1
|
Schuermans N, El Chehadeh S, Hemelsoet D, Gautheron J, Vantyghem MC, Nouioua S, Tazir M, Vigouroux C, Auclair M, Bogaert E, Dufour S, Okawa F, Hilbert P, Van Doninck N, Taquet MC, Rosseel T, De Clercq G, Debackere E, Van Haverbeke C, Cherif FR, Urtizberea JA, Chanson JB, Funalot B, Authier FJ, Kaya S, Terryn W, Callens S, Depypere B, Van Dorpe J, Poppe B, Impens F, Mizushima N, Depienne C, Jéru I, Dermaut B. Loss of phospholipase PLAAT3 causes a mixed lipodystrophic and neurological syndrome due to impaired PPARγ signaling. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1929-1940. [PMID: 37919452 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase A/acyltransferase 3 (PLAAT3) is a phospholipid-modifying enzyme predominantly expressed in neural and white adipose tissue (WAT). It is a potential drug target for metabolic syndrome, as Plaat3 deficiency in mice protects against diet-induced obesity. We identified seven patients from four unrelated consanguineous families, with homozygous loss-of-function variants in PLAAT3, who presented with a lipodystrophy syndrome with loss of fat varying from partial to generalized and associated with metabolic complications, as well as variable neurological features including demyelinating neuropathy and intellectual disability. Multi-omics analysis of mouse Plaat3-/- and patient-derived WAT showed enrichment of arachidonic acid-containing membrane phospholipids and a strong decrease in the signaling of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), the master regulator of adipocyte differentiation. Accordingly, CRISPR-Cas9-mediated PLAAT3 inactivation in human adipose stem cells induced insulin resistance, altered adipocyte differentiation with decreased lipid droplet formation and reduced the expression of adipogenic and mature adipocyte markers, including PPARγ. These findings establish PLAAT3 deficiency as a hereditary lipodystrophy syndrome with neurological manifestations, caused by a PPARγ-dependent defect in WAT differentiation and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nika Schuermans
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Salima El Chehadeh
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, CNRS-UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, UMRS_1112, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Université de Strasbourg et INSERM, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Jérémie Gautheron
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Marie-Christine Vantyghem
- Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism Department, National Competence Centre for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- University of Lille, INSERM U1190, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Sonia Nouioua
- Department of Neurology of the EHS of Cherchell, University Centre of Blida, Tipaza, Algeria
- NeuroSciences Research Laboratory, University of Algiers Benyoucef Benkhedda, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Meriem Tazir
- NeuroSciences Research Laboratory, University of Algiers Benyoucef Benkhedda, Algiers, Algeria
- Department of Neurology, CHU Algiers (Mustapha Pacha Hospital), Algiers, Algeria
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, National Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproductive Endocrinology, and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Paris, France
| | - Martine Auclair
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, National Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproductive Endocrinology, and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Paris, France
| | - Elke Bogaert
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sara Dufour
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Proteomics Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fumiya Okawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Pascale Hilbert
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Pathology and Genetics, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Nike Van Doninck
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, General Hospital VITAZ, Sint-Niklaas, Belgium
| | - Marie-Caroline Taquet
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nutrition, Hopitaux Universitaires Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Toon Rosseel
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Griet De Clercq
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elke Debackere
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Ferroudja Ramdane Cherif
- Department of Neurology of the EHS of Cherchell, University Centre of Blida, Tipaza, Algeria
- NeuroSciences Research Laboratory, University of Algiers Benyoucef Benkhedda, Algiers, Algeria
| | | | - Jean-Baptiste Chanson
- Service de Neurologie et Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire Nord/Est/Ile de France, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
| | - Benoit Funalot
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Créteil, France
- INSERM UMR955, Team Relaix, Faculty of Medicine, Créteil, France
| | - François-Jérôme Authier
- INSERM UMR955, Team Relaix, Faculty of Medicine, Créteil, France
- Centre Expert de Pathologie Neuromusculaire/Histologie, Département de Pathologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Sabine Kaya
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wim Terryn
- Department of Nephrology, Jan Yperman Hospital, Ieper, Belgium
| | - Steven Callens
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bernard Depypere
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Van Dorpe
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruce Poppe
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Francis Impens
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Proteomics Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Noboru Mizushima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Christel Depienne
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, CNRS-UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Isabelle Jéru
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Department of Medical Genetics, DMU BioGeM, Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Bart Dermaut
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao JY, Yuan XK, Luo RZ, Wang LX, Gu W, Yamane D, Feng H. Phospholipase A and acyltransferase 4/retinoic acid receptor responder 3 at the intersection of tumor suppression and pathogen restriction. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1107239. [PMID: 37063830 PMCID: PMC10102619 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1107239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase A and acyltransferase (PLAAT) 4 is a class II tumor suppressor with phospholipid metabolizing abilities. It was characterized in late 2000s, and has since been referred to as ‘tazarotene-induced gene 3’ (TIG3) or ‘retinoic acid receptor responder 3’ (RARRES3) as a key downstream effector of retinoic acid signaling. Two decades of research have revealed the complexity of its function and regulatory roles in suppressing tumorigenesis. However, more recent findings have also identified PLAAT4 as a key anti-microbial effector enzyme acting downstream of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) and interferons (IFNs), favoring protection from virus and parasite infections. Unveiling the molecular mechanisms underlying its action may thus open new therapeutic avenues for the treatment of both cancer and infectious diseases. Herein, we aim to summarize a brief history of PLAAT4 discovery, its transcriptional regulation, and the potential mechanisms in tumor prevention and anti-pathogen defense, and discuss potential future directions of PLAAT4 research toward the development of therapeutic approaches targeting this enzyme with pleiotropic functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yong Zhao
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Xiang-Kun Yuan
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Rui-Zhen Luo
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Li-Xin Wang
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Gu
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daisuke Yamane
- Department of Diseases and Infection, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hui Feng, ; Daisuke Yamane,
| | - Hui Feng
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Feng, ; Daisuke Yamane,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen YN, Shih CY, Guo SL, Liu CY, Shen MH, Chang SC, Ku WC, Huang CC, Huang CJ. Potential prognostic and predictive value of UBE2N, IMPDH1, DYNC1LI1 and HRASLS2 in colorectal cancer stool specimens. Biomed Rep 2023; 18:22. [PMID: 36846616 PMCID: PMC9945078 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common gastrointestinal malignancy worldwide. The poor specificity and sensitivity of the fecal occult blood test has prompted the development of CRC-related genetic markers for CRC screening and treatment. Gene expression profiles in stool specimens are effective, sensitive and clinically applicable. Herein, a novel advantage of using cells shed from the colon is presented for cost-effective CRC screening. Molecular panels were generated through a series of leave-one-out cross-validation and discriminant analyses. A logistic regression model following reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry was used to validate a specific panel for CRC prediction. The panel, consisting of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N (UBE2N), inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 (IMPDH1), dynein cytoplasmic 1 light intermediate chain 1 (DYNC1LI1) and phospholipase A and acyltransferase 2 (HRASLS2), accurately recognized patients with CRC and could thus be further investigated as a potential prognostic and predictive biomarker for CRC. UBE2N, IMPDH1 and DYNC1LI1 expression levels were upregulated and HRASLS2 expression was downregulated in CRC tissues. The predictive power of the panel was 96.6% [95% confidence interval (CI), 88.1-99.6%] sensitivity and 89.7% (95% CI, 72.6-97.8%) specificity at a predicted cut-off value at 0.540, suggesting that this four-gene panel testing of stool specimens can faithfully mirror the state of the colon. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that screening for CRC or cancer detection in stool specimens collected non-invasively does not require the inclusion of an excessive number of genes, and colonic defects can be identified via the detection of an aberrant protein in the mucosa or submucosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Nung Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Yen Shih
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei 22174, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Lin Guo
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan, R.O.C,Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Yi Liu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Division of Pathology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City 22174, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Hung Shen
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Surgery, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei 24352, Taiwan, R.O.C.,PhD Program in Nutrition and Food Science, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Chang Chang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Chi Ku
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Cheng Huang
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10090, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Correspondence to: Dr Chi-Cheng Huang, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Section 2, Shipai Road, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Chi-Jung Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Correspondence to: Dr Chi-Cheng Huang, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Section 2, Shipai Road, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mock ED, Gagestein B, van der Stelt M. Anandamide and other N-acylethanolamines: A class of signaling lipids with therapeutic opportunities. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 89:101194. [PMID: 36150527 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), including N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA), N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA), N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA, anandamide), N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine (DHEA, synaptamide) and their oxygenated metabolites are a lipid messenger family with numerous functions in health and disease, including inflammation, anxiety and energy metabolism. The NAEs exert their signaling role through activation of various G protein-coupled receptors (cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, GPR55, GPR110, GPR119), ion channels (TRPV1) and nuclear receptors (PPAR-α and PPAR-γ) in the brain and periphery. The biological role of the oxygenated NAEs, such as prostamides, hydroxylated anandamide and DHEA derivatives, are less studied. Evidence is accumulating that NAEs and their oxidative metabolites may be aberrantly regulated or are associated with disease severity in obesity, metabolic syndrome, cancer, neuroinflammation and liver cirrhosis. Here, we comprehensively review NAE biosynthesis and degradation, their metabolism by lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases and cytochrome P450s and the biological functions of these signaling lipids. We discuss the latest findings and therapeutic potential of modulating endogenous NAE levels by inhibition of their degradation, which is currently under clinical evaluation for neuropsychiatric disorders. We also highlight NAE biosynthesis inhibition as an emerging topic with therapeutic opportunities in endocannabinoid and NAE signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elliot D Mock
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Berend Gagestein
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Assay of NAT Activity. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2576:213-224. [PMID: 36152189 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2728-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
In animal tissues, N-acyltransferase (NAT) catalyzes the first reaction in the biosynthetic pathway of bioactive N-acylethanolamines, in which an acyl chain is transferred from the sn-1 position of the donor phospholipid, such as phosphatidylcholine, to the amino group of phosphatidylethanolamine, resulting in the formation of N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine. NAT has long been known to be stimulated by Ca2+ and hence referred to as Ca2+-dependent NAT. Later, this enzyme was identified as cPLA2ε (also referred to as PLA2G4E). On the other hand, members of the phospholipase A/acyltransferase (PLAAT) family (also known as HRAS-like suppressor family) show Ca2+-independent NAT activity. In this chapter, we describe (1) partial purification of Ca2+-dependent NAT from rat brain, (2) purification of recombinant cPLA2ε and PLAAT-2, and (3) NAT assay using radiolabeled substrate.
Collapse
|
6
|
Wehlin A, Cornaciu I, Marquez JA, Perrakis A, von Castelmur E. Crystal structure of the phospholipase A and acyltransferase 4 (PLAAT4) catalytic domain. J Struct Biol 2022; 214:107903. [PMID: 36210037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2022.107903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase A and Acyltransferase 4 (PLAAT4) is a class II tumor suppressor, that also plays a role as a restrictor of intracellular Toxoplasma gondii infection through restriction of parasitic vacuole size. The catalytic N-terminal domain (NTD) interacts with the C-terminal domain (CTD), which is important for sub-cellular targeting and enzymatic function. The dynamics of the NTD main (L1) loop and the L2(B6) loop adjacent to the active site, have been shown to be important regulators of enzymatic activity. Here, we present the crystal structure of PLAAT4 NTD, determined from severely intergrown crystals using automated, laser-based crystal harvesting and data reduction technologies. The structure showed the L1 loop in two distinct conformations, highlighting a complex network of interactions likely influencing its conformational flexibility. Ensemble refinement of the crystal structure recapitulates the major correlated motions observed in solution by NMR. Our analysis offers useful insights on millisecond dynamics based on the crystal structure, complementing NMR studies which preclude structural information at this time scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wehlin
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Irina Cornaciu
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 71 Avenue des Martyres, 38000 Grenoble, France; ALPX S.A.S. 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - José Antonio Marquez
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 71 Avenue des Martyres, 38000 Grenoble, France; ALPX S.A.S. 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Anastassis Perrakis
- Department of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, the Netherlands
| | - Eleonore von Castelmur
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Sweden; Department of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
PLAAT1 Exhibits Phosphatidylcholine:Monolysocardiolipin Transacylase Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126714. [PMID: 35743156 PMCID: PMC9224490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-specific cardiolipin fatty acyl profiles are achieved by remodeling of de novo synthesized cardiolipin, and four remodeling enzymes have thus far been identified. We studied the enzyme phospholipase A and acyltransferase 1 (PLAAT1), and we report the discovery that it has phosphatidylcholine (PC):monolysocardiolipin (MLCL) transacylase activity. Subcellular localization was analyzed by differential centrifugation and immunoblotting. Total levels of major phospholipids, and the fatty acyl profile of cardiolipin, were analyzed in HEK293 cells expressing murine PLAAT1 using gas chromatography. Apparent enzyme kinetics of affinity-purified PLAAT1 were calculated using radiochemical enzyme assays. This enzyme was found to localize predominantly to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but was detected at low levels in the mitochondria-associated ER matrix. Cells expressing PLAAT1 had higher levels of total cardiolipin, but not other phospholipids, and it was primarily enriched in the saturated fatty acids myristate, palmitate, and stearate, with quantitatively smaller increases in the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids linolenate, eicosatrienoate, and eicosapentanoate and the monounsaturated fatty acid erucate. Affinity-purified PLAAT1 did not catalyze the transacylation of MLCL using 1-palmitoyl-2-[14C]-linoleoyl-PC as an acyl donor. However, PLAAT1 had an apparent Vmax of 1.61 μmol/min/mg protein and Km of 126 μM using [9,10-3H]-distearoyl-PC as an acyl donor, and 0.61 μmol/min/mg protein and Km of 16 μM using [9,10-3H]-dioleoyl-PC. PLAAT1 is therefore a novel PC:MLCL transacylase.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao X, Huang W, Guo J, Ji N, Feng J, Shi Y, Chen K, Zou J. PLAAT1 promotes p53 degradation via autophagy-lysosome pathway in zebrafish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 125:48-53. [PMID: 35526800 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PLAAT1 belongs to the PLAAT family and plays regulatory roles in cell growth, tumor suppression and phospholipid metabolism. However, whether PLAAT1 is involved in p53 mediated signaling has not been investigated. Here, we report that PLAAT1 promotes degradation of p53 in zebrafish. We found that the plaat1 gene was constitutively expressed in tissues including liver, kidney, spleen, intestine, eye and brain, with relative higher expression levels detected in the brain and eye. Overexpression of plaat1 led to inhibition of p53 and tnfα mRNA expression. Furthermore, it was shown that PLAAT1 interacted with p53 to facilitate p53 degradation via autophagy-lysosome dependent pathway. Our work indicates that PLAAT1 is involved in the interplay between p53 mediated cellular responses and autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenji Huang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Ji
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kangyong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rinkenberger N, Abrams ME, Matta SK, Schoggins JW, Alto NM, Sibley LD. Over-expression screen of interferon-stimulated genes identifies RARRES3 as a restrictor of Toxoplasma gondii infection. eLife 2021; 10:73137. [PMID: 34871166 PMCID: PMC8789288 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an important human pathogen infecting an estimated one in three people worldwide. The cytokine interferon gamma (IFNγ) is induced during infection and is critical for restricting T. gondii growth in human cells. Growth restriction is presumed to be due to the induction of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) that are upregulated to protect the host from infection. Although there are hundreds of ISGs induced by IFNγ, their individual roles in restricting parasite growth in human cells remain somewhat elusive. To address this deficiency, we screened a library of 414 IFNγ induced ISGs to identify factors that impact T. gondii infection in human cells. In addition to IRF1, which likely acts through the induction of numerous downstream genes, we identified RARRES3 as a single factor that restricts T. gondii infection by inducing premature egress of the parasite in multiple human cell lines. Overall, while we successfully identified a novel IFNγ induced factor restricting T. gondii infection, the limited number of ISGs capable of restricting T. gondii infection when individually expressed suggests that IFNγ-mediated immunity to T. gondii infection is a complex, multifactorial process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Rinkenberger
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, United States
| | - Michael E Abrams
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Sumit K Matta
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, United States
| | - John W Schoggins
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Neal M Alto
- Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - L David Sibley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kron NS, Fieber LA. Co-expression analysis identifies neuro-inflammation as a driver of sensory neuron aging in Aplysia californica. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252647. [PMID: 34116561 PMCID: PMC8195618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging of the nervous system is typified by depressed metabolism, compromised proteostasis, and increased inflammation that results in cognitive impairment. Differential expression analysis is a popular technique for exploring the molecular underpinnings of neural aging, but technical drawbacks of the methodology often obscure larger expression patterns. Co-expression analysis offers a robust alternative that allows for identification of networks of genes and their putative central regulators. In an effort to expand upon previous work exploring neural aging in the marine model Aplysia californica, we used weighted gene correlation network analysis to identify co-expression networks in a targeted set of aging sensory neurons in these animals. We identified twelve modules, six of which were strongly positively or negatively associated with aging. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes analysis and investigation of central module transcripts identified signatures of metabolic impairment, increased reactive oxygen species, compromised proteostasis, disrupted signaling, and increased inflammation. Although modules with immune character were identified, there was no correlation between genes in Aplysia that increased in expression with aging and the orthologous genes in oyster displaying long-term increases in expression after a virus-like challenge. This suggests anti-viral response is not a driver of Aplysia sensory neuron aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. S. Kron
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - L. A. Fieber
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chatterjee SD, Zhou J, Dasgupta R, Cramer-Blok A, Timmer M, van der Stelt M, Ubbink M. Protein Dynamics Influence the Enzymatic Activity of Phospholipase A/Acyltransferases 3 and 4. Biochemistry 2021; 60:1178-1190. [PMID: 33749246 PMCID: PMC8154263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Phospholipase A/acyltransferase
3 (PLAAT3) and PLAAT4 are enzymes
involved in the synthesis of bioactive lipids. Despite sequential
and structural similarities, the two enzymes differ in activity and
specificity. The relation between the activity and dynamics of the
N-terminal domains of PLAAT3 and PLAAT4 was studied. PLAAT3 has a
much higher melting temperature and exhibits less nanosecond and millisecond
dynamics in the active site, in particular in loop L2(B6), as shown
by NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics calculations. Swapping
the L2(B6) loops between the two PLAAT enzymes results in strongly
increased phospholipase activity in PLAAT3 but no reduction in PLAAT4
activity, indicating that this loop contributes to the low activity
of PLAAT3. The results show that, despite structural similarity, protein
dynamics differ substantially between the PLAAT variants, which can
help to explain the activity and specificity differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Deep Chatterjee
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Juan Zhou
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rubin Dasgupta
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anneloes Cramer-Blok
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Monika Timmer
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marcellus Ubbink
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The rise and fall of anandamide: processes that control synthesis, degradation, and storage. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2753-2775. [PMID: 33713246 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Anandamide is an endocannabinoid derived from arachidonic acid-containing membrane lipids and has numerous biological functions. Its effects are primarily mediated by the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, and the vanilloid TRPV1 receptor. Anandamide is known to be involved in sleeping and eating patterns as well as pleasure enhancement and pain relief. This manuscript provides a review of anandamide synthesis, degradation, and storage and hence the homeostasis of the anandamide signaling system.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhou J, Mock ED, Al Ayed K, Di X, Kantae V, Burggraaff L, Stevens AF, Martella A, Mohr F, Jiang M, van der Wel T, Wendel TJ, Ofman TP, Tran Y, de Koster N, van Westen GJP, Hankemeier T, van der Stelt M. Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of α-Ketoamides as Inhibitors of the Phospholipase A and Acyltransferase Enzyme Family. J Med Chem 2020; 63:9340-9359. [PMID: 32787138 PMCID: PMC7498158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The phospholipase A and acyltransferase
(PLAAT) family of cysteine
hydrolases consists of five members, which are involved in the Ca2+-independent production of N-acylphosphatidylethanolamines
(NAPEs). NAPEs are lipid precursors for bioactive N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) that are involved in various physiological
processes such as food intake, pain, inflammation, stress, and anxiety.
Recently, we identified α-ketoamides as the first pan-active
PLAAT inhibitor scaffold that reduced arachidonic acid levels in PLAAT3-overexpressing
U2OS cells and in HepG2 cells. Here, we report the structure–activity
relationships of the α-ketoamide series using activity-based
protein profiling. This led to the identification of LEI-301, a nanomolar potent inhibitor for the PLAAT family members. LEI-301 reduced the NAE levels, including anandamide, in cells
overexpressing PLAAT2 or PLAAT5. Collectively, LEI-301 may help to dissect the physiological role of the PLAATs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elliot D Mock
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Karol Al Ayed
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Xinyu Di
- Department of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vasudev Kantae
- Department of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lindsey Burggraaff
- Department of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anna F Stevens
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Martella
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Mohr
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Wel
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tiemen J Wendel
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tim P Ofman
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Tran
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nicky de Koster
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard J P van Westen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Department of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lipoprotein N-Acylation in Staphylococcus aureus Is Catalyzed by a Two-Component Acyl Transferase System. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.01619-20. [PMID: 32723923 PMCID: PMC7387801 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01619-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it has long been known that S. aureus forms triacylated Lpps, a lack of homologs to known N-acylation genes found in Gram-negative bacteria has until now precluded identification of the genes responsible for this Lpp modification. Here, we demonstrate N-terminal Lpp acylation and chemotype conversion to the tri-acylated state is directed by a unique acyl transferase system encoded by two noncontiguous staphylococci genes (lnsAB). Since triacylated Lpps stimulate TLR2 more weakly than their diacylated counterparts, Lpp N-acylation is an important TLR2 immunoevasion factor for determining tolerance or nontolerance in niches such as in the skin microbiota. The discovery of the LnsAB system expands the known diversity of Lpp biosynthesis pathways and acyl transfer biochemistry in bacteria, advances our understanding of Lpp structural heterogeneity, and helps differentiate commensal and noncommensal microbiota. Bacterial lipoproteins (Lpps) are a class of membrane-associated proteins universally distributed among all bacteria. A characteristic N-terminal cysteine residue that is variably acylated anchors C-terminal globular domains to the extracellular surface, where they serve numerous roles, including in the capture and transport of essential nutrients. Lpps are also ligands for the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) family, a key component of the innate immune system tasked with bacterial recognition. While Lpp function is conserved in all prokaryotes, structural heterogeneity in the N-terminal acylation state is widespread among Firmicutes and can differ between otherwise closely related species. In this study, we identify a novel two-gene system that directs the synthesis of N-acylated Lpps in the commensal and opportunistic pathogen subset of staphylococci. The two genes, which we have named the lipoprotein N-acylation transferase system (Lns), bear no resemblance to previously characterized N-terminal Lpp tailoring enzymes. LnsA (SAOUHSC_00822) is an NlpC/P60 superfamily enzyme, whereas LnsB (SAOHSC_02761) has remote homology to the CAAX protease and bacteriocin-processing enzyme (CPBP) family. Both LnsA and LnsB are together necessary and alone sufficient for N-acylation in Staphylococcus aureus and convert the Lpp chemotype from diacyl to triacyl when heterologously expressed in Listeria monocytogenes. Acquisition of lnsAB decreases TLR2-mediated detection of S. aureus by nearly 10-fold and shifts the activated TLR2 complex from TLR2/6 to TLR2/1. LnsAB thus has a dual role in attenuating TLR2 signaling in addition to a broader role in bacterial cell envelope physiology.
Collapse
|
15
|
Basal expression of interferon regulatory factor 1 drives intrinsic hepatocyte resistance to multiple RNA viruses. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:1096-1104. [PMID: 30988429 PMCID: PMC6588457 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0425-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Current paradigms of cell intrinsic immunity to RNA viruses center on virus-triggered inducible antiviral responses initiated by RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) or Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and signal downstream through interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), transcription factors that induce synthesis of type I and type III interferons (IFNs)1. RNA viruses have evolved sophisticated strategies to disrupt these signaling pathways and evade elimination by cells, attesting to their importance2. Less attention has been paid how IRFs maintain basal levels of protection against viruses. Here, we depleted antiviral factors linked to RLR and TLR signaling in order to map critical host pathways restricting positive-strand RNA virus replication in immortalized hepatocytes and identified an unexpected role for IRF1. We show constitutively expressed IRF1 acts independently of MAVS, IRF3, and STAT1-dependent signaling to provide intrinsic antiviral protection in actinomycin D-treated cells. IRF1 localizes to the nucleus, where it maintains basal transcription of a suite of antiviral genes that protect against multiple pathogenic RNA viruses, including hepatitis A and C viruses (HAV and HCV), dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). Our findings reveal an unappreciated layer of hepatocyte intrinsic immunity to these positive-strand RNA viruses, and identify previously unrecognized antiviral effector genes.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhou J, Mock ED, Martella A, Kantae V, Di X, Burggraaff L, Baggelaar MP, Al-Ayed K, Bakker A, Florea BI, Grimm SH, den Dulk H, Li CT, Mulder L, Overkleeft HS, Hankemeier T, van Westen GJP, van der Stelt M. Activity-Based Protein Profiling Identifies α-Ketoamides as Inhibitors for Phospholipase A2 Group XVI. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:164-169. [PMID: 30620559 PMCID: PMC6379856 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase A2, group XVI (PLA2G16) is a thiol hydrolase from the HRASLS family that regulates lipolysis in adipose tissue and has been identified as a host factor enabling the cellular entry of picornaviruses. Chemical tools are essential to visualize and control PLA2G16 activity, but they have not been reported to date. Here, we show that MB064, which is a fluorescent lipase probe, also labels recombinant and endogenously expressed PLA2G16. Competitive activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) using MB064 enabled the discovery of α-ketoamides as the first selective PLA2G16 inhibitors. LEI110 was identified as a potent PLA2G16 inhibitor ( Ki = 20 nM) that reduces cellular arachidonic acid levels and oleic acid-induced lipolysis in human HepG2 cells. Gel-based ABPP and chemical proteomics showed that LEI110 is a selective pan-inhibitor of the HRASLS family of thiol hydrolases (i.e., PLA2G16, HRASLS2, RARRES3 and iNAT). Molecular dynamic simulations of LEI110 in the reported crystal structure of PLA2G16 provided insight in the potential ligand-protein interactions to explain its binding mode. In conclusion, we have developed the first selective inhibitor that can be used to study the cellular role of PLA2G16.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- Department
of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elliot D. Mock
- Department
of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Martella
- Department
of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vasudev Kantae
- Department
of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department
of Analytical BioSciences and Metabolomics, Leiden Academic Centre
for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Xinyu Di
- Department
of Analytical BioSciences and Metabolomics, Leiden Academic Centre
for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lindsey Burggraaff
- Department
of Computational Drug Discovery, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marc P. Baggelaar
- Department
of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Karol Al-Ayed
- Department
of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Bakker
- Department
of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bogdan I. Florea
- Department
of Bio-Organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian H. Grimm
- Department
of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans den Dulk
- Department
of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chun T. Li
- Department
of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Mulder
- Department
of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Department
of Bio-Organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Department
of Analytical BioSciences and Metabolomics, Leiden Academic Centre
for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard J. P. van Westen
- Department
of Computational Drug Discovery, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department
of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Weger BD, Gobet C, Yeung J, Martin E, Jimenez S, Betrisey B, Foata F, Berger B, Balvay A, Foussier A, Charpagne A, Boizet-Bonhoure B, Chou CJ, Naef F, Gachon F. The Mouse Microbiome Is Required for Sex-Specific Diurnal Rhythms of Gene Expression and Metabolism. Cell Metab 2019; 29:362-382.e8. [PMID: 30344015 PMCID: PMC6370974 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock and associated feeding rhythms have a profound impact on metabolism and the gut microbiome. To what extent microbiota reciprocally affect daily rhythms of physiology in the host remains elusive. Here, we analyzed transcriptome and metabolome profiles of male and female germ-free mice. While mRNA expression of circadian clock genes revealed subtle changes in liver, intestine, and white adipose tissue, germ-free mice showed considerably altered expression of genes associated with rhythmic physiology. Strikingly, the absence of the microbiome attenuated liver sexual dimorphism and sex-specific rhythmicity. The resulting feminization of male and masculinization of female germ-free animals is likely caused by altered sexual development and growth hormone secretion, associated with differential activation of xenobiotic receptors. This defines a novel mechanism by which the microbiome regulates host metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Weger
- Department of Diabetes and Circadian Rhythms, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cédric Gobet
- Department of Diabetes and Circadian Rhythms, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jake Yeung
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eva Martin
- Department of Diabetes and Circadian Rhythms, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Jimenez
- Department of Diabetes and Circadian Rhythms, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bertrand Betrisey
- Cellular Metabolism, Department of Cell Biology, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francis Foata
- Host-Microbe Interaction, Department of Gastro-Intestinal Health, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Berger
- Host-Microbe Interaction, Department of Gastro-Intestinal Health, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Balvay
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Anne Foussier
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Aline Charpagne
- Genomics, Department of Multi-Omics, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte Boizet-Bonhoure
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS-Université de Montpellier UMR9002, 34396 Montpellier, France
| | - Chieh Jason Chou
- Host-Microbe Interaction, Department of Gastro-Intestinal Health, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Felix Naef
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Gachon
- Department of Diabetes and Circadian Rhythms, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tsuboi K, Uyama T, Okamoto Y, Ueda N. Endocannabinoids and related N-acylethanolamines: biological activities and metabolism. Inflamm Regen 2018; 38:28. [PMID: 30288203 PMCID: PMC6166290 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-018-0086-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant Cannabis sativa contains cannabinoids represented by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, which exert psychoactivity and immunomodulation through cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, respectively, in animal tissues. Arachidonoylethanolamide (also referred to as anandamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) are well known as two major endogenous agonists of these receptors (termed "endocannabinoids") and show various cannabimimetic bioactivities. However, only 2-AG is a full agonist for CB1 and CB2 and mediates retrograde signals at the synapse, strongly suggesting that 2-AG is physiologically more important than anandamide. The metabolic pathways of these two endocannabinoids are completely different. 2-AG is mostly produced from inositol phospholipids via diacylglycerol by phospholipase C and diacylglycerol lipase and then degraded by monoacylglycerol lipase. On the other hand, anandamide is concomitantly produced with larger amounts of other N-acylethanolamines via N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs). Although this pathway consists of calcium-dependent N-acyltransferase and NAPE-hydrolyzing phospholipase D, recent studies revealed the involvement of several new enzymes. Quantitatively major N-acylethanolamines include palmitoylethanolamide and oleoylethanolamide, which do not bind to cannabinoid receptors but exert anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anorexic effects through receptors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. The biosynthesis of these non-endocannabinoid N-acylethanolamines rather than anandamide may be the primary significance of this pathway. Here, we provide an overview of the biological activities and metabolisms of endocannabinoids (2-AG and anandamide) and non-endocannabinoid N-acylethanolamines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhito Tsuboi
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793 Japan.,2Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192 Japan
| | - Toru Uyama
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793 Japan
| | - Yasuo Okamoto
- 2Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192 Japan
| | - Natsuo Ueda
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hussain Z, Uyama T, Kawai K, Binte Mustafiz SS, Tsuboi K, Araki N, Ueda N. Phosphatidylserine-stimulated production of N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamines by Ca 2+-dependent N-acyltransferase. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:493-502. [PMID: 29447909 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE) is known to be a precursor for various bioactive N-acylethanolamines including the endocannabinoid anandamide. NAPE is produced in mammals through the transfer of an acyl chain from certain glycerophospholipids to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) by Ca2+-dependent or -independent N-acyltransferases. The ε isoform of mouse cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2ε) was recently identified as a Ca2+-dependent N-acyltransferase (Ca-NAT). In the present study, we first showed that two isoforms of human cPLA2ε function as Ca-NAT. We next purified both mouse recombinant cPLA2ε and its two human orthologues to examine their catalytic properties. The enzyme absolutely required Ca2+ for its activity and the activity was enhanced by phosphatidylserine (PS). PS enhanced the activity 25-fold in the presence of 1 mM CaCl2 and lowered the EC50 value of Ca2+ >8-fold. Using a PS probe, we showed that cPLA2ε largely co-localizes with PS in plasma membrane and organelles involved in the endocytic pathway, further supporting the interaction of cPLA2ε with PS in living cells. Finally, we found that the Ca2+-ionophore ionomycin increased [14C]NAPE levels >10-fold in [14C]ethanolamine-labeled cPLA2ε-expressing cells while phospholipase A/acyltransferase-1, acting as a Ca2+-independent N-acyltransferase, was insensitive to ionomycin for full activity. In conclusion, PS potently stimulated the Ca2+-dependent activity and human cPLA2ε isoforms also functioned as Ca-NAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahir Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Toru Uyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Kawai
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhito Tsuboi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Araki
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Natsuo Ueda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Uyama T, Tsuboi K, Ueda N. An involvement of phospholipase A/acyltransferase family proteins in peroxisome regulation and plasmalogen metabolism. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:2745-2760. [PMID: 28796890 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The H-Ras-like suppressor (HRASLS) is a protein family consisting of five members in humans. Despite their discovery as tumor suppressors, we demonstrated that all these proteins are phospholipid-metabolizing enzymes, such as phospholipase (PL) A1 /A2 and acyltransferase. We thus proposed to rename HRASLS1-5 as PLA/acyltransferase (PLAAT)-1-5. Notably, PLAATs exhibit N-acyltransferase activity to biosynthesize N-acylated ethanolamine phospholipids, including N-acyl-plasmalogen, which serve as precursors of bioactive N-acylethanolamines. Furthermore, the overexpression of PLAAT-3 in animal cells causes disappearance of peroxisomes and a remarkable reduction in plasmalogen levels. This finding might be related to the inhibitory effect of PLAAT-3 on the chaperone activity of the peroxin PEX19. In this article, we will review our recent findings about PLAAT proteins, with special reference to their roles in peroxisome biogenesis and plasmalogen metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Uyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tsuboi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Natsuo Ueda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mammalian enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of N-acylethanolamines. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:1546-1561. [PMID: 28843504 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) are ethanolamides of long-chain fatty acids, including palmitoylethanolamide, oleoylethanolamide and anandamide. In animal tissues, NAEs are biosynthesized from membrane phospholipids. The classical "transacylation-phosphodiesterase" pathway proceeds via N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE), which involves the actions of two enzymes, NAPE-generating Ca2+-dependent N-acyltransferase (Ca-NAT) and NAPE-hydrolyzing phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD). Recent identification of Ca-NAT as Ɛ isoform of cytosolic phospholipase A2 enabled the further molecular biological approaches toward this enzyme. In addition, Ca2+-independent NAPE formation was shown to occur by N-acyltransferase activity of a group of proteins named phospholipase A/acyltransferases (PLAAT)-1-5. The analysis of NAPE-PLD-deficient mice confirmed that NAEs can be produced through multi-step pathways bypassing NAPE-PLD. The NAPE-PLD-independent pathways involved three members of the glycerophosphodiesterase (GDE) family (GDE1, GDE4 and GDE7) as well as α/β-hydrolase domain-containing protein (ABHD)4. In this review article, we will focus on recent progress made and latest insights in the enzymes involved in NAE synthesis and their further characterization.
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang H, Xu H, Xu T, Tan C, Jiang M, Chen Y, Hu X, Zhou J, Shen J, Qin R, Hu D, Huang Q, Wang M, Wang L, Duan D, Yan Y, Chen J. High expression of TIG3 predicts poor survival in patients with primary glioblastoma. Tumour Biol 2017. [PMID: 28639915 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317712135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
TIG3 (tazarotene-induced gene 3) has been reported to suppress the progression of several malignancies, where this gene is universally downregulated. However, the expression of TIG3 in primary glioblastoma and its relevance to patient's prognosis have not been elaborated. Thus, this study was aimed to evaluate TIG3 expression level in primary glioblastoma and investigate the prognostic value of TIG3 for patients. The Cancer Genome Atlas database was first utilized to analyze the expression and prognostic potential of TIG3 in 528 glioblastoma cases. Compared with control group, glioblastoma showed significantly elevated TIG3 expression (p < 0.001). Log-rank analysis revealed that higher expression of TIG3 was associated with shorter overall survival (358vs 383 days, p = 0.039). Furthermore, TIG3 protein expression detected by immunohistochemistry confirmed positive correlation of TIG3 expression and glioma grade and upregulation of TIG3 in our cohort of 101 primary glioblastoma patients compared to 16 normal brains. Finally, Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression analysis identified high TIG3 expression as an independent risk factor for overall survival of primary glioblastoma patients (overall survival, 10 vs 13 months, p = 0.033; hazard ratio = 1.542, p = 0.046). Together, this study indicated that increased expression of TIG3 in primary glioblastoma is a novel biomarker for predicting poor outcome of patients. We then hypothesize that TIG3 may function in a different pattern in glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Wang
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanchong Xu
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Xu
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Tan
- 2 Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Jiang
- 3 Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihong Chen
- 4 Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- 3 Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxu Zhou
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,5 Department of Neurosurgery, The 101th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, China
| | - Junyan Shen
- 3 Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Qin
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,6 Department of Neurosurgery, The 184th Hospital of PLA, Yingtan, China
| | - Daiyu Hu
- 3 Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qilin Huang
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wang
- 3 Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian Wang
- 3 Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongxia Duan
- 3 Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Yan
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juxiang Chen
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yamashita A, Hayashi Y, Matsumoto N, Nemoto-Sasaki Y, Koizumi T, Inagaki Y, Oka S, Tanikawa T, Sugiura T. Coenzyme-A-Independent Transacylation System; Possible Involvement of Phospholipase A2 in Transacylation. BIOLOGY 2017; 6:biology6020023. [PMID: 28358327 PMCID: PMC5485470 DOI: 10.3390/biology6020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The coenzyme A (CoA)-independent transacylation system catalyzes fatty acid transfer from phospholipids to lysophospholipids in the absence of cofactors such as CoA. It prefers to use C20 and C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid, which are esterified in the glycerophospholipid at the sn-2 position. This system can also acylate alkyl ether-linked lysophospholipids, is involved in the enrichment of arachidonic acid in alkyl ether-linked glycerophospholipids, and is critical for the metabolism of eicosanoids and platelet-activating factor. Despite their importance, the enzymes responsible for these reactions have yet to be identified. In this review, we describe the features of the Ca2+-independent, membrane-bound CoA-independent transacylation system and its selectivity for arachidonic acid. We also speculate on the involvement of phospholipase A2 in the CoA-independent transacylation reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yamashita
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Hayashi
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.
| | - Naoki Matsumoto
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.
| | - Yoko Nemoto-Sasaki
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.
| | - Takanori Koizumi
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Inagaki
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.
| | - Saori Oka
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.
| | - Takashi Tanikawa
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Sugiura
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li L, Liang S, Wasylishen AR, Zhang Y, Yang X, Zhou B, Shan L, Han X, Mu T, Wang G, Xiong S. PLA2G16 promotes osteosarcoma metastasis and drug resistance via the MAPK pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 7:18021-35. [PMID: 26933804 PMCID: PMC4951268 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of metastatic osteosarcoma is dismal and a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying disease progression is essential to improve treatment options and patient outcomes. We previously demonstrated Pla2g16 overexpression in mouse osteosarcoma contributes to metastasis phenotypes and increased expression of PLA2G16 is associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in human tumors. To further examine the mechanisms through which PLA2G16 contributes to human osteosarcoma metastasis and explore the potential of PLA2G16 as a therapeutic target in osteosarcoma, we generated a panel of human osteosarcoma cell lines expressing different levels of PLA2G16. The functional analyses of these cell lines demonstrated high levels of PLA2G16 expression increased osteosarcoma cell migration, invasion, clonogenic survival, and anchorage-independent colony formation. Importantly, this activity was dependent on the phospholipase activity of PLA2G16. Additionally, PLA2G16 overexpression decreased the sensitivity of cells to a panel of chemotherapeutic agents. Analysis of downstream pathways revealed the pro-metastasis functions of PLA2G16 were mediated through the MAPK pathway, as knockdown of PLA2G16 decreased ERK1/2 phosphorylation and pharmacological inhibition of MEK significantly repressed PLA2G16 mediated cell migration and clonogenic survival. Furthermore, PLA2G16 overexpression promoted xenograft tumor growth in vivo, and these tumors exhibit increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Lastly, the expression of PLA2G16 is strongly correlated with the increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation in human osteosarcoma samples, and the combined lesions are associated with reduced overall and metastasis-free survival. Collectively, these results demonstrate increased PLA2G16 expression activates the MAPK pathway to enhance osteosarcoma metastasis and may be a novel therapeutic target for these cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Dalian, China
| | - Shoulei Liang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Amanda R Wasylishen
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yanqin Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Dalian, China
| | - Xueli Yang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Dalian, China
| | - Bingzheng Zhou
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Dalian, China
| | - Luling Shan
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuxin Han
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianyang Mu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Dalian, China
| | - Guowen Wang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Shunbin Xiong
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Dalian, China.,Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Molecular Basis for Vitamin A Uptake and Storage in Vertebrates. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8110676. [PMID: 27792183 PMCID: PMC5133064 DOI: 10.3390/nu8110676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to store and distribute vitamin A inside the body is the main evolutionary adaptation that allows vertebrates to maintain retinoid functions during nutritional deficiencies and to acquire new metabolic pathways enabling light-independent production of 11-cis retinoids. These processes greatly depend on enzymes that esterify vitamin A as well as associated retinoid binding proteins. Although the significance of retinyl esters for vitamin A homeostasis is well established, until recently, the molecular basis for the retinol esterification enzymatic activity was unknown. In this review, we will look at retinoid absorption through the prism of current biochemical and structural studies on vitamin A esterifying enzymes. We describe molecular adaptations that enable retinoid storage and delineate mechanisms in which mutations found in selective proteins might influence vitamin A homeostasis in affected patients.
Collapse
|
26
|
Anderson AM, Ragan MA. Palmitoylation: a protein S-acylation with implications for breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2016; 2:16028. [PMID: 28721385 PMCID: PMC5515344 DOI: 10.1038/npjbcancer.2016.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein S-acylation is a reversible post-translational lipid modification that involves linkage of a fatty acid chain predominantly to a cysteine amino acid via a thioester bond. The fatty acid molecule is primarily palmitate, thus the term 'palmitoylation' is more commonly used. Palmitoylation has been found to modulate all stages of protein function including maturational processing, trafficking, membrane anchoring, signaling range and efficacy, and degradation. In breast cancer, palmitoylation has been shown to control the function of commonly dysregulated genes including estrogen receptors, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of receptors, and cancer stem cell markers. Importantly, palmitoylation is a critical factor controlling the formation of complexes at the plasma membrane involving tetraspanins, integrins, and gene products that are key to cell-cell communication. During metastasis, cancer cells enhance their metastatic capacity by interacting with stroma and immune cells. Although aberrant palmitoylation could contribute to tumor initiation and growth, its potential role in these cell-cell interactions is of particular interest, as it may provide mechanistic insight into metastasis, including cancer cell-driven immune modulation. Compelling evidence for a role for aberrant palmitoylation in breast cancer remains to be established. To this end, in this review we summarize emerging evidence and highlight pertinent knowledge gaps, suggesting directions for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Anderson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark A Ragan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hussain Z, Uyama T, Kawai K, Rahman IAS, Tsuboi K, Araki N, Ueda N. Comparative analyses of isoforms of the calcium-independent phosphatidylethanolamine N-acyltransferase PLAAT-1 in humans and mice. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:2051-2060. [PMID: 27623847 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m071290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
N-Acylphosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs) are a class of glycerophospholipids, which are known as precursors for different bioactive N-acylethanolamines. We previously reported that phospholipase A/acyltransferase-1 (PLAAT-1), which was originally found in mammals as a tumor suppressor, catalyzes N-acylation of phosphatidylethanolamines to form NAPEs. However, recent online database suggested the presence of an uncharacterized isoform of PLAAT-1 with an extra sequence at the N terminus. In the present study, we examined the occurrence, intracellular localization, and catalytic properties of this longer isoform, as well as the original shorter isoform from humans and mice. Our results showed that human tissues express the longer isoform but not the short isoform at all. In contrast, mice expressed both isoforms with different tissue distribution. Unlike the cytoplasmic localization of the shorter isoform, the long isoform was found in both cytoplasm and nucleus, inferring that the extra sequence harbors a nuclear localization signal. As assayed with purified proteins, neither isoform required calcium for full activity. Moreover, the overexpression of each isoform remarkably increased cellular NAPE levels. These results conclude that the new long isoform of PLAAT-1 is a calcium-independent N-acyltransferase existing in both cytoplasm and nucleus and suggest a possible formation of NAPEs in various membrane structures including nuclear membrane. J. Lipid Res 2016. 57: 2051-2060.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahir Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Toru Uyama
- Department of Biochemistry Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Kawai
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Iffat Ara Sonia Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tsuboi
- Department of Biochemistry Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Araki
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Natsuo Ueda
- Department of Biochemistry Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xu Y, Chen T, Liao D, Wu X, Zhong Y, Liu S, Yang H, Nie Y. The antitumor effect of TIG3 in liver cancer cells is involved in ERK1/2 inhibition. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11311-20. [PMID: 26951515 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4998-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tazarotene-induced gene 3 (TIG3) was first characterized in tazarotene-treated human keratinocytes and identified as a retinoic acid responder gene, an important mediator of antitumor effects by retinoids. In this study, we aim to investigate the inhibitory effect of TIG3 on the growth of liver cancer and explore its underlying mechanism. Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Hep3B cells were transfected with plasmid GV141 carrying full-length TIG3 complementary DNA (cDNA). The effects of TIG3 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration were determined in vitro. The suppressor effect of TIG3 on tumor growth was evaluated in vivo in a nude mouse HCC model. We observed that TIG3 expression is decreased in the Hep3B cell line as well as primary HCC tumors, and TIG3 expression inversely correlates with Ki-67 expression. Overexpression of TIG3 suppresses tumor growth in HCC both in vitro and in vivo via ERK1/2 inhibition by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation and migration. These findings identify TIG3 as an attractive therapeutic target for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Municipal's People Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou Medical University, 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 250 Changgang Dong Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Degui Liao
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 250 Changgang Dong Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Yun Zhong
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 250 Changgang Dong Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Yuqiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Municipal's People Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou Medical University, 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
In animal tissues, N-acyltransferase (NAT) catalyzes the first reaction in the biosynthetic pathway of bioactive N-acylethanolamines, in which an acyl chain is transferred from the sn-1 position of the donor phospholipid, such as phosphatidylcholine, to the amino group of phosphatidylethanolamine, resulting in the formation of N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine. NAT has long been known to be stimulated by Ca(2+), and hence it has been referred to as Ca(2+)-dependent NAT. On the other hand, members of the phospholipase A/acyltransferase (PLA/AT) family (also known as HRAS-like suppressor family) show Ca(2+)-independent NAT activity. In this chapter, we describe (1) partial purification of Ca(2+)-dependent NAT from rat brain, (2) purification of recombinant PLA/AT-2, and (3) NAT assay using radiolabeled substrate.
Collapse
|
30
|
Mardian EB, Bradley RM, Duncan RE. The HRASLS (PLA/AT) subfamily of enzymes. J Biomed Sci 2015; 22:99. [PMID: 26503625 PMCID: PMC4624172 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-015-0210-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The H-RAS-like suppressor (HRASLS) subfamily consists of five enzymes (1–5) in humans and three (1, 3, and 5) in mice and rats that share sequence homology with lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT). All HRASLS family members possess in vitro phospholipid metabolizing abilities including phospholipase A1/2 (PLA1/2) activities and O-acyltransferase activities for the remodeling of glycerophospholipid acyl chains, as well as N-acyltransferase activities for the production of N-acylphosphatidylethanolamines. The in vivo biological activities of the HRASLS enzymes have not yet been fully investigated. Research to date indicates involvement of this subfamily in a wide array of biological processes and, as a consequence, these five enzymes have undergone extensive rediscovery and renaming within different fields of research. This review briefly describes the discovery of each of the HRASLS enzymes and their role in cancer, and discusses the biochemical function of each enzyme, as well as the biological role, if known. Gaps in current understanding are highlighted and suggestions for future research directions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily B Mardian
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, BMH 2415, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Ryan M Bradley
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, BMH 2415, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Robin E Duncan
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, BMH 1110, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tsai FM, Chen ML, Wang LK, Lee MC. H-rev107 Regulates Cytochrome P450 Reductase Activity and Increases Lipid Accumulation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138586. [PMID: 26381418 PMCID: PMC4575093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
H-rev107 is a member of the HREV107 type II tumor suppressor gene family and acts as a phospholipase to catalyze the release of fatty acids from glycerophospholipid. H-rev107 has been shown to play an important role in fat metabolism in adipocytes through the PGE2/cAMP pathway, but the detailed molecular mechanism underlying H-rev107-mediated lipid degradation has not been studied. In this study, the interaction between H-rev107 and cytochrome P450 reductase (POR), which is involved in hepatic lipid content regulation, was determined by yeast two-hybrid screen and confirmed by using in vitro pull down assays and immunofluorescent staining. The expression of POR in H-rev107-expressing cells enhanced the H-rev107-mediated release of arachidonic acid. However, H-rev107 inhibited POR activity and relieved POR-mediated decreased triglyceride content in HtTA and HeLa cervical cells. The inhibitory effect of H-rev107 will be abolished when POR-expressing cells transfected with PLA2-lacking pH-rev107 or treated with PLA2 inhibitor. Silencing of H-rev107 using siRNA resulted in increased glycerol production and reversion of free fatty acid-mediated growth suppression in Huh7 hepatic cells. In summary, our results revealed that H-rev107 is also involved in lipid accumulation in liver cells through the POR pathway via its PLA2 activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Ming Tsai
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzuchi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzuchi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Mao-Liang Chen
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzuchi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzuchi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Kai Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Lee
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzuchi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzuchi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Uyama T, Kawai K, Kono N, Watanabe M, Tsuboi K, Inoue T, Araki N, Arai H, Ueda N. Interaction of Phospholipase A/Acyltransferase-3 with Pex19p: A POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT IN THE DOWN-REGULATION OF PEROXISOMES. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:17520-34. [PMID: 26018079 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.635433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase A/acyltransferase (PLA/AT)-3 (also known as H-rev107 or AdPLA) was originally isolated as a tumor suppressor and was later shown to have phospholipase A1/A2 activity. We have also found that the overexpression of PLA/AT-3 in mammalian cells results in specific disappearance of peroxisomes. However, its molecular mechanism remained unclear. In the present study, we first established a HEK293 cell line, which stably expresses a fluorescent peroxisome marker protein (DsRed2-Peroxi) and expresses PLA/AT-3 in a tetracycline-dependent manner. The treatment with tetracycline, as expected, caused disappearance of peroxisomes within 24 h, as revealed by diffuse signals of DsRed2-Peroxi and a remarkable decrease in a peroxisomal membrane protein, PMP70. A time-dependent decrease in ether-type lipid levels was also seen. Because the activation of LC3, a marker of autophagy, was not observed, the involvement of autophagy was unlikely. Among various peroxins responsible for peroxisome biogenesis, Pex19p functions as a chaperone protein for the transportation of peroxisomal membrane proteins. Immunoprecipitation analysis showed that PLA/AT-3 binds to Pex19p through its N-terminal proline-rich and C-terminal hydrophobic domains. The protein level and enzyme activity of PLA/AT-3 were increased by its coexpression with Pex19p. Moreover, PLA/AT-3 inhibited the binding of Pex19 to peroxisomal membrane proteins, such as Pex3p and Pex11βp. A catalytically inactive point mutant of PLA/AT-3 could bind to Pex19p but did not inhibit the chaperone activity of Pex19p. Altogether, these results suggest a novel regulatory mechanism for peroxisome biogenesis through the interaction between Pex19p and PLA/AT-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Uyama
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and
| | - Katsuhisa Kawai
- Histology and Cell Biology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kono
- the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masahiro Watanabe
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Kagawa University Hospital, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan, and
| | | | - Tomohito Inoue
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shikoku Medical Center for Children and Adults, Zentsuji, Kagawa 765-0001, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Araki
- Histology and Cell Biology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wei H, Wang L, Ren X, Yu W, Lin J, Jin C, Xia B. Structural and functional characterization of tumor suppressors TIG3 and H-REV107. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:1179-86. [PMID: 25871522 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
H-REV107-like family proteins TIG3 and H-REV107 are class II tumor suppressors. Here we report that the C-terminal domains (CTDs) of TIG3 and H-REV107 can induce HeLa cell death independently. The N-terminal domain (NTD) of TIG3 enhances the cell death inducing ability of CTD, while NTD of H-REV107 plays an inhibitory role. The solution structure of TIG3 NTD is very similar to that of H-REV107 in overall fold. However, the CTD binding regions on NTD are different between TIG3 and H-REV107, which may explain their functional difference. As a result, the flexible main loop of H-REV107, but not that of TIG3, is critical for its NTD to modulate its CTD in inducing cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hejia Wei
- Beijing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Beijing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaobai Ren
- Beijing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenyu Yu
- Beijing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Beijing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Changwen Jin
- Beijing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Beijing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lee HC, Simon GM, Cravatt BF. ABHD4 regulates multiple classes of N-acyl phospholipids in the mammalian central nervous system. Biochemistry 2015; 54:2539-49. [PMID: 25853435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
N-Acyl phospholipids are atypical components of cell membranes that bear three acyl chains and serve as potential biosynthetic precursors for lipid mediators such as endocannabinoids. Biochemical studies have implicated ABHD4 as a brain N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE) lipase, but in vivo evidence for this functional assignment is lacking. Here, we describe ABHD4(-/-) mice and their characterization using untargeted lipidomics to discover that ABHD4 regulates multiple classes of brain N-acyl phospholipids. In addition to showing reductions in brain glycerophospho-NAEs (GP-NAEs) and plasmalogen-based lyso-NAPEs (lyso-pNAPEs), ABHD4(-/-) mice exhibited decreases in a distinct set of brain lipids that were structurally characterized as N-acyl lysophosphatidylserines (lyso-NAPSs). Biochemical assays confirmed that NAPS lipids are direct substrates of ABHD4. These findings, taken together, designate ABHD4 as a principal regulator of N-acyl phospholipid metabolism in the mammalian nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Cheol Lee
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Gabriel M Simon
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Morales M, Arenas EJ, Urosevic J, Guiu M, Fernández E, Planet E, Fenwick RB, Fernández-Ruiz S, Salvatella X, Reverter D, Carracedo A, Massagué J, Gomis RR. RARRES3 suppresses breast cancer lung metastasis by regulating adhesion and differentiation. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 6:865-81. [PMID: 24867881 PMCID: PMC4119352 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201303675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer patients, metastatic relapse usually occurs in the lung and is responsible for the fatal outcome of the disease. Thus, a better understanding of the biology of metastasis is needed. In particular, biomarkers to identify patients that are at risk of lung metastasis could open the avenue for new therapeutic opportunities. Here we characterize the biological activity of RARRES3, a new metastasis suppressor gene whose reduced expression in the primary breast tumors identifies a subgroup of patients more likely to develop lung metastasis. We show that RARRES3 downregulation engages metastasis-initiating capabilities by facilitating adhesion of the tumor cells to the lung parenchyma. In addition, impaired tumor cell differentiation due to the loss of RARRES3 phospholipase A1/A2 activity also contributes to lung metastasis. Our results establish RARRES3 downregulation as a potential biomarker to identify patients at high risk of lung metastasis who might benefit from a differentiation treatment in the adjuvant programme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mònica Morales
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique J Arenas
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jelena Urosevic
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Guiu
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Fernández
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Evarist Planet
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert Bryn Fenwick
- Joint BSC-IRB Research Programme in Computational Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Xavier Salvatella
- Joint BSC-IRB Research Programme in Computational Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Reverter
- Departament de Bioquímica i de Biologia Molecular, Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- CIC bioGUNE Bizkaia Tecnology park, Derio, Spain Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Joan Massagué
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Roger R Gomis
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Golczak M, Sears AE, Kiser PD, Palczewski K. LRAT-specific domain facilitates vitamin A metabolism by domain swapping in HRASLS3. Nat Chem Biol 2015; 11:26-32. [PMID: 25383759 PMCID: PMC4270908 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cellular uptake of vitamin A, production of visual chromophore and triglyceride homeostasis in adipocytes depend on two representatives of the vertebrate N1pC/P60 protein family, lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) and HRAS-like tumor suppressor 3 (HRASLS3). Both proteins function as lipid-metabolizing enzymes but differ in their substrate preferences and dominant catalytic activity. The mechanism of this catalytic diversity is not understood. Here, by using a gain-of-function approach, we identified a specific sequence responsible for the substrate specificity of N1pC/P60 proteins. A 2.2-Å crystal structure of the HRASLS3-LRAT chimeric enzyme in a thioester catalytic intermediate state revealed a major structural rearrangement accompanied by three-dimensional domain swapping dimerization not observed in native HRASLS proteins. Structural changes affecting the active site environment contributed to slower hydrolysis of the catalytic intermediate, supporting efficient acyl transfer. These findings reveal structural adaptation that facilitates selective catalysis and mechanism responsible for diverse substrate specificity within the LRAT-like enzyme family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Golczak
- Department of Pharmacology, Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Avery E. Sears
- Department of Pharmacology, Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Philip D. Kiser
- Department of Pharmacology, Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Krzysztof Palczewski
- Department of Pharmacology, Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Involvement of RARRES3 in the regulation of Wnt proteins acylation and signaling activities in human breast cancer cells. Cell Death Differ 2014; 22:801-14. [PMID: 25361079 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has emerged as a key regulator of complex biological processes, such as embryonic development, cell proliferation, cell fate decision and tumorigenesis. Recent studies have shown that the deregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is frequently observed and leads to abnormal cell growth in human breast cancer cells. In this study, we identified a novel regulatory mechanism of Wnt/β-catenin signaling through RARRES3 that targets and modulates the acylation status of Wnt proteins and co-receptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6, resulting in the suppression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell properties. Mutation of the conserved active site residues of RARRES3 indicates that RARRES3 serves as an acyl protein thioesterase that tethers its target proteins and modulates their acylation status. Furthermore, the functions of p53 in cell proliferation and Wnt/β-catenin signaling are significantly associated with the induction of RARRES3. Thus our findings provide a new insight into the molecular link between p53, protein acylation and Wnt/β-catenin signaling whereby RARRES3 plays a pivotal role in modulating the acylation status of signaling proteins.
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang CH, Shyu RY, Wu CC, Tsai TC, Wang LK, Chen ML, Jiang SY, Tsai FM. Phospholipase A/Acyltransferase enzyme activity of H-rev107 inhibits the H-RAS signaling pathway. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:36. [PMID: 24884338 PMCID: PMC4012743 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-21-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND H-rev107, also called HRASLS3 or PLA2G16, is a member of the HREV107 type II tumor suppressor gene family. Previous studies showed that H-rev107 exhibits phospholipase A/acyltransferase (PLA/AT) activity and downregulates H-RAS expression. However, the mode of action and the site of inhibition of H-RAS by H-rev107 are still unknown. RESULTS Our results indicate that H-rev107 was co-precipitated with H-RAS and downregulated the levels of activated RAS (RAS-GTP) and ELK1-mediated transactivation in epidermal growth factor-stimulated and H-RAS-cotransfected HtTA cervical cancer cells. Furthermore, an acyl-biotin exchange assay demonstrated that H-rev107 reduced H-RAS palmitoylation. H-rev107 has been shown to be a PLA/AT that is involved in phospholipid metabolism. Treating cells with the PLA/AT inhibitor arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (AACOCF3) or methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphate (MAFP) alleviated H-rev107-induced downregulation of the levels of acylated H-RAS. AACOCF3 and MAFP also increased activated RAS and ELK1-mediated transactivation in H-rev107-expressing HtTA cells following their treatment with epidermal growth factor. In contrast, treating cells with the acyl-protein thioesterase inhibitor palmostatin B enhanced H-rev107-mediated downregulation of acylated H-RAS in H-rev107-expressing cells. Palmostatin B had no effect on H-rev107-induced suppression of RAS-GTP levels or ELK1-mediated transactivation. These results suggest that H-rev107 decreases H-RAS activity through its PLA/AT activity to modulate H-RAS acylation. CONCLUSIONS We made the novel observation that H-rev107 decrease in the steady state levels of H-RAS palmitoylation through the phospholipase A/acyltransferase activity. H-rev107 is likely to suppress activation of the RAS signaling pathway by reducing the levels of palmitoylated H-RAS, which decreases the levels of GTP-bound H-RAS and also the activation of downstream molecules. Our study further suggests that the PLA/AT activity of H-rev107 may play an important role in H-rev107-mediated RAS suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fu-Ming Tsai
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzuchi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzuchi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rahman IAS, Tsuboi K, Uyama T, Ueda N. New players in the fatty acyl ethanolamide metabolism. Pharmacol Res 2014; 86:1-10. [PMID: 24747663 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acyl ethanolamides represent a class of endogenous bioactive lipid molecules and are generally referred to as N-acylethanolamines (NAEs). NAEs include palmitoylethanolamide (anti-inflammatory and analgesic substance), oleoylethanolamide (anorexic substance), and anandamide (endocannabinoid). The endogenous levels of NAEs are mainly regulated by enzymes responsible for their biosynthesis and degradation. In mammalian tissues, the major biosynthetic pathway starts from glycerophospholipids and is composed of two enzyme reactions. The first step is N-acylation of ethanolamine phospholipids catalyzed by Ca(2+)-dependent N-acyltransferase and the second step is the release of NAEs from N-acylated ethanolamine phospholipids by N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE)-hydrolyzing phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD). As for the degradation of NAEs, fatty acid amide hydrolase plays the central role. However, recent studies strongly suggest the involvement of other enzymes in the NAE metabolism. These enzymes include members of the HRAS-like suppressor family (also called phospholipase A/acyltransferase family), which were originally discovered as tumor suppressors but can function as Ca(2+)-independent NAPE-forming N-acyltransferases; multiple enzymes involved in the NAPE-PLD-independent multi-step pathways to generate NAE from NAPE, which came to light by the analysis of NAPE-PLD-deficient mice; and a lysosomal NAE-hydrolyzing acid amidase as a second NAE hydrolase. These newly recognized enzymes may become the targets for the development of new therapeutic drugs. Here, we focus on recent enzymological findings in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iffat Ara Sonia Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tsuboi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Toru Uyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Natsuo Ueda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gender differences of B cell signature in healthy subjects underlie disparities in incidence and course of SLE related to estrogen. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:814598. [PMID: 24741625 PMCID: PMC3987971 DOI: 10.1155/2014/814598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate mechanism of the gender differences of B cells. The results showed that 358 differential gene expressions (DEGs) were displayed between healthy females and males. Compared with male, 226 and 132 genes were found to be up- and downregulated in the female. 116 genes displayed possible correlation with estrogen. Moreover, the upregulated DEGs (Cav1, CD200R1, TNFRSF17, and CXCR3) and downregulated DEGs (EIF1AY and DDX3Y) in healthy female may be involved in gender predominance of some immune diseases. Furthermore, signaling pathway analysis for estrogen-relevant DEGs showed that only 26 genes were downregulated in SLE female versus SLE male, of which expressions of 8 genes had significant difference between SLE females and SLE males but are having nonsignificant difference between healthy females and healthy males. Except for the 5 Y-chromosome-related genes or varients, only 3 DEGs (LTF, CAMP, and DEFA4) were selected and qRT-PCR confirmed that the expressions of LTF and CAMP decreased significantly in B cells from female SLE patients. These data indicated that the gender differences were existent in global gene expression of B cells and the difference may be related to estrogen.
Collapse
|
41
|
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Krzysztof Palczewski
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case
Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4965,
United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Acyltransferases and transacylases that determine the fatty acid composition of glycerolipids and the metabolism of bioactive lipid mediators in mammalian cells and model organisms. Prog Lipid Res 2014; 53:18-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
43
|
Scharadin TM, Adhikary G, Shaw K, Grun DJB, Xu W, Eckert RL. Pericentrosomal localization of the TIG3 tumor suppressor requires an N-terminal hydrophilic region motif. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 134:1220-1229. [PMID: 24401997 PMCID: PMC3989452 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tazarotene-induced gene 3 (TIG3) is a tumor suppressor protein that has a key role in controlling cell proliferation. TIG3 is observed at reduced levels in epidermal squamous cell carcinoma, and the restoration of expression in skin cancer cells reduces cell survival. TIG3 suppresses cell survival through mechanisms that involve localization at the plasma membrane and at the centrosome. TIG3 interacts at the plasma membrane to activate enzymes involved in keratinocyte terminal differentiation, and at the centrosome to inhibit daughter centrosome separation during mitosis leading to cessation of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. An important goal is identifying the motifs required for TIG3 localization at these intracellular sites as a method to understand the function of TIG3 at each location. TIG3 encodes an N-terminal hydrophilic region (amino acids 1-135) and a C-terminal membrane-anchoring domain (amino acids 135-164). We show that the C-terminal hydrophobic domain targets intact TIG3 to the plasma membrane, but when isolated as an independent element localizes at the mitochondria. We further demonstrate that a segment of the N-terminal hydrophilic region targets the centrosome. These studies provide important insights regarding the mechanisms that guide subcellular localization of this keratinocyte survival regulator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany M Scharadin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gautam Adhikary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristin Shaw
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dan J B Grun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard L Eckert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Uyama T, Inoue M, Okamoto Y, Shinohara N, Tai T, Tsuboi K, Inoue T, Tokumura A, Ueda N. Involvement of phospholipase A/acyltransferase-1 in N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine generation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:1690-701. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
45
|
O'Byrne SM, Blaner WS. Retinol and retinyl esters: biochemistry and physiology. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:1731-43. [PMID: 23625372 PMCID: PMC3679378 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r037648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
By definition, a vitamin is a substance that must be obtained regularly from the diet. Vitamin A must be acquired from the diet, but unlike most vitamins, it can also be stored within the body in relatively high levels. For humans living in developed nations or animals living in present-day vivariums, stored vitamin A concentrations can become relatively high, reaching levels that can protect against the adverse effects of insufficient vitamin A dietary intake for six months, or even much longer. The ability to accumulate vitamin A stores lessens the need for routinely consuming vitamin A in the diet, and this provides a selective advantage to the organism. The molecular processes that underlie this selective advantage include efficient mechanisms to acquire vitamin A from the diet, efficient and overlapping mechanisms for the transport of vitamin A in the circulation, a specific mechanism allowing for vitamin A storage, and a mechanism for mobilizing vitamin A from these stores in response to tissue needs. These processes are considered in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheila M. O'Byrne
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - William S. Blaner
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Shyu RY, Wu CC, Wang CH, Tsai TC, Wang LK, Chen ML, Jiang SY, Tsai FM. H-rev107 regulates prostaglandin D2 synthase-mediated suppression of cellular invasion in testicular cancer cells. J Biomed Sci 2013; 20:30. [PMID: 23687991 PMCID: PMC3669107 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-20-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background H-rev107 is a member of the HREV107 type II tumor suppressor gene family which includes H-REV107, RIG1, and HRASLS. H-REV107 has been shown to express at high levels in differentiated tissues of post-meiotic testicular germ cells. Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is conjectured to induce SRY-related high-mobility group box 9 (SOX9) expression and subsequent Sertoli cell differentiation. To date, the function of H-rev107 in differentiated testicular cells has not been well defined. Results In the study, we found that H-rev107 was co-localized with prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS) and enhanced the activity of PTGDS, resulting in increase of PGD2 production in testis cells. Furthermore, when H-rev107 was expressed in human NT2/D1 testicular cancer cells, cell migration and invasion were inhibited. Also, silencing of PTGDS would reduce H-rev107-mediated increase in PGD2, cAMP, and SOX9. Silencing of PTGDS or SOX9 also alleviated H-rev107-mediated suppression of cell migration and invasion. Conclusions These results revealed that H-rev107, through PTGDS, suppressed cell migration and invasion. Our data suggest that the PGD2-cAMP-SOX9 signal pathway might play an important role in H-rev107-mediated cancer cell invasion in testes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Yaun Shyu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital Taipei Branch, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ueda N, Tsuboi K, Uyama T. Metabolism of endocannabinoids and related N-acylethanolamines: canonical and alternative pathways. FEBS J 2013; 280:1874-94. [PMID: 23425575 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids are endogenous ligands of the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. Two arachidonic acid derivatives, arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, are considered to be physiologically important endocannabinoids. In the known metabolic pathway in mammals, anandamide and other bioactive N-acylethanolamines, such as palmitoylethanolamide and oleoylethanolamide, are biosynthesized from glycerophospholipids by a combination of Ca(2+)-dependent N-acyltransferase and N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D, and are degraded by fatty acid amide hydrolase. However, recent studies have shown the involvement of other enzymes and pathways, which include the members of the tumor suppressor HRASLS family (the phospholipase A/acyltransferase family) functioning as Ca(2+)-independent N-acyltransferases, N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-hydrolyzing phospholipaseD-independent multistep pathways via N-acylated lysophospholipid, and N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase, a lysosomal enzyme that preferentially hydrolyzes palmitoylethanolamide. Although their physiological significance is poorly understood, these new enzymes/pathways may serve as novel targets for the development of therapeutic drugs. For example, selective N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase inhibitors are expected to be new anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs. In this minireview, we focus on advances in the understanding of these enzymes/pathways. In addition, recent findings on 2-arachidonoylglycerol metabolism are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natsuo Ueda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wang L, Yu W, Ren X, Lin J, Jin C, Xia B. 1H, 13C, and 15N resonance assignments of the N-terminal domain of human TIG3. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2012; 6:201-203. [PMID: 22290676 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-012-9357-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Human TIG3 protein is a member of H-REV107 protein family which belongs to the type II tumor suppressor family. TIG3 can induce apoptosis in cancer cells, and it also possesses Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A(1/2) activity. The NMR assignments of the N-terminal domain of TIG3 are essential for its solution structure determination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Beijing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wu CC, Shyu RY, Wang CH, Tsai TC, Wang LK, Chen ML, Jiang SY, Tsai FM. Involvement of the prostaglandin D2 signal pathway in retinoid-inducible gene 1 (RIG1)-mediated suppression of cell invasion in testis cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1823:2227-36. [PMID: 22960220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Retinoid-inducible gene 1 (RIG1), also called tazarotene-induced gene 3, belongs to the HREV107 gene family, which contains five members in humans. RIG1 is expressed in high levels in well-differentiated tissues, but its expression is decreased in cancer tissues and cancer cell lines. We found RIG1 to be highly expressed in testicular cells. When RIG1 was expressed in NT2/D1 testicular cancer cells, neither cell death nor cell viability was affected. However, RIG1 significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion in NT2/D1 cells. We found that prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS) interacted with RIG1 using yeast two-hybrid screens. Further, we found PTGDS to be co-localized with RIG1 in NT2/D1 testis cells. In RIG1-expressing cells, elevated levels of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), cAMP, and SRY-related high-mobility group box 9 (SOX9) were observed. This indicated that RIG1 can enhance PTGDS activity. Silencing of PTGDS expression significantly decreased RIG1-mediated cAMP and PGD2 production. Furthermore, silencing of PTGDS or SOX9 alleviated RIG1-mediated suppression of migration and invasion. These results suggest that RIG1 will suppress cell migration/invasion through the PGD2 signaling pathway. In conclusion, RIG1 can interact with PTGDS to enhance its function and to further suppress NT2/D1 cell migration and invasion. Our study suggests that RIG1-PGD2 signaling might play an important role in cancer cell suppression in the testis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Chieh Wu
- Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Pang XY, Cao J, Addington L, Lovell S, Battaile KP, Zhang N, Rao JLUM, Dennis EA, Moise AR. Structure/function relationships of adipose phospholipase A2 containing a cys-his-his catalytic triad. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:35260-35274. [PMID: 22923616 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.398859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose phospholipase A(2) (AdPLA or Group XVI PLA(2)) plays an important role in the onset of obesity by suppressing adipose tissue lipolysis. As a consequence, AdPLA-deficient mice are resistant to obesity induced by a high fat diet or leptin deficiency. It has been proposed that AdPLA mediates its antilipolytic effects by catalyzing the release of arachidonic acid. Based on sequence homology, AdPLA is part of a small family of acyltransferases and phospholipases related to lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT). To better understand the enzymatic mechanism of AdPLA and LRAT-related proteins, we solved the crystal structure of AdPLA. Our model indicates that AdPLA bears structural similarity to proteins from the NlpC/P60 family of cysteine proteases, having its secondary structure elements configured in a circular permutation of the classic papain fold. Using both structural and biochemical evidence, we demonstrate that the enzymatic activity of AdPLA is mediated by a distinctive Cys-His-His catalytic triad and that the C-terminal transmembrane domain of AdPLA is required for the interfacial catalysis. Analysis of the enzymatic activity of AdPLA toward synthetic and natural substrates indicates that AdPLA displays PLA(1) in addition to PLA(2) activity. Thus, our results provide insight into the enzymatic mechanism and biochemical properties of AdPLA and LRAT-related proteins and lead us to propose an alternate mechanism for AdPLA in promoting adipose tissue lipolysis that is not contingent on the release of arachidonic acid and that is compatible with its combined PLA(1)/A(2) activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Pang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Linsee Addington
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Scott Lovell
- Del Shankel Structural Biology Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Kevin P Battaile
- Industrial Macromolecular Crystallography Association Collaborative Access Team (IMCA-CAT), Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Na Zhang
- Del Shankel Structural Biology Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - J L Uma Maheswar Rao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Edward A Dennis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Alexander R Moise
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045.
| |
Collapse
|