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El-Malkey NF, Aref M, Goda NIA, Hussien MH, Samy W, Hadhod S. Sleep deprivation disturbs uterine contractility and structure in pregnant rats: role of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and transforming growth factor-β. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 101:574-588. [PMID: 37433223 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) during pregnancy can impact the delivery procedure, with prolongation of the labor duration. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) are regulators of uterine remodeling. Their dysregulation is vital for abnormal placentation and uterine enlargement in complicated pregnancies. Therefore, this study aims to explore the outcome of SD throughout pregnancy on ex vivo uterine contractility, MMP9 and TGF-β, and uterine microscopic structure. A total of 24 pregnant rats were divided into two groups. From the first day of pregnancy, animals were exposed to partial SD/6 h/day. Uterine in vitro contractile responses to oxytocin, acetylcholine, and nifedipine were assessed. Additionally, uterine levels of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde and uterine mRNA expression of MMP9, TGF-β, and apoptotic biomarkers were analyzed. The results showed that SD significantly reduced uterine contractile responses to oxytocin and acetylcholine, while it augmented the relaxing effect of nifedipine. In addition, it significantly increased oxidative stress status, MMP9, TGF-β, and apoptotic biomarkers' mRNA expression. All were accompanied by degeneration of endometrial glands, vacuolization with apoptotic nuclei, and increased area% of collagen fibers. Finally, increased uterine MMP9 and TGF-β mRNA expression during SD clarified their potential role in modulating uterine contractility and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanees F El-Malkey
- Physiology department, faculty of medicine, Zagazig University, Al-Sharquia, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Aref
- Anatomy department, faculty of Veterinary medicine, Zagazig University, Al-Sharquia, Egypt
| | - Nehal I A Goda
- Department of Histology and Cytology, faculty of Veterinary medicine, Zagazig University, Al-Sharquia, Egypt
| | - Marwa H Hussien
- Biochemistry department, faculty of medicine, Zagazig University, Al-Sharquia, Egypt
| | - Walaa Samy
- Biochemistry department, faculty of medicine, Zagazig University, Al-Sharquia, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Hadhod
- Physiology department, faculty of medicine, Zagazig University, Al-Sharquia, Egypt
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2
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Del Corvo M, Lazzari B, Capra E, Zavarez L, Milanesi M, Utsunomiya YT, Utsunomiya ATH, Stella A, de Paula Nogueira G, Garcia JF, Ajmone-Marsan P. Methylome Patterns of Cattle Adaptation to Heat Stress. Front Genet 2021; 12:633132. [PMID: 34122501 PMCID: PMC8194315 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.633132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress has a detrimental impact on cattle health, welfare and productivity by affecting gene expression, metabolism and immune response, but little is known on the epigenetic mechanisms mediating the effect of temperature at the cellular and organism level. In this study, we investigated genome-wide DNA methylation in blood samples collected from 5 bulls of the heat stress resilient Nellore breed and 5 bulls of the Angus that are more heat stress susceptible, exposed to the sun and high temperature-high humidity during the summer season of the Brazilian South-East region. The methylomes were analyzed during and after the exposure by Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing, which provided genome-wide single-base resolution methylation profiles. Significant methylation changes between stressful and recovery periods were observed in 819 genes. Among these, 351 were only seen in Angus, 366 were specific to Nellore, and 102 showed significant changes in methylation patterns in both breeds. KEGG and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses showed that responses were breed-specific. Interestingly, in Nellore significant genes and pathways were mainly involved in stress responses and cellular defense and were under methylated during heat stress, whereas in Angus the response was less focused. These preliminary results suggest that heat challenge induces changes in methylation patterns in specific loci, which should be further scrutinized to assess their role in heat tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Del Corvo
- Department of Animal Science Food and Nutrition - DIANA, Nutrigenomics and Proteomics Research Centre - PRONUTRIGEN, and Biodiversity and Ancient DNA Research Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy.,Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche IBBA CNR, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Lazzari
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche IBBA CNR, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Capra
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche IBBA CNR, Milan, Italy
| | - Ludmilla Zavarez
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, Department of Production and Animal Health, São Paulo State University (unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil.,International Atomic Energy Agency, Collaborating Centre on Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Marco Milanesi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, Department of Production and Animal Health, São Paulo State University (unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil.,International Atomic Energy Agency, Collaborating Centre on Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Yuri Tani Utsunomiya
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, Department of Production and Animal Health, São Paulo State University (unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil.,International Atomic Energy Agency, Collaborating Centre on Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Adam Taiti Harth Utsunomiya
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, Department of Production and Animal Health, São Paulo State University (unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil.,International Atomic Energy Agency, Collaborating Centre on Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Stella
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche IBBA CNR, Milan, Italy
| | - Guilherme de Paula Nogueira
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, Department of Production and Animal Health, São Paulo State University (unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Josè Fernando Garcia
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, Department of Production and Animal Health, São Paulo State University (unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil.,International Atomic Energy Agency, Collaborating Centre on Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Paolo Ajmone-Marsan
- Department of Animal Science Food and Nutrition - DIANA, Nutrigenomics and Proteomics Research Centre - PRONUTRIGEN, and Biodiversity and Ancient DNA Research Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
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Du X, Tang Y, Han Y, Ri S, Kim T, Ju K, Shi W, Sun S, Zhou W, Liu G. Acetylcholine suppresses phagocytosis via binding to muscarinic- and nicotinic-acetylcholine receptors and subsequently interfering Ca 2+- and NFκB-signaling pathways in blood clam. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 102:152-160. [PMID: 32320762 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Though immunomodulation via cholinergic neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), an important part of neuroendocrine-immune (NEI) regulatory network, has been well established in vertebrate species, the mechanisms remain poorly understood in invertebrates. In the present study, the immunomodulatory effect of ACh on haemocyte phagocytosis was investigated in an invertebrate bivalve species, Tegillarca granosa. Data obtained showed that in vitro ACh incubation suppressed phagocytic activity of haemocytes along with a significant elevation in intracellular Ca2+. In addition, the expressions of genes from Ca2+ signaling pathway were significantly induced whereas those from NF-κB signaling pathway were significantly down-regulated by ACh incubation. Furthermore, these adverse impacts of ACh were significantly relieved by the blocking of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) or nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) using corresponding antagonists. Our study suggests that ACh suppresses phagocytosis via binding to both mAChRs and nAChRs, which disrupts intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and subsequently interferes with downstream Ca2+ and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Du
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yu Tang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Sanghyok Ri
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; College of Life Science, Kim Hyong Jik University of Education, Pyongyang, 99903, PR Korea
| | - Tongchol Kim
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; College of Life Science, Kim Hyong Jik University of Education, Pyongyang, 99903, PR Korea
| | - Kwangjin Ju
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; College of Aquaculture, Wonsan Fisheries University, Wonsan, 999093, PR Korea
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Shuge Sun
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Weishang Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
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Effects of sleep on the splenic milieu in mice and the T cell receptor repertoire recruited into a T cell dependent B cell response. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 5:100082. [PMID: 34589857 PMCID: PMC8474558 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is known to improve immune function ranging from cell distribution in the naïve state to elevated antibody titers after an immune challenge. The underlying mechanisms still remain unclear, partially because most studies have focused on the analysis of blood only. Hence, we investigated the effects of sleep within the spleen in female C57BL/6J mice with normal sleep compared to short-term sleep-deprived animals both in the naïve state and after an antigen challenge. Lack of sleep decreased the expression of genes associated with immune cell recruitment into and antigen presentation within the spleen both in the naïve state and during a T cell dependent B cell response directed against sheep red blood cells (SRBC). However, neither T cell proliferation nor formation of SRBC-specific antibodies was affected. In addition, the T cell receptor repertoire recruited into the immune response within seven days was not influenced by sleep deprivation. Thus, sleep modulated the molecular milieu within the spleen whereas we could not detect corresponding changes in the primary immune response against SRBC. Further studies will show whether sleep influences the secondary immune response against SRBC or the development of the B cell receptor repertoire, and how this can be compared to other antigens. Sleep deprivation (SD) decreases expression of genes involved in T cell function. SD induces those changes in the milieu of both lymph nodes and spleen. SD dampens the expression of several genes in the spleen during an immune response. SD does not alter the T cell receptor repertoire recruited into the immune response.
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Key Words
- Antigen presentation
- BCZ, B cell zone
- CCL, C–C motif ligand
- CCR, C–C motif receptor
- CD, cluster of differentiation
- CIITA, class II major histocompatibility complex transactivator
- CXCL, C-X-C motif ligand
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GC, germinal center
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- Lymphocyte migration
- MHC-II, major histocompatibility complex II
- SD, sleep deprivation
- SLO, secondary lymphoid organ
- SRBC, sheep red blood cells
- Sheep red blood cells
- Sleep deprivation
- T cell dependent B cell Response
- T cell receptor repertoire
- TCR, T cell receptor
- TCR-R, T cell receptor repertoire
- TCZ, T cell zone
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Calegare BFA, Azzolini A, Silva Vallim JR, Turco EGL, Tempaku PF, Silva VC, Tufik S, D'Almeida V. Sleep deprivation decreases the reproductive capacity by affecting the arrival of morulas in the uterus. Genesis 2020; 58:e23350. [DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Augusto Azzolini
- Department of UrologyUniversidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Sergio Tufik
- Department of PsychobiologyUniversidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Vânia D'Almeida
- Department of PsychobiologyUniversidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
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You J, Chang Y, Zhao D, Zhuang J, Zhuang W. A Mixture of Functional Complex Extracts from Lycium barbarum and Grape Seed Enhances Immunity Synergistically In Vitro and In Vivo. J Food Sci 2019; 84:1577-1585. [PMID: 31120637 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A mixture of multiple ingredients is often more effective than the individual ingredients. The functions of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) glycoconjugate and grape seed procyanidins (GSP) are widely known. Here, we investigated the synergistic immune-enhancing activity of LBP and GSP. Atomic force microscopy results suggested that the mixture of LBP and GSP exhibited circular structure unlike LBP alone, and the addition of polyphenols may change the spatial conformation of the sugar chain. The changes in the structure were related to the synergistic effect of the two functional agents on immune recovery. In vitro, the proliferation rate of splenocytes was higher in LBP + GSP group (64.16%), rather than the sum of LBP group (13.01%) and GSP group (43.61%) individually used. This synergistical proliferation of splenocytes may be correlated to the increasing intracellular free calcium levels. Furthermore, the mixture significantly enhanced the immunity in vivo, as evident from the recovery of peripheral white blood cell counts in LBP + GSP group (18.535 × 109 /L) to normal group levels (18.115 × 109 /L) and higher B cell proliferation than normal group (P < 0.05). These results highlight the immune-enhancing activity of the combination of LBP and GSP associated with the structural changes, which may facilitate the development of functional foods with fewer resources but enhanced activities. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The synergistic effects of LBP and GSP on immunomodulatory were better than the sum of the effects of the individual agents both in vitro and in vivo. Our results may provide a research-based support for the development of related functional products and an insight into the production of food resources with a fewer but more effective functional agents for better results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi You
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China Univ. of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Xuhui Qu, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yaning Chang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China Univ. of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Xuhui Qu, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Di Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China Univ. of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Xuhui Qu, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jiafeng Zhuang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China Univ. of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Xuhui Qu, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China Univ. of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Xuhui Qu, Shanghai, 200237, China
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7
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Sleep influences the immune response and the rejection process alters sleep pattern: Evidence from a skin allograft model in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 61:274-288. [PMID: 28069386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep generally regulates immune functions in a supportive manner and can affect parameters that are directly involved in the rejection process. STUDY OBJECTIVES The first objective was to assess whether sleep deprivation (SD) or sleep restriction (SR) affects the allograft rejection process in mice. The second objective was to investigate whether the rejection process itself modulates the sleep pattern of allografted mice. DESIGN Adult BALB/c and C57BL/6J male mice were used as the donors and recipients, respectively, except for the syngeneic group (ISOTX), which received skin from mice of the same strain (C57BL/6J). The recipients were randomly assigned to either one of two control groups - TX (allogenic) or ISOTX (syngeneic) - which underwent stereotaxic surgery to enable sleep recording prior to the allograft but were not sleep deprived; one of two paradoxical sleep deprived groups - SDTX and TXSD - which underwent 72h of continuous SD either before or after the allograft respectively, and one of two sleep restricted groups - SRTX and TXSR - which underwent 21h of SD and 3h of sleep for 15days either before or after the allograft respectively. INTERVENTIONS The skin allograft was inspected daily to determine the survival time, expected as 8.0±0.4days in this transplant model under no treatment. The sleep pattern was controlled throughout the rejection process in the SD and SR groups. Draining lymph nodes, spleen, blood and skin grafts were harvested on the 5th day after transplantation for evaluation of the immune parameters related to allograft rejection. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS In the control groups, we observed a reduction in paradoxical sleep throughout the entire allograft rejection process. Acute and chronic experimental sleep loss in the SD and SR groups produced marked alterations in the immune response. Both SD and SR prolonged allograft survival compared to the non-sleep-deprived group. There were reductions in the following parameters involved in the allograft rejection under sleep loss: CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subpopulations in the peripheral lymph organs and spleen, circulating sIL-2R levels, graft-infiltrating CD4+ T cells and skin allograft global gene expression. CONCLUSIONS We provide, as far as we are aware, the first evidence in vivo that the immune response can alter the normal sleep pattern, and that sleep loss can conversely affect the immune response related to graft rejection.
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Lungato L, Nogueira-Pedro A, Carvalho Dias C, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Tufik S, D'Almeida V. Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Mice Bone Marrow and Spleen B Lymphopoiesis. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:1313-20. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisandro Lungato
- Department of Psychobiology; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Amanda Nogueira-Pedro
- Department of Biophysics; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Carolina Carvalho Dias
- Department de Biochemistry; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Edgar Julian Paredes-Gamero
- Department de Biochemistry; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP; São Paulo SP Brazil
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquı́mica; Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Av. Dr Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza; Mogi das Cruzes SP Brazil
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Department of Psychobiology; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Vânia D'Almeida
- Department of Psychobiology; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP; São Paulo SP Brazil
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9
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Lungato L, Gazarini ML, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Tufik S, D'Almeida V. Paradoxical sleep deprivation impairs mouse survival after infection with malaria parasites. Malar J 2015; 14:183. [PMID: 25927919 PMCID: PMC4416287 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parasitic diseases like malaria are a major public health problem in many countries and disrupted sleep patterns are an increasingly common part of modern life. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) and sleep rebound (RB) on malarial parasite infection in mice. Methods After PSD, one group was immediately infected with parasites (PSD). The two other PSD rebound groups were allowed to sleep normally for either 24 h (24 h RB) or 48 h (48 h RB). After the recovery periods, mice were inoculated with parasites. Results The PSD group was the most affected by parasites presenting the higher death rate (0.02), higher number of infected cells (p < 0.01), and decrease in body weight (p < 0.04) compared to control and 48 h RB groups. The 24 h RB group was also different from control group in survival (p < 0.03), number of infected cells (p < 0.05) and body weight (p < 0.04). After 48 hours of sleep rebound animals were allowed to restore their response to parasitic infection similar to normal sleep animals. Conclusions These results suggest that PSD is damaging to the immune system and leads to an increased infection severity of malaria parasites; only 48 hours of recovery sleep was sufficient to return the mice infection response to baseline values. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0690-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisandro Lungato
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 925, 3rd floor, São Paulo, SP, 04024-002, Brazil.
| | - Marcos L Gazarini
- Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Sergio Tufik
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 925, 3rd floor, São Paulo, SP, 04024-002, Brazil.
| | - Vânia D'Almeida
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 925, 3rd floor, São Paulo, SP, 04024-002, Brazil.
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Hakim F, Wang Y, Carreras A, Hirotsu C, Zhang J, Peris E, Gozal D. Chronic sleep fragmentation during the sleep period induces hypothalamic endoplasmic reticulum stress and PTP1b-mediated leptin resistance in male mice. Sleep 2015; 38:31-40. [PMID: 25325461 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.4320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep fragmentation (SF) is highly prevalent and may constitute an important contributing factor to excessive weight gain and the metabolic syndrome. Increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) leading to the attenuation of leptin receptor signaling in the hypothalamus leads to obesity and metabolic dysfunction. METHODS Mice were exposed to SF and sleep control (SC) for varying periods of time during which ingestive behaviors were monitored. UPR pathways and leptin receptor signaling were assessed in hypothalami. To further examine the mechanistic role of ER stress, changes in leptin receptor (ObR) signaling were also examined in wild-type mice treated with the ER chaperone tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), as well as in CHOP-/+ transgenic mice. RESULTS Fragmented sleep in male mice induced increased food intake starting day 3 and thereafter, which was preceded by increases in ER stress and activation of all three UPR pathways in the hypothalamus. Although ObR expression was unchanged, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation was decreased, suggesting reduced ObR signaling. Unchanged suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) expression and increases in protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) expression and activity emerged with SF, along with reduced p-STAT3 responses to exogenous leptin. SF-induced effects were reversed following TUDCA treatment and were absent in CHOP -/+ mice. CONCLUSIONS SF induces hyperphagic behaviors and reduced leptin signaling in hypothalamus that are mediated by activation of ER stress, and ultimately lead to increased PTP1B activity. ER stress pathways are therefore potentially implicated in SF-induced weight gain and metabolic dysfunction, and may represent a viable therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahed Hakim
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Yang Wang
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Alba Carreras
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Camila Hirotsu
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jing Zhang
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Eduard Peris
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - David Gozal
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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11
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Axelsson J, Rehman JU, Akerstedt T, Ekman R, Miller GE, Höglund CO, Lekander M. Effects of sustained sleep restriction on mitogen-stimulated cytokines, chemokines and T helper 1/ T helper 2 balance in humans. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82291. [PMID: 24349251 PMCID: PMC3859577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies suggest that acute sleep deprivation disrupts cellular immune responses by shifting T helper (Th) cell activity towards a Th2 cytokine profile. Since little is known about more long-term effects, we investigated how five days of sleep restriction would affect pro-inflammatory, chemotactic, Th1- and Th2 cytokine secretion. Methods Nine healthy males participated in an experimental sleep protocol with two baseline sleep-wake cycles (sleep 23.00 – 07.00 h) followed by 5 days with restricted sleep (03.00 – 07.00 h). On the second baseline day and on the fifth day with restricted sleep, samples were drawn every third hour for determination of cytokines/chemokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) -1β, IL-2, IL-4 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)) after invitro stimulation of whole blood samples with the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Also leukocyte numbers, mononuclear cells and cortisol were analysed. Results 5-days of sleep restriction affected PHA-induced immune responses in several ways. There was a general decrease of IL-2 production (p<.05). A shift in Th1/Th2 cytokine balance was also evident, as determined by a decrease in IL2/IL4 ratio. No other main effects of restricted sleep were shown. Two significant interactions showed that restricted sleep resulted in increased TNF-α and MCP-1 in the late evening and early night hours (p’s<.05). In addition, all variables varied across the 24 h day. Conclusions 5-days of sleep restriction is characterized by a shift towards Th2 activity (i.e. lower 1L-2/IL-4 ratio) which is similar to the effects of acute sleep deprivation and psychological stress. This may have implications for people suffering from conditions characterized by excessive Th2 activity like in allergic disease, such as asthma, for whom restricted sleep could have negative consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Axelsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- *
| | - Javaid-ur Rehman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Rolf Ekman
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gregory E. Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Caroline Olgart Höglund
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Lekander
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Lungato L, Marques MS, Pereira VG, Hix S, Gazarini ML, Tufik S, D'Almeida V. Sleep deprivation alters gene expression and antioxidant enzyme activity in mice splenocytes. Scand J Immunol 2013; 77:195-9. [PMID: 23360182 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cellular defence against the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) involves a number of mechanisms in which antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) play an important role. The relation between sleep deprivation and oxidative stress has not yet been completely elucidated. Although some authors did not find evidence of this relationship, others found alterations in some oxidative stress markers in response to sleep deprivation. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify changes induced by sleep deprivation in the activity and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes in mice splenocytes, ideally corroborating a better understanding of the observed effects related to sleep deprivation, which could be triggered by oxidative imbalance. Splenocytes from mice sleep deprived for 72 h showed no significant difference in CAT and CuZnSOD gene expression compared with normal sleep mice. However, sleep-deprived mice did show higher MnSOD gene expression than the control group. Concerning enzymatic activity, CuZnSOD and MnSOD significantly increased after sleep deprivation, despite the expression in CuZnSOD remained unchanged. Moreover, CAT activity was significantly lower after sleep deprivation. The data suggest that the antioxidant system is triggered by sleep deprivation, which in turn could influence the splenocytes homoeostasis, thus interfering in physiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lungato
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brasil
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