reduced severely in liver but not in muscle mitochondria during manifest T2DM. The observations support the notion that T2DM pathogenesis is initiated in the liver and that only later are muscle mitochondria affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenche Jørgensen
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, NMR Center, Univ. of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Piao Y, Kim HG, Oh MS, Pak YK. Overexpression of TFAM, NRF-1 and myr-AKT protects the MPP+-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions in neuronal cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:577-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Hung WY, Huang KH, Wu CW, Chi CW, Kao HL, Li AFY, Yin PH, Lee HC. Mitochondrial dysfunction promotes cell migration via reactive oxygen species-enhanced β5-integrin expression in human gastric cancer SC-M1 cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1102-10. [PMID: 22561002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to promote cancer cell migration. However, molecular mechanism by which mitochondrial dysfunction enhances gastric cancer (GC) cell migration remains unclear. METHODS Mitochondria specific inhibitors, oligomycin and antimycin A, were used to induce mitochondrial dysfunction and to enhance cell migration of human gastric cancer SC-M1 cells. Antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was used for evaluating the effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Protein expressions of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and the cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion molecules, the integrin family, were analyzed. A migratory subpopulation of SC-M1 cells (SC-M1-3rd) was selected using a transwell assay for examining the association of mitochondrial bioenergetic function, intracellular ROS content and β5-integrin expression. Clinicopathologic characteristics of β5-integrin expression were analyzed in GC specimens by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Treatments with mitochondrial inhibitors elevated mitochondria-generated ROS and cell migration of SC-M1 cells. The protein expression of β5-integrin and cell surface expression of αvβ5-integrin were upregulated, and which were suppressed by NAC. Pretreatments with NAC and anti-αvβ5-integrin neutralizing antibody respectively prevented the mitochondrial dysfunction-induced cell migration. The selected migratory SC-M1-3rd cells showed impaired mitochondrial function, higher mitochondria-generated ROS, and increased β5-integrin expression. The migration ability was also repressed by anti-αvβ5-integrin neutralizing antibody. In clinical specimens, GCs with higher β5-integrin protein expression had more aggressive behavior. In conclusion, mitochondrial dysfunction may lead to GC progression by enhancing migration through mitochondria-generated ROS mediated β5-integrin expression. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These results support the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in GC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yi Hung
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, and Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Koo HJ, Piao Y, Pak YK. Endoplasmic reticulum stress impairs insulin signaling through mitochondrial damage in SH-SY5Y cells. Neurosignals 2012; 20:265-80. [PMID: 22378314 DOI: 10.1159/000333069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial stress are considered causal factors that induce neurodegenerative diseases. However, the relationship between these stresses remains poorly understood. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying crosstalk between the ER and mitochondria in neurodegeneration, we treated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells with thapsigargin and tunicamycin, two inducers of ER stress, and atrazine, a promoter of mitochondrial stress. Each pharmacological agent caused mitochondrial dysfunction, which was characterized by reduced intracellular ATP, mitochondrial membrane potential, and endogenous cellular respiration as well as an augmentation of oxidative stress. Oligonucleotide microarray analysis followed by semiquantitative RT-PCR validation assays revealed that thapsigargin and tunicamycin downregulated the expression of most mitochondria-related genes in a manner similar to that induced by atrazine. In contrast, atrazine did not alter the expression of markers of ER stress. Three-dimensional principal component analysis showed that the gene expression profile produced by atrazine treatment was distinct from that generated by ER stress. However, all three agents impaired insulin receptor substrate-1 and Akt phosphorylation in the insulin signaling pathway. Ectopic overexpression of mitochondrial transcription factor A reversed the effects of thapsigargin on mitochondria and Akt signaling. We conclude that ER stress induces neuronal cell death through common perturbation of mitochondrial function and Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung Koo
- Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, Department of Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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26
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Wang Z, Shen J, Wang J, Lu T, Li C, Zhang X, Liu L, Ding Z. Lithium attenuates bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity in vitro through phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/threonine-serine protein kinase B- and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-dependent mechanisms. Neuroscience 2012; 206:190-200. [PMID: 22233781 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Local anesthetics (LAs) are necessary for the regional anesthesia, spinal anesthesia, and pain management. However, the application of LAs may cause neurotoxicity and result in postoperative neurological complications. Lithium is a mood stabilizer for the treatment of bipolar disorder and may exert neuroprotective effects. In this study, we evaluated the effects of lithium on bupivacaine (a frequently used LAs)-induced injury in mouse neuroblastoma neuro 2a (N2a) cells. N2a cells were treated with bupivacaine in the presence or absence of lithium. After treatment, the cell injury was evaluated by examination of viability, morphology changes, and nuclear condensation. The levels of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) and activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/ threonine-serine protein kinase B (Akt) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were also examined. In a separate experiment, we investigated the effect of Akt and ERK inhibition on cell injury after bupivacaine and lithium treatment. Pretreatment of N2a cells with lithium significantly attenuated bupivacaine-induced cell injury. Lithium pretreatment completely reversed the suppression of PI3K/Akt and ERK signalings and significantly prevented the decline of ΔΨm in N2a cells after bupivacaine treatment. More importantly, pharmacological inhibition of Akt and ERK diminished the protective effect of lithium against bupivacaine-induced neuronal death. Our data suggest that lithium pretreatment provides a protective effect on bupivacaine-induced neuronal cell injury. This action of lithium is mediated through, at least in part, the activating of PI3K/Akt- and ERK-dependent mechanisms. Because lithium is a clinically proved safety drug for neurons, it is worthwhile to identify whether coadministration of LAs with lithium will decrease the risks of LAs-induced postoperative neurological complications in clinic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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27
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Conditional deletion of Dicer in vascular smooth muscle cells leads to the developmental delay and embryonic mortality. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 408:369-74. [PMID: 21371421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.02.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dicer is a RNAase III enzyme that cleaves double stranded RNA and generates small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA). The goal of this study is to examine the role of Dicer and miRNAs in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We deleted Dicer in VSMCs of mice, which caused a developmental delay that manifested as early as embryonic day E12.5, leading to embryonic death between E14.5 and E15.5 due to extensive hemorrhage in the liver, brain, and skin. Dicer KO embryos showed dilated blood vessels and a disarray of vascular architecture between E14.5 and E15.5. VSMC proliferation was significantly inhibited in Dicer KOs. The expression of VSMC marker genes were significantly downregulated in Dicer cKO embryos. The vascular structure of the yolk sac and embryo in Dicer KOs was lost to an extent that no blood vessels could be identified after E15.5. Expression of most miRNAs examined was compromised in VSMCs of Dicer KO. Our results indicate that Dicer is required for vascular development and regulates vascular remodeling by modulating VSMC proliferation and differentiation.
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Ma R, Wang X, Lu C, Li C, Cheng Y, Ding G, Liu L, Ding Z. Dexamethasone attenuated bupivacaine-induced neuron injury in vitro through a threonine–serine protein kinase B-dependent mechanism. Neuroscience 2010; 167:329-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Revised: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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