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Tickle PG, Hendrickse PW, Weightman A, Nazir MH, Degens H, Egginton S. Impaired skeletal muscle fatigue resistance during cardiac hypertrophy is prevented by functional overload- or exercise-induced functional capillarity. J Physiol 2021; 599:3715-3733. [PMID: 34107075 DOI: 10.1113/jp281377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Capillary rarefaction is hypothesized to contribute to impaired exercise tolerance in cardiovascular disease, but it remains a poorly exploited therapeutic target for improving skeletal muscle performance. Using an abdominal aortic coarctation rat model of compensatory cardiac hypertrophy, we determine the efficacy of aerobic exercise for the prevention of, and mechanical overload for, restoration of hindlimb muscle fatigue resistance and microvascular impairment in the early stages of heart disease. Impaired muscle fatigue resistance was found after development of cardiac hypertrophy, but this impairment was prevented by low-intensity aerobic exercise and recovered after mechanical stretch due to muscle overload. Changes in muscle fatigue resistance were closely related to functional (i.e. perfused) microvascular density, independent of arterial blood flow, emphasizing the critical importance of optimal capillary diffusion for skeletal muscle function. Pro-angiogenic therapies are an important tool for improving skeletal muscle function in the incipient stages of heart disease. ABSTRACT Microvascular rarefaction may contribute to declining skeletal muscle performance in cardiac and vascular diseases. It remains uncertain to what extent microvascular rarefaction occurs in the earliest stages of these conditions, if impaired blood flow is an aggravating factor and whether angiogenesis restores muscle performance. To investigate this, the effects of aerobic exercise (voluntary wheel running) and functional muscle overload on the performance, femoral blood flow (FBF) and microvascular perfusion of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) were determined in a chronic rat model of compensatory cardiac hypertrophy (CCH, induced by surgically imposed abdominal aortic coarctation). CCH was associated with hypertension (P = 0.001 vs. Control) and increased relative heart mass (P < 0.001). Immediately upon placing the aortic band (i.e. before development of CCH), post-fatigue test FBF was reduced (P < 0.003), coinciding with attenuated fatigue resistance (P = 0.039) indicating an acute arterial perfusion constraint on muscle performance. While FBF was normalized during CCH in chronic groups (P > 0.05) fatigue resistance remained reduced (P = 0.039) and was associated with reduced (P = 0.009) functional capillarity after development of CCH without intervention, indicating a microvascular limitation to muscle performance. Normalization of functional capillarity after aerobic exercise (P = 0.065) and overload (P = 0.329) in CCH coincided with restoration to control levels of muscle fatigue resistance (P > 0.999), although overload-induced EDL hypertrophy (P = 0.027) and wheel-running velocity and duration (both P < 0.05) were attenuated after aortic banding. These data show that reductions in skeletal muscle performance during CCH can be countered by improving functional capillarity, providing a therapeutic target to improve skeletal muscle function in chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Tickle
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Paul W Hendrickse
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.,Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Andrew Weightman
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - M Hakam Nazir
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Hans Degens
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.,Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Stuart Egginton
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Kissane RWP, Tickle PG, Doody NE, Al-Shammari AA, Egginton S. Distinct structural and functional angiogenic responses are induced by different mechanical stimuli. Microcirculation 2021; 28:e12677. [PMID: 33417723 PMCID: PMC8614118 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective Adequacy of the microcirculation is essential for maintaining repetitive skeletal muscle function while avoiding fatigue. It is unclear, however, whether capillary remodelling after different angiogenic stimuli is comparable in terms of vessel distribution and consequent functional adaptations. We determined the physiological consequences of two distinct mechanotransductive stimuli: (1) overload‐mediated abluminal stretch (OV); (2) vasodilator‐induced shear stress (prazosin, PR). Methods In situ EDL fatigue resistance was determined after 7 or 14 days of intervention, in addition to measurements of femoral artery flow. Microvascular composition (muscle histology) and oxidative capacity (citrate synthase activity) were quantified, and muscle PO2 calculated using advanced mathematical modelling. Results Compared to controls, capillary‐to‐fiber ratio was higher after OV14 (134%, p < .001) and PR14 (121%, p < .05), although fatigue resistance only improved after overload (7 days: 135%, 14 days: 125%, p < .05). In addition, muscle overload improved local capillary supply indices and reduced CS activity, while prazosin treatment failed to alter either index of aerobic capacity. Conclusion Targeted capillary growth in response to abluminal stretch is a potent driver of improved muscle fatigue resistance, while shear stress‐driven angiogenesis has no beneficial effect on muscle function. In terms of capillarity, more is not necessarily better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger W P Kissane
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Peter G Tickle
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Natalie E Doody
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Abdullah A Al-Shammari
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, Kuwait University, Khaldiya, Kuwait.,Department of Genetics & Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Stuart Egginton
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Warren PM, Kissane RWP, Egginton S, Kwok JCF, Askew GN. Oxygen transport kinetics underpin rapid and robust diaphragm recovery following chronic spinal cord injury. J Physiol 2020; 599:1199-1224. [PMID: 33146892 PMCID: PMC7894160 DOI: 10.1113/jp280684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Key points Spinal treatment can restore diaphragm function in all animals 1 month following C2 hemisection induced paralysis. Greater recovery occurs the longer after injury the treatment is applied. Through advanced assessment of muscle mechanics, innovative histology and oxygen tension modelling, we have comprehensively characterized in vivo diaphragm function and phenotype. Muscle work loops reveal a significant deficit in diaphragm functional properties following chronic injury and paralysis, which are normalized following restored muscle activity caused by plasticity‐induced spinal reconnection. Injury causes global and local alterations in diaphragm muscle vascular supply, limiting oxygen diffusion and disturbing function. Restoration of muscle activity reverses these alterations, restoring oxygen supply to the tissue and enabling recovery of muscle functional properties. There remain metabolic deficits following restoration of diaphragm activity, probably explaining only partial functional recovery. We hypothesize that these deficits need to be resolved to restore complete respiratory motor function.
Abstract Months after spinal cord injury (SCI), respiratory deficits remain the primary cause of morbidity and mortality for patients. It is possible to induce partial respiratory motor functional recovery in chronic SCI following 2 weeks of spinal neuroplasticity. However, the peripheral mechanisms underpinning this recovery are largely unknown, limiting development of new clinical treatments with potential for complete functional restoration. Utilizing a rat hemisection model, diaphragm function and paralysis was assessed and recovered at chronic time points following trauma through chondroitinase ABC induced neuroplasticity. We simulated the diaphragm's in vivo cyclical length change and activity patterns using the work loop technique at the same time as assessing global and local measures of the muscles histology to quantify changes in muscle phenotype, microvascular composition, and oxidative capacity following injury and recovery. These data were fed into a physiologically informed model of tissue oxygen transport. We demonstrate that hemidiaphragm paralysis causes muscle fibre hypertrophy, maintaining global oxygen supply, although it alters isolated muscle kinetics, limiting respiratory function. Treatment induced recovery of respiratory activity normalized these effects, increasing oxygen supply, restoring optimal diaphragm functional properties. However, metabolic demands of the diaphragm were significantly reduced following both injury and recovery, potentially limiting restoration of normal muscle performance. The mechanism of rapid respiratory muscle recovery following spinal trauma occurs through oxygen transport, metabolic demand and functional dynamics of striated muscle. Overall, these data support a systems‐wide approach to the treatment of SCI, and identify new targets to mediate complete respiratory recovery. Spinal treatment can restore diaphragm function in all animals 1 month following C2 hemisection induced paralysis. Greater recovery occurs the longer after injury the treatment is applied. Through advanced assessment of muscle mechanics, innovative histology and oxygen tension modelling, we have comprehensively characterized in vivo diaphragm function and phenotype. Muscle work loops reveal a significant deficit in diaphragm functional properties following chronic injury and paralysis, which are normalized following restored muscle activity caused by plasticity‐induced spinal reconnection. Injury causes global and local alterations in diaphragm muscle vascular supply, limiting oxygen diffusion and disturbing function. Restoration of muscle activity reverses these alterations, restoring oxygen supply to the tissue and enabling recovery of muscle functional properties. There remain metabolic deficits following restoration of diaphragm activity, probably explaining only partial functional recovery. We hypothesize that these deficits need to be resolved to restore complete respiratory motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa M Warren
- The Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Roger W P Kissane
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stuart Egginton
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jessica C F Kwok
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Graham N Askew
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Larsson L, Degens H, Li M, Salviati L, Lee YI, Thompson W, Kirkland JL, Sandri M. Sarcopenia: Aging-Related Loss of Muscle Mass and Function. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:427-511. [PMID: 30427277 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00061.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 710] [Impact Index Per Article: 142.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a loss of muscle mass and function in the elderly that reduces mobility, diminishes quality of life, and can lead to fall-related injuries, which require costly hospitalization and extended rehabilitation. This review focuses on the aging-related structural changes and mechanisms at cellular and subcellular levels underlying changes in the individual motor unit: specifically, the perikaryon of the α-motoneuron, its neuromuscular junction(s), and the muscle fibers that it innervates. Loss of muscle mass with aging, which is largely due to the progressive loss of motoneurons, is associated with reduced muscle fiber number and size. Muscle function progressively declines because motoneuron loss is not adequately compensated by reinnervation of muscle fibers by the remaining motoneurons. At the intracellular level, key factors are qualitative changes in posttranslational modifications of muscle proteins and the loss of coordinated control between contractile, mitochondrial, and sarcoplasmic reticulum protein expression. Quantitative and qualitative changes in skeletal muscle during the process of aging also have been implicated in the pathogenesis of acquired and hereditary neuromuscular disorders. In experimental models, specific intervention strategies have shown encouraging results on limiting deterioration of motor unit structure and function under conditions of impaired innervation. Translated to the clinic, if these or similar interventions, by saving muscle and improving mobility, could help alleviate sarcopenia in the elderly, there would be both great humanitarian benefits and large cost savings for health care systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Larsson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Hans Degens
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Meishan Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Young Il Lee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Wesley Thompson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - James L Kirkland
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
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