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Mousavi H, Rimaz M, Zeynizadeh B. Practical Three-Component Regioselective Synthesis of Drug-Like 3-Aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[ h]cinnolines as Potential Non-Covalent Multi-Targeting Inhibitors To Combat Neurodegenerative Diseases. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1828-1881. [PMID: 38647433 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are one of the prominent health challenges facing contemporary society, and many efforts have been made to overcome and (or) control it. In this research paper, we described a practical one-pot two-step three-component reaction between 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one (1), aryl(or heteroaryl)glyoxal monohydrates (2a-h), and hydrazine monohydrate (NH2NH2•H2O) for the regioselective preparation of some 3-aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]cinnoline derivatives (3a-h). After synthesis and characterization of the mentioned cinnolines (3a-h), the in silico multi-targeting inhibitory properties of these heterocyclic scaffolds have been investigated upon various Homo sapiens-type enzymes, including hMAO-A, hMAO-B, hAChE, hBChE, hBACE-1, hBACE-2, hNQO-1, hNQO-2, hnNOS, hiNOS, hPARP-1, hPARP-2, hLRRK-2(G2019S), hGSK-3β, hp38α MAPK, hJNK-3, hOGA, hNMDA receptor, hnSMase-2, hIDO-1, hCOMT, hLIMK-1, hLIMK-2, hRIPK-1, hUCH-L1, hPARK-7, and hDHODH, which have confirmed their functions and roles in the neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), based on molecular docking studies, and the obtained results were compared with a wide range of approved drugs and well-known (with IC50, EC50, etc.) compounds. In addition, in silico ADMET prediction analysis was performed to examine the prospective drug properties of the synthesized heterocyclic compounds (3a-h). The obtained results from the molecular docking studies and ADMET-related data demonstrated that these series of 3-aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]cinnolines (3a-h), especially hit ones, can really be turned into the potent core of new drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), and/or due to the having some reactionable locations, they are able to have further organic reactions (such as cross-coupling reactions), and expansion of these compounds (for example, with using other types of aryl(or heteroaryl)glyoxal monohydrates) makes a new avenue for designing novel and efficient drugs for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mousavi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rimaz
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran 19395-3697, Iran
| | - Behzad Zeynizadeh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
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Schauner R, Cress J, Hong C, Wald D, Ramakrishnan P. Single cell and bulk RNA expression analyses identify enhanced hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and O-GlcNAcylation in acute myeloid leukemia blasts and stem cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1327405. [PMID: 38601153 PMCID: PMC11004450 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1327405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia in adults with an overall poor prognosis and high relapse rate. Multiple factors including genetic abnormalities, differentiation defects and altered cellular metabolism contribute to AML development and progression. Though the roles of oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis are defined in AML, the role of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), which regulates the O-GlcNAcylation of cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins, remains poorly defined. Methods We studied the expression of the key enzymes involved in the HBP in AML blasts and stem cells by RNA sequencing at the single-cell and bulk level. We performed flow cytometry to study OGT protein expression and global O-GlcNAcylation. We studied the functional effects of inhibiting O-GlcNAcylation on transcriptional activation in AML cells by Western blotting and real time PCR and on cell cycle by flow cytometry. Results We found higher expression levels of the key enzymes in the HBP in AML as compared to healthy donors in whole blood. We observed elevated O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) expression in AML stem and bulk cells as compared to normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). We also found that both AML bulk cells and stem cells show significantly enhanced OGT protein expression and global O-GlcNAcylation as compared to normal HSPCs, validating our in silico findings. Gene set analysis showed substantial enrichment of the NF-κB pathway in AML cells expressing high OGT levels. Inhibition of O-GlcNAcylation decreased NF-κB nuclear translocation and the expression of selected NF-κB-dependent genes controlling cell cycle. It also blocked cell cycle progression suggesting a link between enhanced O-GlcNAcylation and NF-κB activation in AML cell survival and proliferation. Discussion Our study suggests the HBP may prove a potential target, alone or in combination with other therapeutic approaches, to impact both AML blasts and stem cells. Moreover, as insufficient targeting of AML stem cells by traditional chemotherapy is thought to lead to relapse, blocking HBP and O-GlcNAcylation in AML stem cells may represent a novel promising target to control relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schauner
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Jordan Cress
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Changjin Hong
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - David Wald
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Parameswaran Ramakrishnan
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Pathology, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
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3
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Post-Translational Modifications of ATG4B in the Regulation of Autophagy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081330. [PMID: 35456009 PMCID: PMC9025542 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a key role in eliminating and recycling cellular components in response to stress, including starvation. Dysregulation of autophagy is observed in various diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and diabetes. Autophagy is tightly regulated by autophagy-related (ATG) proteins. Autophagy-related 4 (ATG4) is the sole cysteine protease, and four homologs (ATG4A–D) have been identified in mammals. These proteins have two domains: catalytic and short fingers. ATG4 facilitates autophagy by promoting autophagosome maturation through reversible lipidation and delipidation of seven autophagy-related 8 (ATG8) homologs, including microtubule-associated protein 1-light chain 3 (LC3) and GABA type A receptor-associated protein (GABARAP). Each ATG4 homolog shows a preference for a specific ATG8 homolog. Post-translational modifications of ATG4, including phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, O-GlcNAcylation, oxidation, S-nitrosylation, ubiquitination, and proteolytic cleavage, regulate its activity and ATG8 processing, thus modulating its autophagic activity. We reviewed recent advances in our understanding of the effect of post-translational modification on the regulation, activity, and function of ATG4, the main protease that controls autophagy.
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4
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He J, Fan Z, Tian Y, Yang W, Zhou Y, Zhu Q, Zhang W, Qin W, Yi W. Spatiotemporal Activation of Protein O-GlcNAcylation in Living Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4289-4293. [PMID: 35138101 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a prevalent protein modification that plays fundamental roles in both cell physiology and pathology. O-GlcNAc is catalyzed solely by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). The study of protein O-GlcNAc function is limited by the lack of tools to control OGT activity with spatiotemporal resolution in cells. Here, we report light control of OGT activity in cells by replacing a catalytically essential lysine residue with a genetically encoded photocaged lysine. This enables the expression of a transiently inactivated form of OGT, which can be rapidly reactivated by photo-decaging. We demonstrate the activation of OGT activity by monitoring the time-dependent increase of cellular O-GlcNAc and profile glycoproteins using mass-spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics. We further apply this activation strategy to control the morphological contraction of fibroblasts. Furthermore, we achieved spatial activation of OGT activity predominantly in the cytosol. Thus, our approach provides a valuable chemical tool to control cellular O-GlcNAc with much needed spatiotemporal precision, which aids in a better understanding of O-GlcNAc function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui He
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiya Fan
- National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yinping Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yichao Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wanjun Zhang
- National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Weijie Qin
- National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wen Yi
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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5
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Kositzke A, Fan D, Wang A, Li H, Worth M, Jiang J. Elucidating the protein substrate recognition of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) toward O-GlcNAcase (OGA) using a GlcNAc electrophilic probe. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 169:51-59. [PMID: 33333092 PMCID: PMC7856287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The essential human O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is the sole enzyme responsible for modifying thousands of intracellular proteins with the monosaccharide O-GlcNAc. This unique modification plays crucial roles in human health and disease, but the substrate recognition of OGT remains poorly understood. Intriguingly, the only human enzyme reported to remove this modification, O-GlcNAcase (OGA), is O-GlcNAc modified. Here, we exploited a GlcNAc electrophilic probe (GEP1A) to rapidly screen OGT mutants in a fluorescence assay that can discriminate between altered OGT-sugar and -protein substrate binding to help elucidate the binding mode of OGT toward OGA protein substrate. Since OGT tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain plays a key role in OGT-OGA binding, we screened 30 OGT TPR mutants, which revealed 15 "ladder like" asparagine or aspartate residues spanning TPRs 3-7 and 10-13.5 that affect OGA O-GlcNAcylation. By applying a truncated OGA construct, we found that OGA's N-terminal region or pseudo histone acetyltransferase domain is not required for its O-GlcNAcylation, suggesting OGT functionally interacts with OGA through its catalytic and/or stalk domains. This work represents the first effort to systemically investigate each OGT TPR and our findings will facilitate the development of new strategies to investigate the role of substrate-specific O-GlcNAcylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kositzke
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Dacheng Fan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ao Wang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Hao Li
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Matthew Worth
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jiaoyang Jiang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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Zhao L, Li M, Wei T, Feng C, Wu T, Shah JA, Liu H, Wang F, Cai Y, Jin J. O-GlcNAc-Modification of NSL3 at Thr755 Site Maintains the Holoenzyme Activity of MOF/NSL Histone Acetyltransfease Complex. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010173. [PMID: 31881804 PMCID: PMC6981688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both OGT1 (O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase isoform 1) and NSL3 (nonspecific lethal protein 3) are crucial components of the MOF (males absent on the first)/NSL histone acetyltransferase complex. We previously described how global histone H4 acetylation levels were modulated by OGT1/O-GlcNAcylation-mediated NSL3 stability. However, the specific modification site of NSL3 and its molecular mechanism of protein stability remain unknown. Here, we present evidence from biochemical experiments arguing that O-GlcNAcylation of NSL3 at Thr755 is tightly associated with holoenzyme activity of the MOF/NSL complex. Using in vitro O-GlcNAc-transferase assays combined with mass spectrometry, we suppose that the residue Thr755 on NSL3 C-terminus is the major site O-GlcNAc-modified by OGT1. Importantly, O-GlcNAcylation of this site is involved in the regulation of the ubiquitin-degradation of NSL3, because this site mutation (T755A) promotes the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of NSL3. Further in-depth research found that ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 S (UBE2S) accelerated the degradation of NSL3 via direct binding to it. Interestingly, OGT1 and UBE2S competitively bind to NSL3, suggesting the coordination of OGT1-UBE2S in regulating NSL3 stability. Furthermore, O-GlcNAcylation of NSL3 Thr755 site regulates the histone H4 acetylation levels at lysine 5, 8, and 16, suggesting that the O-GlcNAcylation of NSL3 at Thr755 is required for maintaining the integrity and holoenzyme activity of the MOF/NSL complex. In colony formation assays, we found that the integrity of the complex impacts the proliferation of the lung carcinoma type II epithelium-like A549 cells. Taken together, our results provide new insight into the elucidation of the molecular mechanism of the MOF/NSL complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin 130012, China; (L.Z.); (M.L.); (T.W.); (C.F.); (T.W.); (J.A.S.); (H.L.); (F.W.)
| | - Min Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin 130012, China; (L.Z.); (M.L.); (T.W.); (C.F.); (T.W.); (J.A.S.); (H.L.); (F.W.)
| | - Tao Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin 130012, China; (L.Z.); (M.L.); (T.W.); (C.F.); (T.W.); (J.A.S.); (H.L.); (F.W.)
| | - Chang Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin 130012, China; (L.Z.); (M.L.); (T.W.); (C.F.); (T.W.); (J.A.S.); (H.L.); (F.W.)
| | - Tingting Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin 130012, China; (L.Z.); (M.L.); (T.W.); (C.F.); (T.W.); (J.A.S.); (H.L.); (F.W.)
| | - Junaid Ali Shah
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin 130012, China; (L.Z.); (M.L.); (T.W.); (C.F.); (T.W.); (J.A.S.); (H.L.); (F.W.)
| | - Hongsen Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin 130012, China; (L.Z.); (M.L.); (T.W.); (C.F.); (T.W.); (J.A.S.); (H.L.); (F.W.)
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin 130012, China; (L.Z.); (M.L.); (T.W.); (C.F.); (T.W.); (J.A.S.); (H.L.); (F.W.)
| | - Yong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin 130012, China; (L.Z.); (M.L.); (T.W.); (C.F.); (T.W.); (J.A.S.); (H.L.); (F.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun City, Jilin 130117, China
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (J.J.); Tel.: +86-431-8515-5475 (Y.C. & J.J.)
| | - Jingji Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin 130012, China; (L.Z.); (M.L.); (T.W.); (C.F.); (T.W.); (J.A.S.); (H.L.); (F.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun City, Jilin 130117, China
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (J.J.); Tel.: +86-431-8515-5475 (Y.C. & J.J.)
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Worth M, Hu CW, Li H, Fan D, Estevez A, Zhu D, Wang A, Jiang J. Targeted covalent inhibition of O-GlcNAc transferase in cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13291-13294. [PMID: 31626249 PMCID: PMC6823131 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04560k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) glycosylates numerous proteins and is implicated in many diseases. To date, most OGT inhibitors lack either sufficient potency or characterized specificity in cells. We report the first targeted covalent inhibitor that predominantly reacts with OGT but does not affect other functionally similar enzymes. This study provides a new strategy to interrogate cellular OGT functions and to investigate other glycosyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Worth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Chia-Wei Hu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.
| | - Hao Li
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.
| | - Dacheng Fan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.
| | - Arielis Estevez
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.
| | - Dongsheng Zhu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.
| | - Ao Wang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.
| | - Jiaoyang Jiang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.
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Zhao L, Shah JA, Cai Y, Jin J. ' O-GlcNAc Code' Mediated Biological Functions of Downstream Proteins. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081967. [PMID: 30082668 PMCID: PMC6222556 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the post-translational modifications, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification (O-GlcNAcylation) often occurs on serine (Ser) and threonine (Thr) residues of specific substrate cellular proteins via the addition of O-GlcNAc group by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). Maintenance of normal intracellular levels of O-GlcNAcylation is controlled by OGT and glycoside hydrolase O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Unbalanced O-GlcNAcylation levels have been involved in many diseases, including diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disease. Recent research data reveal that O-GlcNAcylation at histones or non-histone proteins may provide recognition platforms for subsequent protein recruitment and further initiate intracellular biological processes. Here, we review the current understanding of the 'O-GlcNAc code' mediated intracellular biological functions of downstream proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Junaid Ali Shah
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Jingji Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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9
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Cho HJ, Mook-Jung I. O
‐GlcNAcylation regulates endoplasmic reticulum exit sites through
Sec31A
modification in conventional secretory pathway. FASEB J 2018; 32:4641-4657. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701523r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesCollege of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesCollege of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
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10
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Jo YK, Park NY, Park SJ, Kim BG, Shin JH, Jo DS, Bae DJ, Suh YA, Chang JH, Lee EK, Kim SY, Kim JC, Cho DH. O-GlcNAcylation of ATG4B positively regulates autophagy by increasing its hydroxylase activity. Oncotarget 2018; 7:57186-57196. [PMID: 27527864 PMCID: PMC5302982 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic degradation process and maintains cellular homeostasis. And autophagy is activated in response to various stress conditions. Although O-GlcNAcylation functions a sensor for nutrient and stress, the relationship between O-GlcNAcylation and autophagy is largely unknown. Here, we identified that ATG4B is novel target for O-GlcNAcylation under metabolic stress condition. Treatment with PugNAc, an O-GlcNAcase inhibitor increased activation of autophagy in SH-SY5Y cells. Both bimolecular fluorescence complementation and immunoprecipitation assay indicated that OGT directly interacts with ATG4B in SH-SY5Y cells. We also found that the O-GlcNAcylated ATG4B was increased in autophagy activation conditions, and down-regulation of OGT reduces O-GlcNAcylation of ATG4B under low glucose condition. Furthermore, the proteolytic activity of ATG4B for LC3 cleavage was enhanced in PugNAc-treated cells. Taken together, these results imply that O-GlcNAcylation of ATG4B regulates autophagy activation by increasing its proteolytic activity under metabolic stress condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Kyung Jo
- Department of Gerontology, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Na Yeon Park
- Department of Gerontology, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - So Jung Park
- Department of Gerontology, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Byung-Gyu Kim
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Shin
- Department of Gerontology, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Doo Sin Jo
- Department of Gerontology, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Dong-Jun Bae
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Ah Suh
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Chang
- Department of Biology Education, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Cheon Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyung Cho
- Department of Gerontology, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
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11
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Structures of human O-GlcNAcase and its complexes reveal a new substrate recognition mode. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2017; 24:362-369. [PMID: 28319083 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human O-GlcNAcase (hOGA) is the unique enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of the O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification, an essential protein glycosylation event that modulates the function of numerous cellular proteins in response to nutrients and stress. Here we report crystal structures of a truncated hOGA, which comprises the catalytic and stalk domains, in apo form, in complex with an inhibitor, and in complex with a glycopeptide substrate. We found that hOGA forms an unusual arm-in-arm homodimer in which the catalytic domain of one monomer is covered by the stalk domain of the sister monomer to create a substrate-binding cleft. Notably, the residues on the cleft surface afford extensive interactions with the peptide substrate in a recognition mode that is distinct from that of its bacterial homologs. These structures represent the first model of eukaryotic enzymes in the glycoside hydrolase 84 (GH84) family and provide a crucial starting point for understanding the substrate specificity of hOGA, which regulates a broad range of biological and pathological processes.
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Abstract
More than half of all proteins are glycosylated. The attached glycans provide proteins with important structural and functional properties and glycan parts of glycoproteins have essential roles in many key biological processes. This chapter describes the effect of glycosylation on the structure and function of proteins, with emphasis on regulation of protein half-life and modulation of protein function by alternative glycosylation. In addition, this chapter highlights the importance of glycan-lectin interactions, the ability of glycans to block phosphorylation of proteins, and the importance of glycans in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Krištić
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Hondlova 2/11, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Hondlova 2/11, Zagreb, Croatia. .,Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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13
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The pol II CTD: new twists in the tail. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2016; 23:771-7. [DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Resto M, Kim BH, Fernandez AG, Abraham BJ, Zhao K, Lewis BA. O-GlcNAcase Is an RNA Polymerase II Elongation Factor Coupled to Pausing Factors SPT5 and TIF1β. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:22703-22713. [PMID: 27601472 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.751420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe here the identification and functional characterization of the enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA) as an RNA polymerase II elongation factor. Using in vitro transcription elongation assays, we show that OGA activity is required for elongation in a crude nuclear extract system, whereas in a purified system devoid of OGA the addition of rOGA inhibited elongation. Furthermore, OGA is physically associated with the known RNA polymerase II (pol II) pausing/elongation factors SPT5 and TRIM28-KAP1-TIF1β, and a purified OGA-SPT5-TIF1β complex has elongation properties. Lastly, ChIP-seq experiments show that OGA maps to the transcriptional start site/5' ends of genes, showing considerable overlap with RNA pol II, SPT5, TRIM28-KAP1-TIF1β, and O-GlcNAc itself. These data all point to OGA as a component of the RNA pol II elongation machinery regulating elongation genome-wide. Our results add a novel and unexpected dimension to the regulation of elongation by the insertion of O-GlcNAc cycling into the pol II elongation regulatory dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Resto
- From the Transcriptional Regulation and Biochemistry Unit, Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 30893
| | - Bong-Hyun Kim
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Alfonso G Fernandez
- From the Transcriptional Regulation and Biochemistry Unit, Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 30893
| | - Brian J Abraham
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, and.,Laboratory of Epigenome Biology, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Keji Zhao
- Laboratory of Epigenome Biology, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Brian A Lewis
- From the Transcriptional Regulation and Biochemistry Unit, Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 30893,
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Lewis BA, Burlingame AL, Myers SA. Human RNA Polymerase II Promoter Recruitment in Vitro Is Regulated by O-Linked N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase (OGT). J Biol Chem 2016; 291:14056-14061. [PMID: 27129214 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.684365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain was described 20 years ago, the function of this RNA polymerase II (pol II) species is not known. We show here that an O-GlcNAcylated pol II species (pol IIγ) exists on promoters in vitro Inhibition of O-GlcNAc-transferase activity and O-GlcNAcylation prevents pol II entry into the promoter, and O-GlcNAc removal from pol II is an ATP-dependent step during initiation. These data indicate that O-GlcNAc-transferase activity is essential for RNA pol II promoter recruitment and that pol II goes through a cycling of O-GlcNAcylation at the promoter. Mass spectrometry shows that serine residues 2 and 5 of the pol II C-terminal domain are O-GlcNAcylated, suggesting an overlap with the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH)-dependent serine 5 phosphorylation events during initiation and P-TEFb (positive transcriptional elongation factor b) events during elongation. These data provide unexpected and important insights into the role of a previously ill-defined species of RNA polymerase II in regulating transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Lewis
- Transcriptional Regulation and Biochemistry Unit, Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Samuel A Myers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
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16
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Lu L, Fan D, Hu CW, Worth M, Ma ZX, Jiang J. Distributive O-GlcNAcylation on the Highly Repetitive C-Terminal Domain of RNA Polymerase II. Biochemistry 2016; 55:1149-58. [PMID: 26807597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a nutrient-responsive glycosylation that plays a pivotal role in transcriptional regulation. Human RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is extensively modified by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) on its unique C-terminal domain (CTD), which consists of 52 heptad repeats. One approach to understanding the function of glycosylated Pol II is to determine the mechanism of dynamic O-GlcNAcylation on the CTD. Here, we discovered that the Pol II CTD can be extensively O-GlcNAcylated in vitro and in cells. Efficient glycosylation requires a minimum of 20 heptad repeats of the CTD and more than half of the N-terminal domain of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). Under conditions of saturated sugar donor, we monitored the attachment of more than 20 residues of O-GlcNAc to the full-length CTD. Surprisingly, glycosylation on the periodic CTD follows a distributive mechanism, resulting in highly heterogeneous glycoforms. Our data suggest that initial O-GlcNAcylation can take place either on the proximal or on the distal region of the CTD, and subsequent glycosylation occurs similarly over the entire CTD with nonuniform distributions. Moreover, removal of O-GlcNAc from glycosylated CTD is also distributive and is independent of O-GlcNAcylation level. Our results suggest that O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes can employ a similar mechanism to react with other protein substrates on multiple sites. Distributive O-GlcNAcylation on Pol II provides another regulatory mechanism of transcription in response to fluctuating cellular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Dacheng Fan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Chia-Wei Hu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Matthew Worth
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Zhi-Xiong Ma
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jiaoyang Jiang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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Sugimoto K. Establishment of a sticky, large, oval-shaped thrombocyte cell line from tree frog as an ancestor of mammalian megakaryocytes. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:447. [PMID: 26322253 PMCID: PMC4547970 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1237-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of blood vessels is important for homeostasis. Many types of cells and cytokines are involved in angiogenesis and blood vessel repair. In mammals, platelets, which are produced from megakaryocytes, play a major role in hemostasis. Other vertebrates have no platelets in their bloodstream. In these animals, thrombocytes aggregate to form a thrombus. Therefore, I established a frog hematopoietic cell line to elucidate the mechanism of hematopoiesis in this species. The frog-derived thrombocytic cell line was established from a long-term bone marrow culture of Hyla japonica and was designated as a frog-derived unique hematopoietic non-adherent (FUHEN) cell line. The FUHEN cells had unique characteristics in that they proliferated in suspension culture without adherence to the culture flask, and the shapes of the FUHEN cells changed drastically to become very large ovals with growth. These cells reached more than 40 µm in length and had multi-lobed nuclei. The FUHEN cells expressed CD41, a specific surface marker of thrombocytes. These results indicated that the FUHEN cells were thrombocytes. Deprivation of divalent ions quickly induced adherence of the cells to the petri dish. This characteristic may be important for hemostasis. Furthermore, some of the FUHEN cells survived at 16 °C for 1 month and re-established proliferation when the cells were moved to 28 °C. Taken together, this new thrombocytic frog cell line, as an ancestor of mammalian megakaryocytes, could provide useful material to study the functions of thrombocytes and the hemostasis mechanism of amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenkichi Sugimoto
- Department of Cell Science, Faculty of Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181 Japan
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Srivastava R, Ahn SH. Modifications of RNA polymerase II CTD: Connections to the histone code and cellular function. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:856-72. [PMID: 26241863 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
At the onset of transcription, many protein machineries interpret the cellular signals that regulate gene expression. These complex signals are mostly transmitted to the indispensable primary proteins involved in transcription, RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) and histones. RNAPII and histones are so well coordinated in this cellular function that each cellular signal is precisely allocated to specific machinery depending on the stage of transcription. The carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of RNAPII in eukaryotes undergoes extensive posttranslational modification, called the 'CTD code', that is indispensable for coupling transcription with many cellular processes, including mRNA processing. The posttranslational modification of histones, known as the 'histone code', is also critical for gene transcription through the reversible and dynamic remodeling of chromatin structure. Notably, the histone code is closely linked with the CTD code, and their combinatorial effects enable the delicate regulation of gene transcription. This review elucidates recent findings regarding the CTD modifications of RNAPII and their coordination with the histone code, providing integrative pathways for the fine-tuned regulation of gene expression and cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Srivastava
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hoon Ahn
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
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20
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A critical perspective of the diverse roles of O-GlcNAc transferase in chromatin. Chromosoma 2015; 124:429-42. [PMID: 25894967 PMCID: PMC4666902 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-015-0513-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
O-linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a posttranslational modification that is catalyzed by O-GlcNAc transferase (Ogt) and found on a plethora of nuclear and cytosolic proteins in animals and plants. Studies in different model organisms revealed that while O-GlcNAc is required for selected processes in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila, it has evolved to become required for cell viability in mice, and this has challenged investigations to identify cellular functions that critically require this modification in mammals. Nevertheless, a principal cellular process that engages O-GlcNAcylation in all of these species is the regulation of gene transcription. Here, we revisit several of the primary experimental observations that led to current models of how O-GlcNAcylation affects gene expression. In particular, we discuss the role of the stable association of Ogt with the transcription factors Hcf1 and Tet, the two main Ogt-interacting proteins in nuclei of mammalian cells. We also critically evaluate the evidence that specific residues on core histones, including serine 112 of histone 2B (H2B-S112), are O-GlcNAcylated in vivo and discuss possible physiological effects of these modifications. Finally, we review our understanding of the role of O-GlcNAcylation in Drosophila, where recent studies suggest that the developmental defects in Ogt mutants are all caused by lack of O-GlcNAcylation of a single transcriptional regulator, the Polycomb repressor protein Polyhomeotic (Ph). Collectively, this reexamination of the experimental evidence suggests that a number of recently propagated models about the role of O-GlcNAcylation in transcriptional control should be treated cautiously.
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Abstract
For many animals, survival of severe environmental stress (e.g. to extremes of heat or cold, drought, oxygen limitation, food deprivation) is aided by entry into a hypometabolic state. Strong depression of metabolic rate, often to only 1–20% of normal resting rate, is a core survival strategy of multiple forms of hypometabolism across the animal kingdom, including hibernation, anaerobiosis, aestivation and freeze tolerance. Global biochemical controls are needed to suppress and reprioritize energy use; one such well-studied control is reversible protein phosphorylation. Recently, we turned our attention to the idea that mechanisms previously associated mainly with epigenetic regulation can also contribute to reversible suppression of gene expression in hypometabolic states. Indeed, situations as diverse as mammalian hibernation and turtle anoxia tolerance show coordinated changes in histone post-translational modifications (acetylation, phosphorylation) and activities of histone deacetylases, consistent with their use as mechanisms for suppressing gene expression during hypometabolism. Other potential mechanisms of gene silencing in hypometabolic states include altered expression of miRNAs that can provide post-transcriptional suppression of mRNA translation and the formation of ribonuclear protein bodies in the nucleus and cytoplasm to allow storage of mRNA transcripts until animals rouse themselves again. Furthermore, mechanisms first identified in epigenetic regulation (e.g. protein acetylation) are now proving to apply to many central metabolic enzymes (e.g. lactate dehydrogenase), suggesting a new layer of regulatory control that can contribute to coordinating the depression of metabolic rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth B. Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry and Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
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Vaidyanathan K, Wells L. Multiple tissue-specific roles for the O-GlcNAc post-translational modification in the induction of and complications arising from type II diabetes. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:34466-71. [PMID: 25336652 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r114.591560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this minireview, we will highlight work in the last 30 years that has clearly demonstrated that the O-GlcNAc modification is nutrient-responsive and plays multiple roles in metabolic regulation of signaling and gene expression. Further, we will examine recent studies that have investigated the impact of O-GlcNAc in a variety of glucose- and insulin-responsive tissues and the roles attributed to O-GlcNAc in the induction of insulin resistance and glucose toxicity, the hallmarks of type II diabetes mellitus. We will also summarize potential causal roles for the O-GlcNAc modification in complications associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithika Vaidyanathan
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-1516
| | - Lance Wells
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-1516
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Targeted placental deletion of OGT recapitulates the prenatal stress phenotype including hypothalamic mitochondrial dysfunction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:9639-44. [PMID: 24979775 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1401203111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal stress is a key risk factor in neurodevelopmental disorders, which often have a sex bias in severity and prevalence. We previously identified O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) as a placental biomarker in our mouse model of early prenatal stress (EPS), where OGT levels were lower in male compared with female tissue and were further decreased following maternal stress. However, the function of placental OGT in programming the developing brain has not been determined. Therefore, we generated a transgenic mouse with targeted placental disruption of Ogt (Pl-OGT) and examined offspring for recapitulation of the adult EPS phenotype. Pl-OGT hemizygous and EPS male placentas showed similar robust changes in gene expression patterns suggestive of an altered ability to respond to endocrine and inflammatory signals, supporting placental OGT as an important mediator of EPS effects. ChIP-Seq for the O-GlcNAc mark identified the 17 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-3 (Hsd17b3) locus in male EPS placentas, which correlated with a reduction in Hsd17b3 expression and concordant reduced testosterone conversion. Remarkably, Pl-OGT adult offspring had reduced body weights and elevated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress axis responsivity, recapitulating phenotypes previously reported for EPS males. Further, hypothalamic microarray gene-set enrichment analyses identified reduced mitochondrial function in both Pl-OGT and EPS males. Cytochrome c oxidase activity assays verified this finding, linking reduced placental OGT with critical brain programming. Together, these studies confirm OGT as in important placental biomarker of maternal stress and demonstrate the profound impact a single placental gene has on long-term metabolic and neurodevelopmental programming that may be related to an increased risk for neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Tan EP, Villar MT, E L, Lu J, Selfridge JE, Artigues A, Swerdlow RH, Slawson C. Altering O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine cycling disrupts mitochondrial function. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:14719-30. [PMID: 24713701 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.525790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial impairment is commonly found in many diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and Alzheimer disease. We demonstrate that the enzymes responsible for the addition or removal of the O-GlcNAc modification, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), respectively, are critical regulators of mitochondrial function. Using a SILAC (stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture)-based proteomics screen, we quantified the changes in mitochondrial protein expression in OGT- and OGA-overexpressing cells. Strikingly, overexpression of OGT or OGA showed significant decreases in mitochondria-localized proteins involved in the respiratory chain and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Furthermore, mitochondrial morphology was altered in these cells. Both cellular respiration and glycolysis were reduced in OGT/OGA-overexpressing cells. These data demonstrate that alterations in O-GlcNAc cycling profoundly affect energy and metabolite production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Phie Tan
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Maria T Villar
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Lezi E
- Department of Neurology, and
| | | | | | | | - Russell H Swerdlow
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Neurology, and University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 64108
| | - Chad Slawson
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 64108 University of Kansas Cancer Center,
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Hart GW. Three Decades of Research on O-GlcNAcylation - A Major Nutrient Sensor That Regulates Signaling, Transcription and Cellular Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:183. [PMID: 25386167 PMCID: PMC4209869 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though the dynamic modification of polypeptides by the monosaccharide, O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) was discovered over 30 years ago, its physiological significance as a major nutrient sensor that regulates myriad cellular processes has only recently been more widely appreciated. O-GlcNAcylation, either on its own or by its interplay with other post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and others, modulates the activities of signaling proteins, regulates most components of the transcription machinery, affects cell cycle progression and regulates the targeting/turnover or functions of myriad other regulatory proteins, in response to nutrients. Acute increases in O-GlcNAcylation protect cells from stress-induced injury, while chronic deregulation of O-GlcNAc cycling contributes to the etiology of major human diseases of aging, such as diabetes, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Recent advances in tools to study O-GlcNAcylation at the individual site level and specific inhibitors of O-GlcNAc cycling have allowed more rapid progress toward elucidating the specific functions of O-GlcNAcylation in essential cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald W. Hart
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- *Correspondence: Gerald W. Hart, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, WBSB515, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205-2185, USA e-mail:
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