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Hassane AMA, Eldiehy KSH, Saha D, Mohamed H, Mosa MA, Abouelela ME, Abo-Dahab NF, El-Shanawany ARA. Oleaginous fungi: a promising source of biofuels and nutraceuticals with enhanced lipid production strategies. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:338. [PMID: 38955856 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Oleaginous fungi have attracted a great deal of interest for their potency to accumulate high amounts of lipids (more than 20% of biomass dry weight) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which have a variety of industrial and biological applications. Lipids of plant and animal origin are related to some restrictions and thus lead to attention towards oleaginous microorganisms as reliable substitute resources. Lipids are traditionally biosynthesized intra-cellularly and involved in the building structure of a variety of cellular compartments. In oleaginous fungi, under certain conditions of elevated carbon ratio and decreased nitrogen in the growth medium, a change in metabolic pathway occurred by switching the whole central carbon metabolism to fatty acid anabolism, which subsequently resulted in high lipid accumulation. The present review illustrates the bio-lipid structure, fatty acid classes and biosynthesis within oleaginous fungi with certain key enzymes, and the advantages of oleaginous fungi over other lipid bio-sources. Qualitative and quantitative techniques for detecting the lipid accumulation capability of oleaginous microbes including visual, and analytical (convenient and non-convenient) were debated. Factors affecting lipid production, and different approaches followed to enhance the lipid content in oleaginous yeasts and fungi, including optimization, utilization of cost-effective wastes, co-culturing, as well as metabolic and genetic engineering, were discussed. A better understanding of the oleaginous fungi regarding screening, detection, and maximization of lipid content using different strategies could help to discover new potent oleaginous isolates, exploit and recycle low-cost wastes, and improve the efficiency of bio-lipids cumulation with biotechnological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah M A Hassane
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 71524, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Khalifa S H Eldiehy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 71524, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Debanjan Saha
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, P.O. Box 784028, Assam, India
| | - Hassan Mohamed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 71524, Assiut, Egypt
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, P.O. Box 255000, Zibo, China
| | - Mohamed A Mosa
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Nano-Materials Laboratory (NANML), Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Abouelela
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nageh F Abo-Dahab
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 71524, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Rehim A El-Shanawany
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 71524, Assiut, Egypt
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Baumann V, Achleitner S, Tulli S, Schuschnig M, Klune L, Martens S. Faa1 membrane binding drives positive feedback in autophagosome biogenesis via fatty acid activation. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202309057. [PMID: 38573225 PMCID: PMC10993510 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202309057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy serves as a stress response pathway by mediating the degradation of cellular material within lysosomes. In autophagy, this material is encapsulated in double-membrane vesicles termed autophagosomes, which form from precursors referred to as phagophores. Phagophores grow by lipid influx from the endoplasmic reticulum into Atg9-positive compartments and local lipid synthesis provides lipids for their expansion. How phagophore nucleation and expansion are coordinated with lipid synthesis is unclear. Here, we show that Faa1, an enzyme activating fatty acids, is recruited to Atg9 vesicles by directly binding to negatively charged membranes with a preference for phosphoinositides such as PI3P and PI4P. We define the membrane-binding surface of Faa1 and show that its direct interaction with the membrane is required for its recruitment to phagophores. Furthermore, the physiological localization of Faa1 is key for its efficient catalysis and promotes phagophore expansion. Our results suggest a positive feedback loop coupling phagophore nucleation and expansion to lipid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Baumann
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Max Perutz Labs, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Achleitner
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Max Perutz Labs, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, A Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanna Tulli
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Max Perutz Labs, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Schuschnig
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Max Perutz Labs, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lara Klune
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Max Perutz Labs, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sascha Martens
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Max Perutz Labs, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Jordan EN, Shirali Hossein Zade R, Pillay S, van Lent P, Abeel T, Kayser O. Integrated omics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CENPK2-1C reveals pleiotropic drug resistance and lipidomic adaptations to cannabidiol. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2024; 10:63. [PMID: 38821949 PMCID: PMC11143246 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-024-00382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Yeast metabolism can be engineered to produce xenobiotic compounds, such as cannabinoids, the principal isoprenoids of the plant Cannabis sativa, through heterologous metabolic pathways. However, yeast cell factories continue to have low cannabinoid production. This study employed an integrated omics approach to investigate the physiological effects of cannabidiol on S. cerevisiae CENPK2-1C yeast cultures. We treated the experimental group with 0.5 mM CBD and monitored CENPK2-1C cultures. We observed a latent-stationary phase post-diauxic shift in the experimental group and harvested samples in the inflection point of this growth phase for transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis. We compared the transcriptomes of the CBD-treated yeast and the positive control, identifying eight significantly overexpressed genes with a log fold change of at least 1.5 and a significant adjusted p-value. Three notable genes were PDR5 (an ABC-steroid and cation transporter), CIS1, and YGR035C. These genes are all regulated by pleiotropic drug resistance linked promoters. Knockout and rescue of PDR5 showed that it is a causal factor in the post-diauxic shift phenotype. Metabolomic analysis revealed 48 significant spectra associated with CBD-fed cell pellets, 20 of which were identifiable as non-CBD compounds, including fatty acids, glycerophospholipids, and phosphate-salvage indicators. Our results suggest that mitochondrial regulation and lipidomic remodeling play a role in yeast's response to CBD, which are employed in tandem with pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR). We conclude that bioengineers should account for off-target product C-flux, energy use from ABC-transport, and post-stationary phase cell growth when developing cannabinoid-biosynthetic yeast strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Noel Jordan
- Technical Biochemistry, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Straße 66, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Ramin Shirali Hossein Zade
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology Van Mourik, Broekmanweg 6, 2628 XE, Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Center for Computational Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Pillay
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology Van Mourik, Broekmanweg 6, 2628 XE, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Paul van Lent
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology Van Mourik, Broekmanweg 6, 2628 XE, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Abeel
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology Van Mourik, Broekmanweg 6, 2628 XE, Delft, The Netherlands
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Oliver Kayser
- Technical Biochemistry, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Straße 66, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
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Xu Y, Fu S, Huang Y, Zhou D, Wu Y, Peng J, Kuang M. Genome-wide expression analysis of LACS gene family implies GhLACS25 functional responding to salt stress in cotton. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:392. [PMID: 38735932 PMCID: PMC11089787 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase (LACS) is a type of acylating enzyme with AMP-binding, playing an important role in the growth, development, and stress response processes of plants. RESULTS The research team identified different numbers of LACS in four cotton species (Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium barbadense, Gossypium raimondii, and Gossypium arboreum). By analyzing the structure and evolutionary characteristics of the LACS, the GhLACS were divided into six subgroups, and a chromosome distribution map of the family members was drawn, providing a basis for further research classification and positioning. Promoter cis-acting element analysis showed that most GhLACS contain plant hormones (GA, MeJA) or non-biological stress-related cis-elements. The expression patterns of GhLACS under salt stress treatment were analyzed, and the results showed that GhLACS may significantly participate in salt stress response through different mechanisms. The research team selected 12 GhLACSs responsive to salt stress for tissue expression analysis and found that these genes are expressed in different tissues. CONCLUSIONS There is a certain diversity of LACS among different cotton species. Analysis of promoter cis-acting elements suggests that GhLACS may be involved in regulating plant growth, development and stress response processes. GhLACS25 was selected for in-depth study, which confirmed its significant role in salt stress response through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and induced expression in yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Xu
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
- Henan University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Shouyang Fu
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
- Sanya National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, 572024, China
| | - Yiwen Huang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
- Sanya National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, 572024, China
| | - Dayun Zhou
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Yuzhen Wu
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China.
- Sanya National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, 572024, China.
| | - Meng Kuang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China.
- Sanya National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, 572024, China.
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Zhao X, Ma R, Abulikemu A, Qi Y, Liu X, Wang J, Xu K, Guo C, Li Y. Proteomics revealed composition- and size-related regulators for hepatic impairments induced by silica nanoparticles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:170584. [PMID: 38309355 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Along with the growing production and application of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs), increased human exposure and ensuing safety evaluation have progressively attracted concern. Accumulative data evidenced the hepatic injuries upon SiNPs inhalation. Still, the understanding of the hepatic outcomes resulting from SiNPs exposure, and underlying mechanisms are incompletely elucidated. Here, SiNPs of two sizes (60 nm and 300 nm) were applied to investigate their composition- and size-related impacts on livers of ApoE-/- mice via intratracheal instillation. Histopathological and biochemical analysis indicated SiNPs promoted inflammation, lipid deposition and fibrosis in the hepatic tissue, accompanied by increased ALT, AST, TC and TG. Oxidative stress was activated upon SiNPs stimuli, as evidenced by the increased hepatic ROS, MDA and declined GSH/GSSG. Of note, these alterations were more dramatic in SiNPs with a smaller size (SiNPs-60) but the same dosage. LC-MS/MS-based quantitative proteomics unveiled changes in mice liver protein profiles, and filtered out particle composition- or size-related molecules. Interestingly, altered lipid metabolism and oxidative damage served as two critical biological processes. In accordance with correlation analysis and liver disease-targeting prediction, a final of 10 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were selected as key potential targets attributable to composition- (4 molecules) and size-related (6 molecules) liver impairments upon SiNPs stimuli. Overall, our study provided strong laboratory evidence for a comprehensive understanding of the harmful biological effects of SiNPs, which was crucial for toxicological evaluation to ensure nanosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ru Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Alimire Abulikemu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yi Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Kun Xu
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Caixia Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Yanbo Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Wang Z, Su C, Zhang Y, Shangguan S, Wang R, Su J. Key enzymes involved in the utilization of fatty acids by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a review. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1294182. [PMID: 38274755 PMCID: PMC10808364 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1294182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a eukaryotic organism with a clear genetic background and mature gene operating system; in addition, it exhibits environmental tolerance. Therefore, S. cerevisiae is one of the most commonly used organisms for the synthesis of biological chemicals. The investigation of fatty acid catabolism in S. cerevisiae is crucial for the synthesis and accumulation of fatty acids and their derivatives, with β-oxidation being the predominant pathway responsible for fatty acid metabolism in this organism, occurring primarily within peroxisomes. The latest research has revealed distinct variations in β-oxidation among different fatty acids, primarily attributed to substrate preferences and disparities in the metabolic regulation of key enzymes involved in the S. cerevisiae fatty acid metabolic pathway. The synthesis of lipids, on the other hand, represents another crucial metabolic pathway for fatty acids. The present paper provides a comprehensive review of recent research on the key factors influencing the efficiency of fatty acid utilization, encompassing β-oxidation and lipid synthesis pathways. Additionally, we discuss various approaches for modifying β-oxidation to enhance the synthesis of fatty acids and their derivatives in S. cerevisiae, aiming to offer theoretical support and serve as a valuable reference for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunli Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yisang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Sifan Shangguan
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ruiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
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7
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Wu J, Huang H, Wang L, Gao M, Meng S, Zou S, Feng Y, Feng Z, Zhu Z, Cao X, Li B, Kang G. A tailored series of engineered yeasts for the cell-dependent treatment of inflammatory bowel disease by rational butyrate supplementation. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2316575. [PMID: 38381494 PMCID: PMC10883098 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2316575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic disruption are considered essential characteristics in inflammatory bowel disorders (IBD). Reasonable butyrate supplementation can help patients regulate intestinal flora structure and promote mucosal repair. Here, to restore microbiota homeostasis and butyrate levels in the patient's intestines, we modified the genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce butyrate. We precisely regulated the relevant metabolic pathways to enable the yeast to produce sufficient butyrate in the intestine with uneven oxygen distribution. A series of engineered strains with different butyrate synthesis abilities was constructed to meet the needs of different patients, and the strongest can reach 1.8 g/L title of butyrate. Next, this series of strains was used to co-cultivate with gut microbiota collected from patients with mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis. After receiving treatment with engineered strains, the gut microbiota and the butyrate content have been regulated to varying degrees depending on the synthetic ability of the strain. The abundance of probiotics such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus increased, while the abundance of harmful bacteria like Candidatus Bacilloplasma decreased. Meanwhile, the series of butyrate-producing yeast significantly improved trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in mice by restoring butyrate content. Among the series of engineered yeasts, the strain with the second-highest butyrate synthesis ability showed the most significant regulatory and the best therapeutic effect on the gut microbiota from IBD patients and the colitis mouse model. This study confirmed the existence of a therapeutic window for IBD treatment by supplementing butyrate, and it is necessary to restore butyrate levels according to the actual situation of patients to restore intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Wu
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - He Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengxue Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuxian Meng
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaolan Zou
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanhang Feng
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zeling Feng
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhixin Zhu
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaocang Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bingzhi Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Research Institute for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangbo Kang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Research Institute for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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8
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Xiao J, Yang K, Liang Z, Zhang Y, Wei L. BCB1, a member of the acyl-coenzyme A synthetase family, regulates the morphogenesis and pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:206. [PMID: 37160639 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03540-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is a non-host-specific phytopathogenic fungus capable of infecting numerous cash crops. Here, we analyzed the functions of the Bcb1 gene in B. cinerea, which encodes a membrane protein belonging to the acyl-coenzyme A synthase family. Compared to the wild type, Bcb1-deletion mutants exhibited obvious morphological abnormalities, including slower vegetative growth and reduced melanin production. The absence of Bcb1 causes B. cinerea to form only small and incompletely developed infection cushions and fail to produce spores. The Bcb1 mutants displayed hypersensitivity to the membrane stressor SDS, the cell wall stressor Congo red, and the oxidative stressor H2O2 and increased resistance to intracellular osmotic stress caused by KCl compared to the wild-type strain. However, there were no differences in tolerance to extracellular osmotic stress caused by NaCl. The deletion of Bcb1 also caused a reduction in pathogenicity. The qRT‒PCR results showed that the genes Bcpks12 and Bcpks13, which are related to melanin biosynthesis, and Bcpg2, BcBOT2, and cutA, which are related to virulence, were downregulated in ∆Bcb1. These data suggest that BCB1 is important for conidial morphogenesis, and pathogenesis in B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiling Xiao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pesticide Biology and Precise Use Technology, Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pesticide Biology and Precise Use Technology, Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihuai Liang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pesticide Biology and Precise Use Technology, Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Indica Rice Genetics and Breeding in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Valley, Hunan Rice Research Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
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Fatty Acyl Coenzyme A Synthetase Fat1p Regulates Vacuolar Structure and Stationary-Phase Lipophagy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0462522. [PMID: 36598223 PMCID: PMC9927365 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04625-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During yeast stationary phase, a single spherical vacuole (lysosome) is created by the fusion of several small ones. Moreover, the vacuolar membrane is reconstructed into two distinct microdomains. Little is known, however, about how cells maintain vacuolar shape or regulate their microdomains. Here, we show that Fat1p, a fatty acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) synthetase and fatty acid transporter, and not the synthetases Faa1p and Faa4p, is essential for vacuolar shape preservation, the development of vacuolar microdomains, and cell survival in stationary phase of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Furthermore, Fat1p negatively regulates general autophagy in both log- and stationary-phase cells. In contrast, Fat1p promotes lipophagy, as the absence of FAT1 limits the entry of lipid droplets into the vacuole and reduces the degradation of liquid droplet (LD) surface proteins. Notably, supplementing with unsaturated fatty acids or overexpressing the desaturase Ole1p can reverse all aberrant phenotypes caused by FAT1 deficiency. We propose that Fat1p regulates stationary phase vacuolar morphology, microdomain differentiation, general autophagy, and lipophagy by controlling the degree of fatty acid saturation in membrane lipids. IMPORTANCE The ability to sense environmental changes and adjust the levels of cellular metabolism is critical for cell viability. Autophagy is a recycling process that makes the most of already-existing energy resources, and the vacuole/lysosome is the ultimate autophagic processing site in cells. Lipophagy is an autophagic process to select degrading lipid droplets. In yeast cells in stationary phase, vacuoles fuse and remodel their membranes to create a single spherical vacuole with two distinct membrane microdomains, which are required for yeast lipophagy. In this study, we discovered that Fat1p was capable of rapidly responding to changes in nutritional status and preserving cell survival by regulating membrane lipid saturation to maintain proper vacuolar morphology and the level of lipophagy in the yeast S. cerevisiae. Our findings shed light on how cells maintain vacuolar structure and promote the differentiation of vacuole surface microdomains for stationary-phase lipophagy.
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10
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Que Z, Jin Y, Huang J, Zhou R, Wu C. Flavor compounds of traditional fermented bean condiments: Classes, synthesis, and factors involved in flavor formation. Trends Food Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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11
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Salvador López JM, Vandeputte M, Van Bogaert INA. Oleaginous yeasts: Time to rethink the definition? Yeast 2022; 39:553-606. [PMID: 36366783 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleaginous yeasts are typically defined as those able to accumulate more than 20% of their cell dry weight as lipids or triacylglycerides. Research on these yeasts has increased lately fuelled by an interest to use biotechnology to produce lipids and oleochemicals that can substitute those coming from fossil fuels or offer sustainable alternatives to traditional extractions (e.g., palm oil). Some oleaginous yeasts are attracting attention both in research and industry, with Yarrowia lipolytica one of the best-known and studied ones. Oleaginous yeasts can be found across several clades and different metabolic adaptations have been found, affecting not only fatty acid and neutral lipid synthesis, but also lipid particle stability and degradation. Recently, many novel oleaginous yeasts are being discovered, including oleaginous strains of the traditionally considered non-oleaginous Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In the face of this boom, a closer analysis of the definition of "oleaginous yeast" reveals that this term has instrumental value for biotechnology, while it does not give information about distinct types of yeasts. Having this perspective in mind, we propose to expand the term "oleaginous yeast" to those able to produce either intracellular or extracellular lipids, not limited to triacylglycerides, in at least one growth condition (including ex novo lipid synthesis). Finally, a critical look at Y. lipolytica as a model for oleaginous yeasts shows that the term "oleaginous" should be reserved only for strains and not species and that in the case of Y. lipolytica, it is necessary to distinguish clearly between the lipophilic and oleaginous phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Salvador López
- BioPort Group, Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Meriam Vandeputte
- BioPort Group, Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Inge N A Van Bogaert
- BioPort Group, Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Rapid Gene Target Tracking for Enhancing β-Carotene Production Using Flow Cytometry-Based High-Throughput Screening in Yarrowia lipolytica. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0114922. [PMID: 36094200 PMCID: PMC9552598 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01149-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Carotene is a provitamin A precursor and an important antioxidant that is used widely in the aquaculture, food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Oleaginous Yarrowia lipolytica has been demonstrated as a competitive producer microorganism for the production of hydrophobic β-carotene through rational engineering strategies. However, the limited understanding of the complexity of the metabolic network between carotenoid biosynthesis and other cellular processes has hampered further advancement. Genome-scale mutagenesis and high-throughput screening of mutagenesis libraries have been extensively employed in gene mining or in the identification of key targets associated with particular phenotypes. In this study, we developed a fluorescence-activated cell-sorting approach for the effective high-throughput screening of high-β-carotene-producing strains. Using this approach, millions of mutants were screened rapidly, and new gene targets involved in lipid metabolism, sterol metabolism, signal transduction, and stress response were identified. The disruption of the genes affecting fatty acid oxidation, lipid composition, and sterol transcriptional regulation (4CL-8, GCS, and YIsterTF) increased β-carotene significantly. By engineering these targets in a high-β-carotene production, a strain that produced 9.4 g/L β-carotene was constructed. Here, we used a flow cytometry approach to improve screening efficiency and eliminate the interference of intermediate metabolites. The targets obtained in this study can be used in studies focusing on metabolic engineering in the future for improving carotenoid production. IMPORTANCE β-Carotene is a high-value-added product that is widely used in the aquaculture, food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. In our previous study, Yarrowia lipolytica has been engineered extensively to produce β-carotene. To further improve its production, high-throughput screening and the identification of new beneficial gene targets are required. Herein, we developed a fluorescence-activated cell-sorting approach for the effective high-throughput screening of high-β-carotene-producing strains. Using this approach, millions of mutants were screened rapidly, and new gene targets involved in lipid metabolism, sterol metabolism, signal transduction, and stress response were identified. The disruption of the genes affecting fatty acid oxidation, lipid composition, and sterol transcriptional regulation (4CL-8, GCS, and YIsterTF) increased β-carotene significantly. By engineering these targets in a high-β-carotene production, a strain that produced 9.4 g/L β-carotene was constructed.
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Brands M, Dörmann P. Two AMP-Binding Domain Proteins from Rhizophagus irregularis Involved in Import of Exogenous Fatty Acids. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:464-476. [PMID: 35285673 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-22-0026-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonize roots, where they provide nutrients in exchange for sugars and lipids. Because AMF lack genes for cytosolic fatty acid de novo synthase (FAS), they depend on host-derived fatty acids. AMF colonization is accompanied by expression of specific lipid genes and synthesis of sn-2 monoacylglycerols (MAGs). It is unknown how host-derived fatty acids are taken up by AMF. We describe the characterization of two AMP-binding domain protein genes from Rhizophagus irregularis, RiFAT1 and RiFAT2, with sequence similarity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae fatty acid transporter 1 (FAT1). Uptake of 13C-myristic acid (14:0) and, to a lesser extent, 13C-palmitic acid (16:0) was enhanced after expression of RiFAT1 or RiFAT2 in S. cerevisiae Δfat1 cells. The uptake of 2H-labeled fatty acids from 2H-myristoylglycerol or 2H-palmitoylglycerol was also increased after RiFAT1 and RiFAT2 expression in Δfat, but intact 2H-MAGs were not detected. RiFAT1 and RiFAT2 expression was induced in colonized roots compared with extraradical mycelium. 13C-label in the AMF-specific palmitvaccenic acid (16:1Δ11) and eicosatrienoic acid (20:3) were detected in colonized roots only when 13C2-acetate was supplemented but not 13C-fatty acids, demonstrating that de novo synthesized, host-derived fatty acids are rapidly taken up by R. irregularis from the roots. The results show that RiFAT1 and RiFAT2 are involved in the uptake of myristic acid (14:0) and palmitic acid (16:0), while fatty acids from MAGs are only taken up after hydrolysis. Therefore, the two proteins might be involved in fatty acid import into the fungal arbuscules in colonized roots.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Brands
- University of Bonn, Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- University of Cologne, Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, Zülpicher Straße 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Dörmann
- University of Bonn, Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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14
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Ma F, Zou Y, Ma L, Ma R, Chen X. Evolution, characterization, and immune response function of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) under hypoxic stress. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 260:110737. [PMID: 35385771 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (Acsls), members of the acyl-activating enzyme superfamily, haves been systematically characterized in mammals and certain fishes, but the research on their involvement in reproductive development and hypoxic stress response in rainbow trout remains limited. In this study, we investigated the acsl gene structure and physical and chemical characteristics and the evolutionary relationship among acsl genes using the NCBI/Ensembl database. Using hypoxia treatment experiment, acsl gene expression in various organs and its regulation were investigated. A total of 11 acsl genes were identified in rainbow trout. Phylogenetic analyses found that acsl genes in rainbow trout were clustered into two clades: acsl3/4 and acsl1/2/5/6, and the additional gene duplication observed resulted from the third round of genome duplication unique to teleosts. Multiple sequence alignment and conserved motif analyses showed that the sequence of acsl proteins was highly conserved. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) showed that the acsl genes were highly expressed in immune tissues (liver and head kidney). Under hypoxia, the expression of acsl genes was upregulated, suggesting that they enhance the tolerance to hypoxia and are involved in the immune response in rainbow trout. Our study provides valuable insights into teleost evolution and effects of hypoxia on biological immunity and form a basis for further research on the functional characteristics of acsl genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Utilization of Agricultural Solid Waste in Gansu Province, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, Gansu Province, PR China.
| | - Yali Zou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Utilization of Agricultural Solid Waste in Gansu Province, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Langfang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Utilization of Agricultural Solid Waste in Gansu Province, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Ruilin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Utilization of Agricultural Solid Waste in Gansu Province, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Utilization of Agricultural Solid Waste in Gansu Province, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, Gansu Province, PR China
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Liu C, Wang J, Li D, Ni R, Zhao M, Huang C, Liu S. Solute Carrier Family 27 Member 6 (SLC27A6) Possibly Promotes the Proliferation of Papillary Thyroid Cancer by Regulating c-MYC. Biochem Genet 2022; 60:2313-2326. [PMID: 35348939 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10218-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the expression and mechanism of LSC27A6 in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). We analyzed the differential expression of SLC27A6 in PTC tissues and normal tissues based on the TCGA database and validated it using immunohistochemistry. Wilcoxon rank sum, chi-square test, or Fisher exact exam were used to analyze the relationship between the expression of SLC27A6 and clinicopathological information. Samples were divided into two groups according to whether BRAF was mutated or not, and Wilcoxon rank sum was used to determine whether the expression of SLC27A6 was related to BRAF mutation. The effects of SLC27A6 on the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of PTC cells were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK8), colony formation assay, transwell assay, and flow cytometry. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between SLC27A6 and c-MYC. Protein expression was detected by Western blot. The expression of SLC27A6 was higher in PTC and positively correlated with N stage. SLC27A6 expression was higher in samples with BRAF mutations. Down-regulation of SLC27A6 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and induced apoptosis. Spearman correlation analysis showed that SLC27A6 was positively correlated with c-MYC. Knockdown of SLC27A6 inhibited c-MYC expression. Our results suggest that SLC27A6 is overexpressed in PTC tissues and affects the progression of PTC by regulating c-MYC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjian Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ruoxuan Ni
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - ChangZhi Huang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shaoyan Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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16
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Cillingová A, Tóth R, Mojáková A, Zeman I, Vrzoňová R, Siváková B, Baráth P, Neboháčová M, Klepcová Z, Brázdovič F, Lichancová H, Hodorová V, Brejová B, Vinař T, Mutalová S, Vozáriková V, Mutti G, Tomáška Ľ, Gácser A, Gabaldón T, Nosek J. Transcriptome and proteome profiling reveals complex adaptations of Candida parapsilosis cells assimilating hydroxyaromatic carbon sources. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1009815. [PMID: 35255079 PMCID: PMC8929692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many fungal species utilize hydroxyderivatives of benzene and benzoic acid as carbon sources. The yeast Candida parapsilosis metabolizes these compounds via the 3-oxoadipate and gentisate pathways, whose components are encoded by two metabolic gene clusters. In this study, we determine the chromosome level assembly of the C. parapsilosis strain CLIB214 and use it for transcriptomic and proteomic investigation of cells cultivated on hydroxyaromatic substrates. We demonstrate that the genes coding for enzymes and plasma membrane transporters involved in the 3-oxoadipate and gentisate pathways are highly upregulated and their expression is controlled in a substrate-specific manner. However, regulatory proteins involved in this process are not known. Using the knockout mutants, we show that putative transcriptional factors encoded by the genes OTF1 and GTF1 located within these gene clusters function as transcriptional activators of the 3-oxoadipate and gentisate pathway, respectively. We also show that the activation of both pathways is accompanied by upregulation of genes for the enzymes involved in β-oxidation of fatty acids, glyoxylate cycle, amino acid metabolism, and peroxisome biogenesis. Transcriptome and proteome profiles of the cells grown on 4-hydroxybenzoate and 3-hydroxybenzoate, which are metabolized via the 3-oxoadipate and gentisate pathway, respectively, reflect their different connection to central metabolism. Yet we find that the expression profiles differ also in the cells assimilating 4-hydroxybenzoate and hydroquinone, which are both metabolized in the same pathway. This finding is consistent with the phenotype of the Otf1p-lacking mutant, which exhibits impaired growth on hydroxybenzoates, but still utilizes hydroxybenzenes, thus indicating that additional, yet unidentified transcription factor could be involved in the 3-oxoadipate pathway regulation. Moreover, we propose that bicarbonate ions resulting from decarboxylation of hydroxybenzoates also contribute to differences in the cell responses to hydroxybenzoates and hydroxybenzenes. Finally, our phylogenetic analysis highlights evolutionary paths leading to metabolic adaptations of yeast cells assimilating hydroxyaromatic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cillingová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Renáta Tóth
- HCEMM-USZ Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Mycobiome Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anna Mojáková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Igor Zeman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Romana Vrzoňová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbara Siváková
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Baráth
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martina Neboháčová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Klepcová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Filip Brázdovič
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Hana Lichancová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Viktória Hodorová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Broňa Brejová
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Vinař
- Department of Applied Informatics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sofia Mutalová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Vozáriková
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Giacomo Mutti
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ľubomír Tomáška
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Atilla Gácser
- HCEMM-USZ Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Mycobiome Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Toni Gabaldón
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS), Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jozef Nosek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
- * E-mail:
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17
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Li XH, Peng YJ, Ding JL, Feng MG, Ying SH. A homologue of yeast acyl-CoA synthetase Faa1 contributes to cytomembrane functionality involved in development and virulence in the insect pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Microb Pathog 2022; 164:105419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Zhang Q, Zeng W, Xu S, Zhou J. Metabolism and strategies for enhanced supply of acetyl-CoA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125978. [PMID: 34598073 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA is a kind of important cofactor that is involved in many metabolic pathways. It serves as the precursor for many interesting commercial products, such as terpenes, flavonoids and anthraquinones. However, the insufficient supply of acetyl-CoA limits biosynthesis of its derived compounds in the intracellular. In this review, we outlined metabolic pathways involved in the catabolism and anabolism of acetyl-CoA, as well as some important derived products. We examined several strategies for the enhanced supply of acetyl-CoA, and provided insight into pathways that generate acetyl-CoA to balance metabolism, which can be harnessed to improve the titer, yield and productivities of interesting products in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other eukaryotic microorganisms. We believe that peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation could be an attractive strategy for enhancing the supply of acetyl-CoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Weizhu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Sha Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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19
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Romanauska A, Köhler A. Reprogrammed lipid metabolism protects inner nuclear membrane against unsaturated fat. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2562-2578.e3. [PMID: 34407429 PMCID: PMC8480995 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The cell nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane. The lipid packing and viscosity of membranes is critical for their function and is tightly controlled by lipid saturation. Circuits regulating the lipid saturation of the outer nuclear membrane (ONM) and contiguous endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are known. However, how lipid saturation is controlled in the inner nuclear membrane (INM) has remained enigmatic. Using INM biosensors and targeted genetic manipulations, we show that increased lipid unsaturation causes a reprogramming of lipid storage metabolism across the nuclear envelope (NE). Cells induce lipid droplet (LD) formation specifically from the distant ONM/ER, whereas LD formation at the INM is suppressed. In doing so, unsaturated fatty acids are shifted away from the INM. We identify the transcription circuits that topologically reprogram LD synthesis and identify seipin and phosphatidic acid as critical effectors. Our study suggests a detoxification mechanism protecting the INM from excess lipid unsaturation. Biosensors detect lipid saturation dynamics of INM Increased lipid unsaturation induces LDs at ONM, but not at INM Opposing transcription circuits reprogram LD synthesis across the NE LDs detoxify unsaturated lipids to maintain INM integrity
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Affiliation(s)
- Anete Romanauska
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alwin Köhler
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/3, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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20
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Dekker WJC, Ortiz-Merino RA, Kaljouw A, Battjes J, Wiering FW, Mooiman C, Torre PDL, Pronk JT. Engineering the thermotolerant industrial yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus for anaerobic growth. Metab Eng 2021; 67:347-364. [PMID: 34303845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Current large-scale, anaerobic industrial processes for ethanol production from renewable carbohydrates predominantly rely on the mesophilic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Use of thermotolerant, facultatively fermentative yeasts such as Kluyveromyces marxianus could confer significant economic benefits. However, in contrast to S. cerevisiae, these yeasts cannot grow in the absence of oxygen. Responses of K. marxianus and S. cerevisiae to different oxygen-limitation regimes were analyzed in chemostats. Genome and transcriptome analysis, physiological responses to sterol supplementation and sterol-uptake measurements identified absence of a functional sterol-uptake mechanism as a key factor underlying the oxygen requirement of K. marxianus. Heterologous expression of a squalene-tetrahymanol cyclase enabled oxygen-independent synthesis of the sterol surrogate tetrahymanol in K. marxianus. After a brief adaptation under oxygen-limited conditions, tetrahymanol-expressing K. marxianus strains grew anaerobically on glucose at temperatures of up to 45 °C. These results open up new directions in the development of thermotolerant yeast strains for anaerobic industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wijbrand J C Dekker
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Raúl A Ortiz-Merino
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Astrid Kaljouw
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Julius Battjes
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Frank W Wiering
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Christiaan Mooiman
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Pilar de la Torre
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Jack T Pronk
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ Delft, the Netherlands.
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21
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Adhikari S, Moscatelli J, Puchner EM. Quantitative live-cell PALM reveals nanoscopic Faa4 redistributions and dynamics on lipid droplets during metabolic transitions of yeast. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:1565-1578. [PMID: 34161133 PMCID: PMC8351750 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-11-0695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic organelles for lipid storage and homeostasis. Cells respond to metabolic changes by regulating the spatial distribution of LDs and enzymes required for LD growth and turnover. The small size of LDs precludes the observation of their associated enzyme densities and dynamics with conventional fluorescence microscopy. Here we employ quantitative photo-activated localization microscopy to study the density of the fatty acid (FA) activating enzyme Faa4 on LDs in live yeast cells with single-molecule sensitivity and 30 nm resolution. During the log phase LDs colocalize with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where their emergence and expansion are mediated by the highest observed Faa4 densities. During transition to the stationary phase, LDs with a ∼2-fold increased surface area translocate to the vacuolar surface and lumen and exhibit a ∼2.5-fold increase in Faa4 density. The increased Faa4 density on LDs further suggests its role in LD expansion, is caused by its ∼5-fold increased expression level, and is specific to exogenous FA chain-lengths. When lipolysis is induced by refreshed medium, Faa4 shuttles through ER- and lipophagy to the vacuole, where it may activate FAs for membrane expansion and degrade Faa4 to reset its cellular abundance to levels in the log phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Adhikari
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Physics and Nanotechnology (PAN), Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Joe Moscatelli
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Physics and Nanotechnology (PAN), Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Elias M Puchner
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Physics and Nanotechnology (PAN), Minneapolis, MN 55455
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22
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Chattopadhyay A, Maiti MK. Lipid production by oleaginous yeasts. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 116:1-98. [PMID: 34353502 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbial lipid production has been studied extensively for years; however, lipid metabolic engineering in many of the extraordinarily high lipid-accumulating yeasts was impeded by inadequate understanding of the metabolic pathways including regulatory mechanisms defining their oleaginicity and the limited genetic tools available. The aim of this review is to highlight the prominent oleaginous yeast genera, emphasizing their oleaginous characteristics, in conjunction with diverse other features such as cheap carbon source utilization, withstanding the effect of inhibitory compounds, commercially favorable fatty acid composition-all supporting their future development as economically viable lipid feedstock. The unique aspects of metabolism attributing to their oleaginicity are accentuated in the pretext of outlining the various strategies successfully implemented to improve the production of lipid and lipid-derived metabolites. A large number of in silico data generated on the lipid accumulation in certain oleaginous yeasts have been carefully curated, as suggestive evidences in line with the exceptional oleaginicity of these organisms. The different genetic elements developed in these yeasts to execute such strategies have been scrupulously inspected, underlining the major types of newly-found and synthetically constructed promoters, transcription terminators, and selection markers. Additionally, there is a plethora of advanced genetic toolboxes and techniques described, which have been successfully used in oleaginous yeasts in the recent years, promoting homologous recombination, genome editing, DNA assembly, and transformation at remarkable efficiencies. They can accelerate and effectively guide the rational designing of system-wide metabolic engineering approaches pinpointing the key targets for developing industrially suitable yeast strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atrayee Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Mrinal K Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
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23
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Tenagy, Iwama R, Kobayashi S, Shiwa Y, Yoshikawa H, Horiuchi H, Fukuda R, Kajiwara S. Acyl-CoA synthetases, Aal4 and Aal7, are involved in the utilization of exogenous fatty acids in Yarrowia lipolytica. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2021; 67:9-14. [PMID: 33100277 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The yeast Yarrowia lipolytica assimilates hydrophobic compounds, such as n-alkanes and fatty acids, as sole carbon and energy sources. It has been shown that the acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) genes, FAT1 and FAA1, are involved in the activation of fatty acids produced during the metabolism of n-alkanes, but the ACS genes that are involved in the metabolism of fatty acids from the culture medium remains to be identified. In this paper, we have identified the ACS genes involved in the utilization of exogenous fatty acids. RNA-seq analysis and qRT-PCR revealed that the transcript levels of the peroxisomal ACS-like protein-encoding genes AAL4 and AAL7 were increased in the presence of oleic acid. The single deletion mutant of AAL4 or AAL7 and double deletion mutant of AAL4 and AAL7 did not show any defects in the growth on the medium containing glucose, glycerol, n-alkanes, or fatty acids. In contrast, the mutant with deletion of seven genes, FAA1, FAT1-FAT4, AAL4, and AAL7, showed severe growth defects on the medium containing dodecanoic acid or oleic acid. These results suggest that Aal4p and Aal7p play important roles in the metabolism of exogenous fatty acids in collaboration with Faa1p and Fat1p-Fat4p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenagy
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Ryo Iwama
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo
| | | | - Yuh Shiwa
- Genome Research Center, NODAI Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture
| | - Hirofumi Yoshikawa
- Genome Research Center, NODAI Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture.,Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture
| | - Hiroyuki Horiuchi
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo
| | - Ryouichi Fukuda
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo
| | - Susumu Kajiwara
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology
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24
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Billey E, Magneschi L, Leterme S, Bedhomme M, Andres-Robin A, Poulet L, Michaud M, Finazzi G, Dumas R, Crouzy S, Laueffer F, Fourage L, Rébeillé F, Amato A, Collin S, Jouhet J, Maréchal E. Characterization of the Bubblegum acyl-CoA synthetase of Microchloropsis gaditana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:815-835. [PMID: 33793914 PMCID: PMC8133546 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic pathways of glycerolipids are well described in cells containing chloroplasts limited by a two-membrane envelope but not in cells containing plastids limited by four membranes, including heterokonts. Fatty acids (FAs) produced in the plastid, palmitic and palmitoleic acids (16:0 and 16:1), are used in the cytosol for the synthesis of glycerolipids via various routes, requiring multiple acyl-Coenzyme A (CoA) synthetases (ACS). Here, we characterized an ACS of the Bubblegum subfamily in the photosynthetic eukaryote Microchloropsis gaditana, an oleaginous heterokont used for the production of lipids for multiple applications. Genome engineering with TALE-N allowed the generation of MgACSBG point mutations, but no knockout was obtained. Point mutations triggered an overall decrease of 16:1 in lipids, a specific increase of unsaturated 18-carbon acyls in phosphatidylcholine and decrease of 20-carbon acyls in the betaine lipid diacylglyceryl-trimethyl-homoserine. The profile of acyl-CoAs highlighted a decrease in 16:1-CoA and 18:3-CoA. Structural modeling supported that mutations affect accessibility of FA to the MgACSBG reaction site. Expression in yeast defective in acyl-CoA biosynthesis further confirmed that point mutations affect ACSBG activity. Altogether, this study supports a critical role of heterokont MgACSBG in the production of 16:1-CoA and 18:3-CoA. In M. gaditana mutants, the excess saturated and monounsaturated FAs were diverted to triacylglycerol, thus suggesting strategies to improve the oil content in this microalga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Billey
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Total Raffinage-Chimie, Tour Coupole, 2 Place Jean Millier, 92078 Paris La Défense, France
| | - Leonardo Magneschi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Sébastien Leterme
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Mariette Bedhomme
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Total Raffinage-Chimie, Tour Coupole, 2 Place Jean Millier, 92078 Paris La Défense, France
| | - Amélie Andres-Robin
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Laurent Poulet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Morgane Michaud
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Renaud Dumas
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Serge Crouzy
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Unité mixte de Recherche 5249 CNRS–CEA–Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Frédéric Laueffer
- Total Raffinage-Chimie, Tour Coupole, 2 Place Jean Millier, 92078 Paris La Défense, France
| | - Laurent Fourage
- Total Raffinage-Chimie, Tour Coupole, 2 Place Jean Millier, 92078 Paris La Défense, France
| | - Fabrice Rébeillé
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Alberto Amato
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Séverine Collin
- Total Raffinage-Chimie, Tour Coupole, 2 Place Jean Millier, 92078 Paris La Défense, France
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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25
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Erdbrügger P, Fröhlich F. The role of very long chain fatty acids in yeast physiology and human diseases. Biol Chem 2020; 402:25-38. [PMID: 33544487 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are a highly diverse class of molecules that can have variable chain length, number of double bonds and hydroxylation sites. FAs with 22 or more carbon atoms are described as very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). VLCFAs are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through a four-step elongation cycle by membrane embedded enzymes. VLCFAs are precursors for the synthesis of sphingolipids (SLs) and glycerophospholipids. Besides their role as lipid constituents, VLCFAs are also found as precursors of lipid mediators. Mis-regulation of VLCFA metabolism can result in a variety of inherited diseases ranging from ichthyosis, to myopathies and demyelination. The enzymes for VLCFA biosynthesis are evolutionary conserved and many of the pioneering studies were performed in the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A growing body of evidence suggests that VLCFA metabolism is intricately regulated to maintain lipid homeostasis. In this review we will describe the metabolism of VLCFAs, how they are synthesized, transported and degraded and how these processes are regulated, focusing on budding yeast. We will review how lipid metabolism and membrane properties are affected by VLCFAs and which impact mutations in the biosynthetic genes have on physiology. We will also briefly describe diseases caused by mis-regulation of VLCFAs in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Erdbrügger
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Molecular Membrane Biology Group, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Florian Fröhlich
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Molecular Membrane Biology Group, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.,Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
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26
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Cho IJ, Choi KR, Lee SY. Microbial production of fatty acids and derivative chemicals. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 65:129-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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27
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Black PN. A revolution in biochemistry and molecular biology education informed by basic research to meet the demands of 21st century career paths. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10653-10661. [PMID: 32527726 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.aw120.011104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The National Science Foundation estimates that 80% of the jobs available during the next decade will require math and science skills, dictating that programs in biochemistry and molecular biology must be transformative and use new pedagogical approaches and experiential learning for careers in industry, research, education, engineering, health-care professions, and other interdisciplinary fields. These efforts require an environment that values the individual student and integrates recent advances from the primary literature in the discipline, experimentally directed research, data collection and analysis, and scientific writing. Current trends shaping these efforts must include critical thinking, experimental testing, computational modeling, and inferential logic. In essence, modern biochemistry and molecular biology education must be informed by, and integrated with, cutting-edge research. This environment relies on sustained research support, commitment to providing the requisite mentoring, access to instrumentation, and state-of-the-art facilities. The academic environment must establish a culture of excellence and faculty engagement, leading to innovation in the classroom and laboratory. These efforts must not lose sight of the importance of multidimensional programs that enrich science literacy in all facets of the population, students and teachers in K-12 schools, nonbiochemistry and molecular biology students, and other stakeholders. As biochemistry and molecular biology educators, we have an obligation to provide students with the skills that allow them to be innovative and self-reliant. The next generation of biochemistry and molecular biology students must be taught proficiencies in scientific and technological literacy, the importance of the scientific discourse, and skills required for problem solvers of the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Black
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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28
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Pech-Canul ÁDLC, Rivera-Hernández G, Nogales J, Geiger O, Soto MJ, López-Lara IM. Role of Sinorhizobium meliloti and Escherichia coli Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Synthetase FadD in Long-Term Survival. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040470. [PMID: 32225039 PMCID: PMC7232532 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
FadD is an acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase specific for long-chain fatty acids (LCFA). Strains mutated in fadD cannot produce acyl-CoA and thus cannot grow on exogenous LCFA as the sole carbon source. Mutants in the fadD (smc02162) of Sinorhizobium meliloti are unable to grow on oleate as the sole carbon source and present an increased surface motility and accumulation of free fatty acids at the entry of the stationary phase of growth. In this study, we found that constitutive expression of the closest FadD homologues of S. meliloti, encoded by sma0150 and smb20650, could not revert any of the mutant phenotypes. In contrast, the expression of Escherichia coli fadD could restore the same functions as S. meliloti fadD. Previously, we demonstrated that FadD is required for the degradation of endogenous fatty acids released from membrane lipids. Here, we show that absence of a functional fadD provokes a significant loss of viability in cultures of E. coli and of S. meliloti in the stationary phase, demonstrating a crucial role of fatty acid degradation in survival capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel de la Cruz Pech-Canul
- Programa de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Cuernavaca, Morelos, C.P. 62210, Mexico; (Á.d.l.C.P.-C.); (G.R.-H.); (O.G.)
| | - Geovanny Rivera-Hernández
- Programa de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Cuernavaca, Morelos, C.P. 62210, Mexico; (Á.d.l.C.P.-C.); (G.R.-H.); (O.G.)
| | - Joaquina Nogales
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos. Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain; (J.N.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Otto Geiger
- Programa de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Cuernavaca, Morelos, C.P. 62210, Mexico; (Á.d.l.C.P.-C.); (G.R.-H.); (O.G.)
| | - María J. Soto
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos. Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain; (J.N.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Isabel M. López-Lara
- Programa de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Cuernavaca, Morelos, C.P. 62210, Mexico; (Á.d.l.C.P.-C.); (G.R.-H.); (O.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-7773291703
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29
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Metur SP, Klionsky DJ. As (and when) you like it: on-demand phospholipid synthesis drives phagophore expansion during autophagy. Autophagy 2020; 16:779-781. [PMID: 32097081 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1732713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A key feature of macroautophagy/autophagy is the formation of a transient de novo compartment called the phagophore, which envelops cytoplasmic material, ultimately enclosing it within an autophagosome, allowing it to be targeted for degradation. Schütter et al describe a novel mechanism that spatiotemporally coordinates phospholipid synthesis to drive phagophore expansion and autophagosome formation. These authors show that during starvation, fatty acids (FAs) are channeled into phospholipid synthesis, and the newly synthesized lipids are directed toward autophagosome biogenesis.Abbreviations: ACS: acyl-CoA synthetase; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; FA: fatty acid; FAS: fatty acid synthetase; MCS: membrane contact sites; PAS: phagophore assembly site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shree Padma Metur
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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30
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Kagan VE, Tyurina YY, Sun WY, Vlasova II, Dar H, Tyurin VA, Amoscato AA, Mallampalli R, van der Wel PCA, He RR, Shvedova AA, Gabrilovich DI, Bayir H. Redox phospholipidomics of enzymatically generated oxygenated phospholipids as specific signals of programmed cell death. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 147:231-241. [PMID: 31883467 PMCID: PMC7037592 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
High fidelity and effective adaptive changes of the cell and tissue metabolism to changing environments require strict coordination of numerous biological processes. Multicellular organisms developed sophisticated signaling systems of monitoring and responding to these different contexts. Among these systems, oxygenated lipids play a significant role realized via a variety of re-programming mechanisms. Some of them are enacted as a part of pro-survival pathways that eliminate harmful or unnecessary molecules or organelles by a variety of degradation/hydrolytic reactions or specialized autophageal processes. When these "partial" intracellular measures are insufficient, the programs of cells death are triggered with the aim to remove irreparably damaged members of the multicellular community. These regulated cell death mechanisms are believed to heavily rely on signaling by a highly diversified group of molecules, oxygenated phospholipids (PLox). Out of thousands of detectable individual PLox species, redox phospholipidomics deciphered several specific molecules that seem to be diagnostic of specialized death programs. Oxygenated cardiolipins (CLs) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) have been identified as predictive biomarkers of apoptosis and ferroptosis, respectively. This has led to decoding of the enzymatic mechanisms of their formation involving mitochondrial oxidation of CLs by cytochrome c and endoplasmic reticulum-associated oxidation of PE by lipoxygenases. Understanding of the specific biochemical radical-mediated mechanisms of these oxidative reactions opens new avenues for the design and search of highly specific regulators of cell death programs. This review emphasizes the usefulness of such selective lipid peroxidation mechanisms in contrast to the concept of random poorly controlled free radical reactions as instruments of non-specific damage of cells and their membranes. Detailed analysis of two specific examples of phospholipid oxidative signaling in apoptosis and ferroptosis along with their molecular mechanisms and roles in reprogramming has been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- V E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Heath, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Y Y Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Heath, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - W Y Sun
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Heath, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, USA; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - I I Vlasova
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - H Dar
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Heath, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - V A Tyurin
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Heath, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - A A Amoscato
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Heath, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | | | - P C A van der Wel
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R R He
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - A A Shvedova
- Exposure Assessment Branch, NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - H Bayir
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Heath, USA; Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, USA.
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31
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Local Fatty Acid Channeling into Phospholipid Synthesis Drives Phagophore Expansion during Autophagy. Cell 2019; 180:135-149.e14. [PMID: 31883797 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved catabolic homeostasis process central for cellular and organismal health. During autophagy, small single-membrane phagophores rapidly expand into large double-membrane autophagosomes to encapsulate diverse cargoes for degradation. It is thought that autophagic membranes are mainly derived from preformed organelle membranes. Instead, here we delineate a pathway that expands the phagophore membrane by localized phospholipid synthesis. Specifically, we find that the conserved acyl-CoA synthetase Faa1 accumulates on nucleated phagophores and locally activates fatty acids (FAs) required for phagophore elongation and autophagy. Strikingly, using isotopic FA tracing, we directly show that Faa1 channels activated FAs into the synthesis of phospholipids and promotes their assembly into autophagic membranes. Indeed, the first committed steps of de novo phospholipid synthesis at the ER, which forms stable contacts with nascent autophagosomes, are essential for autophagy. Together, our work illuminates how cells spatially tune synthesis and flux of phospholipids for autophagosome biogenesis during autophagy.
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32
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Kiegerl B, Tavassoli M, Smart H, Shabits BN, Zaremberg V, Athenstaedt K. Phosphorylation of the lipid droplet localized glycerol‑3‑phosphate acyltransferase Gpt2 prevents a futile triacylglycerol cycle in yeast. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:158509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Micoogullari Y, Basu SS, Ang J, Weisshaar N, Schmitt ND, Abdelmoula WM, Lopez B, Agar JN, Agar N, Hanna J. Dysregulation of very-long-chain fatty acid metabolism causes membrane saturation and induction of the unfolded protein response. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 31:7-17. [PMID: 31746669 PMCID: PMC6938273 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-07-0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) senses defects in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and orchestrates a complex program of adaptive cellular remodeling. Increasing evidence suggests an important relationship between lipid homeostasis and the UPR. Defects in the ER membrane induce the UPR, and the UPR in turn controls the expression of some lipid metabolic genes. Among lipid species, the very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are relatively rare and poorly understood. Here, we show that loss of the VLCFA-coenzyme A synthetase Fat1, which is essential for VLCFA utilization, results in ER stress with compensatory UPR induction. Comprehensive lipidomic analyses revealed a dramatic increase in membrane saturation in the fat1Δ mutant, likely accounting for UPR induction. In principle, this increased membrane saturation could reflect adaptive membrane remodeling or an adverse effect of VLCFA dysfunction. We provide evidence supporting the latter, as the fat1Δ mutant showed defects in the function of Ole1, the sole fatty acyl desaturase in yeast. These results indicate that VLCFAs play essential roles in protein quality control and membrane homeostasis and suggest an unexpected requirement for VLCFAs in Ole1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sankha S Basu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | | | | | | | - Walid M Abdelmoula
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Begona Lopez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jeffrey N Agar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and.,Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Nathalie Agar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
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Mechanisms by which PE21, an extract from the white willow Salix alba, delays chronological aging in budding yeast. Oncotarget 2019; 10:5780-5816. [PMID: 31645900 PMCID: PMC6791382 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently found that PE21, an extract from the white willow Salix alba, slows chronological aging and prolongs longevity of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae more efficiently than any of the previously known pharmacological interventions. Here, we investigated mechanisms through which PE21 delays yeast chronological aging and extends yeast longevity. We show that PE21 causes a remodeling of lipid metabolism in chronologically aging yeast, thereby instigating changes in the concentrations of several lipid classes. We demonstrate that such changes in the cellular lipidome initiate three mechanisms of aging delay and longevity extension. The first mechanism through which PE21 slows aging and prolongs longevity consists in its ability to decrease the intracellular concentration of free fatty acids. This postpones an age-related onset of liponecrotic cell death promoted by excessive concentrations of free fatty acids. The second mechanism of aging delay and longevity extension by PE21 consists in its ability to decrease the concentrations of triacylglycerols and to increase the concentrations of glycerophospholipids within the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. This activates the unfolded protein response system in the endoplasmic reticulum, which then decelerates an age-related decline in protein and lipid homeostasis and slows down an aging-associated deterioration of cell resistance to stress. The third mechanisms underlying aging delay and longevity extension by PE21 consists in its ability to change lipid concentrations in the mitochondrial membranes. This alters certain catabolic and anabolic processes in mitochondria, thus amending the pattern of aging-associated changes in several key aspects of mitochondrial functionality.
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Chang N, Yao S, Chen D, Zhang L, Huang J, Zhang L. The Hog1 positive regulated YCT1 gene expression under cadmium tolerance of budding yeast. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 365:5049003. [PMID: 29982432 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that is the cause of irreversible hazards to living organisms. Cadmium ions can induce the phosphorylation of MAPKs pathway molecules such as Hog1 and Slt2, but downstream effectors and potential activation pathways are still unclear. In this study, the RNA-seq data analysis in Cd-stressed yeast was performed to predict and screen the signal transduction pathway and the potential effect molecules regulated by MAPKs. Based on differentially expressed genes and Venn diagrams, 31 genes regulated by Hog1p and two genes induced by Slt2p, which related to carbohydrate metabolism, oxidative damage, DNA replication stress and detoxification, were characterized under Cd exposure to yeast. A cysteine-specific transporter (Yct1) modulated by Hog1 was confirmed via RNA-seq results. Meanwhile, we tested the Cd-sensitivity, intracellular Cd concentrations and β-galactosidase assay, and results indicated that the hypersensitivity of the hog1 mutant to Cd was partly abrogated in YCT1 gene deletion, induction of YCT1 was dependent on Hog1 and its transcription factors, and Yct1p would be epistatic to the Hog1p in Cd-tolerance. The investigation of the transcriptome of MAPKs under Cd stress provided valuable information for future molecular studies of Cd-tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Chang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Shunyu Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Deguang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Jinhai Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Lilin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072
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36
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Chew SY, Chee WJY, Than LTL. The glyoxylate cycle and alternative carbon metabolism as metabolic adaptation strategies of Candida glabrata: perspectives from Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:52. [PMID: 31301737 PMCID: PMC6626413 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon utilization and metabolism are fundamental to every living organism for cellular growth. For intracellular human fungal pathogens such as Candida glabrata, an effective metabolic adaptation strategy is often required for survival and pathogenesis. As one of the host defence strategies to combat invading pathogens, phagocytes such as macrophages constantly impose restrictions on pathogens' access to their preferred carbon source, glucose. Surprisingly, it has been reported that engulfed C. glabrata are able to survive in this harsh microenvironment, further suggesting alternative carbon metabolism as a potential strategy for this opportunistic fungal pathogen to persist in the host. MAIN TEXT In this review, we discuss alternative carbon metabolism as a metabolic adaptation strategy for the pathogenesis of C. glabrata. As the glyoxylate cycle is an important pathway in the utilization of alternative carbon sources, we also highlight the key metabolic enzymes in the glyoxylate cycle and its necessity for the pathogenesis of C. glabrata. Finally, we explore the transcriptional regulatory network of the glyoxylate cycle. CONCLUSION Considering evidence from Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this review summarizes the current knowledge of the glyoxylate cycle as an alternative carbon metabolic pathway of C. glabrata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yih Chew
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wallace Jeng Yang Chee
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Leslie Thian Lung Than
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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37
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Zhao L, Haslam TM, Sonntag A, Molina I, Kunst L. Functional Overlap of Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Synthetases in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1041-1054. [PMID: 30715495 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (LACSs) play diverse and essential roles in lipid metabolism. The genomes of model eukaryotic organisms encode multiple LACS genes, and the substrate specificities of LACS homologs often overlap substantially. Homologous LACSs tend to differ in their expression patterns, localizations, and, by extension, the metabolic pathways to which they contribute. The Arabidopsis genome encodes a family of nine LACS genes, which have been characterized largely by reverse genetic analysis of mutant phenotypes. Because of redundancy, distinguishing the contributions of some Arabidopsis LACS genes has been challenging. Here, we have attempted to clarify the functions of LACSs that functionally overlap by synopsizing the results of previous work, isolating a suite of higher-order mutants that were previously lacking, and analyzing oil, wax, cutin, cuticle permeability, fertility and growth phenotypes. LACS1, LACS2, LACS4, LACS8 and LACS9 all affect cuticular lipid metabolism, but have different precise roles. Seed set, seed weight and storage oil amounts of higher-order lacs1, lacs2, lacs4, lacs8 and lacs9 mutants vary greatly, with these traits subject to different effects of fertility and oil synthesis defects. LACS4, LACS8 and LACS9 have partially redundant roles in development, as lacs4 lacs8 and lacs4 lacs9 double mutants are dwarf. lacs4 lacs8 lacs9 triple mutants were not recovered, and are assumed to be non-viable. Together, these results sketch a complex network of functions and functional interactions within the Arabidopsis LACS gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Zhao
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tegan M Haslam
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Annika Sonntag
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste Marie, ON, Canada
| | - Isabel Molina
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste Marie, ON, Canada
| | - Ljerka Kunst
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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38
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Liu J, Zhang C, Lu W. Biosynthesis of Long-Chain ω-Hydroxy Fatty Acids by Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4545-4552. [PMID: 30929440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) are rare in nature but have many promising industrial applications. In this study, we developed a biosynthesis method to produce long-chain ω-hydroxy fatty acids. Through disruption of the acyl-CoA synthetases FAA1 and FAA4 and the fatty acyl-CoA oxidase POX1, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain was engineered to accumulate free fatty acids (FFAs). Subsequently, the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP52M1 from Starmerella bombicola was introduced to convert FFAs to HFAs, leading to the production of C16 and C18 HFAs at the ω or ω-1 positions. Next, CYP52M1 was reconstituted with the homologous reductase S. bombicola CPR and the heterologous reductase Arabidopsis thaliana cytochrome P450 reductase. The results showed that the CYP52M1-AtCPR1 system significantly increased the hydroxylation in FFA. Moreover, a self-sufficient P450 enzyme system was constructed to achieve higher transformation efficiency. Finally, fed-batch fermentation yielded as much as 347 ± 9.2 mg/L ω-HFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , P. R. China
| | - Chuanbo Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , P. R. China
| | - Wenyu Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University) , Ministry of Education , Tianjin , 300072 , P. R. China
- SynBio Research Platform , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin , 300350 , P. R. China
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39
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Veglia F, Tyurin VA, Blasi M, De Leo A, Kossenkov AV, Donthireddy L, To TKJ, Schug Z, Basu S, Wang F, Ricciotti E, DiRusso C, Murphy ME, Vonderheide RH, Lieberman PM, Mulligan C, Nam B, Hockstein N, Masters G, Guarino M, Lin C, Nefedova Y, Black P, Kagan VE, Gabrilovich DI. Fatty acid transport protein 2 reprograms neutrophils in cancer. Nature 2019; 569:73-78. [PMID: 30996346 PMCID: PMC6557120 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1118-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) are pathologically activated neutrophils that are crucial for the regulation of immune responses in cancer. These cells contribute to the failure of cancer therapies and are associated with poor clinical outcomes. Despite recent advances in the understanding of PMN-MDSC biology, the mechanisms responsible for the pathological activation of neutrophils are not well defined, and this limits the selective targeting of these cells. Here we report that mouse and human PMN-MDSCs exclusively upregulate fatty acid transport protein 2 (FATP2). Overexpression of FATP2 in PMN-MDSCs was controlled by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, through the activation of the STAT5 transcription factor. Deletion of FATP2 abrogated the suppressive activity of PMN-MDSCs. The main mechanism of FATP2-mediated suppressive activity involved the uptake of arachidonic acid and the synthesis of prostaglandin E2. The selective pharmacological inhibition of FATP2 abrogated the activity of PMN-MDSCs and substantially delayed tumour progression. In combination with checkpoint inhibitors, FATP2 inhibition blocked tumour progression in mice. Thus, FATP2 mediates the acquisition of immunosuppressive activity by PMN-MDSCs and represents a target to inhibit the functions of PMN-MDSCs selectively and to improve the efficiency of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Veglia
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maria Blasi
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alessandra De Leo
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew V Kossenkov
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Zach Schug
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Subhasree Basu
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fang Wang
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Concetta DiRusso
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Maureen E Murphy
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Paul M Lieberman
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charles Mulligan
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center at Christiana Care Health System, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Brian Nam
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center at Christiana Care Health System, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Neil Hockstein
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center at Christiana Care Health System, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Gregory Masters
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Helen F. Graham Cancer Center at Christiana Care Health System, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Michael Guarino
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center at Christiana Care Health System, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Cindy Lin
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yulia Nefedova
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul Black
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moskva, Russia
| | - Dmitry I Gabrilovich
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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40
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Fanning S, Haque A, Imberdis T, Baru V, Barrasa MI, Nuber S, Termine D, Ramalingam N, Ho GPH, Noble T, Sandoe J, Lou Y, Landgraf D, Freyzon Y, Newby G, Soldner F, Terry-Kantor E, Kim TE, Hofbauer HF, Becuwe M, Jaenisch R, Pincus D, Clish CB, Walther TC, Farese RV, Srinivasan S, Welte MA, Kohlwein SD, Dettmer U, Lindquist S, Selkoe D. Lipidomic Analysis of α-Synuclein Neurotoxicity Identifies Stearoyl CoA Desaturase as a Target for Parkinson Treatment. Mol Cell 2019; 73:1001-1014.e8. [PMID: 30527540 PMCID: PMC6408259 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease (PD), α-synuclein (αS) pathologically impacts the brain, a highly lipid-rich organ. We investigated how alterations in αS or lipid/fatty acid homeostasis affect each other. Lipidomic profiling of human αS-expressing yeast revealed increases in oleic acid (OA, 18:1), diglycerides, and triglycerides. These findings were recapitulated in rodent and human neuronal models of αS dyshomeostasis (overexpression; patient-derived triplication or E46K mutation; E46K mice). Preventing lipid droplet formation or augmenting OA increased αS yeast toxicity; suppressing the OA-generating enzyme stearoyl-CoA-desaturase (SCD) was protective. Genetic or pharmacological SCD inhibition ameliorated toxicity in αS-overexpressing rat neurons. In a C. elegans model, SCD knockout prevented αS-induced dopaminergic degeneration. Conversely, we observed detrimental effects of OA on αS homeostasis: in human neural cells, excess OA caused αS inclusion formation, which was reversed by SCD inhibition. Thus, monounsaturated fatty acid metabolism is pivotal for αS-induced neurotoxicity, and inhibiting SCD represents a novel PD therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranna Fanning
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Aftabul Haque
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Thibaut Imberdis
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Valeriya Baru
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Silke Nuber
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel Termine
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nagendran Ramalingam
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gary P H Ho
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tallie Noble
- Mira Costa College, 1 Barnard Drive, Oceanside, CA 92056, USA
| | - Jackson Sandoe
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yali Lou
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Dirk Landgraf
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yelena Freyzon
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gregory Newby
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Frank Soldner
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Elizabeth Terry-Kantor
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tae-Eun Kim
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Harald F Hofbauer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed-Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Michel Becuwe
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rudolf Jaenisch
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David Pincus
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Tobias C Walther
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA; HHMI, Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert V Farese
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Supriya Srinivasan
- Department of Chemical Physiology and The Dorris Neuroscience Center, 1 Barnard Drive, Oceanside, CA 92056, USA; The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael A Welte
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Sepp D Kohlwein
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed-Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ulf Dettmer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Susan Lindquist
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; HHMI, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dennis Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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41
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LaBrant E, Barnes AC, Roston RL. Lipid transport required to make lipids of photosynthetic membranes. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 138:345-360. [PMID: 29961189 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0545-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic membranes provide much of the usable energy for life on earth. To produce photosynthetic membrane lipids, multiple transport steps are required, including fatty acid export from the chloroplast stroma to the endoplasmic reticulum, and lipid transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the chloroplast envelope membranes. Transport of hydrophobic molecules through aqueous space is energetically unfavorable and must be catalyzed by dedicated enzymes, frequently on specialized membrane structures. Here, we review photosynthetic membrane lipid transport to the chloroplast in the context of photosynthetic membrane lipid synthesis. We independently consider the identity of transported lipids, the proteinaceous transport components, and membrane structures which may allow efficient transport. Recent advances in lipid transport of chloroplasts, bacteria, and other systems strongly suggest that lipid transport is achieved by multiple mechanisms which include membrane contact sites with specialized protein machinery. This machinery is likely to include the TGD1, 2, 3 complex with the TGD5 and TGD4/LPTD1 systems, and may also include a number of proteins with domains similar to other membrane contact site lipid-binding proteins. Importantly, the likelihood of membrane contact sites does not preclude lipid transport by other mechanisms including vectorial acylation and vesicle transport. Substantial progress is needed to fully understand all photosynthetic membrane lipid transport processes and how they are integrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan LaBrant
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1901 Vine St, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Allison C Barnes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1901 Vine St, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Rebecca L Roston
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1901 Vine St, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
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42
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Yen MC, Chou SK, Kan JY, Kuo PL, Hou MF, Hsu YL. Solute Carrier Family 27 Member 4 (SLC27A4) Enhances Cell Growth, Migration, and Invasion in Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113434. [PMID: 30388870 PMCID: PMC6274775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid metabolism is important in the regulation of breast cancer progression. Some of the proteins involved in fatty acid transport have been demonstrated to promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion in breast cancer cells. Solute carrier family 27 member 4 (SLC27A4) is a fatty acid transporter protein and is related to very long chain acyl-CoA synthetase activity. In the present study, bioinformatic analysis revealed that relatively high SLC27A4 expression was observed in all subtypes of breast tumor tissues when compared to normal breast tissues. Silencing SLC27A4 expression significantly reduced uptake of free fatty acids in two breast cancer cell lines, Hs578T and MDA-MB-231. Cell growth inhibition was observed in SLC27A4-silenced Hs578T and cell cycle was arrested at G2/M. In addition, the capacity of migration and invasion decreased in both cell lines after knockdown of SLC27A4. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition signaling pathway was inhibited because protein expression of Slug, vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin, and other regulators was lower than that in control cells. Taken together, our results confirm that high SLC27A4 is associated with tumor progression in breast cancer cells. It is worth investigating whether SLC27A4 serves a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chi Yen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Kai Chou
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Jung-Yu Kan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Lin Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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43
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Intestinal Saturated Long-Chain Fatty Acid, Glucose and Fructose Transporters and Their Inhibition by Natural Plant Extracts in Caco-2 Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102544. [PMID: 30301205 PMCID: PMC6222386 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal absorption of fatty acids, glucose and fructose is part of the basic requirements for the provision of energy in the body. High access of saturated long-chain fatty acids (LCFA), glucose and fructose can facilitate the development of metabolic diseases, particularly the metabolic syndrome and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Research has been done to find substances which decelerate or inhibit intestinal resorption of these specific food components. Promising targets are the inhibition of intestinal long-chain fatty acid (FATP2, FATP4), glucose (SGLT1, GLUT2) and fructose (GLUT2, GLUT5) transporters by plant extracts and by pure substances. The largest part of active components in plant extracts belongs to the group of polyphenols. This review summarizes the knowledge about binding sites of named transporters and lists the plant extracts which were tested in Caco-2 cells regarding uptake inhibition.
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Bioconversion of green volatiles in okara (soybean residue) into esters by coupling enzyme catalysis and yeast (Lindnera saturnus) fermentation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:10017-10026. [PMID: 30284011 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Okara (soybean residue), a by-product from soymilk and tofu production, has a green, grassy off odour as it contains a large amount of aldehydes. This work investigated the rate-limiting enzyme(s) in the formation of aldehydes in okara and the pathways leading to their bioconversion into fruity, pleasant-smelling esters by the yeast Lindnera saturnus. Lipase and hydroperoxide lyase were shown to be rate-limiting enzymes while endogenous soy lipoxygenase was also crucial for the production of aldehydes in okara. Subsequent fermentation of okara by L. saturnus increased the amount of esters by about 70 times to 165-277 μg/g dried okara. The generation of C7 esters followed our hypothesised pathway, while that for C6 esters was mainly affected by L. saturnus. This study presents a simple and inexpensive one-pot setup for the natural bio-production of esters from okara.
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Gastelum-Martínez A, León-Sicairos C, Plata-Guzmán L, Soto-Castro L, León-Sicairos N, de la Garza M. Iron-modulated virulence factors of Entamoeba histolytica. Future Microbiol 2018; 13:1329-1341. [PMID: 30238768 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2018-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica is a human parasite that causes amoebiasis, a disease that affects the colon and liver and is prevalent worldwide. This protozoan requires a high concentration of iron to survive and reproduce. Iron modulates the expression of parasite virulence factors, including hemoglobinases, hemoglobin-binding proteins and cysteine proteases, as well as proteins related to the amoebic cytoskeleton. This review summarizes the virulence factors that are affected by iron, resulting in upregulation or downregulation of E. histolytica genes. This review also discusses the functionality of iron in the mechanisms of pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Gastelum-Martínez
- Programa Regional del Noroeste para el Posgrado en Biotecnología de la Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas. Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Av. de las Américas y Josefa Ortiz (Cd. Universitaria) Culiacán 80030, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Claudia León-Sicairos
- Programa Regional del Noroeste para el Posgrado en Biotecnología de la Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas. Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Av. de las Américas y Josefa Ortiz (Cd. Universitaria) Culiacán 80030, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Laura Plata-Guzmán
- Programa Regional del Noroeste para el Posgrado en Biotecnología de la Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas. Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Av. de las Américas y Josefa Ortiz (Cd. Universitaria) Culiacán 80030, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Liliana Soto-Castro
- Programa Regional del Noroeste para el Posgrado en Biotecnología de la Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas. Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Av. de las Américas y Josefa Ortiz (Cd. Universitaria) Culiacán 80030, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Nidia León-Sicairos
- CIASaP Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Cedros y Sauces Frac. Fresnos. Culiacán 80246, Sinaloa, México; Departamento de Investigación, Hospital Pediátrico de Sinaloa. Boulevard Constitución S/N, Col. Jorge Almada, Culiacán 80200, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Mireya de la Garza
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco 07360, CdMx, Mexico
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46
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Tripodi KEJ, Berardi F, Uttaro AD. Improved Characterization of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Desaturases and Elongases by Co-Expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
with a Protozoan Acyl-CoA Synthetase. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201700474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karina E. J. Tripodi
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET; Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR); 2000-Rosario, Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Florencia Berardi
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET; Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR); 2000-Rosario, Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Antonio D. Uttaro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET; Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR); 2000-Rosario, Santa Fe Argentina
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47
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Ferreira R, Teixeira PG, Siewers V, Nielsen J. Redirection of lipid flux toward phospholipids in yeast increases fatty acid turnover and secretion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:1262-1267. [PMID: 29358378 PMCID: PMC5819412 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1715282115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-based production of fatty acids and fatty acid-derived products can enable sustainable substitution of petroleum-derived fuels and chemicals. However, developing new microbial cell factories for producing high levels of fatty acids requires extensive engineering of lipid metabolism, a complex and tightly regulated metabolic network. Here we generated a Saccharomyces cerevisiae platform strain with a simplified lipid metabolism network with high-level production of free fatty acids (FFAs) due to redirected fatty acid metabolism and reduced feedback regulation. Deletion of the main fatty acid activation genes (the first step in β-oxidation), main storage lipid formation genes, and phosphatidate phosphatase genes resulted in a constrained lipid metabolic network in which fatty acid flux was directed to a large extent toward phospholipids. This resulted in simultaneous increases of phospholipids by up to 2.8-fold and of FFAs by up to 40-fold compared with wild-type levels. Further deletion of phospholipase genes PLB1 and PLB2 resulted in a 46% decrease in FFA levels and 105% increase in phospholipid levels, suggesting that phospholipid hydrolysis plays an important role in FFA production when phospholipid levels are increased. The multiple deletion mutant generated allowed for a study of fatty acid dynamics in lipid metabolism and represents a platform strain with interesting properties that provide insight into the future development of lipid-related cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Ferreira
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, SE412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paulo Gonçalves Teixeira
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, SE412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Verena Siewers
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, SE412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, SE412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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48
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Renne MF, de Kroon AIPM. The role of phospholipid molecular species in determining the physical properties of yeast membranes. FEBS Lett 2017; 592:1330-1345. [PMID: 29265372 PMCID: PMC5947837 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In most eukaryotes, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, glycerophospholipids are the main membrane lipid constituents. Besides serving as general membrane ‘building blocks’, glycerophospholipids play an important role in determining the physical properties of the membrane, which are crucial for proper membrane function. To ensure optimal physical properties, membrane glycerophospholipid composition and synthesis are tightly regulated. This review will summarize our current knowledge of factors and processes determining the membrane glycerophospholipid composition of the reference eukaryote S. cerevisiae at the level of molecular species. Extrapolating from relevant model membrane data, we also discuss how modulation of the molecular species composition can regulate membrane physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike F. Renne
- Membrane Biochemistry & BiophysicsDepartment of ChemistryBijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research & Institute of BiomembranesUtrecht Universitythe Netherlands
| | - Anton I. P. M. de Kroon
- Membrane Biochemistry & BiophysicsDepartment of ChemistryBijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research & Institute of BiomembranesUtrecht Universitythe Netherlands
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49
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Fatty acid transport protein 1 enhances the macrophage inflammatory response by coupling with ceramide and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 55:205-215. [PMID: 29272817 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are important cells that need to be controlled at the site of inflammation. Several factors are involved in chronic inflammation and its timely resolution. Free fatty acids drive the inflammatory response in macrophages and contribute to the vicious cycle of the inflammatory response. However, the identity of the uptake pathways of fatty acids is not fully clear in macrophages and how the inflammatory responses are regulated by the uptake of fatty acids remain poorly understood. We investigated the relationship between fatty acid transport protein (FATP) and the inflammatory response signaling pathway in macrophages as the first report. The FATP family has composed six isoforms, FATP1-6. We found that FATP1 is the most highly expressed isoform in macrophages. Forced expression of FATP1 enhanced production of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα and IL-6 concomitant with the increased uptake of fatty acids, increased level of ceramide, and increased phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). The enhancement by FATP1 was abolished by treatment with a JNK inhibitor, NF-κB inhibitor, or ceramide synthesis inhibitor. siRNA-mediated knockdown of FATP1 strongly inhibited the production of TNFα and IL-6. Similarly, an inhibitor of FATP1 inhibited the production of TNFα and IL-6. Finally, an inhibitor of FATP1 attenuated the production of inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in an LPS-induced acute lung injury in vivo mouse model. In summary, we propose that FATP1 is an important regulator of inflammatory response signaling in macrophages. Our findings suggest that ceramide-JNK signaling is important to terminate or sustain inflammation.
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50
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Han L, Peng Y, Zhang Y, Chen W, Lin Y, Wang Q. Designing and Creating a Synthetic Omega Oxidation Pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Enables Production of Medium-Chain α, ω-Dicarboxylic Acids. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2184. [PMID: 29163455 PMCID: PMC5673993 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Medium-chain (C8–C14) α, ω-dicarboxylic acids (α, ω-DCAs), which have numerous applications as raw materials for producing various commodities and polymers in chemical industry, are mainly produced from chemical or microbial conversion of petroleum-derived alkanes or plant-derived fatty acids at present. Recently, significant attention has been gained to microbial production of medium-chain α, ω-DCAs from simple renewable sugars. Here, we designed and created a synthetic omega oxidation pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce C10 and C12 α, ω-DCAs from renewable sugars and fatty acids by introducing a heterogeneous cytochrome P450 CYP94C1 and cytochrome reductase ATR1. Furthermore, the deletion of fatty acyl-CoA synthetase genes FAA1 and FAA4 increased the production of medium-chain α, ω-DCAs from 4.690 ± 0.088 mg/L to 12.177 ± 0.420 mg/L and enabled the production of C14 and C16 α, ω-DCAs at low percentage. But blocking β-oxidation pathway by deleting fatty-acyl coenzyme A oxidase gene POX1 and overexpressing different thioesterase genes had no significant impact on the production and the composition of α, ω-dicarboxylic acids. Overall, our study indicated the potential of microbial production of medium-chain α, ω-DCAs from renewable feedstocks using engineered yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Han
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanfeng Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuangyuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Wujiu Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuping Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinhong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
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