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Liu Y, Yang T, Rong J, Yuan J, Man L, Wei M, Fan J, Lan Y, Liu Y, Gong G, Lu Y, Song X, Wang Z, Huang L. Integrated analysis of natural glycans using a versatile pyrazolone-type heterobifunctional tag ANPMP. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 327:121617. [PMID: 38171699 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Glycans mediate various biological processes through carbohydrate-protein interactions, and glycan microarrays have become indispensable tools for understanding these mechanisms. However, advances in functional glycomics are hindered by the absence of convenient and universal methods for obtaining natural glycan libraries with diverse structures from glycoconjugates. To address this challenge, we have developed an integrative approach that enables one-pot release and simultaneously capture, separation, structural characterization, and functional analysis of N/O-glycans. Using this approach, glycoconjugates are incubated with a pyrazolone-type heterobifunctional tag-ANPMP to obtain glycan-2ANPMP conjugates, which are then converted to glycan-AEPMP conjugates. We prepared a tagged glycan library from porcine gastric mucin, soy protein, human milk oligosaccharides, etc. Following derivatization by N-acetylation and permethylation, glycans were subjected to detailed structural characterization by ESI-MSn analysis, which revealed >83 highly pure glycan-AEPMPs containing various natural glycan epitopes. A shotgun microarray is constructed to study the fine details of glycan-bindings by proteins and antisera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering of Xi'an, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China
| | - Tong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering of Xi'an, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China
| | - Jinqiao Rong
- Key Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering of Xi'an, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China
| | - Jinhang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering of Xi'an, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China
| | - Lijuan Man
- Key Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering of Xi'an, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China
| | - Ming Wei
- Key Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering of Xi'an, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China
| | - Jiangbo Fan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, PR China
| | - Yao Lan
- Key Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering of Xi'an, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China
| | - Yinchuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering of Xi'an, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China
| | - Guiping Gong
- Key Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering of Xi'an, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China
| | - Yu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering of Xi'an, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China
| | - Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering of Xi'an, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China.
| | - Linjuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering of Xi'an, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China.
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2
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Wang X, Pei J, Hao D, Zhang Y, Liao Y, Wang Q, Fan J, Huang L, Wang Z. Online PGC-LC-ESI-MS/MS comparative analysis of variations in human milk O-glycopatterns from different secretor status. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 315:121004. [PMID: 37230641 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
O-glycome is one of the important components of glycoconjugates in human milk which is speculated to provide protective features similar to those observed in free oligosaccharides. The effects of maternal secretor status on free oligosaccharides and N-glycome in milk have been well researched and documented. Currently, milk O-glycome of secretors (Se+) and nonsecretors (Se-) was investigated through reductive β-elimination combined with porous graphitized carbon-liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 70 presumptive O-glycan structures were identified, of which 25 O-glycans (including 14 sulfated O-glycans) were reported for the first time. Notably, 23 O-glycans exhibited significant differences between Se+ and Se- samples (p < 0.05). Compared to Se- group, the O-glycans of the Se+ group was two times more abundant in the total glycosylation, sialylation, fucosylation, and sulfation (p < 0.01). In conclusion, approximately one-third of the milk O-glycosylation was influenced by maternal FUT2-related secretor status. Our data will lay a foundation for the study of O-glycans structure-function relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jiahuan Pei
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Daokuan Hao
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yujie Liao
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Qingling Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jiangbo Fan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Linjuan Huang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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3
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Wang X, Li Z, Li W, Li C, Liu J, Lu Y, Fan J, Ren H, Huang L, Wang Z. Gestational diabetes mellitus affects the fucosylation and sialylation levels of N/O-glycans in human milk glycoproteins. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 301:120312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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4
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Pekdemir B, Duman H, Arslan A, Kaplan M, Karyelioğlu M, Özer T, Kayılı HM, Salih B, Henrick BM, Duar RM, Karav S. Immobilization of a Bifidobacterial Endo-ß-N-Acetylglucosaminidase to Generate Bioactive Compounds for Food Industry. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:922423. [PMID: 35935492 PMCID: PMC9353140 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.922423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated N-glycans are considered next-generation bioactive prebiotic compounds due to their selective stimulation of beneficial microbes. These compounds are glycosidically attached to proteins through N-acetylglucosamines via specific asparagine residue (AsN-X-Ser/Thr). Certain bacteria such as Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis (B. infantis) have been shown to be capable of utilizing conjugated N-glycans, owing to their specialized genomic abilities. B. infantis possess a unique enzyme, Endo-ß-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EndoBI-1), which cleaves all types of conjugated N-glycans from glycoproteins. In this study, recombinantly cloned EndoBI-1 enzyme activity was investigated using various immobilization methods: 1) adsorption, 2) entrapment-based alginate immobilization, 3) SulfoLink-, and 4) AminoLink-based covalent bonding immobilization techniques were compared to develop the optimum application of EndoBI-1 to food processes. The yield of enzyme immobilization and the activity of each immobilized enzyme by different approaches were investigated. The N-glycans released from lactoperoxidase (LPO) using different immobilized enzyme forms were characterized using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS). As expected, regardless of the techniques, the enzyme activity decreased after the immobilization methods. The enzyme activity of adsorption and entrapment-based alginate immobilization was found to be 71.55% ± 0.6 and 20.32% ± 3.18, respectively, whereas the activity of AminoLink- and SulfoLink-based covalent bonding immobilization was found to be 58.05 ± 1.98 and 47.49% ± 0.30 compared to the free form of the enzyme, respectively. However, extended incubation time recovery achieved activity similar to that of the free form. More importantly, each immobilization method resulted in the same glycan profile containing 11 different N-glycan structures from a model glycoprotein LPO based on MALDI-TOF MS analysis. The glycan data analysis suggests that immobilization of EndoBI-1 is not affecting the enzyme specificity, which enables full glycan release without a limitation. Hence, different immobilization methods investigated in this study can be chosen for effective enzyme immobilization to obtain bioactive glycans. These findings highlight that further optimization of these methods can be a promising approach for future processing scale-up and commercialization of EndoBI-1 and similar enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Pekdemir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Hatice Duman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Ayşenur Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Merve Kaplan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Melda Karyelioğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Tolgahan Özer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Hacı Mehmet Kayılı
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Bekir Salih
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bethany M. Henrick
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Evolve BioSystems Inc. Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Sercan Karav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
- *Correspondence: Sercan Karav,
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5
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Grabarics M, Lettow M, Kirschbaum C, Greis K, Manz C, Pagel K. Mass Spectrometry-Based Techniques to Elucidate the Sugar Code. Chem Rev 2022; 122:7840-7908. [PMID: 34491038 PMCID: PMC9052437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cells encode information in the sequence of biopolymers, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and glycans. Although glycans are essential to all living organisms, surprisingly little is known about the "sugar code" and the biological roles of these molecules. The reason glycobiology lags behind its counterparts dealing with nucleic acids and proteins lies in the complexity of carbohydrate structures, which renders their analysis extremely challenging. Building blocks that may differ only in the configuration of a single stereocenter, combined with the vast possibilities to connect monosaccharide units, lead to an immense variety of isomers, which poses a formidable challenge to conventional mass spectrometry. In recent years, however, a combination of innovative ion activation methods, commercialization of ion mobility-mass spectrometry, progress in gas-phase ion spectroscopy, and advances in computational chemistry have led to a revolution in mass spectrometry-based glycan analysis. The present review focuses on the above techniques that expanded the traditional glycomics toolkit and provided spectacular insight into the structure of these fascinating biomolecules. To emphasize the specific challenges associated with them, major classes of mammalian glycans are discussed in separate sections. By doing so, we aim to put the spotlight on the most important element of glycobiology: the glycans themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márkó Grabarics
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maike Lettow
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carla Kirschbaum
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kim Greis
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Manz
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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6
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Zhang Q, Wang S, Li Z, Lasanajak Y, Li L, Song X. Regeneration of Free Reducing Glycans from Reductive Amination-Tagged Glycans by Oxone. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3736-3740. [PMID: 35143205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glycans are usually fluorescently tagged by reductive amination for analytic tools. However, free reducing glycan regeneration is sometimes important and necessary for further structural or functional studies. Here, we introduce a new method for efficiently removing fluorescent tags from glycoconjugates by a simple treatment with Oxone. This method is proven to be fast and general after being tested on a series of common saccharides and widely used tags. We successfully achieved N-glycopeptide synthesis by using the regenerated glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Shuaishuai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - Zhonghua Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Yi Lasanajak
- Emory Glycomics and Molecular Interactions Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States.,Emory Glycomics and Molecular Interactions Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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7
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In vitro synthesis of mucin-type O-glycans using saccharide primers comprising GalNAc-Ser and GalNAc-Thr residues. Carbohydr Res 2021; 511:108495. [PMID: 35026558 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycosylation of serine or threonine residue in proteins is known to be one of the major post-translational modifications. In this study, two novel alkyl glycosides, Nα-lauryl-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-d-galactopyranosyl)-l-serineamide (GalNAc-Ser-C12) and Nα-lauryl-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-d-galactopyranosyl)-l-threonineamide (GalNAc-Thr-C12) were synthesized as saccharide primers to prime mucin-type O-glycan biosynthesis in cells. Upon incubating human gastric cancer MKN45 cells with the saccharide primers, 22 glycosylated products were obtained, and their structures were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and enzyme digestion. The amounts of glycosylated products were dependent on the amino acid residues in the saccharide primers. For example, in vitro synthesis of T antigen (Galβ1-3GalNAc), fucosyl-T (Fucα1-2Galβ1-3GalNAc), and sialyl-T (NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-3GalNAc) preferred a serine residue, whereas sialyl-Tn (NeuAcα2-6GalNAc) preferred a threonine residue. Furthermore, the glycosylated products derived from GalNAc-Ser/Thr-C12 and Gal-GalNAc-Ser/Thr-C12 using cell-free synthesis showed the same amino acid selectivity as those in the cell experiments. These results indicate that glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of mucin-type O-glycans distinguish amino acid residues conjugated to GalNAc. The saccharide primers developed in this study might be useful for comparing mucin-type oligosaccharides in cells and constructing oligosaccharide libraries to study cell function.
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8
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Lang Y, Zhang Y, Wang C, Huang L, Liu X, Song N, Li G, Yu G. Comparison of Different Labeling Techniques for the LC-MS Profiling of Human Milk Oligosaccharides. Front Chem 2021; 9:691299. [PMID: 34589467 PMCID: PMC8473617 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.691299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) exhibit various biological activities for infants, such as serving as prebiotics, blocking pathogens, and aiding in brain development. HMOs are a complex mixture of hetero-oligosaccharides that are generally highly branched, containing multiple structural isomers and no intrinsic chromophores, presenting a challenge to both their resolution and quantitative detection. While liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has become the primary strategy for analysis of various compounds, the very polar and chromophore-free properties of native glycans hinder their separation in LC and ionization in MS. Various labeling approaches have been developed to achieve separation of glycans with higher resolution and greater sensitivity of detection. Here, we compared five commonly used labeling techniques [by 2-aminobenzamide, 2-aminopyridine, 2-aminobenzoic acid (2-AA), 2,6-diaminopyridine, and 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone] for analyzing HMOs specifically under hydrophilic-interaction chromatography-mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS) conditions. The 2-AA labeling showed the most consistent deprotonated molecular ions, the enhanced sensitivity with the least structural selectivity, and the sequencing-informative tandem MS fragmentation spectra for the widest range of HMOs; therefore, this labeling technique was selected for further optimization under the porous graphitized carbon chromatography-mass spectrometry (PGC-MS) conditions. The combination strategy of 2-AA labeling and PGC-MS techniques provided online decontamination (removal of excess 2-AA, salts, and lactose) and resolute detection of many HMOs, enabling us to characterize the profiles of complicated HMO mixtures comprehensively in a simple protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhi Lang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Limei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ni Song
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Guoyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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9
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Harvey DJ. ANALYSIS OF CARBOHYDRATES AND GLYCOCONJUGATES BY MATRIX-ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION/IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY: AN UPDATE FOR 2015-2016. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:408-565. [PMID: 33725404 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This review is the ninth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2016. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and the enormous impact that MALDI imaging is having. MALDI, although invented over 30 years ago is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and range of applications show no sign of deminishing. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
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10
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High-throughput and high-sensitivity N-Glycan profiling: A platform for biopharmaceutical development and disease biomarker discovery. Anal Biochem 2021; 623:114205. [PMID: 33891963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation contributes to critical biological function of glycoproteins. Glycan analysis is essential for the production of biopharmaceuticals as well as for the identification of disease biomarkers. However, glycans are highly heterogeneous, which has considerably hampered the progress of glycomics. Here, we present an improved 96-well plate format platform for streamlined glycan profiling that takes advantage of rapid glycoprotein denaturation, deglycosylation, fluorescent derivatization, and on-matrix glycan clean-up. This approach offers high sensitivity with consistent identification and quantification of diverse N-glycans across multiple samples on a high-throughput scale. We demonstrate its capability for N-glycan profiling of glycoproteins from various sources, including two recombinant monoclonal antibodies produced from Chinese Hamster Ovary cells, EG2-hFc and rituximab, polyclonal antibodies purified from human serum, and total glycoproteins from human serum. Combined with the complementary information obtained by sequential digestion from exoglycosidase arrays, this approach allows the detection and identification of multiple N-glycans in these complex biological samples. The reagents, workflow, and Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HILIC-FLD), are simple enough to be implemented into a straightforward user-friendly setup. This improved technology provides a powerful tool in support of rapid advancement of glycan analysis for biopharmaceutical development and biomarker discovery for clinical disease diagnosis.
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden Wilkinson
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training, Blackrock, Dublin, Ireland
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Radka Saldova
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training, Blackrock, Dublin, Ireland
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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12
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Zhang Q, Li Z, Song X. Preparation of Complex Glycans From Natural Sources for Functional Study. Front Chem 2020; 8:508. [PMID: 32719769 PMCID: PMC7348041 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
One major barrier in glycoscience is the lack of diverse and biomedically relevant complex glycans in sufficient quantities for functional study. Complex glycans from natural sources serve as an important source of these glycans and an alternative to challenging chemoenzymatic synthesis. This review discusses preparation of complex glycans from several classes of glycoconjugates using both enzymatic and chemical release approaches. Novel technologies have been developed to advance the large-scale preparation of complex glycans from natural sources. We also highlight recent approaches and methods developed in functional and fluorescent tagging and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) isolation of released glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Zhonghua Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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13
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Kim J, Ryu C, Ha J, Lee J, Kim D, Ji M, Park CS, Lee J, Kim DK, Kim HH. Structural and Quantitative Characterization of Mucin-Type O-Glycans and the Identification of O-Glycosylation Sites in Bovine Submaxillary Mucin. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040636. [PMID: 32326134 PMCID: PMC7226346 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM) is a gel-forming glycoprotein polymer, and Ser/Thr-linked glycans (O-glycans) are important in regulating BSM's viscoelasticity and polymerization. However, details of O-glycosylation have not been reported. This study investigates the structural and quantitative characteristics of O-glycans and identifies O-glycosylation sites in BSM using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The O-glycans (consisting of di- to octa-saccharides) and their quantities (%) relative to total O-glycans (100%; 1.1 pmol per 1 μg of BSM) were identified with 14 major (>1.0%), 12 minor (0.1%-1.0%), and eight trace (<0.1%) O-glycans, which were characterized based on their constituents (sialylation (14 O-glycans; 81.9%, sum of relative quantities of each glycan), non-sialylation (20; 18.1%), fucosylation (20; 17.5%), and terminal-galactosylation (6; 3.6%)) and six core structure types [Gal-GalNAc, Gal-(GlcNAc)GalNAc, GlcNAc-GalNAc, GlcNAc-(GlcNAc)GalNAc, and GalNAc-GalNAc]. O-glycosylation sites were identified using O-glycopeptides (bold underlined; 56SGETRTSVI, 259SHSSSGRSRTI, 272GSPSSVSSAEQI, 307RPSYGAL, 625QTLGPL, 728TMTTRTSVVV, and 1080RPEDNTAVA) obtained from proteolytic BSM; these sites are in the four domains of BSM. The gel-forming mucins share common domain structures and glycosylation patterns; these results could provide useful information on mucin-type O-glycans. This is the first study to characterize O-glycans and identify O-glycosylation sites in BSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Kim
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (J.K.); (C.R.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (D.K.); (M.J.); (C.S.P.); (J.L.)
| | - Changsoo Ryu
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (J.K.); (C.R.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (D.K.); (M.J.); (C.S.P.); (J.L.)
| | - Jongkwan Ha
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (J.K.); (C.R.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (D.K.); (M.J.); (C.S.P.); (J.L.)
| | - Junmyoung Lee
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (J.K.); (C.R.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (D.K.); (M.J.); (C.S.P.); (J.L.)
| | - Donghwi Kim
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (J.K.); (C.R.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (D.K.); (M.J.); (C.S.P.); (J.L.)
| | - Minkyoo Ji
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (J.K.); (C.R.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (D.K.); (M.J.); (C.S.P.); (J.L.)
| | - Chi Soo Park
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (J.K.); (C.R.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (D.K.); (M.J.); (C.S.P.); (J.L.)
| | - Jaeryong Lee
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (J.K.); (C.R.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (D.K.); (M.J.); (C.S.P.); (J.L.)
| | - Dae Kyong Kim
- Department of Environmental & Health Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.K.K.); (H.H.K.); Tel.: +82-02-820-5610 (D.K.K.); +82-02-820-5612 (H.H.K.)
| | - Ha Hyung Kim
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (J.K.); (C.R.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (D.K.); (M.J.); (C.S.P.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: (D.K.K.); (H.H.K.); Tel.: +82-02-820-5610 (D.K.K.); +82-02-820-5612 (H.H.K.)
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Josenhans C, Müthing J, Elling L, Bartfeld S, Schmidt H. How bacterial pathogens of the gastrointestinal tract use the mucosal glyco-code to harness mucus and microbiota: New ways to study an ancient bag of tricks. Int J Med Microbiol 2020; 310:151392. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2020.151392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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15
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Martinez JER, Thomas B, Flitsch SL. Glycan Array Technology. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 175:435-456. [PMID: 31907566 DOI: 10.1007/10_2019_112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycan (or carbohydrate) arrays have become an essential tool in glycomics, providing fast and high-throughput data on protein-carbohydrate interactions with small amounts of carbohydrate ligands. The general concepts of glycan arrays have been adopted from other microarray technologies such as those used for nucleic acid and proteins. However, carbohydrates have presented their own challenges, in particular in terms of access to glycan probes, linker attachment chemistries and analysis, which will be reviewed in this chapter. As more and more glycan probes have become available through chemical and enzymatic synthesis and robust linker chemistries have been developed, the applications of glycan arrays have dramatically increased over the past 10 years, which will be illustrated with recent examples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Baptiste Thomas
- School of Chemistry and MIB, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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16
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Mucin O-glycan microarrays. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2019; 56:187-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2019.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Li Z, Chernova TA, Ju T. Novel Technologies for Quantitative O-Glycomics and Amplification/Preparation of Cellular O-Glycans. SYNTHETIC GLYCOMES 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788016575-00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycosylation (O-glycans, O-glycome) characterized by GalNAc linked to Serine/Threonine or even tyrosine residues in proteins is one of the major types of glycosylations. In animals, O-glycans on glycoproteins participate in many critical biological processes such as cell adhesion, development, and immunity. Importantly, the O-glycome is different in a tissue/cell-specific manner, and often altered in cells at their pathological states; and this alteration, in turn, affects cellular properties and functions. Clearly, the Functional O-glycomics, which concerns biological roles of O-glycans, requires a comprehensive understanding of O-glycome. Structural and/or quantitative analysis of O-glycans, however, is an unmet demand because no enzyme can universally release O-glycans from glycoproteins. Furthermore, the preparation of complex O-glycans for biological studies is even more challenging. To meet these demands, we have developed a novel technology termed Cellular O-glycome Reporter/Amplification (CORA) for profiling cellular O-glycan structures and amplifying/preparing complex O-glycans from cultured cells. In this chapter, we describe the recent advances of CORA: quantitative-CORA (qCORA) and preparative-CORA (pCORA). qCORA takes the strategy of “metabolic stable isotopic labeling O-glycome of culture cells (SILOC),” and pCORA adapts cells to “O-glycan factories” when supplied with R-α-GalNAc(Ac)3 derivatives. qCORA and pCORA technologies can facilitate the cellular O-glycomics and functional O-glycomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Tatiana A. Chernova
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Tongzhong Ju
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA 30322 USA
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring MD 20993 USA
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18
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Zhang Q, Li Z, Wang Y, Zheng Q, Li J. Mass spectrometry for protein sialoglycosylation. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:652-680. [PMID: 29228471 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sialic acids are a family of structurally unique and negatively charged nine-carbon sugars, normally found at the terminal positions of glycan chains on glycoproteins and glycolipids. The glycosylation of proteins is a universal post-translational modification in eukaryotic species and regulates essential biological functions, in which the most common sialic acid is N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (2-keto-5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galactononulopyranos-1-onic acid) (Neu5NAc). Because of the properties of sialic acids under general mass spectrometry (MS) conditions, such as instability, ionization discrimination, and mixed adducts, the use of MS in the analysis of protein sialoglycosylation is still challenging. The present review is focused on the application of MS related methodologies to the study of both N- and O-linked sialoglycans. We reviewed MS-based strategies for characterizing sialylation by analyzing intact glycoproteins, proteolytic digested glycopeptides, and released glycans. The review concludes with future perspectives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Environment and Health, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zack Li
- School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Environment and Health, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Wang C, Lu Y, Han J, Jin W, Li L, Zhang Y, Song X, Huang L, Wang Z. Simultaneous Release and Labeling of O- and N-Glycans Allowing for Rapid Glycomic Analysis by Online LC-UV-ESI-MS/MS. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:2345-2357. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengjian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Jianli Han
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Wanjun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Lingmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, 1510 Clifton Road, Suite 4117, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Linjuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
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20
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3-Amino-1-phenyl-2-pyrazoline-5-ketone as a heterobifunctional chromogenic reagent to derivatize reducing glycans for subsequent online LC/MS analysis. Anal Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Frost DC, Li L. Recent advances in mass spectrometry-based glycoproteomics. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2018; 95:71-123. [PMID: 24985770 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800453-1.00003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation plays fundamental roles in many biological processes as one of the most common, and the most complex, posttranslational modification. Alterations in glycosylation profile are now known to be associated with many diseases. As a result, the discovery and detailed characterization of glycoprotein disease biomarkers is a primary interest of biomedical research. Advances in mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycoproteomics and glycomics are increasingly enabling qualitative and quantitative approaches for site-specific structural analysis of protein glycosylation. While the complexity presented by glycan heterogeneity and the wide dynamic range of clinically relevant samples like plasma, serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and tissue make comprehensive analyses of the glycoproteome a challenging task, the ongoing efforts into the development of glycoprotein enrichment, enzymatic digestion, and separation strategies combined with novel quantitative MS methodologies have greatly improved analytical sensitivity, specificity, and throughput. This review summarizes current MS-based glycoproteomics approaches and highlights recent advances in its application to cancer biomarker and neurodegenerative disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin C Frost
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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22
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Everest-Dass AV, Moh ESX, Ashwood C, Shathili AMM, Packer NH. Human disease glycomics: technology advances enabling protein glycosylation analysis - part 1. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:165-182. [PMID: 29285957 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1421946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Protein glycosylation is recognized as an important post-translational modification, with specific substructures having significant effects on protein folding, conformation, distribution, stability and activity. However, due to the structural complexity of glycans, elucidating glycan structure-function relationships is demanding. The fine detail of glycan structures attached to proteins (including sequence, branching, linkage and anomericity) is still best analysed after the glycans are released from the purified or mixture of glycoproteins (glycomics). The technologies currently available for glycomics are becoming streamlined and standardized and many features of protein glycosylation can now be determined using instruments available in most protein analytical laboratories. Areas covered: This review focuses on the current glycomics technologies being commonly used for the analysis of the microheterogeneity of monosaccharide composition, sequence, branching and linkage of released N- and O-linked glycans that enable the determination of precise glycan structural determinants presented on secreted proteins and on the surface of all cells. Expert commentary: Several emerging advances in these technologies enabling glycomics analysis are discussed. The technological and bioinformatics requirements to be able to accurately assign these precise glycan features at biological levels in a disease context are assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun V Everest-Dass
- a Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,b Institute for Glycomics , Griffith University , Gold Coast , Australia.,c ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Edward S X Moh
- a Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,c ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Christopher Ashwood
- a Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,c ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Abdulrahman M M Shathili
- a Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,c ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Nicolle H Packer
- a Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,b Institute for Glycomics , Griffith University , Gold Coast , Australia.,c ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
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23
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Yang S, Hu Y, Sokoll L, Zhang H. Simultaneous quantification of N- and O-glycans using a solid-phase method. Nat Protoc 2017; 12:1229-1244. [PMID: 28518173 PMCID: PMC5877797 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2017.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation has a pivotal role in a diverse range of biological activities, modulating the structure and function of proteins. Glycogens coupled to the nitrogen atom (N-linked) of asparagine side chains or to the oxygen atom (O-linked) of serine and threonine side chains represent the two major protein glycosylation forms. N-glycans can be released by glycosidases, whereas O-glycans are often cleaved by chemical reaction. However, it is challenging to combine these enzymatic and chemical reactions in order to analyze both N- and O-glycans. We recently developed a glycoprotei n immobilization for glycan extraction (GIG) method that allows for the simultaneous analysis of N- and O-glycans on a solid support. GIG enables quantitative analysis of N-glycans and O-glycans from a single specimen and can be applied to a high-throughput automated platform. Here we provide a step-by-step GIG protocol that includes procedures for (i) protein immobilization on an aldehyde-active solid support by reductive amination; (ii) stabilization of fragile sialic acids by carbodiimide coupling; (iii) release of N-glycans by PNGase F digestion; (iv) release of O-glycans by β-elimination using ammonia in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) to prevent alditol peeling from O-glycans; (v) mass spectrometry (MS) analysis; and (vi) data analysis for identification of glycans using in-house developed software (GIG Tool; free to download via http://www.biomarkercenter.org/gigtool). The GIG tool extracts precursor masses, oxonium ions and glycan fragments from tandem (liquid chromatography (LC)-MS/MS) mass spectra for glycan identification, and reporter ions from quaternary amine containing isobaric tag for glycan (QUANTITY) isobaric tags are used for quantification of the relative abundance of N-glycans. The GIG protocol takes ∼3 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yingwei Hu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lori Sokoll
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Mulagapati S, Koppolu V, Raju TS. Decoding of O-Linked Glycosylation by Mass Spectrometry. Biochemistry 2017; 56:1218-1226. [PMID: 28196325 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b01244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation (N- and O-linked) plays an important role in many biological processes, including protein structure and function. However, the structural elucidation of glycans, specifically O-linked glycans, remains a major challenge and is often overlooked during protein analysis. Recently, mass spectrometry (MS) has matured as a powerful technology for high-quality analytical characterization of O-linked glycans. This review summarizes the recent developments and insights of MS-based glycomics technologies, with a focus on mucin-type O-glycan analysis. Three main MS-based approaches are outlined: O-glycan profiling (structural analysis of released O-glycan), a "bottom-up" approach (analysis of an O-glycan covalently attached to a glycopeptide), and a "top-down" approach (analysis of a glycan attached to an intact glycoprotein). In addition, the most widely used MS ionization techniques, i.e., matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization and electrospray ionization, as well as ion activation techniques like collision-induced dissociation, electron capture dissociation, and electron transfer dissociation during O-glycan analysis are discussed. The MS technical approaches mentioned above are already major improvements for studying O-linked glycosylation and appear to be valuable for in-depth analysis of the type of O-glycan attached, branching patterns, and the occupancy of O-glycosylation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- SriHariRaju Mulagapati
- Bioassay Development and Quality, Analytical Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Veerendra Koppolu
- Bioassay Development and Quality, Analytical Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - T Shantha Raju
- Bioassay Development and Quality, Analytical Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
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25
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Yang S, Höti N, Yang W, Liu Y, Chen L, Li S, Zhang H. Simultaneous analyses of N-linked and O-linked glycans of ovarian cancer cells using solid-phase chemoenzymatic method. Clin Proteomics 2017; 14:3. [PMID: 28100988 PMCID: PMC5237303 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-017-9137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycans play critical roles in a number of biological activities. Two common types of glycans, N-linked and O-linked, have been extensively analyzed in the last decades. N-glycans are typically released from glycoproteins by enzymes, while O-glycans are released from glycoproteins by chemical methods. It is important to identify and quantify both N- and O-linked glycans of glycoproteins to determine the changes of glycans. METHODS The effort has been dedicated to study glycans from ovarian cancer cells treated with O-linked glycosylation inhibitor qualitatively and quantitatively. We used a solid-phase chemoenzymatic approach to systematically identify and quantify N-glycans and O-glycans in the ovarian cancer cells. It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). RESULTS We used ovarian cancer cell lines to study effect of O-linked glycosylation inhibitor on protein glycosylation. Results suggested that the inhibition of O-linked glycosylation reduced the levels of O-glycans. Interestingly, it appeared to increase N-glycan level in a lower dose of the O-linked glycosylation inhibitor. The sequential release and analyses of N-linked and O-linked glycans using chemoenzymatic approach are a platform for studying N-glycans and O-glycans in complex biological samples. CONCLUSION The solid-phase chemoenzymatic method was used to analyze both N-linked and O-linked glycans sequentially released from the ovarian cancer cells. The biological studies on O-linked glycosylation inhibition indicate the effects of O-glycosylation inhibition to glycan changes in both O-linked and N-linked glycan expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Smith Bldg 4013, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - Naseruddin Höti
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Smith Bldg 4013, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - Weiming Yang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Smith Bldg 4013, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Smith Bldg 4013, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - Lijun Chen
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Smith Bldg 4013, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - Shuwei Li
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland College Park, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Smith Bldg 4013, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
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Karlsson NG, Jin C, Rojas-Macias MA, Adamczyk B. Next Generation O-Linked Glycomics. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2017. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1602.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niclas G. Karlsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg
| | - Chunsheng Jin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg
| | - Miguel A. Rojas-Macias
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg
| | - Barbara Adamczyk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg
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Stine KJ. Application of Porous Materials to Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycoscience. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2017; 74:61-136. [PMID: 29173727 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in using a range of porous materials to meet research needs in carbohydrate chemistry and glycoscience in general. Among the applications of porous materials reviewed in this chapter, enrichment of glycans from biological samples prior to separation and analysis by mass spectrometry is a major emphasis. Porous materials offer high surface area, adjustable pore sizes, and tunable surface chemistry for interacting with glycans, by boronate affinity, hydrophilic interactions, molecular imprinting, and polar interactions. Among the materials covered in this review are mesoporous silica and related materials, porous graphitic carbon, mesoporous carbon, porous polymers, and nanoporous gold. In some applications, glycans are enzymatically or chemically released from glycoproteins or glycopeptides, and the porous materials have the advantage of size selectivity admitting only the glycans into the pores and excluding proteins. Immobilization of lectins onto porous materials of suitable pore size allows for the use of lectin-carbohydrate interactions in capture or separation of glycoproteins. Porous material surfaces modified with carbohydrates can be used for the selective capture of lectins. Controlled release of therapeutics from porous materials mediated by glycans has been reported, and so has therapeutic targeting using carbohydrate-modified porous particles. Additional applications of porous materials in glycoscience include their use in the supported synthesis of oligosaccharides and in the development of biosensors for glycans.
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Karav S, Cohen JL, Barile D, de Moura Bell JMLN. Recent advances in immobilization strategies for glycosidases. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 33:104-112. [PMID: 27718339 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Glycans play important biological roles in cell-to-cell interactions, protection against pathogens, as well as in proper protein folding and stability, and are thus interesting targets for scientists. Although their mechanisms of action have been widely investigated and hypothesized, their biological functions are not well understood due to the lack of deglycosylation methods for large-scale isolation of these compounds. Isolation of glycans in their native state is crucial for the investigation of their biological functions. However, current enzymatic and chemical deglycosylation techniques require harsh pretreatment and reaction conditions (high temperature and use of detergents) that hinder the isolation of native glycan structures. Indeed, the recent isolation of new endoglycosidases that are able to cleave a wider variety of linkages and efficiently hydrolyze native proteins has opened up the opportunity to elucidate the biological roles of a higher variety of glycans in their native state. As an example, our research group recently isolated a novel Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697 (EndoBI-1) that cleaves N-N'-diacetyl chitobiose moieties found in the N-linked glycan (N-glycan) core of high mannose, hybrid, and complex N-glycans. This enzyme is also active on native proteins, which enables native glycan isolation, a key advantage when evaluating their biological activities. Efficient, stable, and economically viable enzymatic release of N-glycans requires the selection of appropriate immobilization strategies. In this review, we discuss the state-of-the-art of various immobilization techniques (physical adsorption, covalent binding, aggregation, and entrapment) for glycosidases, as well as their potential substrates and matrices. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:104-112, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sercan Karav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Canakkale 18 Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Joshua L Cohen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616
| | - Daniela Barile
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616.,Foods for Health Institute, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616
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29
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Quantitative profiling of O-glycans by electrospray ionization- and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry after in-gel derivatization with isotope-coded 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 935:187-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Song X, Ju H, Lasanajak Y, Kudelka MR, Smith DF, Cummings RD. Oxidative release of natural glycans for functional glycomics. Nat Methods 2016; 13:528-34. [PMID: 27135973 PMCID: PMC4887297 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glycans have essential roles in biology and the etiology of many diseases. A major hurdle in studying glycans through functional glycomics is the lack of methods to release glycans from diverse types of biological samples. Here we describe an oxidative strategy using household bleach to release all types of free reducing N-glycans and O-glycan-acids from glycoproteins, and glycan nitriles from glycosphingolipids. Released glycans are directly useful in glycomic analyses and can be derivatized fluorescently for functional glycomics. This chemical method overcomes the limitations in glycan generation and promotes archiving and characterization of human and animal glycomes and their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hong Ju
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yi Lasanajak
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Matthew R Kudelka
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David F Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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31
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Hennig R, Cajic S, Borowiak M, Hoffmann M, Kottler R, Reichl U, Rapp E. Towards personalized diagnostics via longitudinal study of the human plasma N-glycome. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1728-38. [PMID: 27038647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Facilitated by substantial advances in analytical methods, plasma N-glycans have emerged as potential candidates for biomarkers. In the recent years, several investigations could link aberrant plasma N-glycosylation to numerous diseases. However, due to often limited specificity and sensitivity, only a very limited number of glycan biomarkers were approved by the authorities up to now. The inter-individual heterogeneity of the plasma N-glycomes might mask disease related changes in conventional large cross-sectional cohort studies, with a one-time sampling approach. But, a possible benefit of longitudinal sampling in biomarker discovery could be, that already small changes during disease progression are revealed, by monitoring the plasma N-glycome of individuals over time. To evaluate this, we collected blood plasma samples of five healthy donors over a time period of up to six years (min. 1.5 years). The plasma N-glycome was analyzed by xCGE-LIF, to investigate the intra-individual N-glycome variability over time. It is shown, that the plasma N-glycome of an individual is remarkably stable over a period of several years, and that observed small longitudinal changes are independent from seasons, but significantly correlated with lifestyle and environmental factors. Thus, the potential of future longitudinal biomarker discovery studies could be demonstrated, which is a further step towards personalized diagnostics. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Hennig
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; glyXera GmbH, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Samanta Cajic
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Marcus Hoffmann
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Robert Kottler
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Udo Reichl
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; Otto-von-Guericke University, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Erdmann Rapp
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; glyXera GmbH, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
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32
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He Y, Xie Q, Wang Y, Liang Y, Xu X, Li Y, Miao J, Chen Z, Li Y. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-based O-glycomics to evaluate glycosylation alterations in gastric cancer. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 10:206-15. [PMID: 26255982 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gastric cancer is the fourth most common malignant cancer worldwide. Important for tumorigenesis and progression, aberrant glycosylation occurs frequently in cancers. We investigated the differences in O-glycosylation in the serum of 157 gastric cancer patients (GC) and 144 healthy donors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used the method of labeling O-glycans (released from proteins) with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone followed by LC-MS analysis. Analyzing the LC-MS data by partial least squares discriminant and unpaired Student t test, combined with the structural information of O-glycans from LC-MS/MS in positive mode. RESULTS The expression level of core1, core2, ST antigen, and core2 complex O-glycans (m/z 733.33, m/z 809.42) were increased significantly (p < 0.0001), whereas m/z 529.75 and diST-antigen were decreased in the serum of GC compared with controls (p < 0.001). In addition, there were significant correlations between the abundance of the O-glycans and glycoproteins (MUC1, CEA) in the serum of GC. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Glycomics approaches identified multiple candidate antigens for patients with GC. The O-glycan structures are increased in the serum of GC, they may be candidates for carbohydrate tumor markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun He
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qin Xie
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yong Liang
- Clinical Laboratory, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated of Xuzhou Medical College, Huaian, P. R. China
| | - Xiukun Xu
- Suzhou Zhongying Medical Sciences and Technologies Company, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Suzhou Pharmavan Cancer Research Center Company, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jinsheng Miao
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zijun Chen
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutics, School of Chinese Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yunsen Li
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
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33
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Furukawa JI, Piao J, Yoshida Y, Okada K, Yokota I, Higashino K, Sakairi N, Shinohara Y. Quantitative O-Glycomics by Microwave-Assisted β-Elimination in the Presence of Pyrazolone Analogues. Anal Chem 2015; 87:7524-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Furukawa
- Laboratory
of Medical and Functional Glycomics, Graduate School of Advanced Life
Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Jinhua Piao
- Laboratory
of Medical and Functional Glycomics, Graduate School of Advanced Life
Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Yoshida
- Shionogi Innovation Center for Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Kita-21 Nishi-11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kazue Okada
- Laboratory
of Medical and Functional Glycomics, Graduate School of Advanced Life
Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Ikuko Yokota
- Laboratory
of Medical and Functional Glycomics, Graduate School of Advanced Life
Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kenichi Higashino
- Shionogi Innovation Center for Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Kita-21 Nishi-11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Nobuo Sakairi
- Graduate
School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yasuro Shinohara
- Laboratory
of Medical and Functional Glycomics, Graduate School of Advanced Life
Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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34
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Sić S, Maier NM, Rizzi AM. Quantitative fingerprinting of O-linked glycans released from proteins using isotopic coded labeling with deuterated 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1408:93-100. [PMID: 26184710 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of oligosaccharides attached to proteins as post-translational modification remains an important research field in the area of glycoproteomics as well as in biotechnology. The development of new tools for qualitative and quantitative analysis of glycans has gained high importance in recent years. This is particularly true with O-glycans for which quantitative data are still underrepresented in literature. This fact is probably due to the absence of an enzyme for general release of O-linked saccharides from glycoproteins and due to their low ionization yield in mass spectrometry (MS). In this paper, a method is established aimed at improved qualitative and quantitative analysis of mucin-type O-glycans. A chemical reaction combining release and derivatization of O-glycans in one step is combined here with mass spectrometric quantification. For the purpose of improved quantitative analysis, stable-isotope coded labeling by d0/d5 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolidone (PMP) was performed. The "heavy"-version of this label, penta-deutero (d5)-PMP, was synthesized for this purpose. Beneath improving the reproducibility of quantitation, PMP derivatization contributed to an enhancement of ionization yields in MS. By introducing an internal standard (e.g. GlcNAc3) the reproducibility for quantification can be improved. For higher abundant O-glycans a mean coefficient of variation (CV) less than 6% could be attained, for very low abundant CV values between 15 and 20%. For the determination of O-glycan profiles in mixtures, a HPLC separation was combined with a high resolution Qq-oaTOF instrument. RP-type stationary phases were successful in separating glycan species including some of isomeric ones. This separation step was particularly useful for removing of salts avoiding so the presence of various sodium clusters in the MS spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siniša Sić
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Norbert M Maier
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas M Rizzi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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35
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Song X, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Smith DF, Cummings RD. Glycan microarrays of fluorescently-tagged natural glycans. Glycoconj J 2015; 32:465-73. [PMID: 25877830 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-015-9584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses the challenges facing research in 'functional glycomics' and the novel technologies that are being developed to advance the field. The structural complexity of glycans and glycoconjugates makes studies of both their structures and recognition difficult. However, these intricate structures can be captured from their natural sources, isolated and fluorescently-tagged for detailed structural analysis and for presentation on glycan microarrays for functional recognition by glycan-binding proteins. These advances in glycan preparation and manipulation enable the streamlining of functional glycomics studies and will help to propel the field forward in studying natural, biologically relevant glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, The National Center for Functional Glycomics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Suite 4025, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Jamie Heimburg-Molinaro
- Department of Biochemistry, The National Center for Functional Glycomics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Suite 4025, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - David F Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, The National Center for Functional Glycomics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Suite 4025, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Biochemistry, The National Center for Functional Glycomics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Suite 4025, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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36
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37
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Li QK, Gabrielson E, Askin F, Chan DW, Zhang H. Glycoproteomics using fluid-based specimens in the discovery of lung cancer protein biomarkers: promise and challenge. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 7:55-69. [PMID: 23112109 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201200105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cancer in the United States and worldwide. In spite of the rapid progression in personalized treatments, the overall survival rate of lung cancer patients is still suboptimal. Over the past decade, tremendous efforts have been focused on the discovery of protein biomarkers to facilitate the early detection and monitoring of lung cancer progression during treatment. In addition to tumor tissues and cancer cell lines, a variety of biological material has been studied. Particularly in recent years, studies using fluid-based specimen or so-called "fluid-biopsy" specimens have progressed rapidly. Fluid specimens are relatively easier to collect than tumor tissue, and they can be repeatedly sampled during the disease progression. Glycoproteins are the major content of fluid specimens and have long been recognized to play fundamental roles in many physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we focus the discussion on recent advances of glycoproteomics, particularly in the identification of potential glyco protein biomarkers using fluid-based specimens in lung cancer. The purpose of this review is to summarize current strategies, achievements, and perspectives in the field. This insight will highlight the discovery of tumor-associated glycoprotein biomarkers in lung cancer and their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Kay Li
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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38
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Song X, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Cummings RD, Smith DF. Chemistry of natural glycan microarrays. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2014; 18:70-7. [PMID: 24487062 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycan microarrays have become indispensable tools for studying protein-glycan interactions. Along with chemo-enzymatic synthesis, glycans isolated from natural sources have played important roles in array development and will continue to be a major source of glycans. N-glycans and O-glycans from glycoproteins, and glycans from glycosphingolipids (GSLs) can be released from corresponding glycoconjugates with relatively mature methods, although isolation of large numbers and quantities of glycans is still very challenging. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are less represented on current glycan microarrays. Glycan microarray development has been greatly facilitated by bifunctional fluorescent linkers, which can be applied in a 'Shotgun Glycomics' approach to incorporate isolated natural glycans. Glycan presentation on microarrays may affect glycan binding by GBPs, often through multivalent recognition by the GBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
| | - Jamie Heimburg-Molinaro
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - David F Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
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39
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Song X, Johns BA, Ju H, Lasanajak Y, Zhao C, Smith DF, Cummings RD. Novel cleavage of reductively aminated glycan-tags by N-bromosuccinimide to regenerate free, reducing glycans. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:2478-83. [PMID: 23992636 DOI: 10.1021/cb400513k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glycans that are fluorescently tagged by reductive amination have been useful for functional glycomic studies. However, the existing tags can introduce unwanted properties to the glycans and complicate structural and functional studies. Here, we describe a facile method using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) to remove the tags and efficiently regenerate free reducing glycans. The regenerated free reducing glycans can be easily analyzed by routine mass spectrometry or retagged with different tags for further studies. This new method can be used to efficiently remove a variety of fluorescent tags installed by reductive amination, including 2-aminobenzoic acid and 2-aminopyridine. NBS treatment essentially transforms the commonly used 2-aminobenzoic linkage to a cleavable linkage. It can be used to cleave printed glycans from microarrays and cleave neoglycopeptides containing a 2-aminobenzoic linker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Brian A. Johns
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Hong Ju
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Yi Lasanajak
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Chunmei Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - David F. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Richard D. Cummings
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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40
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Parker BL, Thaysen-Andersen M, Solis N, Scott NE, Larsen MR, Graham ME, Packer NH, Cordwell SJ. Site-Specific Glycan-Peptide Analysis for Determination of N-Glycoproteome Heterogeneity. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:5791-800. [DOI: 10.1021/pr400783j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L. Parker
- Discipline
of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Morten Thaysen-Andersen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde 2106, Australia
| | - Nestor Solis
- School
of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Nichollas E. Scott
- School
of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Martin R. Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, The University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Mark E. Graham
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Westmead 2145, Australia
| | - Nicolle H. Packer
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde 2106, Australia
| | - Stuart J. Cordwell
- Discipline
of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- School
of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
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41
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Jeong HJ, Adhya M, Park HM, Kim YG, Kim BG. Detection of Hanganutziu-Deicher antigens inO-glycans from pig heart tissues by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Xenotransplantation 2013; 20:407-17. [DOI: 10.1111/xen.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jin Jeong
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering in College of Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Mausumi Adhya
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering in College of Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Hae-Min Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering in College of Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Yun-Gon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering; College of Engineering; Soongsil University; Seoul Korea
| | - Byung-Gee Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering in College of Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics and Institute of Bioengineering; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
- Institute of Bioengineering; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
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42
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Wan D, Yang H, Song F, Liu Z, Liu S. Identification of isomeric disaccharides in mixture by the 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeling technique in conjunction with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 780:36-45. [PMID: 23680549 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
1-Phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) labeling technique has hitherto proved to be a convenient and sensitive method for separating and detecting oligosaccharides. However, the detailed fragmentation of the derivatives by tandem mass spectrometry has been reported limitedly and no characteristic fragment ions for isomers have been detected. In this study, eight disaccharide isomers were labeled with PMP and analyzed by positive ion electrospray ionization multi-stage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)). In comparison with the native disaccharides, PMP labeled disaccharides gave rise to more fragment ions in the tandem mass spectra. The distinctive diagnostic fragment ions formed from cleavage of C-C bonds have been detected in the fragmentation of PMP-labeled disaccharide linkage isomers, allowing unambiguous assignment of the position of the glycosidic linkages. This feature is particularly useful for the structural determination of unknown isomeric disaccharides mixed together. In addition, the anomeric configurations can also be easily assigned based on the relative abundance ratios of the selected ion pairs. To verify the feasibility of the method used in the analysis of natural product, water soluble Panax Ginseng extract has been further investigated to identify its unknown disaccharides. The results confirmed that the PMP labeling technique in conjunction with ESI-MS(n) could offer a powerful and convenient tool for differentiation of structurally closely related isomers, even the unknown mixtures of isomeric disaccharides with different linkage types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debin Wan
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
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43
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Deciphering O-glycomics for the development and production of biopharmaceuticals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4155/pbp.13.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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44
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Reinhold V, Zhang H, Hanneman A, Ashline D. Toward a platform for comprehensive glycan sequencing. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:866-73. [PMID: 23438731 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r112.026823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
From a series of recently published reports, an analytical platform has been proposed for a quantitative and qualitative measure of N- and O-glycosylation, complete with peptide-glycan connectivity and detailed structural understanding. As distant as this may appear, a best methods approach will appear that must move us beyond the cartoon stage of structural understanding. Thus, with this unifying goal in mind, we summarize a series of individually promising first phase protocols of sample preparation (release, purification, and quantification) that remain congruent with a concluding phase (methylation and MS(n)) for documented structural detail. Sequential enzymatic N-glycan and chemical O-glycan release from glycopeptides with intervening solid phase extraction and derivatization will provide for a comparative quantification measure of glycosylation. The O-glycan release will be nonreductive and coupled with Michael addition to a pyrazolone analog (1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone) with both the peptide and glycan labeled. The product glycans are stable to methylation and appropriate for sequential disassembly (MS(n)). An application using human serum and cancer samples has been detailed characterizing sLe(x) and comparable valence epitopes. This integrated platform will provide opportunities at variable points to contrast, share, and advance alternative protocols in a collaborative effort that is greatly needed. This integrated platform provides end point opportunities to confirm structural details compiled from synthetic standards and well characterized biologics by MS(n).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vernon Reinhold
- Glycomics Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA.
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45
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Furukawa JI, Fujitani N, Shinohara Y. Recent advances in cellular glycomic analyses. Biomolecules 2013; 3:198-225. [PMID: 24970165 PMCID: PMC4030886 DOI: 10.3390/biom3010198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A large variety of glycans is intricately located on the cell surface, and the overall profile (the glycome, given the entire repertoire of glycoconjugate-associated sugars in cells and tissues) is believed to be crucial for the diverse roles of glycans, which are mediated by specific interactions that control cell-cell adhesion, immune response, microbial pathogenesis and other cellular events. The glycomic profile also reflects cellular alterations, such as development, differentiation and cancerous change. A glycoconjugate-based approach would therefore be expected to streamline discovery of novel cellular biomarkers. Development of such an approach has proven challenging, due to the technical difficulties associated with the analysis of various types of cellular glycomes; however, recent progress in the development of analytical methodologies and strategies has begun to clarify the cellular glycomics of various classes of glycoconjugates. This review focuses on recent advances in the technical aspects of cellular glycomic analyses of major classes of glycoconjugates, including N- and O-linked glycans, derived from glycoproteins, proteoglycans and glycosphingolipids. Articles that unveil the glycomics of various biologically important cells, including embryonic and somatic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and cancer cells, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Furukawa
- Laboratory of Medical and Functional Glycomics, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science and Frontier Research Center for Post-Genome Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Naoki Fujitani
- Laboratory of Medical and Functional Glycomics, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science and Frontier Research Center for Post-Genome Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yasuro Shinohara
- Laboratory of Medical and Functional Glycomics, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science and Frontier Research Center for Post-Genome Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
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46
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Separation of one-pot procedure released O-glycans as 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone derivatives by hydrophilic interaction and reversed-phase liquid chromatography followed by identification using electrospray mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1274:107-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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47
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Zauner G, Hoffmann M, Rapp E, Koeleman CAM, Dragan I, Deelder AM, Wuhrer M, Hensbergen PJ. Glycoproteomic Analysis of Human Fibrinogen Reveals Novel Regions of O-Glycosylation. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:5804-14. [DOI: 10.1021/pr3005937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhild Zauner
- Department
of Parasitology, Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus Hoffmann
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg,
Germany
| | - Erdmann Rapp
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg,
Germany
| | - Carolien A. M. Koeleman
- Department
of Parasitology, Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Irina Dragan
- Department
of Parasitology, Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - André M. Deelder
- Department
of Parasitology, Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Department
of Parasitology, Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J. Hensbergen
- Department
of Parasitology, Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
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48
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Li QK, Gabrielson E, Zhang H. Application of glycoproteomics for the discovery of biomarkers in lung cancer. Proteomics Clin Appl 2012; 6:244-56. [PMID: 22641610 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Approximately 40-60% of lung cancer patients present with locally advanced or metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Lung cancer development and progression are a multistep process that is characterized by abnormal gene and protein expressions ultimately leading to phenotypic change. Glycoproteins have long been recognized to play fundamental roles in many physiological and pathological processes, particularly in cancer genesis and progression. In order to improve the survival rate of lung cancer patients, the discovery of early diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers is urgently needed. Herein, we reviewed the recent technological developments of glycoproteomics and published data in the field of glycoprotein biomarkers in lung cancer, and discussed their utility and limitations for the discovery of potential biomarkers in lung cancer. Although numerous papers have already acknowledged the importance of the discovery of cancer biomarkers, the systemic study of glycoproteins in lung cancer using glycoproteomic approaches is still suboptimal. Recent development in the glycoproteomics will provide new platforms for identification of potential protein biomarkers in lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Kay Li
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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49
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Selman MHJ, Hoffmann M, Zauner G, McDonnell LA, Balog CIA, Rapp E, Deelder AM, Wuhrer M. MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of sialylated glycans and glycopeptides using 4-chloro-α-cyanocinnamic acid matrix. Proteomics 2012; 12:1337-48. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurice H. J. Selman
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit; Department of Parasitology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Marcus Hoffmann
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems; Magdeburg Germany
| | - Gerhild Zauner
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit; Department of Parasitology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Liam A. McDonnell
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit; Department of Parasitology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Crina I. A. Balog
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit; Department of Parasitology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Erdmann Rapp
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems; Magdeburg Germany
| | - André M. Deelder
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit; Department of Parasitology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit; Department of Parasitology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
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50
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Kozak RP, Royle L, Gardner RA, Fernandes DL, Wuhrer M. Suppression of peeling during the release of O-glycans by hydrazinolysis. Anal Biochem 2012; 423:119-28. [PMID: 22306471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of O-glycans is essential for better understanding their functions in biological processes. Although many techniques for O-glycan release have been developed, the hydrazinolysis release method is the best for producing O-glycans with free reducing termini in high yield. This release technique allows the glycans to be labeled with a fluorophore and analyzed by fluorescence detection. Under the hydrazinolysis release conditions, a side reaction is observed and causes the loss of monosaccharides from the reducing terminus of the glycans (known as peeling). Using bovine fetuin (because it contains the sialylated O-glycans most commonly found on biopharmaceuticals) and bovine submaxillary gland mucin (BSM), here we demonstrate that peeling can be greatly reduced when the sample is buffer exchanged prior to hydrazinolysis with solutions of either 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) or low-molarity (100, 50, 20, and 5 mM) ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The addition of calcium chloride to fetuin resulted in an increase in peeling, whereas subsequent washing with EDTA abolished this effect, suggesting a role of calcium and possibly other cations in causing peeling. The presented technique for sample preparation prior to hydrazinolysis greatly reduces the level of undesirable cleavage products in O-glycan analysis and increases the robustness of the method.
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