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Tomar MS, Kumar A, Shrivastava A. Mitochondrial metabolism as a dynamic regulatory hub to malignant transformation and anti-cancer drug resistance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 694:149382. [PMID: 38128382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Glycolysis is the fundamental cellular process that permits cancer cells to convert energy and grow anaerobically. Recent developments in molecular biology have made it evident that mitochondrial respiration is critical to tumor growth and treatment response. As the principal organelle of cellular energy conversion, mitochondria can rapidly alter cellular metabolic processes, thereby fueling malignancies and contributing to treatment resistance. This review emphasizes the significance of mitochondrial biogenesis, turnover, DNA copy number, and mutations in bioenergetic system regulation. Tumorigenesis requires an intricate cascade of metabolic pathways that includes rewiring of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, supply of intermediate metabolites of the TCA cycle through amino acids, and the interaction between mitochondria and lipid metabolism. Cancer recurrence or resistance to therapy often results from the cooperation of several cellular defense mechanisms, most of which are connected to mitochondria. Many clinical trials are underway to assess the effectiveness of inhibiting mitochondrial respiration as a potential cancer therapeutic. We aim to summarize innovative strategies and therapeutic targets by conducting a comprehensive review of recent studies on the relationship between mitochondrial metabolism, tumor development and therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manendra Singh Tomar
- Center for Advance Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Bhopal, Saket Nagar, Bhopal, 462020, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Shrivastava
- Center for Advance Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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2
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Ozgen S, Krigman J, Zhang R, Sun N. Significance of mitochondrial activity in neurogenesis and neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:741-747. [PMID: 34472459 PMCID: PMC8530128 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.322429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a multidimensional role in the function and the vitality of the neurological system. From the generation of neural stem cells to the maintenance of neurons and their ultimate demise, mitochondria play a critical role in regulating our neural pathways' homeostasis, a task that is critical to our cognitive health and neurological well-being. Mitochondria provide energy via oxidative phosphorylation for the neurotransmission and generation of an action potential along the neuron's axon. This paper will first review and examine the molecular subtleties of the mitochondria's role in neurogenesis and neuron vitality, as well as outlining the impact of defective mitochondria in neural aging. The authors will then summarize neurodegenerative diseases related to either neurogenesis or homeostatic dysfunction. Because of the significant detriment neurodegenerative diseases have on the quality of life, it is essential to understand their etiology and ongoing molecular mechanics. The mitochondrial role in neurogenesis and neuron vitality is essential. Dissecting and understanding this organelle's role in the genesis and homeostasis of neurons should assist in finding pharmaceutical targets for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serra Ozgen
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- College of Medicine, Graduate Research in the Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Judith Krigman
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ruohan Zhang
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Graduate Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nuo Sun
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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3
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In vitro maturation on a soft agarose matrix enhances the developmental ability of pig oocytes derived from small antral follicles. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.12750/jarb.37.1.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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4
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Madan S, Uttekar B, Chowdhary S, Rikhy R. Mitochondria Lead the Way: Mitochondrial Dynamics and Function in Cellular Movements in Development and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:781933. [PMID: 35186947 PMCID: PMC8848284 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.781933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamics, distribution and activity of subcellular organelles are integral to regulating cell shape changes during various physiological processes such as epithelial cell formation, cell migration and morphogenesis. Mitochondria are famously known as the powerhouse of the cell and play an important role in buffering calcium, releasing reactive oxygen species and key metabolites for various activities in a eukaryotic cell. Mitochondrial dynamics and morphology changes regulate these functions and their regulation is, in turn, crucial for various morphogenetic processes. In this review, we evaluate recent literature which highlights the role of mitochondrial morphology and activity during cell shape changes in epithelial cell formation, cell division, cell migration and tissue morphogenesis during organism development and in disease. In general, we find that mitochondrial shape is regulated for their distribution or translocation to the sites of active cell shape dynamics or morphogenesis. Often, key metabolites released locally and molecules buffered by mitochondria play crucial roles in regulating signaling pathways that motivate changes in cell shape, mitochondrial shape and mitochondrial activity. We conclude that mechanistic analysis of interactions between mitochondrial morphology, activity, signaling pathways and cell shape changes across the various cell and animal-based model systems holds the key to deciphering the common principles for this interaction.
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5
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Wang X, Yin L, Wen Y, Yuan S. Mitochondrial regulation during male germ cell development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:91. [PMID: 35072818 PMCID: PMC11072027 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria tailor their morphology to execute their specialized functions in different cell types and/or different environments. During spermatogenesis, mitochondria undergo continuous morphological and distributional changes with germ cell development. Deficiencies in these processes lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal spermatogenesis, thereby causing male infertility. In recent years, mitochondria have attracted considerable attention because of their unique role in the regulation of piRNA biogenesis in male germ cells. In this review, we describe the varied characters of mitochondria and focus on key mitochondrial factors that play pivotal roles in the regulation of spermatogenesis, from primordial germ cells to spermatozoa, especially concerning metabolic shift, stemness and reprogramming, mitochondrial transformation and rearrangement, and mitochondrial defects in human sperm. Further, we discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lisha Yin
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yujiao Wen
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shuiqiao Yuan
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Laboratory Animal Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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6
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Jorgensen C, Khoury M. Musculoskeletal Progenitor/Stromal Cell-Derived Mitochondria Modulate Cell Differentiation and Therapeutical Function. Front Immunol 2021; 12:606781. [PMID: 33763061 PMCID: PMC7982675 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.606781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal stromal cells’ (MSCs’) metabolism impacts cell differentiation as well as immune function. During osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, BM-MSCs show a preference for glycolysis during proliferation but shift to an oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos)-dependent metabolism. The MSC immunoregulatory fate is achieved with cell polarization, and the result is sustained production of immunoregulatory molecules (including PGE2, HGF, IL1RA, IL6, IL8, IDO activity) in response to inflammatory stimuli. MSCs adapt their energetic metabolism when acquiring immunomodulatory property and shift to aerobic glycolysis. This can be achieved via hypoxia, pretreatment with small molecule-metabolic mediators such as oligomycin, or AKT/mTOR pathway modulation. The immunoregulatory effect of MSC on macrophages polarization and Th17 switch is related to the glycolytic status of the MSC. Indeed, MSCs pretreated with oligomycin decreased the M1/M2 ratio, inhibited T-CD4 proliferation, and prevented Th17 switch. Mitochondrial activity also impacts MSC metabolism. In the bone marrow, MSCs are present in a quiescent, low proliferation, but they keep their multi-progenitor function. In this stage, they appear to be glycolytic with active mitochondria (MT) status. During MSC expansion, we observed a metabolic shift toward OXPhos, coupled with an increased MT activity. An increased production of ROS and dysfunctional mitochondria is associated with the metabolic shift to glycolysis. In contrast, when MSC underwent chondro or osteoblast differentiation, they showed a decreased glycolysis and inhibition of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). In parallel the mitochondrial enzymatic activities increased associated with oxidative phosphorylation enhancement. MSCs respond to damaged or inflamed tissue through the transfer of MT to injured and immune cells, conveying a type of signaling that contributes to the restoration of cell homeostasis and immune function. The delivery of MT into injured cells increased ATP levels which in turn maintained cellular bioenergetics and recovered cell functions. MSC-derived MT may be transferred via tunneling nanotubes to undifferentiated cardiomyocytes and leading to their maturation. In this review, we will decipher the pathways and the mechanisms responsible for mitochondria transfer and activity. The eventual reversal of the metabolic and pro-inflammatory profile induced by the MT transfer will open new avenues for the control of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Jorgensen
- Inserm, U1183, Montpellier, France.,Université MONTPELLIER 1, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France.,Service d'immuno-Rhumatologie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France
| | - Maroun Khoury
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CIIB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile.,Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
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7
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Liu L, Li Y, Wang J, Zhang D, Wu H, Li W, Wei H, Ta N, Fan Y, Liu Y, Wang X, Wang J, Pan X, Liao X, Zhu Y, Chen Q. Mitophagy receptor FUNDC1 is regulated by PGC-1α/NRF1 to fine tune mitochondrial homeostasis. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e50629. [PMID: 33554448 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is an essential cellular autophagic process that selectively removes superfluous and damaged mitochondria, and it is coordinated with mitochondrial biogenesis to fine tune the quantity and quality of mitochondria. Coordination between these two opposing processes to maintain the functional mitochondrial network is of paramount importance for normal cellular and organismal metabolism. However, the underlying mechanism is not completely understood. Here we report that PGC-1α and nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), master regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolic adaptation, also transcriptionally upregulate the gene encoding FUNDC1, a previously characterized mitophagy receptor, in response to cold stress in brown fat tissue. NRF1 binds to the classic consensus site in the promoter of Fundc1 to upregulate its expression and to enhance mitophagy through its interaction with LC3. Specific knockout of Fundc1 in BAT results in reduced mitochondrial turnover and accumulation of functionally compromised mitochondria, leading to impaired adaptive thermogenesis. Our results demonstrate that FUNDC1-dependent mitophagy is directly coupled with mitochondrial biogenesis through the PGC-1α/NRF1 pathway, which dictates mitochondrial quantity, quality, and turnover and contributes to adaptive thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Di Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huifang Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Na Ta
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Pan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Liao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yushan Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Quan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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8
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In Vitro Induction of Pluripotency from Equine Fibroblasts in 20% or 5% Oxygen. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8814989. [PMID: 33456472 PMCID: PMC7785345 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8814989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular reprogramming into pluripotency is influenced by external and internal cellular factors, such as in vitro culture conditions (e.g., environmental oxygen concentration), and the aging process. Herein, we aimed to generate and maintain equine iPSCs (eiPSCs) derived from fibroblasts of a horse older than 20 years and to evaluate the effect of different levels of oxygen tension (atmospheric 20% O2, 5% O2, or 20% to 5% O2) on these cells. Fibroblasts were reprogrammed, and putative eiPSCs were positive for positive alkaline phosphatase detection; they were positive for pluripotency-related genes OCT4, REX1, and NANOG; immunofluorescence-positive staining was presented for OCT4 and NANOG (all groups), SOX2 (groups 5% O2 and 20% to 5% O2), and TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81, and SSEA-1 (only in 20% O2); they formed embryoid bodies; and there is spontaneous differentiation in mesoderm, endoderm, and ectoderm embryonic germ layers. In addition to the differences in immunofluorescence analysis results, the eiPSC colonies generated at 20% O2 presented a more compact morphology with a well-defined border than cells cultured in 5% O2 and 20% to 5% O2. Significant differences were also observed in the expression of genes related to glucose metabolism, mitochondrial fission, and hypoxia (GAPDH, GLUT3, MFN1, HIF1α, and HIF2α), after reprogramming. Our results show that the derivation of eiPSCs was not impaired by aging. Additionally, this study is the first to compare high and low oxygen cultures of eiPSCs, showing the generation of pluripotent cells with different profiles. Under the tested conditions, the lower oxygen tension did not favor the pluripotency of eiPSCs. This study shows that the impact of oxygen atmosphere has to be considered when culturing eiPSCs, as this condition influences the pluripotency characteristics.
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9
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Gambini E, Martinelli I, Stadiotti I, Vinci MC, Scopece A, Eramo L, Sommariva E, Resta J, Benaouadi S, Cogliati E, Paolin A, Parini A, Pompilio G, Savagner F. Differences in Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Identify Distinct Populations of Human Cardiac Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207467. [PMID: 33050449 PMCID: PMC7590175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult human cardiac mesenchymal progenitor cells (hCmPC) are multipotent resident populations involved in cardiac homeostasis and heart repair. Even if the mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated, the stem cell differentiation is guided by the mitochondrial metabolism; however, mitochondrial approaches to identify hCmPC with enhanced stemness and/or differentiation capability for cellular therapy are not established. Here we demonstrated that hCmPCs sorted for low and high mitochondrial membrane potential (using a lipophilic cationic dye tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester, TMRM), presented differences in energy metabolism from preferential glycolysis to oxidative rates. TMRM-high cells are highly efficient in terms of oxygen consumption rate, basal and maximal respiration, and spare respiratory capacity compared to TMRM-low cells. TMRM-high cells showed characteristics of pre-committed cells and were associated with higher in vitro differentiation capacity through endothelial, cardiac-like, and, to a lesser extent, adipogenic and chondro/osteogenic cell lineage, when compared with TMRM-low cells. Conversely, TMRM-low showed higher self-renewal potential. To conclude, we identified two hCmPC populations with different metabolic profile, stemness maturity, and differentiation potential. Our findings suggest that metabolic sorting can isolate cells with higher regenerative capacity and/or long-term survival. This metabolism-based strategy to select cells may be broadly applicable to therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Gambini
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.C.V.); (A.S.); (L.E.); (E.S.); (J.R.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ilenia Martinelli
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France; (I.M.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Ilaria Stadiotti
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.C.V.); (A.S.); (L.E.); (E.S.); (J.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Maria Cristina Vinci
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.C.V.); (A.S.); (L.E.); (E.S.); (J.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Alessandro Scopece
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.C.V.); (A.S.); (L.E.); (E.S.); (J.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Luana Eramo
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.C.V.); (A.S.); (L.E.); (E.S.); (J.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Elena Sommariva
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.C.V.); (A.S.); (L.E.); (E.S.); (J.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Jessica Resta
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.C.V.); (A.S.); (L.E.); (E.S.); (J.R.); (G.P.)
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France; (I.M.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Sabrina Benaouadi
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France; (I.M.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Elisa Cogliati
- Treviso Tissue Bank Foundation, Via Antonio Scarpa 9, 31100 Treviso, Italy; (E.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Adolfo Paolin
- Treviso Tissue Bank Foundation, Via Antonio Scarpa 9, 31100 Treviso, Italy; (E.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Angelo Parini
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France; (I.M.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.C.V.); (A.S.); (L.E.); (E.S.); (J.R.); (G.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Frederique Savagner
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France; (I.M.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (F.S.)
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10
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Chowdhary S, Madan S, Tomer D, Mavrakis M, Rikhy R. Mitochondrial morphology and activity regulate furrow ingression and contractile ring dynamics in Drosophila cellularization. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:2331-2347. [PMID: 32755438 PMCID: PMC7851960 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-03-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are maternally inherited in many organisms. Mitochondrial morphology and activity regulation is essential for cell survival, differentiation, and migration. An analysis of mitochondrial dynamics and function in morphogenetic events in early metazoan embryogenesis has not been carried out. In our study we find a crucial role of mitochondrial morphology regulation in cell formation in Drosophila embryogenesis. We find that mitochondria are small and fragmented and translocate apically on microtubules and distribute progressively along the cell length during cellularization. Embryos mutant for the mitochondrial fission protein, Drp1 (dynamin-related protein 1), die in embryogenesis and show an accumulation of clustered mitochondria on the basal side in cellularization. Additionally, Drp1 mutant embryos contain lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS depletion was previously shown to decrease myosin II activity. Drp1 loss also leads to myosin II depletion at the membrane furrow, thereby resulting in decreased cell height and larger contractile ring area in cellularization similar to that in myosin II mutants. The mitochondrial morphology and cellularization defects in Drp1 mutants are suppressed by reducing mitochondrial fusion and increasing cytoplasmic ROS in superoxide dismutase mutants. Our data show a key role for mitochondrial morphology and activity in supporting the morphogenetic events that drive cellularization in Drosophila embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayali Chowdhary
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Somya Madan
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Darshika Tomer
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Manos Mavrakis
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Richa Rikhy
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
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11
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Li S, Huang Q, Mao J, Li Q. TGFβ-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis is activated during definitive endoderm differentiation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2020; 56:378-385. [PMID: 32514718 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Whether mitochondrial remodeling and metabolic reprogramming occur during the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to definitive endoderm (DE) is unknown. We found that fragmented and punctate mitochondria in undifferentiated hESCs progressively fused into an extensive and branched network upon DE differentiation. Mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content were significantly increased with the upregulated expression of mitochondrial biogenesis regulator PGC1-A upon DE differentiation, accompanied by the rise of the amount of ATP (2.5-fold) and its by-product reactive oxygen species (2.0-fold). We observed that in contrast to a shutoff of glycolysis, expressions of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) genes were increased, indicating that a transition from glycolysis to OXPHOS was tightly coupled to DE differentiation. In the meantime, we discovered that inhibition of TGF-β signaling led to impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and disturbed metabolic switch upon DE differentiation. Our work, for the first time, reports that TGF-β signaling-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolic reprogramming occur during early endodermal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbiao Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.,South China Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Qingsong Huang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jianwen Mao
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qiuhong Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China. .,South China Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, 510530, China. .,School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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12
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Role of mitochondrial fission-related genes in mitochondrial morphology and energy metabolism in mouse embryonic stem cells. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101599. [PMID: 32521505 PMCID: PMC7286981 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, the major organelles that produce energy for cell survival and function, dynamically change their morphology via fusion and fission, a process called mitochondrial dynamics. The details of the underlying mechanism of mitochondrial dynamics have not yet been elucidated. Here, we aimed to investigate the function of mitochondrial fission genes in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). To this end, we generated homozygous knockout ESC lines, namely, Fis1-/-, Mff-/-, and Dnm1l-/- ESCs, using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Interestingly, the Fis1-/-, Mff-/-, and Dnm1l-/- ESCs showed normal morphology, self-renewal, and the ability to differentiate into all three germ layers in vitro. However, transmission electron microscopy showed a significant increase in the cytoplasm to nucleus ratio and mitochondrial elongation in Dnm1l-/- ESCs, which was due to incomplete fission. To assess the change in metabolic energy, we analyzed oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), glycolysis, and the intracellular ATP concentration. The ESC knockout lines showed an increase in OXPHOS, decrease in glycolysis, and an increase in intracellular ATP concentration, which was related to mitochondrial elongation. In particular, the Dnm1l knockout most significantly affected mitochondrial morphology, energy metabolism, and ATP production in ESCs. Furthermore, RNA sequencing and gene ontology analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes in Mff-/- ESCs were distinct from those in Dnm1l-/- or Fis1-/- ESCs. In total, five metabolism-related genes, namely, Aass, Cdo1, Cyp2b23, Nt5e, and Pck2, were expressed in all three knockout ESC lines, and three of them were associated with regulation of ATP generation.
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13
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A STAT3 of Addiction: Adipose Tissue, Adipocytokine Signalling and STAT3 as Mediators of Metabolic Remodelling in the Tumour Microenvironment. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041043. [PMID: 32331320 PMCID: PMC7226520 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic remodelling of the tumour microenvironment is a major mechanism by which cancer cells survive and resist treatment. The pro-oncogenic inflammatory cascade released by adipose tissue promotes oncogenic transformation, proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis and evasion of apoptosis. STAT3 has emerged as an important mediator of metabolic remodelling. As a downstream effector of adipocytokines and cytokines, its canonical and non-canonical activities affect mitochondrial functioning and cancer metabolism. In this review, we examine the central role played by the crosstalk between the transcriptional and mitochondrial roles of STAT3 to promote survival and further oncogenesis within the tumour microenvironment with a particular focus on adipose-breast cancer interactions.
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14
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Agriesti F, Tataranni T, Pacelli C, Scrima R, Laurenzana I, Ruggieri V, Cela O, Mazzoccoli C, Salerno M, Sessa F, Sani G, Pomara C, Capitanio N, Piccoli C. Nandrolone induces a stem cell-like phenotype in human hepatocarcinoma-derived cell line inhibiting mitochondrial respiratory activity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2287. [PMID: 32041983 PMCID: PMC7010785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58871-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nandrolone is a testosterone analogue with anabolic properties commonly abused worldwide, recently utilized also as therapeutic agent in chronic diseases, cancer included. Here we investigated the impact of nandrolone on the metabolic phenotype in HepG2 cell line. The results attained show that pharmacological dosage of nandrolone, slowing cell growth, repressed mitochondrial respiration, inhibited the respiratory chain complexes I and III and enhanced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Intriguingly, nandrolone caused a significant increase of stemness-markers in both 2D and 3D cultures, which resulted to be CxIII-ROS dependent. Notably, nandrolone negatively affected differentiation both in healthy hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells. Finally, nandrolone administration in mice confirmed the up-regulation of stemness-markers in liver, spleen and kidney. Our observations show, for the first time, that chronic administration of nandrolone, favoring maintenance of stem cells in different tissues would represent a precondition that, in addition to multiple hits, might enhance risk of carcinogenesis raising warnings about its abuse and therapeutic utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Agriesti
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Tiziana Tataranni
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Consiglia Pacelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, via L. Pinto c/o OO.RR., 71100, Foggia, Italy
| | - Rosella Scrima
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, via L. Pinto c/o OO.RR., 71100, Foggia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Laurenzana
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Vitalba Ruggieri
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Olga Cela
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, via L. Pinto c/o OO.RR., 71100, Foggia, Italy
| | - Carmela Mazzoccoli
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Monica Salerno
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania - A.O.U. "Policlinico - V. Emanuele", via S. Sofia, 87 - Sector 10, Building B - 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Sessa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, via L. Pinto c/o OO.RR., 71100, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.,Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Pomara
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania - A.O.U. "Policlinico - V. Emanuele", via S. Sofia, 87 - Sector 10, Building B - 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Nazzareno Capitanio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, via L. Pinto c/o OO.RR., 71100, Foggia, Italy
| | - Claudia Piccoli
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028, Rionero in Vulture, Italy. .,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, via L. Pinto c/o OO.RR., 71100, Foggia, Italy.
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15
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Luo Y, Zhang YN, Zhang H, Lv HB, Zhang ML, Chen LQ, Du ZY. PPARα activation enhances the ability of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to resist Aeromonas hydrophila infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:675-684. [PMID: 31563556 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) plays critical physiological roles in energy metabolism, antioxidation and immunity of mammals, however, these functions have not been fully understood in fish. In the present study, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were fed with fenofibrate, an agonist of PPARα, for six weeks, and subsequently challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. The results showed that PPARα was efficiently activated by fenofibrate through increasing mRNA and protein expressions and protein dephosphorylation. PPARα activation increased significantly mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation efficiency, the copy number of mitochondrial DNA and expression of monoamine oxidase (MAO), a marker gene of mitochondria. Meanwhile, PPARα activation also increased significantly the expression of NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1α subcomplex subunit 9 (NDUFA9, complex I) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (MTCO1, complex IV). The fenofibrate-fed fish had higher survival rate when exposed to A. hydrophila. Moreover, the fenofibrate-fed fish also had higher activities of immune and antioxidative enzymes, and gene expressions of anti-inflammatory cytokines, while had lower expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes. Taken together, PPARα activation improved the ability of Nile tilapia to resist A. hydrophila, mainly through enhancing mitochondrial fatty acids β-oxidation, immune and antioxidant capacities, as well as inhibiting inflammation. This is the first study showing the regulatory effects of PPARα activation on immune functions through increasing mitochondria-mediated energy supply in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Luo
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Ni Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Bo Lv
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Qiao Chen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Glutamine Metabolism Is Essential for Stemness of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Bone Homeostasis. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:8928934. [PMID: 31611919 PMCID: PMC6757285 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8928934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeleton has emerged as an endocrine organ which is both capable of regulating energy metabolism and being a target for it. Glutamine is the most bountiful and flexible amino acid in the body which provides adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) demands for cells. Emerging evidences support that glutamine which acts as the second metabolic regulator after glucose exerts crucial roles in bone homeostasis at cellular level, including the lineage allocation and proliferation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), the matrix mineralization of osteoblasts, and the biosynthesis in chondrocytes. The integrated mechanism consisting of WNT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathway in a glutamine-dependent pattern is responsible to regulate the complex intrinsic biological process, despite more extensive molecules are deserved to be elucidated in glutamine metabolism further. Indeed, dysfunctional glutamine metabolism enhances the development of degenerative bone diseases, such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, and glutamine or glutamine progenitor supplementation can partially restore bone defects which may promote treatment of bone diseases, although the mechanisms are not quite clear. In this review, we will summarize and update the latest research findings and clinical trials on the crucial regulatory roles of glutamine metabolism in BMSCs and BMSC-derived bone cells, also followed with the osteoclasts which are important in bone resorption.
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17
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Ma Y, Ma M, Sun J, Li W, Li Y, Guo X, Zhang H. CHIR-99021 regulates mitochondrial remodelling via β-catenin signalling and miRNA expression during endodermal differentiation. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.229948. [PMID: 31289194 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.229948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial remodelling is a central feature of stem cell differentiation. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms during these processes. Previously, we found that a pharmacological inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3α and -3β, CHIR-99021, initiates human adipose stem cell differentiation into human definitive endodermal progenitor cells (hEPCs), which were directed to differentiate synchronously into hepatocyte-like cells after further treatment with combinations of soluble factors. In this study, we show that CHIR-99021 promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, the expression of PGC-1α (also known as PPARGC1A), TFAM and NRF1 (also known as NFE2L1), oxidative phosphorylation capacities, and the production of reactive oxygen species in hEPCs. Blocking mitochondrial dynamics using siRNA targeting DRP1 (also known as DNM1L) impaired definitive endodermal differentiation. Downregulation of β-catenin (CTNNB1) expression weakened the effect of CHIR-99021 on the induction of mitochondrial remodelling and the expression of transcription factors for mitochondrial biogenesis. Moreover, CHIR-99021 decreased the expression of miR-19b-2-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-23c, miR-130a-3p and miR-130a-5p in hEPCs, which target transcription factors for mitochondrial biogenesis. These data demonstrate that CHIR-99021 plays a role in mitochondrial structure and function remodelling via activation of the β-catenin signalling pathway and inhibits the expression of miRNAs during definitive endodermal differentiation.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejiao Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Minghui Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Weihong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yaqiong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xinyue Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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18
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Chang CW, Lo JF, Wang XW. Roles of mitochondria in liver cancer stem cells. Differentiation 2019; 107:35-41. [PMID: 31176254 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Primary liver cancer (PLC) is heterogeneous and it is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognostic outcome. Current evidence suggests that PLC tumorigenesis is driven by rare subpopulations of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which contribute to tumor initiation, progression, and therapy resistance through particular molecular mechanisms. Energy metabolism and mitochondrial function play an important role in the regulation of cancer stemness and stem cell specifications. Since the role of mitochondrial function as central hubs in cell growth and survival, studies on the critical physiological mechanisms of the liver underlying their therapy-resistant phenotype is important. In this review, we focus on liver CSC-related mitochondrial metabolism that contributes to the liver CSC features, in terms of enhanced drug-resistance and increased tumorigenicity, and to discuss their roles on potential therapies windows for PLC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wen Chang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeng-Fan Lo
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Cancer Progression Center of Excellence, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xin Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Liver Cancer Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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19
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Suldina LA, Morozova KN, Menzorov AG, Kizilova EA, Kiseleva E. Mitochondria structural reorganization during mouse embryonic stem cell derivation. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:1373-1386. [PMID: 29549502 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1236-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells are widely used in developmental biology and transgenic research. Despite numerous studies, ultrastructural reorganization of inner cell mass (ICM) cells during in vitro culture has not yet been described in detail. Here, we for the first time performed comparative morphological and morphometric analyses of three ES cell lines during their derivation in vitro. We compared morphological characteristics of blastocyst ICM cells at 3.5 and 4.5 days post coitum on feeder cells (day 6, passage 0) with those of ES cells at different passages (day 19, passage 2; day 25, passage 4; and passage 15). At passage 0, there were 23-36% of ES-like cells with various values of the medium cross-sectional area and nucleocytoplasmic parameters, 55% of fibroblast-like (probably trophoblast derivatives), and ~ 19% of dying cells. ES-like cells at passage 0 contained autolysosomes and enlarged mitochondria with reduced numerical density per cell. There were three types of mitochondria that differed in matrix density and cristae width. For the first time, we revealed cells that had two and sometimes three morphologically distinct mitochondria types in the cytoplasm. At passage 2, there were mostly ES cells with a high nucleocytoplasmic ratio and a cytoplasm depleted of organelles. At passage 4, ES cell morphology and morphometric parameters were mostly stable with little heterogeneity. According to our data, cellular structures of ICM cells undergo destabilization during derivation of an ES cell line with subsequent reorganization into the structures typical for ES cells. On the basis of ultrastructural analysis of mitochondria, we believe that the functional activity of these organelles changes during early stages of ES cell formation from the ICM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyubov A Suldina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev ave., 10, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
| | - Ksenia N Morozova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev ave., 10, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090.
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Aleksei G Menzorov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev ave., 10, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Elena A Kizilova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev ave., 10, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
| | - Elena Kiseleva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev ave., 10, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
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20
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Shekari F, Baharvand H, Salekdeh GH. Organellar proteomics of embryonic stem cells. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2018; 95:215-30. [PMID: 24985774 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800453-1.00007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are undifferentiated cells with two common remarkable features known as self-renewal and differentiation. Proteomics plays an increasingly important role in understanding molecular mechanisms underlying self-renewal and pluripotency of ESCs and their applications in cell therapy and developmental biology studies. As the function of a protein is strongly associated with its localization in cell, a complete and accurate picture of the proteome of ESCs cannot be achieved without knowing the subcellular locations of proteins. Subcellular fractionation allows enrichment of low abundant proteins and signaling complexes and reduces the complexity of the sample. It also provided insight into tracking proteins that shuttle between different compartments. Despite the substantial interest and efforts in ESC subcellular proteomics area, progress has been relatively limited. In this review, we present an overview on current status of ESCs organelle proteomics research and discuss challenges in subcellular proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran.
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21
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Oshima K, Saiki N, Tanaka M, Imamura H, Niwa A, Tanimura A, Nagahashi A, Hirayama A, Okita K, Hotta A, Kitayama S, Osawa M, Kaneko S, Watanabe A, Asaka I, Fujibuchi W, Imai K, Yabe H, Kamachi Y, Hara J, Kojima S, Tomita M, Soga T, Noma T, Nonoyama S, Nakahata T, Saito MK. Human AK2 links intracellular bioenergetic redistribution to the fate of hematopoietic progenitors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:719-725. [PMID: 29462620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AK2 is an adenylate phosphotransferase that localizes at the intermembrane spaces of the mitochondria, and its mutations cause a severe combined immunodeficiency with neutrophil maturation arrest named reticular dysgenesis (RD). Although the dysfunction of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has been implicated, earlier developmental events that affect the fate of HSCs and/or hematopoietic progenitors have not been reported. Here, we used RD-patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as a model of AK2-deficient human cells. Hematopoietic differentiation from RD-iPSCs was profoundly impaired. RD-iPSC-derived hemoangiogenic progenitor cells (HAPCs) showed decreased ATP distribution in the nucleus and altered global transcriptional profiles. Thus, AK2 has a stage-specific role in maintaining the ATP supply to the nucleus during hematopoietic differentiation, which affects the transcriptional profiles necessary for controlling the fate of multipotential HAPCs. Our data suggest that maintaining the appropriate energy level of each organelle by the intracellular redistribution of ATP is important for controlling the fate of progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Oshima
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Norikazu Saiki
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Michihiro Tanaka
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Hiromi Imamura
- The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, 6068501, Japan
| | - Akira Niwa
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Ayako Tanimura
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Tokushima, 7708505, Japan
| | - Ayako Nagahashi
- Department of Fundamental Cell Technology, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hirayama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 9970052, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okita
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Akitsu Hotta
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kitayama
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Mitsujiro Osawa
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Shin Kaneko
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Isao Asaka
- Department of Fundamental Cell Technology, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Wataru Fujibuchi
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Imai
- Department of Community Pediatrics, Perinatal and Maternal Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Tokyo, 1130034, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Yabe
- Specialized Clinical Science, Pediatrics, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, 2591193, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Kamachi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Nagoya, 4668550, Japan
| | - Junichi Hara
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Osaka, 5340021, Japan
| | - Seiji Kojima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Nagoya, 4668550, Japan
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 9970052, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 9970052, Japan
| | - Takafumi Noma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Tokushima, 7708505, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Nonoyama
- Department of Pediatrics, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 3590042, Japan
| | - Tatsutoshi Nakahata
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Megumu K Saito
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan.
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22
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Vazquez-Martin A, Van den Haute C, Cufí S, Corominas-Faja B, Cuyàs E, Lopez-Bonet E, Rodriguez-Gallego E, Fernández-Arroyo S, Joven J, Baekelandt V, Menendez JA. Mitophagy-driven mitochondrial rejuvenation regulates stem cell fate. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:1330-52. [PMID: 27295498 PMCID: PMC4993334 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding on how selective mitochondrial autophagy, or mitophagy, can sustain the archetypal properties of stem cells is incomplete. PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) plays a key role in the maintenance of mitochondrial morphology and function and in the selective degradation of damaged mitochondria by mitophagy. Here, using embryonic fibroblasts from PINK1 gene-knockout (KO) mice, we evaluated whether mitophagy is a causal mechanism for the control of cell-fate plasticity and maintenance of pluripotency. Loss of PINK1-dependent mitophagy was sufficient to dramatically decrease the speed and efficiency of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) reprogramming. Mitophagy-deficient iPSC colonies, which were characterized by a mixture of mature and immature mitochondria, seemed unstable, with a strong tendency to spontaneously differentiate and form heterogeneous populations of cells. Although mitophagy-deficient iPSC colonies normally expressed pluripotent markers, functional monitoring of cellular bioenergetics revealed an attenuated glycolysis in mitophagy-deficient iPSC cells. Targeted metabolomics showed a notable alteration in numerous glycolysis- and TCA-related metabolites in mitophagy-deficient iPSC cells, including a significant decrease in the intracellular levels of α-ketoglutarate -a key suppressor of the differentiation path in stem cells. Mitophagy-deficient iPSC colonies exhibited a notably reduced teratoma-initiating capacity, but fully retained their pluripotency and multi-germ layer differentiation capacity in vivo. PINK1-dependent mitophagy pathway is an important mitochondrial switch that determines the efficiency and quality of somatic reprogramming. Mitophagy-driven mitochondrial rejuvenation might contribute to the ability of iPSCs to suppress differentiation by directing bioenergetic transition and metabolome remodeling traits. These findings provide new insights into how mitophagy might influence the stem cell decisions to retain pluripotency or differentiate in tissue regeneration and aging, tumor growth, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Sílvia Cufí
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Stem Cell Lab, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bruna Corominas-Faja
- Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Eugeni Lopez-Bonet
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital of Girona, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Esther Rodriguez-Gallego
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Salvador Fernández-Arroyo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Javier A Menendez
- Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain.,ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
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23
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Wanet A, Caruso M, Domelevo Entfellner JB, Najar M, Fattaccioli A, Demazy C, Evraerts J, El-Kehdy H, Pourcher G, Sokal E, Arnould T, Tiffin N, Najimi M, Renard P. The Transcription Factor 7-Like 2-Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator-1 Alpha Axis Connects Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Metabolic Shift with Stem Cell Commitment to Hepatic Differentiation. Stem Cells 2017; 35:2184-2197. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Wanet
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC); NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur); Namur Belgium
| | - Marino Caruso
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC); NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur); Namur Belgium
| | - Jean-Baka Domelevo Entfellner
- South African National Bioinformatics Institute (SANBI)/Medical Research Council of South Africa Bioinformatics Unit, University of the Western Cape; Bellville South Africa
| | - Mehdi Najar
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy; Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Brussels Belgium
| | - Antoine Fattaccioli
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC); NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur); Namur Belgium
| | - Catherine Demazy
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC); NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur); Namur Belgium
| | - Jonathan Evraerts
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy; Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Clinique et Expérimentale (IREC); Brussels Belgium
| | - Hoda El-Kehdy
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy; Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Clinique et Expérimentale (IREC); Brussels Belgium
| | - Guillaume Pourcher
- Department of Digestive Diseases; Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris Descartes University; Paris France
| | - Etienne Sokal
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy; Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Clinique et Expérimentale (IREC); Brussels Belgium
| | - Thierry Arnould
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC); NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur); Namur Belgium
| | - Nicki Tiffin
- South African National Bioinformatics Institute (SANBI)/Medical Research Council of South Africa Bioinformatics Unit, University of the Western Cape; Bellville South Africa
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy; Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Clinique et Expérimentale (IREC); Brussels Belgium
| | - Patricia Renard
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC); NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur); Namur Belgium
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24
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Krstic J, Trivanovic D, Jaukovic A, Santibanez JF, Bugarski D. Metabolic Plasticity of Stem Cells and Macrophages in Cancer. Front Immunol 2017; 8:939. [PMID: 28848547 PMCID: PMC5552673 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to providing essential molecules for the overall function of cells, metabolism plays an important role in cell fate and can be affected by microenvironmental stimuli as well as cellular interactions. As a specific niche, tumor microenvironment (TME), consisting of different cell types including stromal/stem cells and immune cells, is characterized by distinct metabolic properties. This review will be focused on the metabolic plasticity of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) and macrophages in TME, as well as on how the metabolic state of cancer stem cells (CSC), as key drivers of oncogenesis, affects their generation and persistence. Namely, heterogenic metabolic phenotypes of these cell populations, which include various levels of dependence on glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation are closely linked to their complex roles in cancer progression. Besides well-known extrinsic factors, such as cytokines and growth factors, the differentiation and activation states of CSC, MSC, and macrophages are coordinated by metabolic reprogramming in TME. The significance of mutual metabolic interaction between tumor stroma and cancer cells in the immune evasion and persistence of CSC is currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Krstic
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Drenka Trivanovic
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Jaukovic
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Juan F Santibanez
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Diana Bugarski
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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25
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Analysis of mitochondrial organization and function in the Drosophila blastoderm embryo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5502. [PMID: 28710464 PMCID: PMC5511145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05679-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are inherited maternally as globular and immature organelles in metazoan embryos. We have used the Drosophila blastoderm embryo to characterize their morphology, distribution and functions in embryogenesis. We find that mitochondria are relatively small, dispersed and distinctly distributed along the apico-basal axis in proximity to microtubules by motor protein transport. Live imaging, photobleaching and photoactivation analyses of mitochondrially targeted GFP show that they are mobile in the apico-basal axis along microtubules and are immobile in the lateral plane thereby associating with one syncytial cell. Photoactivated mitochondria distribute equally to daughter cells across the division cycles. ATP depletion by pharmacological and genetic inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) activates AMPK and decreases syncytial metaphase furrow extension. In summary, we show that small and dispersed mitochondria of the Drosophila blastoderm embryo localize by microtubule transport and provide ATP locally for the fast syncytial division cycles. Our study opens the possibility of use of Drosophila embryogenesis as a model system to study the impact of maternal mutations in mitochondrial morphology and metabolism on embryo patterning and differentiation.
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26
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From Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Insulin-Producing Cells: Comparison between Bone Marrow- and Adipose Tissue-Derived Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3854232. [PMID: 28584815 PMCID: PMC5444016 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3854232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to compare human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs), for their differentiation potentials to form insulin-producing cells. BM-MSCs were obtained during elective orthotopic surgery and AT-MSCs from fatty aspirates during elective cosmetics procedures. Following their expansion, cells were characterized by phenotyping, trilineage differentiation ability, and basal gene expression of pluripotency genes and for their metabolic characteristics. Cells were differentiated according to a Trichostatin-A based protocol. The differentiated cells were evaluated by immunocytochemistry staining for insulin and c-peptide. In addition the expression of relevant pancreatic endocrine genes was determined. The release of insulin and c-peptide in response to a glucose challenge was also quantitated. There were some differences in basal gene expression and metabolic characteristics. After differentiation the proportion of the resulting insulin-producing cells (IPCs), was comparable among both cell sources. Again, there were no differences neither in the levels of gene expression nor in the amounts of insulin and c-peptide release as a function of glucose challenge. The properties, availability, and abundance of AT-MSCs render them well-suited for applications in regenerative medicine. Conclusion. BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs are comparable regarding their differential potential to form IPCs. The availability and properties of AT-MSCs render them well-suited for applications in regenerative medicine.
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27
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Richetin K, Moulis M, Millet A, Arràzola MS, Andraini T, Hua J, Davezac N, Roybon L, Belenguer P, Miquel MC, Rampon C. Amplifying mitochondrial function rescues adult neurogenesis in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 102:113-124. [PMID: 28286181 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is strongly impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In several mouse models of AD, it was shown that adult-born neurons exhibit reduced survival and altered synaptic integration due to a severe lack of dendritic spines. In the present work, using the APPxPS1 mouse model of AD, we reveal that this reduced number of spines is concomitant of a marked deficit in their neuronal mitochondrial content. Remarkably, we show that targeting the overexpression of the pro-neural transcription factor Neurod1 into APPxPS1 adult-born neurons restores not only their dendritic spine density, but also their mitochondrial content and the proportion of spines associated with mitochondria. Using primary neurons, a bona fide model of neuronal maturation, we identified that increases of mitochondrial respiration accompany the stimulating effect of Neurod1 overexpression on dendritic growth and spine formation. Reciprocally, pharmacologically impairing mitochondria prevented Neurod1-dependent trophic effects. Thus, since overexpression of Neurod1 into new neurons of APPxPS1 mice rescues spatial memory, our present data suggest that manipulating the mitochondrial system of adult-born hippocampal neurons provides neuronal plasticity to the AD brain. These findings open new avenues for far-reaching therapeutic implications towards neurodegenerative diseases associated with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Richetin
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Manon Moulis
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Aurélie Millet
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Macarena S Arràzola
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Trinovita Andraini
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Jennifer Hua
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Noélie Davezac
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Laurent Roybon
- Stem Cell Laboratory for CNS Diseases Modeling, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund Stem Cell Center and MultiPark, Lund University, BMC A10, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Pascale Belenguer
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Marie-Christine Miquel
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Claire Rampon
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France.
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28
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Kelly GM, Gatie MI. Mechanisms Regulating Stemness and Differentiation in Embryonal Carcinoma Cells. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:3684178. [PMID: 28373885 PMCID: PMC5360977 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3684178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Just over ten years have passed since the seminal Takahashi-Yamanaka paper, and while most attention nowadays is on induced, embryonic, and cancer stem cells, much of the pioneering work arose from studies with embryonal carcinoma cells (ECCs) derived from teratocarcinomas. This original work was broad in scope, but eventually led the way for us to focus on the components involved in the gene regulation of stemness and differentiation. As the name implies, ECCs are malignant in nature, yet maintain the ability to differentiate into the 3 germ layers and extraembryonic tissues, as well as behave normally when reintroduced into a healthy blastocyst. Retinoic acid signaling has been thoroughly interrogated in ECCs, especially in the F9 and P19 murine cell models, and while we have touched on this aspect, this review purposely highlights how some key transcription factors regulate pluripotency and cell stemness prior to this signaling. Another major focus is on the epigenetic regulation of ECCs and stem cells, and, towards that end, this review closes on what we see as a new frontier in combating aging and human disease, namely, how cellular metabolism shapes the epigenetic landscape and hence the pluripotency of all stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M. Kelly
- Department of Biology, Molecular Genetics Unit, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Collaborative Program in Developmental Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Child Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohamed I. Gatie
- Department of Biology, Molecular Genetics Unit, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Collaborative Program in Developmental Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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29
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Huang T, Liu R, Fu X, Yao D, Yang M, Liu Q, Lu WW, Wu C, Guan M. Aging Reduces an ERRalpha-Directed Mitochondrial Glutaminase Expression Suppressing Glutamine Anaplerosis and Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2017; 35:411-424. [PMID: 27501743 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aging deteriorates osteogenic capacity of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), contributing to imbalanced bone remodeling and osteoporosis. Glutaminase (Gls) catabolizes glutamine into glutamate at the first step of mitochondrial glutamine (Gln)-dependent anaplerosis which is essential for MSCs upon osteogenic differentiation. Estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) regulates genes required for mitochondrial function. Here, we found that ERRα and Gls are upregulated by osteogenic induction in human MSCs (hMSCs). In contrast, osteogenic differentiation capacity and glutamine consumption of MSCs, as well as ERRα, Gls and osteogenic marker genes are significantly reduced with age. We demonstrated that ERRα binds to response elements on Gls promoter and affects glutamine anaplerosis through transcriptional induction of Gls. Conversely, mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, ERRα inverse agonist compound 29 or Gls inhibitor BPTES leads to reduced Gln anaplerosis and deteriorated osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Importantly, overexpression of ERRα or Gls restored impairment by these inhibitors. Finally, we proved that compensated ERRα or Gls expression indeed potentiated Gln anaplerosis and osteogenic capability of elderly mice MSCs in vitro. Together, we establish that Gls is a novel ERRα target gene and ERRα/Gls signaling pathway plays an important role in osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, providing new sights into novel regenerative therapeutics development. Our findings suggest that restoring age-related mitochondrial Gln-dependent anaplerosis may be beneficial for degenerative bone disorders such as osteoporosis. Stem Cells 2017;35:411-424.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongling Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Renzhong Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuekun Fu
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongsheng Yao
- National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingli Liu
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - William W Lu
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chuanyue Wu
- Department of Biology and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Min Guan
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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30
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Almeida AS, Vieira HLA. Role of Cell Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function During Adult Neurogenesis. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:1787-1794. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Effects of Poor Maternal Nutrition during Gestation on Bone Development and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Activity in Offspring. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168382. [PMID: 27942040 PMCID: PMC5152907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor maternal nutrition impairs overall growth and development of offspring. These changes can significantly impact the general health and production efficiency of offspring. Specifically, poor maternal nutrition is known to reduce growth of bone and muscle, and increase adipose tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent stem cells which contribute to development of these tissues and are responsive to changes in the maternal environment. The main objective was to evaluate the effects of poor maternal nutirtion during gestation on bone and MSC function in offspring. Thirty-six ewes were fed 100%, 60%, or 140% of energy requirements [NRC, 1985] beginning at day 31 ± 1.3 of gestation. Lambs from ewes fed 100% (CON), 60% (RES) and 140% (OVER) were euthanized within 24 hours of birth (1 day; n = 18) or at 3 months of age (n = 15) and bone and MSC samples were collected. Dual X-ray absorptiometry was performed on bones obtained from day 1 and 3 months. Proliferation, differentiation, and metabolic activity were determined in the MSC isolated from lambs at day 1. Data were analyzed using mixed procedure in SAS. Maternal diet negatively affected offspring MSC by reducing proliferation 50% and reducing mitochondrial metabolic activity. Maternal diet did not alter MSC glycolytic activity or differentiation in culture. Maternal diet tended to decrease expression of P2Y purinoreceptor 1, but did not alter expression of other genes involved in MSC proliferation and differentiation. Maternal diet did not alter bone parameters in offspring. In conclusion, poor maternal diet may alter offspring growth through reduced MSC proliferation and metabolism. Further studies evaluating the potential molecular changes associated with altered proliferation and metabolism in MSC due to poor maternal nutrition are warranted.
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32
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Shiratsuki S, Hara T, Munakata Y, Shirasuna K, Kuwayama T, Iwata H. Low oxygen level increases proliferation and metabolic changes in bovine granulosa cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 437:75-85. [PMID: 27519633 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study addresses molecular backgrounds underlying low oxygen induced metabolic changes and 1.2-fold change in bovine granulosa cell (GCs) proliferation. RNA-seq revealed that low oxygen (5%) upregulated genes associated with HIF-1 and glycolysis and downregulated genes associated with mitochondrial respiration than that in high oxygen level (21%). Low oxygen level induced high glycolytic activity and low mitochondrial function and biogenesis. Low oxygen level enhanced GC proliferation with high expression levels of HIF-1, VEGF, AKT, mTOR, and S6RP, whereas addition of anti-VEGF antibody decreased cellular proliferation with low phosphorylated AKT and mTOR expression levels. Low oxygen level reduced SIRT1, whereas activation of SIRT1 by resveratrol increased mitochondrial replication and decreased cellular proliferation with reduction of phosphorylated mTOR. These results suggest that low oxygen level stimulates the HIF1-VEGF-AKT-mTOR pathway and up-regulates glycolysis, which contributes to GC proliferation, and downregulation of SIRT1 contributes to hypoxia-associated reduction of mitochondria and cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Shiratsuki
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0034, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Hara
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0034, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Munakata
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0034, Japan
| | - Koumei Shirasuna
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0034, Japan
| | - Takehito Kuwayama
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0034, Japan
| | - Hisataka Iwata
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0034, Japan.
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33
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Generating Rho-0 Cells Using Mesenchymal Stem Cell Lines. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164199. [PMID: 27764131 PMCID: PMC5072612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The generation of Rho-0 cells requires the use of an immortalization process, or tumor cell selection, followed by culture in the presence of ethidium bromide (EtBr), incurring the drawbacks its use entails. The purpose of this work was to generate Rho-0 cells using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) with reagents having the ability to remove mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) more safely than by using EtBr. Methodology Two immortalized hMSC lines (3a6 and KP) were used; 143B.TK-Rho-0 cells were used as reference control. For generation of Rho-0 hMSCs, cells were cultured in medium supplemented with each tested reagent. Total DNA was isolated and mtDNA content was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Phenotypic characterization and gene expression assays were performed to determine whether 3a6 Rho-0 hMSCs maintain the same stem properties as untreated 3a6 hMSCs. To evaluate whether 3a6 Rho-0 hMSCs had a phenotype similar to that of 143B.TK-Rho-0 cells, in terms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptotic levels and mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) were measured by flow cytometry and mitochondrial respiration was evaluated using a SeaHorse XFp Extracellular Flux Analyzer. The differentiation capacity of 3a6 and 3a6 Rho-0 hMSCs was evaluated using real-time PCR, comparing the relative expression of genes involved in osteogenesis, adipogenesis and chondrogenesis. Results The results showed the capacity of the 3a6 cell line to deplete its mtDNA and to survive in culture with uridine. Of all tested drugs, Stavudine (dt4) was the most effective in producing 3a6-Rho cells. The data indicate that hMSC Rho-0 cells continue to express the characteristic MSC cell surface receptor pattern. Phenotypic characterization showed that 3a6 Rho-0 cells resembled 143B.TK-Rho-0 cells, indicating that hMSC Rho-0 cells are Rho-0 cells. While the adipogenic capability was higher in 3a6 Rho-0 cells than in 3a6 cells, the osteogenic and chondrogenic capacities were lower. Conclusion Among the drugs and conditions tested, the use of d4t was the best option for producing Rho-0 cells from hMSCs. Rho-0 cells are useful for studying the role of mitochondria in hMSC differentiation.
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Abstract
The Nobel prized discovery of nuclear reprogramming is swiftly providing mechanistic evidence of a role for metabolism in the generation of cancer stem cells (CSC). Traditionally, the metabolic demands of tumors have been viewed as drivers of the genetic programming detected in cancer tissues. Beyond the energetic requirements of specific cancer cell states, it is increasingly recognized that metabolism per se controls epi-transcriptional networks to dictate cancer cell fate, i.e., metabolism can define CSC. Here I review the CSC-related metabolic features found in induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells to provide an easily understandable framework in which the infrastructure and functioning of cellular metabolism might control the efficiency and kinetics of reprogramming in the re-routing of non-CSC to CSC-like cellular states. I suggest exploring how metabolism-dependent regulation of epigenetics can play a role in directing CSC states beyond conventional energetic demands of stage-specific cancer cell states, opening a new dimension of cancer in which the "physiological state" of CSC might be governed not only by cell-autonomous cues but also by local micro-environmental and systemic metabolo-epigenetic interactions. Forthcoming studies should decipher how specific metabolites integrate and mediate the overlap between the CSC-intrinsic "micro-epigenetics" and the "upstream" local and systemic "macro-epigenetics," thus paving the way for targeted epigenetic regulation of CSCs through metabolic modulation including "smart foods" or systemic "metabolic nichotherapies."
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Menendez
- a Metabolism & Cancer Group; Translational Research Laboratory ; Catalan Institute of Oncology ; Girona , Spain.,b Molecular Oncology Group ; Girona Biomedical Research Institute ; Girona , Spain
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Wilsch-Bräuninger M, Florio M, Huttner WB. Neocortex expansion in development and evolution — from cell biology to single genes. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2016; 39:122-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Munakata Y, Kawahara-Miki R, Shiratsuki S, Tasaki H, Itami N, Shirasuna K, Kuwayama T, Iwata H. Gene expression patterns in granulosa cells and oocytes at various stages of follicle development as well as in in vitro grown oocyte-and-granulosa cell complexes. J Reprod Dev 2016; 62:359-66. [PMID: 27108636 PMCID: PMC5004791 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2016-022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicle development is accompanied by proliferation of granulosa cells and increasing
oocyte size. To obtain high-quality oocytes in vitro, it is important to
understand the processes that occur in oocytes and granulosa cells during follicle
development and the differences between in vivo and in
vitro follicle development. In the present study, oocytes and granulosa cells
were collected from early antral follicles (EAFs, 0.5–0.7 mm in diameter), small antral
follicles (SAFs, 1–3 mm in diameter), large antral follicles (LAFs, 3–7 mm in diameter),
and in vitro grown oocyte-and-granulosa cell complexes (OGCs), which were
cultured for 14 days after collection from EAFs. Gene expression was analyzed
comprehensively using the next-generation sequencing technology. We found top upstream
regulators during the in vivo follicle development and compared them with
those in in vitro developed OGCs. The comparison revealed that
HIF1 is among the top regulators during both in vivo
and in vitro development of OGCs. In addition, we found that
HIF1-mediated upregulation of glycolysis in granulosa cells is important for the growth of
OGCs, but the cellular metabolism differs between in vitro and in
vivo grown OGCs. Furthermore, on the basis of comparison of upstream regulators
between in vivo and in vitro development of OGCs, we
believe that low expression levels of FLT1 (VEGFA receptor),
SPP1, and PCSK6 can be considered causal factors of
the suboptimal development under in vitro culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhisa Munakata
- Department of Animal Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
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Adipogenic placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells are not lineage restricted by withdrawing extrinsic factors: developing a novel visual angle in stem cell biology. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2141. [PMID: 26986509 PMCID: PMC4823931 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Current evidence implies that differentiated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) can act as progenitor cells and transdifferentiate across lineage boundaries. However, whether this unrestricted lineage has specificities depending on the stem cell type is unknown. Placental-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PDMSCs), an easily accessible and less invasive source, are extremely useful materials in current stem cell therapies. No studies have comprehensively analyzed the transition in morphology, surface antigens, metabolism and multilineage potency of differentiated PDMSCs after their dedifferentiation. In this study, we showed that after withdrawing extrinsic factors, adipogenic PDMSCs reverted to a primitive cell population and retained stem cell characteristics. The mitochondrial network during differentiation and dedifferentiation may serve as a marker of absent or acquired pluripotency in various stem cell models. The new population proliferated faster than unmanipulated PDMSCs and could be differentiated into adipocytes, osteocytes and hepatocytes. The cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) signaling pathway and extracellular matrix (ECM) components modulate cell behavior and enable the cells to proliferate or differentiate during the differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation processes in our study. These observations indicate that the dedifferentiated PDMSCs are distinguishable from the original PDMSCs and may serve as a novel source in stem cell biology and cell-based therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, whether PDMSCs differentiated into other lineages can be dedifferentiated to a primitive cell population needs to be investigated.
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Energy Metabolism Plays a Critical Role in Stem Cell Maintenance and Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:253. [PMID: 26901195 PMCID: PMC4783982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Various stem cells gradually turned to be critical players in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine therapies. Current evidence has demonstrated that in addition to growth factors and the extracellular matrix, multiple metabolic pathways definitively provide important signals for stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. In this review, we mainly focus on a detailed overview of stem cell metabolism in vitro. In stem cell metabolic biology, the dynamic balance of each type of stem cell can vary according to the properties of each cell type, and they share some common points. Clearly defining the metabolic flux alterations in stem cells may help to shed light on stemness features and differentiation pathways that control the fate of stem cells.
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Mitochondrial resetting and metabolic reprogramming in induced pluripotent stem cells and mitochondrial disease modeling. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:686-93. [PMID: 26779594 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear reprogramming with pluripotency factors enables somatic cells to gain the properties of embryonic stem cells. Mitochondrial resetting and metabolic reprogramming are suggested to be key early events in the induction of human skin fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). SCOPE OF REVIEW We review recent advances in the study of the molecular basis for mitochondrial resetting and metabolic reprogramming in the regulation of the formation of iPSCs. In particular, the recent progress in using iPSCs for mitochondrial disease modeling was discussed. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS iPSCs rely on glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation as a major supply of energy. Mitochondrial resetting and metabolic reprogramming thus play crucial roles in the process of generation of iPSCs from somatic cells. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Neurons, myocytes, and cardiomyocytes are cells containing abundant mitochondria in the human body, which can be differentiated from iPSCs or trans-differentiated from fibroblasts. Generating these cells from iPSCs derived from skin fibroblasts of patients with mitochondrial diseases or by trans-differentiation with cell-specific transcription factors will provide valuable insights into the role of mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy in mitochondrial disease modeling and serves as a novel platform for screening of drugs to treat patients with mitochondrial diseases.
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Tsujiguchi T, Hirouchi T, Monzen S, Tabuchi Y, Takasaki I, Kondo T, Kashiwakura I. Expression analysis of radiation-responsive genes in human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2016; 57:35-43. [PMID: 26661850 PMCID: PMC4708922 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrv071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the nature of the genes that contribute to the radiosensitivity of human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), we analyzed the gene expression profiles detected in HSPCs irradiated with 2 Gy X-rays after culture with or without an optimal combination of hematopoietic cytokines. Highly purified CD34(+) cells from human placental/umbilical cord blood were used as HSPCs. The cells were exposed to 2 Gy X-irradiation and treated in serum-free medium under five different sets of conditions for 6 h. The gene expression levels were analyzed by cDNA microarray, and then the network of responsive genes was investigated. A comprehensive genetic analysis to search for genes associated with cellular radiosensitivity was undertaken, and we found that expression of the genes downstream of MYC oncogene increased after X-irradiation. In fact, the activation of MYC was observed immediately after X-irradiation, and MYC was the only gene still showing activation at 6 h after irradiation. Furthermore, MYC had a significant impact on the biological response, particularly on the tumorigenesis of cells and the cell cycle control. The activated gene regulator function of MYC resulting from irradiation was suppressed by culturing the HSPCs with combinations of cytokines (recombinant human thrombopoietin + interleukin 3 + stem cell factor), which exerted radioprotective effects. MYC was strongly associated with the radiosensitivity of HSPCs, and further study and clarification of the genetic mechanisms that control the cell cycle following X-irradiation are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takakiyo Tsujiguchi
- Department of Radiological Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Tokuhisa Hirouchi
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rokkasho, Aomori, Japan
| | - Satoru Monzen
- Department of Radiological Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- University of Toyama Life Science Research Center, Toyama, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takasaki
- University of Toyama Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research Life, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Kondo
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kashiwakura
- Department of Radiological Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
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Tsai PH, Chien Y, Chuang JH, Chou SJ, Chien CH, Lai YH, Li HY, Ko YL, Chang YL, Wang CY, Liu YY, Lee HC, Yang CH, Tsai TF, Lee YY, Chiou SH. Dysregulation of Mitochondrial Functions and Osteogenic Differentiation in Cisd2-Deficient Murine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2561-76. [PMID: 26230298 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wolfram syndrome 2 (WFS2) is a premature aging syndrome caused by an irreversible mitochondria-mediated disorder. Cisd2, which regulates mitochondrial electron transport, has been recently identified as the causative gene of WFS2. The mouse Cisd2 knockout (KO) (Cisd2(-/-)) recapitulates most of the clinical manifestations of WFS2, including growth retardation, osteopenia, and lordokyphosis. However, the precise mechanisms underlying osteopenia in WFS2 and Cisd2 KO mice remain unknown. In this study, we collected embryonic fibroblasts from Cisd2-deficient embryos and reprogrammed them into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) via retroviral transduction with Oct4/Sox2/Klf4/c-Myc. Cisd2-deficient mouse iPSCs (miPSCs) exhibited structural abnormalities in their mitochondria and an impaired proliferative capability. The global gene expression profiles of Cisd2(+/+), Cisd2(+/-), and Cisd2(-/-) miPSCs revealed that Cisd2 functions as a regulator of both mitochondrial electron transport and Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which is critical for cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Notably, Cisd2(-/-) miPSCs exhibited impaired Wnt/β-catenin signaling, with the downregulation of downstream genes, such as Tcf1, Fosl1, and Jun and the osteogenic regulator Runx2. Several differentiation markers for tridermal lineages were globally impaired in Cisd2(-/-) miPSCs. Alizarin red S staining and flow cytometry analysis further revealed that Cisd2(-/-) miPSCs failed to undergo osteogenic differentiation. Taken together, our results, as determined using an miPSC-based platform, have demonstrated that Cisd2 regulates mitochondrial function, proliferation, intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis, and Wnt pathway signaling. Cisd2 deficiency impairs the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and thereby contributes to the pathogeneses of osteopenia and lordokyphosis in WFS2 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hsing Tsai
- 1 Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh Chien
- 1 Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei, Taiwan .,2 Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hua Chuang
- 2 Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei, Taiwan .,3 Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jie Chou
- 1 Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Hsu Chien
- 2 Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei, Taiwan .,3 Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsiu Lai
- 4 Institute of Anatomy & Cell Biology, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yang Li
- 4 Institute of Anatomy & Cell Biology, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei, Taiwan .,5 School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei, Taiwan .,6 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Neurological Institute , Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Ko
- 2 Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei, Taiwan .,5 School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Lih Chang
- 1 Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei, Taiwan .,7 Department of Pharmacy, Neurological Institute , Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ying Wang
- 5 School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yang Liu
- 2 Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei, Taiwan .,3 Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chen Lee
- 1 Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei, Taiwan .,5 School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hao Yang
- 8 Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Fen Tsai
- 9 Department of Life Sciences & Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yen Lee
- 3 Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei, Taiwan .,10 Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute , Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- 1 Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei, Taiwan .,2 Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei, Taiwan .,3 Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei, Taiwan .,4 Institute of Anatomy & Cell Biology, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei, Taiwan
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Hypoxia Induces a Metabolic Shift and Enhances the Stemness and Expansion of Cochlear Spiral Ganglion Stem/Progenitor Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:359537. [PMID: 26236724 PMCID: PMC4506838 DOI: 10.1155/2015/359537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that hypoxia (1% O2) enhances stemness markers and expands the cell numbers of cochlear stem/progenitor cells (SPCs). In this study, we further investigated the long-term effect of hypoxia on stemness and the bioenergetic status of cochlear spiral ganglion SPCs cultured at low oxygen tensions. Spiral ganglion SPCs were obtained from postnatal day 1 CBA/CaJ mouse pups. The measurement of oxygen consumption rate, extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), and intracellular adenosine triphosphate levels corresponding to 20% and 5% oxygen concentrations was determined using a Seahorse XF extracellular flux analyzer. After low oxygen tension cultivation for 21 days, the mean size of the hypoxia-expanded neurospheres was significantly increased at 5% O2; this correlated with high-level expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (Hif-1α), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin D1, Abcg2, nestin, and Nanog proteins but downregulated expression of p27 compared to that in a normoxic condition. Low oxygen tension cultivation tended to increase the side population fraction, with a significant difference found at 5% O2 compared to that at 20% O2. In addition, hypoxia induced a metabolic energy shift of SPCs toward higher basal ECARs and higher maximum mitochondrial respiratory capacity but lower proton leak than under normoxia, where the SPC metabolism was switched toward glycolysis in long-term hypoxic cultivation.
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Mils V, Bosch S, Roy J, Bel-Vialar S, Belenguer P, Pituello F, Miquel MC. Mitochondrial reshaping accompanies neural differentiation in the developing spinal cord. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128130. [PMID: 26020522 PMCID: PMC4447341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, long known as the cell powerhouses, also regulate redox signaling and arbitrate cell survival. The organelles are now appreciated to exert additional critical roles in cell state transition from a pluripotent to a differentiated state through balancing glycolytic and respiratory metabolism. These metabolic adaptations were recently shown to be concomitant with mitochondrial morphology changes and are thus possibly regulated by contingencies of mitochondrial dynamics. In this context, we examined, for the first time, mitochondrial network plasticity during the transition from proliferating neural progenitors to post-mitotic differentiating neurons. We found that mitochondria underwent morphological reshaping in the developing neural tube of chick and mouse embryos. In the proliferating population, mitochondria in the mitotic cells lying at the apical side were very small and round, while they appeared thick and short in interphase cells. In differentiating neurons, mitochondria were reorganized into a thin, dense network. This reshaping of the mitochondrial network was not specific of a subtype of progenitors or neurons, suggesting that this is a general event accompanying neurogenesis in the spinal cord. Our data shed new light on the various changes occurring in the mitochondrial network during neurogenesis and suggest that mitochondrial dynamics could play a role in the neurogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Mils
- Universités de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS UMR5547, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Bosch
- Universités de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS UMR5547, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Julie Roy
- Universités de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS UMR5547, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Bel-Vialar
- Universités de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS UMR5547, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale Belenguer
- Universités de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS UMR5547, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabienne Pituello
- Universités de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS UMR5547, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Christine Miquel
- Universités de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS UMR5547, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- UPMC Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Hwang HI, Lee TH, Jang YJ. Cell proliferation-inducing protein 52/mitofilin is a surface antigen on undifferentiated human dental pulp stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1309-19. [PMID: 25590652 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp is a soft tissue located inside the hard part of a tooth and it contains a stem cell population that can regenerate damaged dentin and/or pulp itself. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells that have the potential to be differentiated into a variety of cell types. Although cells cultured primarily from pulp tissue show heterogeneous phenotypes and variable efficiency in their dentinogenic differentiation, proper selection markers, which are specific to hDPSCs, are essential for the osteo/dentinogenic study of human dental pulp cells. We had previously screened a set of undifferentiation-specific cell surface antibodies of hDPSCs through decoy immunization. In this study, we show that one of these surface monoclonal antibodies, 3C4, is bound to intact pulp cells in a highly undifferentiation-specific manner. The surface antigen protein bound specifically to 3C4 antibody was identified through direct immunoprecipitation and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry as the cell proliferation-inducing protein 52/Mitofilin, which is a protein of the inner mitochondrial membrane and is a possible antagonist to maintaining mitochondrial activation during differentiation. The expression of mitofilin/3C4 antigen dramatically decreased during differentiation, and the depletion of mitofilin/3C4 antigen induced the expression of osteogenic/dentinogenic markers earlier than during normal differentiation. The 3C4-positive cells isolated by a magnetic-activated cell sorting system were differentiated with a higher efficiency than 3C4-negative cells. These results indicate that finding mitochondria-related stem cell markers is valuable to be able to identify and isolate primitive stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-In Hwang
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyong Lee
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Young-Joo Jang
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
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Wanet A, Remacle N, Najar M, Sokal E, Arnould T, Najimi M, Renard P. Mitochondrial remodeling in hepatic differentiation and dedifferentiation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 54:174-85. [PMID: 25084555 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism have recently emerged as important actors of stemness and differentiation. On the one hand, the differentiation of stem cells is associated with an induction of mitochondrial biogenesis and a shift from glycolysis toward oxidative phosphorylations (OXPHOS). In addition, interfering with mitochondrial biogenesis or function impacts stem cell differentiation. On the other hand, some inverse changes in mitochondrial abundance and function are observed during the reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Yet although great promises in cell therapy might generate better knowledge of the mechanisms regulating the stemness and differentiation of somatic stem cells (SSCs)-which are preferred over embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and iPSCs because of ethical and safety considerations-little interest was given to the study of their mitochondria. This study provides a detailed characterization of the mitochondrial biogenesis occurring during the hepatogenic differentiation of bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). During the hepatogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs, an increased abundance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is observed, as well as an increased expression of several mitochondrial proteins and biogenesis regulators, concomitant with increased OXPHOS activity, capacity, and efficiency. In addition, opposite changes in mitochondrial morphology and in the abundance of several OXPHOS subunits were found during the spontaneous dedifferentiation of primary hepatocytes. These data support reverse mitochondrial changes in a different context from genetically-engineered reprogramming. They argue in favor of a mitochondrial involvement in hepatic differentiation and dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Wanet
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Noémie Remacle
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Mehdi Najar
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Etienne Sokal
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Clinique et Expérimentale (IREC), Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Thierry Arnould
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Clinique et Expérimentale (IREC), Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Patricia Renard
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
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Palorini R, Votta G, Balestrieri C, Monestiroli A, Olivieri S, Vento R, Chiaradonna F. Energy metabolism characterization of a novel cancer stem cell-like line 3AB-OS. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:368-79. [PMID: 24030970 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) have a central role in driving tumor growth. Since metabolism is becoming an important diagnostic and therapeutic target, characterization of CSC line energetic properties is an emerging need. Embryonic and adult stem cells, compared to differentiated cells, exhibit a reduced mitochondrial activity and a stronger dependence on aerobic glycolysis. Here, we aimed to comparatively analyze bioenergetics features of the human osteosarcoma 3AB-OS CSC-like line, and the parental osteosarcoma MG63 cells, from which 3AB-OS cells have been previously selected. Our results suggest that 3AB-OS cells depend on glycolytic metabolism more strongly than MG63 cells. Indeed, growth in glucose shortage or in presence of galactose or pyruvate (mitochondrial specific substrates) leads to a significant reduction of their proliferation compared to MG63 cells. Accordingly, 3AB-OS cells show an increased expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and a larger accumulation of lactate in the culture medium. In line with these findings 3AB-OS cells as compared to MG63 cells present a reduced mitochondrial respiration, a stronger sensitivity to glucose depletion or glycolysis inhibition and a lessened sensitivity to oxidative phosphorylation inhibitors. Additionally, in contrast to MG63 cells, 3AB-OS display fragmented mitochondria, which become networked as they grow in glucose-rich medium, while almost entirely loose these structures growing in low glucose. Overall, our findings suggest that 3AB-OS CSC energy metabolism is more similar to normal stem cells and to cancer cells characterized by a glycolytic anaerobic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Palorini
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy; SYSBIO, Centre for Systems Biology, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
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Buravkova LB, Andreeva ER, Gogvadze V, Zhivotovsky B. Mesenchymal stem cells and hypoxia: where are we? Mitochondrion 2014; 19 Pt A:105-12. [PMID: 25034305 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are involved in the organization and maintenance of tissue integrity. MSCs have also attracted attention as a promising tool for cell therapy and regenerative medicine. However, their usage is limited due to cell impairment induced by an extremely harsh microenvironment during transplantation ex vivo. The microenvironment of MSCs in tissue depots is characterized by rather low oxygen consumption, demonstrating that MSCs might be quite resistant to oxygen limitation. However, accumulated data revealed that the response of MSCs to hypoxic conditions is rather controversial, demonstrating both damaging and ameliorating effects. Here, we make an attempt to summarize recent knowledge on the survival of MSCs under low oxygen conditions of varying duration and severity and to elucidate the mechanisms of MSC resistance/sensitivity to hypoxic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Buravkova
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Basic Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - E R Andreeva
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - V Gogvadze
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B Zhivotovsky
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Kowno M, Watanabe-Susaki K, Ishimine H, Komazaki S, Enomoto K, Seki Y, Wang YY, Ishigaki Y, Ninomiya N, Noguchi TAK, Kokubu Y, Ohnishi K, Nakajima Y, Kato K, Intoh A, Takada H, Yamakawa N, Wang PC, Asashima M, Kurisaki A. Prohibitin 2 regulates the proliferation and lineage-specific differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells in mitochondria. PLoS One 2014; 9:e81552. [PMID: 24709813 PMCID: PMC3977857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pluripotent state of embryonic stem (ES) cells is controlled by a network of specific transcription factors. Recent studies also suggested the significant contribution of mitochondria on the regulation of pluripotent stem cells. However, the molecules involved in these regulations are still unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we found that prohibitin 2 (PHB2), a pleiotrophic factor mainly localized in mitochondria, is a crucial regulatory factor for the homeostasis and differentiation of ES cells. PHB2 was highly expressed in undifferentiated mouse ES cells, and the expression was decreased during the differentiation of ES cells. Knockdown of PHB2 induced significant apoptosis in pluripotent ES cells, whereas enhanced expression of PHB2 contributed to the proliferation of ES cells. However, enhanced expression of PHB2 strongly inhibited ES cell differentiation into neuronal and endodermal cells. Interestingly, only PHB2 with intact mitochondrial targeting signal showed these specific effects on ES cells. Moreover, overexpression of PHB2 enhanced the processing of a dynamin-like GTPase (OPA1) that regulates mitochondrial fusion and cristae remodeling, which could induce partial dysfunction of mitochondria. Conclusions/Significance Our results suggest that PHB2 is a crucial mitochondrial regulator for homeostasis and lineage-specific differentiation of ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Kowno
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kanako Watanabe-Susaki
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hisako Ishimine
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shinji Komazaki
- Department of Anatomy, Saitama Medical School, Moroyama, Iruma, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kei Enomoto
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Seki
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ying Ying Wang
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yohei Ishigaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoto Ninomiya
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taka-aki K. Noguchi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuko Kokubu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keigoh Ohnishi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Nakajima
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kato
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Intoh
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitomi Takada
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Norio Yamakawa
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Pi-Chao Wang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Makoto Asashima
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, The University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akira Kurisaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Busada JT, Kaye EP, Renegar RH, Geyer CB. Retinoic acid induces multiple hallmarks of the prospermatogonia-to-spermatogonia transition in the neonatal mouse. Biol Reprod 2014; 90:64. [PMID: 24478393 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.114645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, most neonatal male germ cells (prospermatogonia) are quiescent and located in the center of the testis cords. In response to an unknown signal, prospermatogonia transition into spermatogonia, reenter the cell cycle, divide, and move to the periphery of the testis cords. In mice, these events occur by 3-4 days postpartum (dpp), which temporally coincides with the onset of retinoic acid (RA) signaling in the neonatal testis. RA has a pivotal role in initiating germ cell entry into meiosis in both sexes, yet little is known about the mechanisms and about cellular changes downstream of RA signaling. We examined the role of RA in mediating the prospermatogonia-to-spermatogonia transition in vivo and found 24 h of precocious RA exposure-induced germ cell changes mimicking those that occur during the endogenous transition at 3-4 dpp. These changes included: 1) spermatogonia proliferation; 2) maturation of cellular organelles; and 3), expression of markers characteristic of differentiating spermatogonia. We found that germ cell exposure to RA did not lead to cellular loss from apoptosis but rather resulted in a delay of ∼2 days in their entry into meiosis. Taken together, our results indicate that exogenous RA induces multiple hallmarks of the transition of prospermatogonia to spermatogonia prior to their entry into meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T Busada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
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Calautti E. Akt modes of stem cell regulation: more than meets the eye? Discoveries (Craiova) 2013; 1:e8. [PMID: 32309540 PMCID: PMC6941558 DOI: 10.15190/d.2013.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Akt signaling regulates many cellular functions that are essential for the proper balance between self-renewal and differentiation of tissue-specific and embryonic stem cells (SCs). However, the roles of Akt and its downstream signaling in SC regulation are rather complex, as Akt activation can either promote SC self-renewal or depletion in a context-dependent manner. In this review we have evidenced three "modes" of Akt-dependent SC regulation, which can be exemplified by three different SC types. In particular, we will discuss: 1) the integration of Akt signaling within the "core" SC signaling circuitry in the maintenance of SC self-renewal and pluripotency (embryonic SCs); 2) quantitative changes in Akt signaling in SC metabolic activity and exit from quiescence (hematopoietic SCs); 3) qualitative changes of Akt signaling in SC regulation: signaling compartment-talization and isoform-specific functions of Akt proteins in SC self-renewal and differentiation (limbal-corneal keratinocyte SCs). These diverse modes of action are not to be intended as mutually exclusive. Rather, it is likely that Akt proteins participate with multiple parallel mechanisms to regulation of the same SC type. We propose that under specific circumstances dictated by distinct developmental stages, differentiation programs or tissue culture conditions, one mode of Akt action prevails over the others in determining SC fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Calautti
- University of Turin, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Turin, Italy
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