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Li F, Zhu Y, Wang T, Tang J, Huang Y, Gu J, Mai Y, Wang M, Zhang Z, Ning J, Kang B, Wang J, Zhou T, Cui Y, Pan G. Characterization of gene regulatory networks underlying key properties in human hematopoietic stem cell ontogeny. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 13:9. [PMID: 38630195 PMCID: PMC11024070 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-024-00192-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Human hematopoiesis starts at early yolk sac and undergoes site- and stage-specific changes over development. The intrinsic mechanism underlying property changes in hematopoiesis ontogeny remains poorly understood. Here, we analyzed single-cell transcriptome of human primary hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) at different developmental stages, including yolk-sac (YS), AGM, fetal liver (FL), umbilical cord blood (UCB) and adult peripheral blood (PB) mobilized HSPCs. These stage-specific HSPCs display differential intrinsic properties, such as metabolism, self-renewal, differentiating potentialities etc. We then generated highly co-related gene regulatory network (GRNs) modules underlying the differential HSC key properties. Particularly, we identified GRNs and key regulators controlling lymphoid potentiality, self-renewal as well as aerobic respiration in human HSCs. Introducing selected regulators promotes key HSC functions in HSPCs derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Therefore, GRNs underlying key intrinsic properties of human HSCs provide a valuable guide to generate fully functional HSCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Cell Therapy, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yanling Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Cell Therapy, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory On Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Cell Therapy, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory On Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuhua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Cell Therapy, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jiaming Gu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Cell Therapy, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yuchan Mai
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Cell Therapy, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Mingquan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Cell Therapy, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory On Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Zhishuai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Cell Therapy, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jiaying Ning
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Cell Therapy, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Baoqiang Kang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Cell Therapy, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Cell Therapy, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Tiancheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Cell Therapy, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yazhou Cui
- Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Guangjin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Cell Therapy, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory On Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, 250117, Shandong, China.
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Peng H, Guo D, Shan W, Tan S, Wang C, Wang H, Liu Z, Xu B, Guo X, Wang Y. Identification of the AccCDK7 and AccCDK9 genes and their involvement in the response to resist external stress in Apis cerana cerana. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 100:104117. [PMID: 37019323 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies examining the functions of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) have mainly focused on the regulation of the cell cycle. Recent studies have found that cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) and cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) play important roles in cell stress, metabolism of toxic substances and maintaining the stability of the internal environment. Here, we found that under stress conditions, the transcription and protein expression of AccCDK7 and AccCDK9 were induced to varying degrees. Meanwhile, the silencing of AccCDK7 and AccCDK9 also affected the expression of antioxidant genes and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and reduced the survival rate of bees under high temperature stress. Furthermore, the exogenous overexpression of AccCDK7 and AccCDK9 improved the viability of yeast under stress conditions. Therefore, AccCDK7 and AccCDK9 may play roles in A.cerana cerana resistance to oxidative stress caused by external stimuli, potentially revealing a new mechanism of the honeybee response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Dezheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Wenlu Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Shuai Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Hongfang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Baohua Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xingqi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China.
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Jakubison BL, Sarkar T, Gudmundsson KO, Singh S, Sun L, Morris HM, Klarmann KD, Keller JR. ID2 and HIF-1α collaborate to protect quiescent hematopoietic stem cells from activation, differentiation, and exhaustion. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:152599. [PMID: 35775482 PMCID: PMC9246389 DOI: 10.1172/jci152599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining mechanism(s) that maintain tissue stem quiescence is important for improving tissue regeneration, cell therapies, aging, and cancer. We report here that genetic ablation of Id2 in adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) promotes increased HSC activation and differentiation, which results in HSC exhaustion and bone marrow failure over time. Id2Δ/Δ HSCs showed increased cycling, ROS production, mitochondrial activation, ATP production, and DNA damage compared with Id2+/+ HSCs, supporting the conclusion that Id2Δ/Δ HSCs are less quiescent. Mechanistically, HIF-1α expression was decreased in Id2Δ/Δ HSCs, and stabilization of HIF-1α in Id2Δ/Δ HSCs restored HSC quiescence and rescued HSC exhaustion. Inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (ID2) promoted HIF-1α expression by binding to the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein and interfering with proteasomal degradation of HIF-1α. HIF-1α promoted Id2 expression and enforced a positive feedback loop between ID2 and HIF-1α to maintain HSC quiescence. Thus, sustained ID2 expression could protect HSCs during stress and improve HSC expansion for gene editing and cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad L Jakubison
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.,Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI) - Frederick, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Tanmoy Sarkar
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI) - Frederick, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristbjorn O Gudmundsson
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.,Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI) - Frederick, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Shweta Singh
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI) - Frederick, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Lei Sun
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI) - Frederick, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Holly M Morris
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI) - Frederick, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Kimberly D Klarmann
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan R Keller
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.,Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI) - Frederick, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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CDK19 regulates the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells and acute myeloid leukemia cells by suppressing p53-mediated transcription of p21. Leukemia 2022; 36:956-969. [PMID: 35110726 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cell cycle progression of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells is precisely controlled by multiple regulatory factors. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we find that cyclin-dependent kinase 19 (CDK19), not its paralogue CDK8, is relatively enriched in mouse HSCs, and its expression is more significantly increased than CDK8 after proliferative stresses. Furthermore, SenexinB (a CDK8/19 inhibitor) treatment impairs the proliferation and self-renewal ability of HSCs. Moreover, overexpression of CDK19 promotes HSC function better than CDK8 overexpression. Using CDK19 knockout mice, we observe that CDK19-/- HSCs exhibit similar phenotypes to those of cells treated with SenexinB. Interestingly, the p53 signaling pathway is significantly activated in HSCs lacking CDK19 expression. Further investigations show that CDK19 can interact with p53 to inhibit p53-mediated transcription of p21 in HSCs and treatment with a specific p53 inhibitor (PFTβ) partially rescues the defects of CDK19-null HSCs. Importantly, SenexinB treatment markedly inhibits the proliferation of AML cells. Collectively, our findings indicate that CDK19 is involved in regulating HSC and AML cell proliferation via the p53-p21 pathway, revealing a new mechanism underlying cell cycle regulation in normal and malignant hematopoietic cells.
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Albayrak E, Uslu M, Akgol S, Tuysuz EC, Kocabas F. Small molecule-mediated modulation of ubiquitination and neddylation improves HSC function ex vivo. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:8122-8136. [PMID: 34101829 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are particularly characterized by their quiescence and self-renewal. Cell cycle regulators tightly control quiescence and self-renewal capacity. Studies suggest that modulation of ubiquitination and neddylation could contribute to HSC function via cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs). S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) is responsible for ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of CDKIs. Here, we modulated overall neddylation and SKP2-associated ubiquitination in HSCs by using SKP2-C25, an SKP2 inhibitor, and MLN4924 (Pevonedistat) as an inhibitor of the NEDD8 system. Treatments of SKP2-C25 and MLN4924 increased both murine and human stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) compartments. This is associated with the improved quiescence of murine HSC by upregulation of p27 and p57 CDKIs. A colony-forming unit assay showed an enhanced in vitro self-renewal potential post inhibition of ubiquitination and neddylation. In addition, MLN4924 triggered the mobilization of bone marrow HSPCs to peripheral blood. Intriguingly, MLN4924 treatment could decrease the proliferation of murine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells or endothelial cells. These findings shed light on the contribution of SKP2, and associated ubiquitination and neddylation in HSC maintenance, self-renewal, and expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Albayrak
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Uslu
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezer Akgol
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Can Tuysuz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Kocabas
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Zhang Y, Wang Y. Circular RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Emerging Functions to Clinical Significances. Front Oncol 2021; 11:667428. [PMID: 34055634 PMCID: PMC8160296 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.667428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary cancer of the liver and carries high morbidity and mortality. Diagnosing HCC at an early stage is challenging. Therefore, finding new, highly sensitive and specific diagnostic biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC patients is extremely important. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs with covalently closed loop structures. They are characterized by remarkable stability, long half-life, abundance and evolutionary conservation. Recent studies have shown that many circRNAs are expressed aberrantly in HCC tissues and have important regulatory roles during the development and progression of HCC. Hence, circRNAs are promising biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. This review: (i) summarizes the biogenesis, categories, and functions of circRNAs; (ii) focuses on current progress of dysregulated expression of circRNAs in HCC with regard to regulation of the tumor hallmarks, “stemness” of cancer cells, and immunotherapy; (iii) highlights circRNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HCC; and (iv) discusses some of the challenges, questions and future perspectives of circRNAs research in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Johnson C, Belluschi S, Laurenti E. Beyond “to divide or not to divide”: Kinetics matters in hematopoietic stem cells. Exp Hematol 2020; 92:1-10.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Shapiro MJ, Anderson J, Lehrke MJ, Chen M, Nelson Holte M, Shapiro VS. NKAP Regulates Senescence and Cell Death Pathways in Hematopoietic Progenitors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:214. [PMID: 31632967 PMCID: PMC6783958 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
NKAP is a multi-functional nuclear protein that has been shown to be essential for hematopoiesis. Deletion of NKAP in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) was previously found to result in rapid lethality and hematopoietic failure. NKAP deficient cells also exhibited diminished proliferation and increased expression of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) p19 Ink4d and p21 Cip1. To determine how dysregulation of CDKI expression contributes to the effects of NKAP deficiency, NKAP was deleted in mice also deficient in p19 Ink4d or p21 Cip1 using poly-IC treatment to induce Mx1-cre. Hematopoietic failure and lethality were not prevented by deficiency in either CDKI when NKAP was deleted. Inducible deletion of NKAP in cultured hematopoietic progenitors ex vivo resulted in a senescent phenotype and altered expression of numerous cell cycle regulators including the CDKI p16 INK4a. Interestingly, while combined deficiency in p16 INK4a and p21 Cip1 did not reverse the effect of NKAP deficiency on hematopoiesis in vivo, it did shift the consequence of NKAP deficiency from senescence to apoptosis in ex vivo cultures. These results suggest that NKAP may limit cellular stress that can trigger cell cycle withdrawal or cell death, a role critical for the maintenance of a viable pool of hematopoietic progenitors.
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Mohammad K, Dakik P, Medkour Y, Mitrofanova D, Titorenko VI. Quiescence Entry, Maintenance, and Exit in Adult Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092158. [PMID: 31052375 PMCID: PMC6539837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells of unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes can respond to certain environmental cues by arresting the cell cycle and entering a reversible state of quiescence. Quiescent cells do not divide, but can re-enter the cell cycle and resume proliferation if exposed to some signals from the environment. Quiescent cells in mammals and humans include adult stem cells. These cells exhibit improved stress resistance and enhanced survival ability. In response to certain extrinsic signals, adult stem cells can self-renew by dividing asymmetrically. Such asymmetric divisions not only allow the maintenance of a population of quiescent cells, but also yield daughter progenitor cells. A multistep process of the controlled proliferation of these progenitor cells leads to the formation of one or more types of fully differentiated cells. An age-related decline in the ability of adult stem cells to balance quiescence maintenance and regulated proliferation has been implicated in many aging-associated diseases. In this review, we describe many traits shared by different types of quiescent adult stem cells. We discuss how these traits contribute to the quiescence, self-renewal, and proliferation of adult stem cells. We examine the cell-intrinsic mechanisms that allow establishing and sustaining the characteristic traits of adult stem cells, thereby regulating quiescence entry, maintenance, and exit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karamat Mohammad
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street, West, SP Building, Room 501-13, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - Paméla Dakik
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street, West, SP Building, Room 501-13, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - Younes Medkour
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street, West, SP Building, Room 501-13, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - Darya Mitrofanova
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street, West, SP Building, Room 501-13, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - Vladimir I Titorenko
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street, West, SP Building, Room 501-13, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada.
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Cui P, Zhang Y, Cui M, Li Z, Ma G, Wang R, Wang N, Huang S, Gao J. Leukemia cells impair normal hematopoiesis and induce functionally loss of hematopoietic stem cells through immune cells and inflammation. Leuk Res 2018; 65:49-54. [PMID: 29306107 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) failure is often seen in leukemia patients, indicating an abnormal hematopoietic process. However, hematopoiesis in leukemic milieus is largely unknown. In the present study, we utilized one of the most frequent leukemogenic translocations MLL-AF9 to induce leukemia and investigated the hematopoiesis and the activity of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in a leukemic milieu. We found that the phenotypes of the non-leukemic population in leukemic BM were drastically different than normal BM, including blockage of differentiation and a drastically reduced Lin-/Sca+/c-kit+ (LSK) population that contains all HSPCs in leukemic BM. Further, transplantation assays demonstrated that stem cell function of HSPCs from leukemic BM was significantly compromised. Intriguingly, BM from a patient-derived xenograft leukemia model and from immunocompromised mice transplanted with murine MLL-AF9 cells, showed comparable percentage of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to normal controls, indicating that an immunocompetent microenvironment is critical for leukemia-induced loss of HSPCs. Mechanistically, we found that the non-leukemic cells from leukemic BM possessed a more inflammatory profile than either leukemic cells or normal BM counterparts. Co-culturing or co-transplantation with non-leukemic cells from leukemic BM impaired the stem cell function of normal HSPCs in vitro and in vivo respectively, suggesting that the highly inflammatory non-leukemic population in leukemic BM not only is functionally abnormal but displayed a 'leukemia-like' characteristic. Finally, we tested the effect of the anti-inflammation drug diclofenac on leukemia mice. However, no phenotypic changes of HSPCs were observed upon diclofenac treatment due to only mild repression of inflammatory genes by diclofenac, further indicating that inflammation is a powerful negative regulator of HSPCs. Together, our results suggest that leukemia impairs normal hematopoiesis and inflammation as well as immune cells play a critical role in leukemia-induced BM failure.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Coculture Techniques
- Diclofenac/pharmacology
- Hematopoiesis
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/immunology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Immunocompetence
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Cui
- Department of Pathology, Cangzhou Medical College, China.
| | - Yuhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Cangzhou Medical College, China
| | - Maoxiang Cui
- Department of Pathology, Cangzhou Medical College, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Pathology, Cangzhou Medical College, China
| | - Guang Ma
- Department of Pathology, Cangzhou Medical College, China
| | - Rufeng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Cangzhou Medical College, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pathology, Cangzhou Medical College, China
| | - Shujuan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Cangzhou Medical College, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Pathology, Cangzhou Medical College, China
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11
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Gui J, Zhao B, Lyu K, Tong W, Fuchs SY. Downregulation of the IFNAR1 chain of type 1 interferon receptor contributes to the maintenance of the haematopoietic stem cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 18:534-543. [PMID: 28678581 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2017.1345395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated that prolonged exposure of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to type I interferons (IFN) stimulates HSCs entrance into cell cycle, continuous proliferation and eventual exhaustion, which could be prevented by ablation of the Ifnar1 chain of IFN receptor. Given that levels IFNAR1 expression can be robustly affected by IFN-independent ubiquitination and downregulation of IFNAR1 in response to activation of protein kinases such as protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and casein kinase 1α (CK1α), we aimed to determine the role of IFNAR1 downregulation in the maintenance of HSCs. Mice harboring the ubiquitination-deficient Ifnar1S526A allele displayed greater levels of haematopoietic cell progenitors but reduced numbers of the long-term HSCs compared with wild type mice and animals lacking Ifnar1. Studies using competitive bone marrow repopulation assays showed that CK1α (but not PERK) is essential for the long-term HSCs function. Concurrent ablation of Ifnar1 led to a modest attenuation of the CK1α-null phenotype indicating that, although other CK1α targets are likely to be important, IFNAR1 downregulation can contribute to the maintenance of the HSCs function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gui
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences and Mari Lowe Center for Comparative Oncology , School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Bin Zhao
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences and Mari Lowe Center for Comparative Oncology , School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Kaosheng Lyu
- b Division of Hematology , Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,c Department of Pediatrics , Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Wei Tong
- b Division of Hematology , Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,c Department of Pediatrics , Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Serge Y Fuchs
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences and Mari Lowe Center for Comparative Oncology , School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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12
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Cabezas-Wallscheid N, Buettner F, Sommerkamp P, Klimmeck D, Ladel L, Thalheimer FB, Pastor-Flores D, Roma LP, Renders S, Zeisberger P, Przybylla A, Schönberger K, Scognamiglio R, Altamura S, Florian CM, Fawaz M, Vonficht D, Tesio M, Collier P, Pavlinic D, Geiger H, Schroeder T, Benes V, Dick TP, Rieger MA, Stegle O, Trumpp A. Vitamin A-Retinoic Acid Signaling Regulates Hematopoietic Stem Cell Dormancy. Cell 2017; 169:807-823.e19. [PMID: 28479188 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dormant hematopoietic stem cells (dHSCs) are atop the hematopoietic hierarchy. The molecular identity of dHSCs and the mechanisms regulating their maintenance or exit from dormancy remain uncertain. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis to show that the transition from dormancy toward cell-cycle entry is a continuous developmental path associated with upregulation of biosynthetic processes rather than a stepwise progression. In addition, low Myc levels and high expression of a retinoic acid program are characteristic for dHSCs. To follow the behavior of dHSCs in situ, a Gprc5c-controlled reporter mouse was established. Treatment with all-trans retinoic acid antagonizes stress-induced activation of dHSCs by restricting protein translation and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Myc. Mice maintained on a vitamin A-free diet lose HSCs and show a disrupted re-entry into dormancy after exposure to inflammatory stress stimuli. Our results highlight the impact of dietary vitamin A on the regulation of cell-cycle-mediated stem cell plasticity. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Cabezas-Wallscheid
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Florian Buettner
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Pia Sommerkamp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Klimmeck
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luisa Ladel
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederic B Thalheimer
- LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniel Pastor-Flores
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leticia P Roma
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Renders
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Zeisberger
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adriana Przybylla
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Schönberger
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roberta Scognamiglio
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandro Altamura
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolina M Florian
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Stem Cells and Aging, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Malak Fawaz
- LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dominik Vonficht
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melania Tesio
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Collier
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dinko Pavlinic
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Geiger
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Stem Cells and Aging, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Timm Schroeder
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Benes
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias P Dick
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael A Rieger
- LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Oliver Stegle
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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13
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Abstract
Evidence presented over the last few years indicates that the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment comprises not just one but a number of different cell populations. Based on HSCs’ proliferation and engraftment potential, it has been suggested that there are two classes of HSC, with long- and short-term engraftment potential. HSC heterogeneity seems to involve differentiation capacities as well, since it has been shown that some HSC clones are able to give rise to both myeloid and lymphoid progeny, whereas others are lymphoid deficient. It has been recognized that HSC function depends on intrinsic cell regulators, which are modulated by external signals. Among the former, we can include transcription factors and non-coding RNAs as well as epigenetic modifiers. Among the latter, cytokines and extracellular matrix molecules have been implicated. Understanding the elements and mechanisms that regulate HSC populations is of significant relevance both in biological and in clinical terms, and research in this area still has to face several complex and exciting challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Mayani
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, IMSS National Medical Center, Mexico City, Mexico
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14
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Ruan Z, Liu J, Kuang Y. Isolation and characterization of side population cells from the human ovarian cancer cell line SK-OV-3. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:2071-2078. [PMID: 26668597 PMCID: PMC4665172 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most malignant type of gynecological tumor due to its high recurrence rate following initial treatment. Previous studies have indicated that cancer stem cells (CSCs) may be a potential cause underlying the high proportion of recurrence. Side population (SP) cells isolated from cancer cell lines have been shown to exhibit characteristics associated with CSCs, but studies on SP cells in human ovarian SK-OV-3 cell line are limited. In the present study, the SP cell fraction (4.83% of the total cell population) was isolated using flow cytometry, and analyzed by immunocytochemical analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that SP cells exhibited a high mean fluorescence intensity for CD44, a CSC marker, in addition to elevated expression of the CSCs-associated genes, ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 and Nestin. These findings indicated the stem cell-like features of the SP cells. Furthermore, a colony formation test showed that the isolated SP cells possessed a marked capacity for self-regeneration and proliferation. In addition, a cell cycle assay involving cisplatin indicated that the SP cells were strongly resistant to chemotherapy. In conclusion, the present results suggested that SP cells isolated from the SK-OV-3 cell line exhibited properties typically associated with CSCs. Therefore, the isolated SP cells may be used to provide novel insight into potential therapies against OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyi Ruan
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Kuang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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15
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Larsson A, Carlsson L, Lind AL, Gordh T, Bodolea C, Kamali-Moghaddam M, Thulin M. The body mass index (BMI) is significantly correlated with levels of cytokines and chemokines in cerebrospinal fluid. Cytokine 2015; 76:514-518. [PMID: 26188367 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines and chemokines regulate many functions in the body including the brain. The interactions between adipose tissue and the central nervous system (CNS) are important for the regulation of energy balance. CNS function is also influenced by age. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of body mass index (BMI) and age on cytokine and chemokine levels in cerebrospinal fluid. Cerebrospinal fluid samples (n=89) were collected from patients undergoing routine surgical procedures. The samples were analyzed using the multiplex proximity extension assay (PEA) in which 92 different cytokines are measured simultaneously using minute sample volume. We found no significant correlations between age and cytokine levels for any of the studied markers. In contrast, at a false discovery rate of 10%, 19 markers were significantly associated with BMI (in decreasing significance: FGF-5, ADA, Beta-NGF, CD40, IL-10RB, CCL19, TGF-alpha, SIRT2, TWEAK, SCF, CSF-1, 4E-BP1, DNER, LIF-R, STAMPB, CXCL10, CXCL6, VEGF-A and CX3CL1). This study reveals a clear effect of BMI on cytokine and chemokine levels in cerebrospinal fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Lena Carlsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anne-Li Lind
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care and Uppsala Berzelii Technology Center for Neurodiagnostics, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Torsten Gordh
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care and Uppsala Berzelii Technology Center for Neurodiagnostics, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Constantin Bodolea
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Masood Kamali-Moghaddam
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Måns Thulin
- Department of Statistics, Uppsala University, SE-751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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Larsson A, Carlsson L, Gordh T, Lind AL, Thulin M, Kamali-Moghaddam M. The effects of age and gender on plasma levels of 63 cytokines. J Immunol Methods 2015; 425:58-61. [PMID: 26080062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines play important roles as regulators of cell functions, and over the last decades a number of cytokine assays have been developed. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of age and gender on a large number of cytokines. Plasma samples were collected from 33 healthy blood donors. The samples were analyzed using a multiplex proximity extension assay (PEA) allowing simultaneous measurement of 92 cytokines and four technical controls. Biomarkers with less than 80% quantitative results were excluded leaving 63 cytokines that were analyzed for the effects of gender and age. The plasma level of three of the investigated biomarkers (DNER, MCP-4 and MMP-10) were found to be significantly different for the two genders (adjusted p-value<0.05), and 15 of the biomarkers (CCL11, CCL25, CDCP1, CSF-1, CXCL11, CXCL9, FGF-23, Flt3L, HGF, IL-10RB, MCP-3, MCP-4, MMP-10, OPG, VEGF-A) were significantly associated with age. This study reveals the effects of age and gender on a large number of cytokine assays. CXCL5 and TNFB were significantly higher in females, while the other markers with significant gender-dependent differences were higher in males. For the markers that were significantly associated with age, only CXCL6 was found to decrease with age, while the other biomarkers increased with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Lena Carlsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Torsten Gordh
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care and Uppsala Berzelii Technology Center for Neurodiagnostics, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anne-Li Lind
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care and Uppsala Berzelii Technology Center for Neurodiagnostics, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Måns Thulin
- Department of Statistics, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Masood Kamali-Moghaddam
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
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17
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Tomiatti V, Istvánffy R, Pietschmann E, Kratzat S, Hoellein A, Quintanilla-Fend L, von Bubnoff N, Peschel C, Oostendorp RAJ, Keller U. Cks1 is a critical regulator of hematopoietic stem cell quiescence and cycling, operating upstream of Cdk inhibitors. Oncogene 2014; 34:4347-57. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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18
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Carrillo García C, Riedt T, Li J, Dotten M, Brossart P, Janzen V. Simultaneous deletion of p21Cip1/Waf1 and caspase-3 accelerates proliferation and partially rescues the differentiation defects of caspase-3 deficient hematopoietic stem cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109266. [PMID: 25286245 PMCID: PMC4186822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Specialized blood cells are generated through the entire life of an organism by differentiation of a small number of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). There are strictly regulated mechanisms assuring a constant and controlled production of mature blood cells. Although such mechanisms are not completely understood, some factors regulating cell cycle and differentiation have been identified. We have previously shown that Caspase-3 is an important regulator of HSC homeostasis and cytokine responsiveness. p21cip1/waf1 is a known cell cycle regulator, however its role in stem cell homeostasis seems to be limited. Several reports indicate interactions between p21cip1/waf1 and Caspase-3 in a cell type dependent manner. Here we studied the impact of simultaneous depletion of both factors on HSC homeostasis. Depletion of both Caspase-3 and p21cip1/waf1 resulted in an even more pronounced increase in the frequency of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. In addition, simultaneous deletion of both genes revealed a further increase of cell proliferation compared to single knock-outs and WT control mice, while apoptosis or self-renewal ability were not affected in any of the genotypes. Upon transplantation, p21cip1/waf1-/- bone marrow did not reveal significant alterations in engraftment of lethally irradiated mice, while Caspase-3 deficient HSPC displayed a significant reduction of blood cell production. However, when both p21cip1/waf1 and Caspase-3 were eliminated this differentiation defect caused by Caspase-3 deficiency was abrogated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Carrillo García
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tamara Riedt
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Manuela Dotten
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Brossart
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Viktor Janzen
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail:
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19
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Transformation of quiescent adult oligodendrocyte precursor cells into malignant glioma through a multistep reactivation process. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E4214-23. [PMID: 25246577 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1414389111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
How malignant gliomas arise in a mature brain remains a mystery, hindering the development of preventive and therapeutic interventions. We previously showed that oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) can be transformed into glioma when mutations are introduced perinatally. However, adult OPCs rarely proliferate compared with their perinatal counterparts. Whether these relatively quiescent cells have the potential to transform is unknown, which is a critical question considering the late onset of human glioma. Additionally, the premalignant events taking place between initial mutation and a fully developed tumor mass are particularly poorly understood in glioma. Here we used a temporally controllable Cre transgene to delete p53 and NF1 specifically in adult OPCs and demonstrated that these cells consistently give rise to malignant gliomas. To investigate the transforming process of quiescent adult OPCs, we then tracked these cells throughout the premalignant phase, which revealed a dynamic multistep transformation, starting with rapid but transient hyperproliferative reactivation, followed by a long period of dormancy, and then final malignant transformation. Using pharmacological approaches, we discovered that mammalian target of rapamycin signaling is critical for both the initial OPC reactivation step and late-stage tumor cell proliferation and thus might be a potential target for both glioma prevention and treatment. In summary, our results firmly establish the transforming potential of adult OPCs and reveal an actionable multiphasic reactivation process that turns slowly dividing OPCs into malignant gliomas.
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20
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Angelopoulou MK, Tsirkinidis P, Boutsikas G, Vassilakopoulos TP, Tsirigotis P. New insights in the mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells in lymphoma and multiple myeloma patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:835138. [PMID: 25197663 PMCID: PMC4150414 DOI: 10.1155/2014/835138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Following chemotherapy and/or the administration of growth factors, such as granulocyte-colony stimulated factor (G-CSF), hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) mobilize from bone marrow to peripheral blood. This review aims to systematically present the structure of the HSC "niche" and elucidate the mechanisms of their mobilization. However, this field is constantly evolving and new pathways and molecules have been shown to contribute to the mobilization process. Understanding the importance and the possible primary pathophysiologic role of each pathway is rather difficult, since they share various overlapping components. The primary initiating event for the mobilization of HSC is chemotherapy-induced endogenous G-CSF production or exogenous G-CSF administration. G-CSF induces proliferation and expansion of the myelomonocytic series, which leads to proteolytic enzyme activation. These enzymes result in disruption of various receptor-ligand bonds, which leads to the disanchorage of HSC from the bone marrow stroma. In everyday clinical practice, CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) antagonists are now being used as mobilization agents in order to improve HSC collection. Furthermore, based on the proposed mechanisms of HSC mobilization, novel mobilizing agents have been developed and are currently evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K. Angelopoulou
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17 AgiouThoma, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Pantelis Tsirkinidis
- Department of Hematology, 401 Army Forces Hospital, 138 Mesogeion Avenue, 11525 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Boutsikas
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17 AgiouThoma, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros P. Vassilakopoulos
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17 AgiouThoma, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Panayiotis Tsirigotis
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini Street, Chaidari, 12462 Athens, Greece
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Strikoudis A, Guillamot M, Aifantis I. Regulation of stem cell function by protein ubiquitylation. EMBO Rep 2014; 15:365-82. [PMID: 24652853 DOI: 10.1002/embr.201338373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue homeostasis depends largely on the ability to replenish impaired or aged cells. Thus, tissue-resident stem cells need to provide functional progeny throughout the lifetime of an organism. Significant work in the past years has characterized how stem cells integrate signals from their environment to shape regulatory transcriptional networks and chromatin-regulating factors that control stem cell differentiation or maintenance. There is increasing interest in how post-translational modifications, and specifically ubiquitylation, control these crucial decisions. Ubiquitylation modulates the stability and function of important factors that regulate key processes in stem cell behavior. In this review, we analyze the role of ubiquitylation in embryonic stem cells and different adult multipotent stem cell systems and discuss the underlying mechanisms that control the balance between quiescence, self-renewal, and differentiation. We also discuss deregulated processes of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation that lead to the development of tumor-initiating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Strikoudis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Seijkens T, Hoeksema MA, Beckers L, Smeets E, Meiler S, Levels J, Tjwa M, de Winther MPJ, Lutgens E. Hypercholesterolemia-induced priming of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells aggravates atherosclerosis. FASEB J 2014; 28:2202-13. [PMID: 24481967 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-243105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) determines immune cell function. In this study, we investigated how hypercholesterolemia affects HSPC biology and atherosclerosis. Hypercholesterolemia induced loss of HSPC quiescence, characterized by increased proliferation and expression of cyclin B1, C1, and D1, and a decreased expression of Rb, resulting in a 3.6- fold increase in the number of HSPCs in hypercholesterolemic Ldlr(-/-) mice. Competitive bone marrow (BM) transplantations showed that a hypercholesterolemic BM microenvironment activates HSPCs and skews their development toward myeloid lineages. Conversely, hypercholesterolemia-primed HSPCs acquired an enhanced propensity to generate myeloid cells, especially granulocytes and Ly6C(high) monocytes, even in a normocholesterolemic BM microenvironment. In conformity, macrophages differentiated from hypercholesterolemia-primed HSPCs produced 17.0% more TNF-α, 21.3% more IL-6, and 10.5% more MCP1 than did their normocholesterolemic counterparts. Hypercholesterolemia-induced priming of HSPCs generated leukocytes that more readily migrated into the artery, which resulted in a 2.1-fold increase in atherosclerotic plaque size. In addition, these plaques had a more advanced phenotype and exhibited a 1.2-fold increase in macrophages and 1.8-fold increase in granulocytes. These results identify hypercholesterolemia-induced activation and priming of HSPCs as a novel pathway in the development of atherosclerosis. Inhibition of this proinflammatory differentiation pathway on the HSPC level has the potential to reduce atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Seijkens
- 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 CZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Rovida E, Marzi I, Cipolleschi MG, Dello Sbarba P. One more stem cell niche: how the sensitivity of chronic myeloid leukemia cells to imatinib mesylate is modulated within a "hypoxic" environment. HYPOXIA 2014; 2:1-10. [PMID: 27774462 PMCID: PMC5045050 DOI: 10.2147/hp.s51812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This is a review (by no means comprehensive) of how the stem cell niche evolved from an abstract concept to a complex system, implemented with a number of experimental data at the cellular and molecular levels, including metabolic cues, on which we focused in particular. The concept was introduced in 1978 to model bone marrow sites suited to host hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and favor their self-renewal, while restraining clonal expansion and commitment to differentiation. Studies of the effects of low oxygen tension on HSC maintenance in vitro led us to hypothesize niches were located within bone marrow areas where oxygen tension is lower than elsewhere. We named these areas hypoxic stem cell niches, although a low oxygen tension is to be considered physiological for the environment where HSCs are maintained. HSCs were later shown to have the option of cycling in low oxygen, which steers this cycling to the maintenance of stem cell potential. Cell subsets capable of withstanding incubation in very low oxygen were also detected within leukemia cell populations, including chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The oncogenetic Bcr/Abl protein is completely suppressed in these subsets, whereas Bcr/Abl messenger ribonucleic acid is not, indicating that CML cells resistant to low oxygen are independent of Bcr/Abl for persistence in culture but remain genetically leukemic. Accordingly, leukemia stem cells of CML selected in low oxygen are refractory to the Bcr/Abl inhibitor imatinib mesylate. Bcr/Abl protein suppression turned out to be actually determined when glucose shortage complicated the effects of low oxygen, indicating that ischemia-like conditions are the driving force of leukemia stem cell refractoriness to imatinib mesylate. These studies pointed to “ischemic” stem cell niches as a novel scenario for the maintenance of minimal residual disease of CML. A possible functional relationship of the “ischemic” with the “hypoxic” stem cell niche is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Rovida
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy; Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy; Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cipolleschi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy; Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Persio Dello Sbarba
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy; Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
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Toona Sinensis and Moschus Decoction Induced Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Cervical Carcinoma HeLa Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:121276. [PMID: 24511319 PMCID: PMC3910463 DOI: 10.1155/2014/121276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Toona sinensis and Moschus are two herb materials used in traditional Chinese medicine, most commonly for their various biological activities. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of three decoctions from Toona sinensis, Moschus, and Toona sinensis and Moschus in combination on cell growth in several normal and cancer cell lines by cell viability assay. The results showed that the combined decoction exhibited the strongest anticancer effects, compared to two single decoctions. The observations indicated that the combined decoction did not induce cell apoptosis and autophagy in HeLa cells by fluorescence microscopy. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the combined decoction arrested HeLa cell cycle progression in S-phase. After the decoction incubation, among 41 cell cycle related genes, eight were reduced, while five were increased in mRNA levels by real-time PCR assay. Western blotting showed that there were no apparent changes of protein levels of Cyclin E1, while P27 expression significantly declined and the levels of CDC7 and CDK7 obviously increased. The data suggest that the RB pathway is partially responsible for the decoction-induced S-phase cell cycle arrest in HeLa cells. Therefore, the combined decoction may have therapeutic potential as an anticancer formula for certain cancers.
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Bai L, Shi G, Zhang X, Dong W, Zhang L. Transgenic expression of BRCA1 disturbs hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells quiescence and function. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:2739-46. [PMID: 23850973 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The balance between quiescence and proliferation of HSCs is an important regulator of hematopoiesis. Loss of quiescence frequently results in HSCs exhaustion, which underscores the importance of tight regulation of proliferation in these cells. Studies have indicated that cyclin-dependent kinases are involved in the regulation of quiescence in HSCs. BRCA1 plays an important role in the repair of DNA double-stranded breaks, cell cycle, apoptosis and transcription. BRCA1 is expressed in the bone marrow. However, the function of BRCA1 in HSCs is unknown. In our study, we generated BRCA1 transgenic mice to investigate the effects of BRCA1 on the mechanisms of quiescence and differentiation in HSCs. The results demonstrate that over-expression of BRCA1 in the bone marrow impairs the development of B lymphocytes. Furthermore, BRCA1 induced an increase in the number of LSKs, LT-HSCs, ST-HSCs and MPPs. A competitive transplantation assay found that BRCA1 transgenic mice failed to reconstitute hematopoiesis. Moreover, BRCA1 regulates the expression of p21(waf1)/cip1 and p57(kip2), which results in a loss of quiescence in LSKs. Together, over-expression of BRCA1 in bone marrow disrupted the quiescent of LSKs, induced excessive accumulation of LSKs, and disrupted differentiation of the HSCs, which acts through the down-regulated of p21(waf1)/cip1 and p57(kip2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Chao Yang Strict, Pan Jia Yuan Nan Li No.5, Beijing 100021, China
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Losman JA, Kaelin WG. What a difference a hydroxyl makes: mutant IDH, (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate, and cancer. Genes Dev 2013; 27:836-52. [PMID: 23630074 DOI: 10.1101/gad.217406.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in metabolic enzymes, including isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and IDH2, in cancer strongly implicate altered metabolism in tumorigenesis. IDH1 and IDH2 catalyze the interconversion of isocitrate and 2-oxoglutarate (2OG). 2OG is a TCA cycle intermediate and an essential cofactor for many enzymes, including JmjC domain-containing histone demethylases, TET 5-methylcytosine hydroxylases, and EglN prolyl-4-hydroxylases. Cancer-associated IDH mutations alter the enzymes such that they reduce 2OG to the structurally similar metabolite (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate [(R)-2HG]. Here we review what is known about the molecular mechanisms of transformation by mutant IDH and discuss their implications for the development of targeted therapies to treat IDH mutant malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie-Aurore Losman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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PKR regulates proliferation, differentiation, and survival of murine hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Blood 2013; 121:3364-74. [PMID: 23403623 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-09-456400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase R (PKR) is an interferon (IFN)-inducible, double-stranded RNA-activated kinase that initiates apoptosis in response to cellular stress. To determine the role of PKR in hematopoiesis, we developed transgenic mouse models that express either human PKR (TgPKR) or a dominant-negative PKR (TgDNPKR) mutant specifically in hematopoietic tissues. Significantly, peripheral blood counts from TgPKR mice decrease with age in association with dysplastic marrow changes. TgPKR mice have reduced colony-forming capacity and the colonies also are more sensitive to hematopoietic stresses. Furthermore, TgPKR mice have fewer hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), and the percentage of quiescent (G0) HSPCs is increased. Importantly, treatment of TgPKR bone marrow (BM) with a PKR inhibitor specifically rescues sensitivity to growth factor deprivation. In contrast, marrow from PKR knockout (PKRKO) mice has increased potential for colony formation and HSPCs are more actively proliferating and resistant to stress. Significantly, TgPKR HSPCs have increased expression of p21 and IFN regulatory factor, whereas cells from PKRKO mice display mechanisms indicative of proliferation such as reduced eukaryotic initiation factor 2α phosphorylation, increased extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 phosphorylation, and increased CDK2 expression. Collectively, data reveal that PKR is an unrecognized but important regulator of HSPC cell fate and may play a role in the pathogenesis of BM failure.
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