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Briand-Mésange F, Gennero I, Salles J, Trudel S, Dahan L, Ausseil J, Payrastre B, Salles JP, Chap H. From Classical to Alternative Pathways of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol Synthesis: AlterAGs at the Crossroad of Endocannabinoid and Lysophospholipid Signaling. Molecules 2024; 29:3694. [PMID: 39125098 PMCID: PMC11314389 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is the most abundant endocannabinoid (EC), acting as a full agonist at both CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors. It is synthesized on demand in postsynaptic membranes through the sequential action of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase Cβ1 (PLCβ1) and diacylglycerol lipase α (DAGLα), contributing to retrograde signaling upon interaction with presynaptic CB1. However, 2-AG production might also involve various combinations of PLC and DAGL isoforms, as well as additional intracellular pathways implying other enzymes and substrates. Three other alternative pathways of 2-AG synthesis rest on the extracellular cleavage of 2-arachidonoyl-lysophospholipids by three different hydrolases: glycerophosphodiesterase 3 (GDE3), lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs), and two members of ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (ENPP6-7). We propose the names of AlterAG-1, -2, and -3 for three pathways sharing an ectocellular localization, allowing them to convert extracellular lysophospholipid mediators into 2-AG, thus inducing typical signaling switches between various G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). This implies the critical importance of the regioisomerism of both lysophospholipid (LPLs) and 2-AG, which is the object of deep analysis within this review. The precise functional roles of AlterAGs are still poorly understood and will require gene invalidation approaches, knowing that both 2-AG and its related lysophospholipids are involved in numerous aspects of physiology and pathology, including cancer, inflammation, immune defenses, obesity, bone development, neurodegeneration, or psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Briand-Mésange
- Infinity-Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, Paul Sabatier University, 31059 Toulouse, France; (F.B.-M.); (I.G.); (J.S.); (S.T.); (J.A.); (J.-P.S.)
| | - Isabelle Gennero
- Infinity-Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, Paul Sabatier University, 31059 Toulouse, France; (F.B.-M.); (I.G.); (J.S.); (S.T.); (J.A.); (J.-P.S.)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Service de Biochimie, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Juliette Salles
- Infinity-Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, Paul Sabatier University, 31059 Toulouse, France; (F.B.-M.); (I.G.); (J.S.); (S.T.); (J.A.); (J.-P.S.)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Service de Psychiatrie D’urgences, de Crise et de Liaison, Institut des Handicaps Neurologiques, Psychiatriques et Sensoriels, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Trudel
- Infinity-Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, Paul Sabatier University, 31059 Toulouse, France; (F.B.-M.); (I.G.); (J.S.); (S.T.); (J.A.); (J.-P.S.)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Service de Biochimie, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Lionel Dahan
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France;
| | - Jérôme Ausseil
- Infinity-Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, Paul Sabatier University, 31059 Toulouse, France; (F.B.-M.); (I.G.); (J.S.); (S.T.); (J.A.); (J.-P.S.)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Service de Biochimie, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Payrastre
- I2MC-Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM UMR1297 and University of Toulouse III, 31400 Toulouse, France;
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Laboratoire d’Hématologie, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Salles
- Infinity-Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, Paul Sabatier University, 31059 Toulouse, France; (F.B.-M.); (I.G.); (J.S.); (S.T.); (J.A.); (J.-P.S.)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Unité d’Endocrinologie et Maladies Osseuses, Hôpital des Enfants, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Hugues Chap
- Infinity-Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, Paul Sabatier University, 31059 Toulouse, France; (F.B.-M.); (I.G.); (J.S.); (S.T.); (J.A.); (J.-P.S.)
- Académie des Sciences, Inscriptions et Belles Lettres de Toulouse, Hôtel d’Assézat, 31000 Toulouse, France
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Sato T, Umebayashi S, Senoo N, Akahori T, Ichida H, Miyoshi N, Yoshida T, Sugiura Y, Goto-Inoue N, Kawana H, Shindou H, Baba T, Maemoto Y, Kamei Y, Shimizu T, Aoki J, Miura S. LPGAT1/LPLAT7 regulates acyl chain profiles at the sn-1 position of phospholipids in murine skeletal muscles. J Biol Chem 2023:104848. [PMID: 37217003 PMCID: PMC10285227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle consists of both fast- and slow-twitch fibers. Phospholipids are important structural components of cellular membranes, and the diversity of their fatty acid composition affects membrane fluidity and permeability. Although some studies have shown that acyl chain species in phospholipids differ among various muscle fiber types, the mechanisms underlying these differences are unclear. To investigate this, we analyzed phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) molecules in the murine extensor digitorum longus (EDL; fast-twitch) and soleus (slow-twitch) muscles. In the EDL muscle, the vast majority (93.6%) of PC molecules was palmitate-containing PC (16:0-PC), whereas in the soleus muscle, in addition to 16:0-PC, 27.9% of PC molecules was stearate-containing PC (18:0-PC). Most palmitate and stearate were bound at the sn-1 position of 16:0- and 18:0-PC, respectively, and 18:0-PC was found in type I and IIa fibers. The amount of 18:0-PE was higher in the soleus than in the EDL muscle. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) increased the amount of 18:0-PC in the EDL. Lysophosphatidylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (LPGAT1) was highly expressed in the soleus compared with that in the EDL muscle and was upregulated by PGC-1α. LPGAT1 knockout decreased the incorporation of stearate into PC and PE in vitro and ex vivo and the amount of 18:0-PC and 18:0-PE in murine skeletal muscle with an increase in the level of 16:0-PC and 16:0-PE. Moreover, knocking out LPGAT1 decreased the amount of stearate-containing-phosphatidylserine (18:0-PS), suggesting that LPGAT1 regulated the acyl chain profiles of phospholipids, namely PC, PE, and PS, in the skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Sato
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shuhei Umebayashi
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Nanami Senoo
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Takumi Akahori
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiyori Ichida
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Miyoshi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Takuya Yoshida
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Naoko Goto-Inoue
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawana
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Advanced Research & Development Programs for Medical Innovation (AMED-LEAP), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid Life Science, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Department of Lipid Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takashi Baba
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yuki Maemoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yasutomi Kamei
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Advanced Research & Development Programs for Medical Innovation (AMED-LEAP), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
| | - Shinji Miura
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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Yaginuma S, Omi J, Kano K, Aoki J. Lysophospholipids and their producing enzymes: Their pathological roles and potential as pathological biomarkers. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 246:108415. [PMID: 37061204 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that lysophospholipids (LPL) serve as lipid mediators that exert their diverse pathophysiological functions via G protein-coupled receptors. These include lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS) and lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI). Unlike S1P, which is produced intracellularly and secreted from various cell types, some LPLs, such as LPA, LysoPS and LPI, are produced in lesions, especially under pathological conditions, where they positively or negatively regulate disease progression through their autacoid-like actions. Although these LPLs are minor components of the cell membrane, recent developments in mass spectrometry techniques have made it possible to detect and quantify them in a variety of biological fluids, including plasma, serum, urine and cerebrospinal fluid. The synthetic enzymes of LPA and LysoPS are also present in these biological fluids, which also can be detected by antibody-based methods. Importantly, their levels have been found to dramatically increase during various pathological conditions. Thus, LPLs and their synthetic enzymes in these biological fluids are potential biomarkers. This review discusses the potential of these LPLs and LPL-related molecules as pathological biomarkers, including methods and problems in their measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Yaginuma
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jumpei Omi
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
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Morikawa T, Takahashi M, Izumi Y, Bamba T, Moriyama K, Hattori G, Fujioka R, Miura S, Shibata H. Oleic Acid-Containing Phosphatidylinositol Is a Blood Biomarker Candidate for SPG28. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041092. [PMID: 37189713 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia is a genetic neurological disorder characterized by spasticity of the lower limbs, and spastic paraplegia type 28 is one of its subtypes. Spastic paraplegia type 28 is a hereditary neurogenerative disorder with an autosomal recessive inheritance caused by loss of function of DDHD1. DDHD1 encodes phospholipase A1, which catalyzes phospholipids to lysophospholipids such as phosphatidic acids and phosphatidylinositols to lysophosphatidic acids and lysophoshatidylinositols. Quantitative changes in these phospholipids can be key to the pathogenesis of SPG28, even at subclinical levels. By lipidome analysis using plasma from mice, we globally examined phospholipids to identify molecules showing significant quantitative changes in Ddhd1 knockout mice. We then examined reproducibility of the quantitative changes in human sera including SPG28 patients. We identified nine kinds of phosphatidylinositols that show significant increases in Ddhd1 knockout mice. Of these, four kinds of phosphatidylinositols replicated the highest level in the SPG28 patient serum. All four kinds of phosphatidylinositols contained oleic acid. This observation suggests that the amount of oleic acid-containing PI was affected by loss of function of DDHD1. Our results also propose the possibility of using oleic acid-containing PI as a blood biomarker for SPG28.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Morikawa
- Division of Genomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masatomo Takahashi
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Izumi
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kosei Moriyama
- Division of Genomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University, 5-7-1, Befu, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0198, Japan
| | - Gohsuke Hattori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-Machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Ryuta Fujioka
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Beppu University Junior College, 82, Kitaishigaki, Oita 874-8501, Japan
| | - Shiroh Miura
- Department of Neurology and Geriatric Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454, Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shibata
- Division of Genomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Barbernitz X, Raben DM. Phosphorylation of DGK. Adv Biol Regul 2022; 88:100941. [PMID: 36508895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2022.100941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphatidic acid (PtdOH) play important roles in a variety of signaling cascades (Carrasco and Merida, 2007; Stace and Ktistakis, 2006). Therefore, the physiological roles and regulatory mechanisms controlling the levels of these lipids are important. One class of enzymes capable of coordinating the levels of these two lipids are the diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs). DGKs catalyze the transfer of the γ-phosphate of ATP to the hydroxyl group of DAG which generates PtdOH(Merida et al., 2008; Sakane et al., 2007). As DGKs reciprocally modulate the relative levels of these two signaling lipids, it is not surprising that there is increasing interest in understanding the mechanism underlying the catalysis and regulation of these kinases. While post-translational modifications (PTMs) are often involved in enzyme regulation, there is surprisingly little information regarding the PTMs on these enzymes and their roles in modulating their activity and function. In this review, we will summarize what is known about one PTM on DGKs, phosphorylation, and the possible functions of this modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Barbernitz
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel M Raben
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Takagi Y, Nishikado S, Omi J, Aoki J. The Many Roles of Lysophospholipid Mediators and Japanese Contributions to This Field. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1008-1021. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Takagi
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Shun Nishikado
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Jumpei Omi
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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Current Knowledge on Mammalian Phospholipase A1, Brief History, Structures, Biochemical and Pathophysiological Roles. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082487. [PMID: 35458682 PMCID: PMC9031518 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase A1 (PLA1) is an enzyme that cleaves an ester bond at the sn-1 position of glycerophospholipids, producing a free fatty acid and a lysophospholipid. PLA1 activities have been detected both extracellularly and intracellularly, which are well conserved in higher eukaryotes, including fish and mammals. All extracellular PLA1s belong to the lipase family. In addition to PLA1 activity, most mammalian extracellular PLA1s exhibit lipase activity to hydrolyze triacylglycerol, cleaving the fatty acid and contributing to its absorption into the intestinal tract and tissues. Some extracellular PLA1s exhibit PLA1 activities specific to phosphatidic acid (PA) or phosphatidylserine (PS) and serve to produce lysophospholipid mediators such as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS). A high level of PLA1 activity has been detected in the cytosol fractions, where PA-PLA1/DDHD1/iPLA1 was responsible for the activity. Many homologs of PA-PLA1 and PLA2 have been shown to exhibit PLA1 activity. Although much has been learned about the pathophysiological roles of PLA1 molecules through studies of knockout mice and human genetic diseases, many questions regarding their biochemical properties, including their genuine in vivo substrate, remain elusive.
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Disrupting a Plasmodium berghei putative phospholipase impairs efficient egress of merosomes. Int J Parasitol 2022; 52:547-558. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Phosphorylation and subcellular localization of human phospholipase A1, DDHD1/PA-PLA1. Methods Enzymol 2022; 675:235-273. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wnorowski A, Wójcik J, Maj M. Gene Expression Data Mining Reveals the Involvement of GPR55 and Its Endogenous Ligands in Immune Response, Cancer, and Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413328. [PMID: 34948125 PMCID: PMC8707311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) is a recently deorphanized lipid- and peptide-sensing receptor. Its lipidic endogenous agonists belong to lysoglycerophospholipids, with lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) being the most studied. Peptide agonists derive from fragmentation of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP). Although GPR55 and its ligands were implicated in several physiological and pathological conditions, their biological function remains unclear. Thus, the aim of the study was to conduct a large-scale re-analysis of publicly available gene expression datasets to identify physiological and pathological conditions affecting the expression of GPR55 and the production of its ligands. The study revealed that regulation of GPR55 occurs predominantly in the context of immune activation pointing towards the role of the receptor in response to pathogens and in immune cell lineage determination. Additionally, it was revealed that there is almost no overlap between the experimental conditions affecting the expression of GPR55 and those modulating agonist production. The capacity to synthesize LPI was enhanced in various types of tumors, indicating that cancer cells can hijack the motility-related activity of GPR55 to increase aggressiveness. Conditions favoring accumulation of PACAP-derived peptides were different than those for LPI and were mainly related to differentiation. This indicates a different function of the two agonist classes and possibly the existence of a signaling bias.
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Matsumoto N, Nemoto-Sasaki Y, Oka S, Arai S, Wada I, Yamashita A. Phosphorylation of human phospholipase A1 DDHD1 at newly identified phosphosites affects its subcellular localization. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100851. [PMID: 34089703 PMCID: PMC8234217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase A1 (PLA1) hydrolyzes the fatty acids of glycerophospholipids, which are structural components of the cellular membrane. Genetic mutations in DDHD1, an intracellular PLA1, result in hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) in humans. However, the regulation of DDHD1 activity has not yet been elucidated in detail. In the present study, we examined the phosphorylation of DDHD1 and identified the responsible protein kinases. We performed MALDI-TOF MS/MS analysis and Phos-tag SDS-PAGE in alanine-substitution mutants in HEK293 cells and revealed multiple phosphorylation sites in human DDHD1, primarily Ser8, Ser11, Ser723, and Ser727. The treatment of cells with a protein phosphatase inhibitor induced the hyperphosphorylation of DDHD1, suggesting that multisite phosphorylation occurred not only at these major, but also at minor sites. Site-specific kinase-substrate prediction algorithms and in vitro kinase analyses indicated that cyclin-dependent kinase CDK1/cyclin A2 phosphorylated Ser8, Ser11, and Ser727 in DDHD1 with a preference for Ser11 and that CDK5/p35 also phosphorylated Ser11 and Ser727 with a preference for Ser11. In addition, casein kinase CK2α1 was found to phosphorylate Ser104, although this was not a major phosphorylation site in cultivated HEK293 cells. The evaluation of the effects of phosphorylation revealed that the phosphorylation mimic mutants S11/727E exhibit only 20% reduction in PLA1 activity. However, the phosphorylation mimics were mainly localized to focal adhesions, whereas the phosphorylation-resistant mutants S11/727A were not. This suggested that phosphorylation alters the subcellular localization of DDHD1 without greatly affecting its PLA1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Matsumoto
- Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Saori Oka
- Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seisuke Arai
- Department of Cell Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ikuo Wada
- Department of Cell Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamashita
- Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Emerging roles of lysophospholipids in health and disease. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101068. [PMID: 33068601 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are abundant and play essential roles in human health and disease. The main functions of lipids are building blocks for membrane biogenesis. However, lipids are also metabolized to produce signaling molecules. Here, we discuss the emerging roles of circulating lysophospholipids. These lysophospholipids consist of lysoglycerophospholipids and lysosphingolipids. They are both present in cells at low concentration, but their concentrations in extracellular fluids are significantly higher. The biological functions of some of these lysophospholipids have been recently revealed. Remarkably, some of the lysophospholipids play pivotal signaling roles as well as being precursors for membrane biogenesis. Revealing how circulating lysophospholipids are produced, released, transported, and utilized in multi-organ systems is critical to understand their functions. The discovery of enzymes, carriers, transporters, and membrane receptors for these lysophospholipids has shed light on their physiological significance. In this review, we summarize the biological roles of these lysophospholipids via discussing about the proteins regulating their functions. We also discuss about their potential impacts to human health and diseases.
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Briand-Mésange F, Pons V, Allart S, Masquelier J, Chicanne G, Beton N, Payrastre B, Muccioli GG, Ausseil J, Davignon JL, Salles JP, Chap H. Glycerophosphodiesterase 3 (GDE3) is a lysophosphatidylinositol-specific ectophospholipase C acting as an endocannabinoid signaling switch. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15767-15781. [PMID: 32917725 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoid signaling plays a regulatory role in various (neuro)biological functions. 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is the most abundant endocannabinoid, and although its canonical biosynthetic pathway involving phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C and diacylglycerol lipase α is known, alternative pathways remain unsettled. Here, we characterize a noncanonical pathway implicating glycerophosphodiesterase 3 (GDE3, from GDPD2 gene). Human GDE3 expressed in HEK293T cell membranes catalyzed the conversion of lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) into monoacylglycerol and inositol-1-phosphate. The enzyme was equally active against 1-acyl and 2-acyl LPI. When using 2-acyl LPI, where arachidonic acid is the predominant fatty acid, LC-MS analysis identified 2-AG as the main product of LPI hydrolysis by GDE3. Furthermore, inositol-1-phosphate release into the medium occurred upon addition of LPI to intact cells, suggesting that GDE3 is actually an ecto-lysophospholipase C. In cells expressing G-protein-coupled receptor GPR55, GDE3 abolished 1-acyl LPI-induced signaling. In contrast, upon simultaneous ex-pression of GDE3 and cannabinoid receptor CB2, 2-acyl LPI evoked the same signal as that induced by 2-AG. These data strongly suggest that, in addition to degrading the GPR55 LPI ligand, GDE3 can act as a switch between GPR55 and CB2 signaling. Coincident with a major expression of both GDE3 and CB2 in the spleen, spleens from transgenic mice lacking GDE3 displayed doubling of LPI content compared with WT mice. Decreased production of 2-AG in whole spleen was also observed, supporting the in vivo relevance of our findings. These data thus open a new research avenue in the field of endocannabinoid generation and reinforce the view of GPR55 and LPI being genuine actors of the endocannabinoid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Briand-Mésange
- Center for Physiopathology of Toulouse Purpan, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Véronique Pons
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Allart
- Center for Physiopathology of Toulouse Purpan, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Masquelier
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gaëtan Chicanne
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Beton
- Center for Physiopathology of Toulouse Purpan, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Payrastre
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Ausseil
- Center for Physiopathology of Toulouse Purpan, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Luc Davignon
- Center for Physiopathology of Toulouse Purpan, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Salles
- Center for Physiopathology of Toulouse Purpan, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Hugues Chap
- Center for Physiopathology of Toulouse Purpan, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.
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14
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Maemoto Y, Maruyama T, Nemoto K, Baba T, Motohashi M, Ito A, Tagaya M, Tani K. DDHD1, but Not DDHD2, Suppresses Neurite Outgrowth in SH-SY5Y and PC12 Cells by Regulating Protein Transport From Recycling Endosomes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:670. [PMID: 32850804 PMCID: PMC7396612 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
DDHD1 and DDHD2 are both intracellular phospholipases A1 and hydrolyze phosphatidic acid in vitro. Given that phosphatidic acid participates in neurite outgrowth, we examined whether DDHD1 and DDHD2 regulate neurite outgrowth. Depletion of DDHD1 from SH-SY5Y and PC12 cells caused elongation of neurites, whereas DDHD2 depletion prevented neurite elongation. Rescue experiments demonstrated that the enzymatic activity of DDHD1 is necessary for the prevention of neurite elongation. Depletion of DDHD1 caused enlargement of early endosomes and stimulated tubulation of recycling endosomes positive for phosphatidic acid-binding proteins syndapin2 and MICAL-L1. Knockout of DDHD1 enhanced transferrin recycling from recycling endosomes to the cell surface. Our results suggest that DDHD1 negatively controls the formation of a local phosphatidic acid-rich domain in recycling endosomes that serves as a membrane source for neurite outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Maemoto
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Maruyama
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nemoto
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Takashi Baba
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan.,Department of Biological Informatics and Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Manae Motohashi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Tagaya
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Katsuko Tani
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
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15
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Tsutsumi T, Matsuda R, Morito K, Kawabata K, Yokota M, Nikawadori M, Inoue-Fujiwara M, Kawashima S, Hidaka M, Yamamoto T, Yamazaki N, Tanaka T, Shinohara Y, Nishi H, Tokumura A. Identification of human glycerophosphodiesterase 3 as an ecto phospholipase C that converts the G protein-coupled receptor 55 agonist lysophosphatidylinositol to bioactive monoacylglycerols in cultured mammalian cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158761. [PMID: 32629025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A family of glycerol-based lysolipid mediators comprises lysophosphatidic acid as a representative phospholipidic member but also a monoacylglycerol as a non-phosphorus-containing member. These critical lysolipid mediators are known to be produced from different lysophospholipids by actions of lysophospholipases C and D in mammals. Some members of the glycerophosphodiesterase (GDE) family have attracted recent attention due to their phospholipid-metabolizing activity. In this study, we found selective depletion of lysophosphatidylinositol among lysophospholipids in the culture medium of COS-7 cells transfected with a vector containing glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 2 (GDPD2, GDE3). Thin-layer chromatography and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of lipids extracted from GDE3-transfected COS-7 cells exposed to fluorescent analogs of phosphatidylinositol (PI) revealed that GDE3 acted as an ecto-type lysophospholipase C preferring endogenous lysophosphatidylinositol and PI having a long-chain acyl and a short-chain acyl group rather than endogenous PI and its fluorescent analog having two long chain acyl groups. In MC3T3-E1 cells cultured with an osteogenic or mitogenic medium, mRNA expression of GDE3 was increased by culturing in 10% fetal bovine serum for several days, concomitant with increased activity of ecto-lysophospholipase C, converting arachidonoyl-lysophosphatidylinositol, a physiological agonist of G protein-coupled receptor 55, to arachidonoylglycerol, a physiological agonist of cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2. We suggest that GDE3 acts as an ecto-lysophospholipase C, by switching signaling from lysophosphatidylinositol to that from arachidonoylglycerol in an opposite direction in mouse bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Tsutsumi
- Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, 1714-1 Yoshinomachi, Nobeoka 882-8508, Japan
| | - Risa Matsuda
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Katsuya Morito
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Kohei Kawabata
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, 6-13-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan
| | - Miho Yokota
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Miki Nikawadori
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Manami Inoue-Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawashima
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan; Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Kuramotocho 3, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Mayumi Hidaka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, 6-13-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan
| | - Takenori Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan; Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Kuramotocho 3, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Naoshi Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan; Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuo Shinohara
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan; Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Kuramotocho 3, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, 6-13-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan
| | - Akira Tokumura
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, 6-13-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan.
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16
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Harayama T, Shimizu T. Roles of polyunsaturated fatty acids, from mediators to membranes. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:1150-1160. [PMID: 32487545 PMCID: PMC7397749 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r120000800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PUFAs, such as AA and DHA, are recognized as important biomolecules, but understanding their precise roles and modes of action remains challenging. PUFAs are precursors for a plethora of signaling lipids, for which knowledge about synthetic pathways and receptors has accumulated. However, due to their extreme diversity and the ambiguity concerning the identity of their cognate receptors, the roles of PUFA-derived signaling lipids require more investigation. In addition, PUFA functions cannot be explained just as lipid mediator precursors because they are also critical for the regulation of membrane biophysical properties. The presence of PUFAs in membrane lipids also affects the functions of transmembrane proteins and peripheral membrane proteins. Although the roles of PUFAs as membrane lipid building blocks were difficult to analyze, the discovery of lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs), which are critical for their incorporation, advanced our understanding. Recent studies unveiled how LPLATs affect PUFA levels in membrane lipids, and their genetic manipulation became an excellent strategy to study the roles of PUFA-containing lipids. In this review, we will provide an overview of metabolic pathways regulating PUFAs as lipid mediator precursors and membrane components and update recent progress about their functions. Some issues to be solved for future research will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Harayama
- Department of Biochemistry and National Centre of Competence in Research in Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan and Department of Lipidomics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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17
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How is the acyl chain composition of phosphoinositides created and does it matter? Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 47:1291-1305. [PMID: 31657437 PMCID: PMC6824679 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The phosphoinositide (PIPn) family of signalling phospholipids are central regulators in membrane cell biology. Their varied functions are based on the phosphorylation pattern of their inositol ring, which can be recognized by selective binding domains in their effector proteins and be modified by a series of specific PIPn kinases and phosphatases, which control their interconversion in a spatial and temporal manner. Yet, a unique feature of PIPns remains largely unexplored: their unusually uniform acyl chain composition. Indeed, while most phospholipids present a range of molecular species comprising acyl chains of diverse length and saturation, PIPns in several organisms and tissues show the predominance of a single hydrophobic backbone, which in mammals is composed of arachidonoyl and stearoyl chains. Despite evolution having favoured this specific PIPn configuration, little is known regarding the mechanisms and functions behind it. In this review, we explore the metabolic pathways that could control the acyl chain composition of PIPns as well as the potential roles of this selective enrichment. While our understanding of this phenomenon has been constrained largely by the technical limitations in the methods traditionally employed in the PIPn field, we believe that the latest developments in PIPn analysis should shed light onto this old question.
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18
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Joensuu M, Wallis TP, Saber SH, Meunier FA. Phospholipases in neuronal function: A role in learning and memory? J Neurochem 2020; 153:300-333. [PMID: 31745996 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the human brain being made of nearly 60% fat, the vast majority of studies on the mechanisms of neuronal communication which underpin cognition, memory and learning, primarily focus on proteins and/or (epi)genetic mechanisms. Phospholipids are the main component of all cellular membranes and function as substrates for numerous phospholipid-modifying enzymes, including phospholipases, which release free fatty acids (FFAs) and other lipid metabolites that can alter the intrinsic properties of the membranes, recruit and activate critical proteins, and act as lipid signalling molecules. Here, we will review brain specific phospholipases, their roles in membrane remodelling, neuronal function, learning and memory, as well as their disease implications. In particular, we will highlight key roles of unsaturated FFAs, particularly arachidonic acid, in neurotransmitter release, neuroinflammation and memory. In light of recent findings, we will also discuss the emerging role of phospholipase A1 and the creation of saturated FFAs in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merja Joensuu
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tristan P Wallis
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Saber H Saber
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Frédéric A Meunier
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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19
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Yanagida K, Valentine WJ. Druggable Lysophospholipid Signaling Pathways. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1274:137-176. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50621-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Multiplexed and single cell tracing of lipid metabolism. Nat Methods 2019; 16:1123-1130. [DOI: 10.1038/s41592-019-0593-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Kitamura C, Sonoda H, Nozawa H, Kano K, Emoto S, Murono K, Kaneko M, Hiyoshi M, Sasaki K, Nishikawa T, Shuno Y, Tanaka T, Hata K, Kawai K, Aoki J, Ishihara S. The component changes of lysophospholipid mediators in colorectal cancer. Tumour Biol 2019; 41:1010428319848616. [PMID: 31106679 DOI: 10.1177/1010428319848616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although lysophospholipids are known to play an important role in the development and progression of several kinds of cancers, their role in human colorectal cancer is as yet unclear. In this study, we aim to investigate lysophospholipid levels in colorectal cancer tissues to identify lysophospholipids, the levels of which change specifically in colorectal cancers. We used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to measure lysophospholipid levels in cancerous and normal tissues from 11 surgical specimens of sigmoid colon cancers, since recent advances in this field have improved detection sensitivities for lysophospholipids. Our results indicate that, in colon cancer tissues, levels of lysophosphatidylinositol and lysophosphatidylserine were significantly higher ( p = 0.025 and p = 0.01, respectively), whereas levels of lysophosphatidic acid were significantly lower ( p = 0.0019) than in normal tissues. Although levels of lysophosphatidylglycerol were higher in colon cancer tissues than in normal tissues, this difference was not found to be significant ( p = 0.11). Fatty acid analysis further showed that 18:0 lysophosphatidylinositol and 18:0 lysophosphatidylserine were the predominant species of lysophospholipids in colon cancer tissues. These components may be potentially involved in colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Kitamura
- 1 Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sonoda
- 1 Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nozawa
- 1 Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- 2 Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Emoto
- 1 Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Murono
- 1 Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Kaneko
- 1 Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Hiyoshi
- 1 Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Sasaki
- 1 Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishikawa
- 1 Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Shuno
- 1 Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tanaka
- 1 Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hata
- 1 Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushige Kawai
- 1 Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- 2 Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ishihara
- 1 Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Inloes JM, Jing H, Cravatt BF. The Spastic Paraplegia-Associated Phospholipase DDHD1 Is a Primary Brain Phosphatidylinositol Lipase. Biochemistry 2018; 57:5759-5767. [PMID: 30221923 PMCID: PMC6237197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Deleterious mutations in the serine hydrolase DDHD domain containing 1 (DDHD1) cause the SPG28 subtype of the neurological disease hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), which is characterized by axonal neuropathy and gait impairments. DDHD1 has been shown to display PLA1-type phospholipase activity with a preference for phosphatidic acid. However, the endogenous lipid pathways regulated by DDHD1 in vivo remain poorly understood. Here we use a combination of untargeted and targeted metabolomics to compare the lipid content of brain tissue from DDHD1+/+ and DDHD1-/- mice, revealing that DDHD1 inactivation causes a substantial decrease in the level of polyunsaturated lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) lipids and a corresponding increase in the level of phosphatidylinositol (PI) lipids. Levels of other phospholipids were mostly unchanged, with the exception of decreases in the levels of select polyunsaturated lysophosphatidylserine (LPS) and lysophosphatidylcholine lipids and a striking remodeling of PI phosphates (e.g., PIP and PIP2) in DDHD1-/- brain tissue. Biochemical assays confirmed that DDHD1 hydrolyzes PI/PS to LPI/LPS with sn-1 selectivity and accounts for a substantial fraction of the PI/PS lipase activity in mouse brain tissue. These data indicate that DDHD1 is a principal regulator of bioactive LPI and other lysophospholipids, as well as PI phosphates, in the mammalian nervous system, pointing to a potential role for these lipid pathways in HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordon M. Inloes
- Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Hui Jing
- Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Benjamin F. Cravatt
- Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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23
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Tsuboi K, Uyama T, Okamoto Y, Ueda N. Endocannabinoids and related N-acylethanolamines: biological activities and metabolism. Inflamm Regen 2018; 38:28. [PMID: 30288203 PMCID: PMC6166290 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-018-0086-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant Cannabis sativa contains cannabinoids represented by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, which exert psychoactivity and immunomodulation through cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, respectively, in animal tissues. Arachidonoylethanolamide (also referred to as anandamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) are well known as two major endogenous agonists of these receptors (termed "endocannabinoids") and show various cannabimimetic bioactivities. However, only 2-AG is a full agonist for CB1 and CB2 and mediates retrograde signals at the synapse, strongly suggesting that 2-AG is physiologically more important than anandamide. The metabolic pathways of these two endocannabinoids are completely different. 2-AG is mostly produced from inositol phospholipids via diacylglycerol by phospholipase C and diacylglycerol lipase and then degraded by monoacylglycerol lipase. On the other hand, anandamide is concomitantly produced with larger amounts of other N-acylethanolamines via N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs). Although this pathway consists of calcium-dependent N-acyltransferase and NAPE-hydrolyzing phospholipase D, recent studies revealed the involvement of several new enzymes. Quantitatively major N-acylethanolamines include palmitoylethanolamide and oleoylethanolamide, which do not bind to cannabinoid receptors but exert anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anorexic effects through receptors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. The biosynthesis of these non-endocannabinoid N-acylethanolamines rather than anandamide may be the primary significance of this pathway. Here, we provide an overview of the biological activities and metabolisms of endocannabinoids (2-AG and anandamide) and non-endocannabinoid N-acylethanolamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhito Tsuboi
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793 Japan.,2Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192 Japan
| | - Toru Uyama
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793 Japan
| | - Yasuo Okamoto
- 2Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192 Japan
| | - Natsuo Ueda
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793 Japan
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24
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Lysophosphatidylinositols in inflammation and macrophage activation: Altered levels and anti-inflammatory effects. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:1458-1468. [PMID: 30251703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylinositols (LPI) are bioactive lipids that are implicated in several pathophysiological processes such as cell proliferation, migration and tumorigenesis and were shown to play a role in obesity and metabolic disorders. Often, these effects of LPI were due to activation of the G protein-coupled receptor GPR55. However, the role of LPI and GPR55 in inflammation and macrophage activation remains unclear. Therefore, we thought to study the effect of macrophage activation and inflammation on LPI levels and metabolism. To do so, we used J774 and BV2 cells in culture activated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 100 ng/mL) as well as primary mouse alveolar and peritoneal macrophages. We also quantified LPI levels in the cerebellum, lung, liver, spleen and colon of mice with a systemic inflammation induced by LPS (300 μg/kg) and in the colon of mice with acute colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) or trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) and chronic DSS-induced colitis. Our data show that LPS-induced macrophage activation leads to altered LPI levels in both the cells and culture medium. We also show that cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) and α/β‑hydrolase domain 6 (ABHD6) are among the enzymes implicated in LPI metabolism in J774 macrophages. Indeed, ABHD6 and cPLA2α inhibition increased 20:4-LPI levels in LPS-activated macrophages. Furthermore, incubation of LPS-activated cells with LPI decreased J774 activation in a GPR55-dependent manner. In vivo, LPI levels were altered by inflammation in the liver, spleen and colon. These alterations are tissue dependent and could highlight a potential role for LPI in inflammatory processes.
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Shin M, Ware TB, Lee HC, Hsu KL. Lipid-metabolizing serine hydrolases in the mammalian central nervous system: endocannabinoids and beyond. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1864:907-921. [PMID: 30905349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic serine hydrolases hydrolyze ester, amide, or thioester bonds found in broad small molecule substrates using a conserved activated serine nucleophile. The mammalian central nervous system (CNS) express a diverse repertoire of serine hydrolases that act as (phospho)lipases or lipid amidases to regulate lipid metabolism and signaling vital for normal neurocognitive function and CNS integrity. Advances in genomic DNA sequencing have provided evidence for the role of these lipid-metabolizing serine hydrolases in neurologic, psychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review briefly summarizes recent progress in understanding the biochemical and (patho)physiological roles of these lipid-metabolizing serine hydrolases in the mammalian CNS with a focus on serine hydrolases involved in the endocannabinoid system. The development and application of specific inhibitors for an individual serine hydrolase, if available, are also described. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Novel functions of phospholipase A2 Guest Editors: Makoto Murakami and Gerard Lambeau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungsun Shin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - Timothy B Ware
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Ku-Lung Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States; University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States.
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Raimondo S, Cristaldi M, Fontana S, Saieva L, Monteleone F, Calabrese G, Giavaresi G, Parenti R, Alessandro R. The phospholipase DDHD1 as a new target in colorectal cancer therapy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:82. [PMID: 29653539 PMCID: PMC5899352 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0753-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Our previous study demonstrates that Citrus-limon derived nanovesicles are able to decrease colon cancer cell viability, and that this effect is associated with the downregulation of the intracellular phospholipase DDHD domain-containing protein 1 (DDHD1). While few studies are currently available on the contribution of DDHD1 in neurological disorders, there is no information on its role in cancer. This study investigates the role of DDHD1 in colon cancer. Methods DDHD1 siRNAs and an overexpression vector were transfected into colorectal cancer and normal cells to downregulate or upregulate DDHD1 expression. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to investigate the functional role of DDHD1 in colorectal cancer cell growth. Quantitative proteomics using SWATH-MS was performed to determinate the molecular effects induced by DDHD1 silencing in colorectal cancer cells. Results The results indicate that DDHD1 supports colon cancer cell proliferation and survival, since its downregulation reduces in vitro colon cancer cell viability and increases apoptosis rate, without affecting normal cells. On the contrary, in vivo studies demonstrate that the xenograft tumors, derived from DDHD1-overexpressing cells, have a higher proliferation rate compared to control animals. Additionally, we found that functional categories, significantly affected by DDHD1 silencing, were specifically related to cancer phenotype and for the first time associated to DDHD1 activity. Conclusions In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence confirming the role of DDHD1 in cancer, providing a possibility to define a new target to design more effective therapies for colon cancer patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0753-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Raimondo
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Marta Cristaldi
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, Sector of Clinical Research in Oral Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Fontana
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Saieva
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Monteleone
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Physiology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technologic Platform for Tissue Engineering, Theranostics and Oncology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Physiology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. .,Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy.
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Alhouayek M, Masquelier J, Muccioli GG. Lysophosphatidylinositols, from Cell Membrane Constituents to GPR55 Ligands. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:586-604. [PMID: 29588059 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylinositols (LPIs) are membrane constituents that alter the properties of said membranes. However, recent data showing that the once orphan receptor, GPR55, can act as a receptor for LPIs has sparked a renewed interest in LPIs as bioactive lipids. As evidence supporting the importance of LPIs and/or GPR55 is continuously accumulating and because LPI levels are altered in a number of pathologies such as obesity and cancer, the coming years should bring new, exciting discoveries to this field. In this review, we discuss the recent work on LPIs and on their molecular target, the GPR55 receptor. First, we summarize the metabolism of LPIs before outlining the cellular pathways activated by GPR55. Then, we review the actions of LPIs and GPR55 that could have potential pharmacological or therapeutic applications in several pathophysiological settings, such as cancer, obesity, pain, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Alhouayek
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Julien Masquelier
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium.
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Patel S. Pathogenicity-associated protein domains: The fiercely-conserved evolutionary signatures. GENE REPORTS 2017; 7:127-141. [PMID: 32363241 PMCID: PMC7185390 DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Proteins have highly conserved domains that determine their functionality. Out of the thousands of domains discovered so far across all living forms, some of the predominant clinically-relevant domains include IENR1, HNHc, HELICc, Pro-kuma_activ, Tryp_SPc, Lactamase_B, PbH1, ChtBD3, CBM49, acidPPc, G3P_acyltransf, RPOL8c, KbaA, HAMP, HisKA, Hr1, Dak2, APC2, Citrate_ly_lig, DALR, VKc, YARHG, WR1, PWI, ZnF_BED, TUDOR, MHC_II_beta, Integrin_B_tail, Excalibur, DISIN, Cadherin, ACTIN, PROF, Robl_LC7, MIT, Kelch, GAS2, B41, Cyclin_C, Connexin_CCC, OmpH, Bac_rhodopsin, AAA, Knot1, NH, Galanin, IB, Elicitin, ACTH, Cache_2, CHASE, AgrB, PRP, IGR, and Antimicrobial21. These domains are distributed in nucleases/helicases, proteases, esterases, lipases, glycosylase, GTPases, phosphatases, methyltransferases, acyltransferase, acetyltransferase, polymerase, kinase, ligase, synthetase, oxidoreductase, protease inhibitors, nucleic acid binding proteins, adhesion and immunity-related proteins, cytoskeletal component-manipulating proteins, lipid biosynthesis and metabolism proteins, membrane-associated proteins, hormone-like and signaling proteins, etc. These domains are ubiquitous stretches or folds of the proteins in pathogens and allergens. Pathogenesis alleviation efforts can benefit enormously if the characteristics of these domains are known. Hence, this review catalogs and discusses the role of such pivotal domains, suggesting hypotheses for better understanding of pathogenesis at molecular level. Proteins have highly conserved regions or domains across pathogens and allergens. Knowledge on these critical domains can facilitate our understanding of pathogenesis mechanisms. Such immune manipulation-related domains include IENR1, HNHc, HELICc, ACTIN, PROF, Robl_LC7, OmpH etc. These domains are presnt in enzyme, transcription regulators, adhesion proteins, and hormones. This review discusses and hypothesizes on these domains.
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Key Words
- CARDs, caspase activation and recruitment domains
- CBM, carbohydrate binding module
- CTD, C-terminal domain
- ChtBD, chitin-binding domain
- Diversification
- HNHc, homing endonucleases
- HTH, helix-turn-helix
- IENR1, intron-encoded endonuclease repeat
- Immune manipulation
- PAMPs, pathogen associated molecular patterns
- Pathogenesis
- Phylogenetic conservation
- Protein domains
- SMART, Simple Modular Architecture Research Tool
- Shuffling
- UDG, uracil DNA glycosylase
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Patel
- Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego 92182, USA
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Yadav PK, Rajasekharan R. Misregulation of a DDHD Domain-containing Lipase Causes Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Yeast. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:18562-81. [PMID: 27402848 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.733378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The DDHD domain-containing proteins, which belong to the intracellular phospholipase A1 (iPLA1) family, have been predicted to be involved in phospholipid metabolism, lipid trafficking, membrane turnover, and signaling. Defective cardiolipin (CL), phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylglycerol remodeling cause Barth syndrome and mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we report that Yor022c is a Ddl1 (DDHD domain-containing lipase 1) that hydrolyzes CL, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylglycerol. Ddl1 has been implicated in the remodeling of mitochondrial phospholipids and CL degradation. Our data also suggested that the accumulation of monolysocardiolipin is deleterious to the cells. We show that Aft1 and Aft2 transcription factors antagonistically regulate the DDL1 gene. This study reveals that the misregulation of DDL1 by Aft1/2 transcription factors alters CL metabolism and causes mitochondrial dysfunction in the cells. In humans, mutations in the DDHD1 and DDHD2 genes cause specific types of hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG28 and SPG54, respectively), and the yeast DDL1-defective strain produces similar phenotypes of hereditary spastic paraplegia (mitochondrial dysfunction and defects in lipid metabolism). Therefore, the DDL1-defective strain could be a good model system for understanding hereditary spastic paraplegia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Yadav
- From the Lipidomic Centre, Department of Lipid Science and the Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore 570020, Karnataka, India
| | - Ram Rajasekharan
- From the Lipidomic Centre, Department of Lipid Science and the Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore 570020, Karnataka, India
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Distinct 1-monoacylglycerol and 2-monoacylglycerol kinase activities of diacylglycerol kinase isozymes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:1170-1176. [PMID: 27346717 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) consists of ten isozymes and is involved in a wide variety of patho-physiological events. However, the enzymological properties of DGKs have not been fully understood. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis on the 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (MGK) and 2-MGK activities of ten DGK isozymes. We revealed that type I (α, β and γ), type II (δ, η and κ) and type III (ε) DGKs have 7.9-19.2% 2-MGK activity compared to their DGK activities, whereas their 1-MGK activities were <3.0%. Both the 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities of the type IV DGKs (ζ and ι) were <1% relative to their DGK activities. Intriguingly, type V DGKθ has approximately 6% 1-MGK activity and <2% 2-MGK activity compared to its DGK activity. Purified DGKθ exhibited the same results, indicating that its 1-MGK activity is intrinsic. Therefore, DGK isozymes are categorized into three types with respect to their 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities: those having (1) 2-MGK activity relatively stronger than their 1-MGK activity (types I-III), (2) only negligible 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities (type IV), and (3) 1-MGK activity stronger than its 2-MGK activity (type V). The 1-MGK activity of DGKθ and the 2-MGK activity of DGKα were stronger than those of the acylglycerol kinase reported as 1-MGK and 2-MGK to date. The presence or absence of 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities may be essential to the patho-physiological functions of each DGK isozyme.
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Miura S, Morikawa T, Fujioka R, Kosaka K, Yamada K, Hattori G, Motomura M, Taniwaki T, Shibata H. A novel frameshift mutation of DDHD1 in a Japanese patient with autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia. Eur J Med Genet 2016; 59:413-6. [PMID: 27216551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Spastic paraplegia (SPG) type 28 is an autosomal recessive SPG caused by mutations in the DDHD1 gene. We examined a Japanese 54-years-old male patient with autosomal recessive SPG. His parents were consanguineous. He needed a wheelchair for transfer due to spastic paraplegia. There was a history of operations for bilateral hallux valgus, thoracic ossification of the yellow ligament, bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome, bilateral ankle contracture, and lumbar spinal canal stenosis. He noticed gait disturbance at age 14. He used a cane for walking in his 40s. On neurological examination, he showed hyperreflexia, spasticity, and weakness in the lower extremities and bilateral Babinski reflexes. Urinary dysfunctions and impaired vibration sense in the lower limbs were observed. By exome sequencing analysis using Agilent SureSelect and Illumina MiSeq, we identified 17,248 homozygous nucleotide variants in the patient. Through the examination of 48 candidate genes known to be responsible for autosomal recessive SPG, we identified a novel homozygous 4-bp deletion, c.914_917delGTAA, p.Ser305Ilefs*2 in exon2 of the DDHD1 gene encoding phosphatidic acid-preferring phospholipase A1 (PA-PLA1). The mutation is expected to cause a frameshift generating a premature stop codon 3-bp downstream from the deletion. In consequence, the DDHD domain that is known to be critical for PLA1 activity is completely depleted in the mutated DDHD1 protein, predicted to be a functionally null mutation of the DDHD1 gene. By Sanger sequencing, we confirmed that both parents are heterozygous for the mutation. This variation was not detected in 474 Japanese control subjects as well as the data of the 1,000G Project. We conclude that the novel mutation in DDHD1 is the causative variant for the SPG28 patient that is the first record of the disease in Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiroh Miura
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Takuya Morikawa
- Division of Genomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryuta Fujioka
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Beppu University Junior College, 82 Kitaishigaki, Beppu, Oita 874-8501, Japan
| | - Kengo Kosaka
- Division of Genomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamada
- Division of Genomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Gohsuke Hattori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Manabu Motomura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki Yurino Hospital, 1155-2 Motomuragou, Togitsu, Nagasaki 851-2103, Japan
| | - Takayuki Taniwaki
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shibata
- Division of Genomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Development and validation of a specific and sensitive HPLC-ESI-MS method for quantification of lysophosphatidylinositols and evaluation of their levels in mice tissues. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 126:132-40. [PMID: 27208623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that lysophosphatidylinositols (LPIs), a subspecies of lysophospholipids, are important endogenous mediators. Although LPIs long remained among the less studied lysophospholipids, the identification of GPR55 as their molecular target sparked a renewed interest in the study of these bioactive lipids. Furthermore, increasing evidence points towards a role for LPIs in cancer development. However, a better understanding of the role and functions of LPIs in physiology and disease requires methods that allow for the quantification of LPI levels in cells and tissues. Because dedicated efficient methods for quantifying LPIs were missing, we decided to develop and validate an HPLC-ESI-MS method for the quantification of LPI species from tissues. LPIs are extracted from tissues by liquid/liquid extraction, pre-purified by solid-phase extraction, and finally analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS. We determined the method's specificity and selectivity, we established calibration curves, determined the carry over (< 2%), LOD and LLOQ (between 0.116-7.82 and 4.62-92.5pmol on column, respectively), linearity (0.988<R(2)<0.997), repeatability (CV<20%), accuracy (> 80%), intermediate precision (CV<20%) as well as the recovery from tissues. We then applied the method to determine the relative abundance of the LPI species in 15 different mouse tissues. Finally, we quantified the absolute LPI levels in six different mouse tissues. We found that while 18:0 LPI represents more than 60% of all the LPI species in the periphery (e.g. liver, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, spleen) it is much less abundant in the central nervous system where the levels of 20:4 LPI are significantly higher. Thus this validated HPLC-ESI-MS method for quantifying LPIs represents a powerful tool that will facilitate the comprehension of the pathophysiological roles of LPIs.
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Tsutsumi T, Yamakawa S, Ishihara A, Yamamoto A, Tanaka T, Tokumura A. Reduced kidney levels of lysophosphatidic acids in rats after chronic administration of aristolochic acid: Its possible protective role in renal fibrosis. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:121-129. [PMID: 28962344 PMCID: PMC5598376 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aristolochic acid (AA) is considered to be a causative agent for progressive interstitial renal fibrosis, leading to AA nephropathy. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a mediator in the onset of renal fibrosis. In this study, we analyzed the molecular species of LPA and its precursor lysophospholipids in kidney tissue from rats exposed to AA. Daily intraperitoneal injections of AA for 35 days to rats gave rise to fibrosis in kidney, decreased the kidney levels of LPA, lysophosphatidylserine and lysophosphatidylinositol. In rat renal cell lines (NRK52E and NRK49F), AA-induced cytotoxicity was potentiated by Ki16425, LPA1,3 receptor antagonist. The level of mRNA encording α-smooth muscle actin was significantly increased by AA-treatment only in NRK52E cells, while the mRNA level of collagen III was decreased in both NRK52E and NRK49F cells. These results suggest that endogenous LPA in rat kidney prevents AA-induced renal fibrosis.
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Key Words
- 18S, ribosomal protein S18
- AA, aristolochic acid
- AZ, azan Mallory
- Aristolochic acid
- Chronic kidney disease
- Fibrosis
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- HE, hematoxylin/eosin
- LC–MS/MS, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
- LPA, lysophosphatidic acid
- LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine
- LPE, lysophosphatidylethanolamine
- LPG, lysophosphatidylglycerol
- LPI, lysophosphatidylinositol
- LPL, lysophospholipid
- LPS, lysophosphatidylserine
- Lysophosphatidic acid
- Lysophospholipid
- Nephrotoxicity
- PLA1, phospholipase A1
- PLA2, phospholipase A2
- lysoPLD, lysophospholipase D
- α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Tsutsumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Japan
| | - Syougo Yamakawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan
| | - Akira Ishihara
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Prefectural Nobeoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Aimi Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Tanaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan
| | - Akira Tokumura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan.,Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Japan
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Matthews JC, Zhang Z, Patterson JD, Bridges PJ, Stromberg AJ, Boling JA. Hepatic transcriptome profiles differ among maturing beef heifers supplemented with inorganic, organic, or mixed (50% inorganic:50% organic) forms of dietary selenium. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 160:321-39. [PMID: 24996959 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0050-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an important trace mineral that, due to deficiencies in the soil in many parts of the USA, must be supplemented directly to the diet of foraging cattle. Both organic and inorganic forms of dietary Se supplements are available and commonly used, and it is known that Se form affects tissue assimilation, bioavailability, and physiological responses. However, little is known about the effects of form of dietary Se supplements on gene expression profiles, which ostensibly account for Se form-dependent physiological processes. To determine if hepatic transcriptomes of growing beef (Angus-cross) heifers (0.5 kg gain/day) was altered by form of dietary supplemental Se, none (Control), or 3 mg Se/day as inorganic Se (ISe, sodium selenite), organic (OSe, Sel-Plex®), or a blend of ISe and OSe (1.5 mg:1.5 mg, Mix) Se was fed for 168 days, and the RNA expression profiles from biopsied liver tissues was compared by microarray analysis. The relative abundance of 139 RNA transcripts was affected by Se treatment, with 86 of these with complete gene annotations. Statistical and bioinformatic analysis of the annotated RNA transcripts revealed clear differences among the four Se treatment groups in their hepatic expression profiles, including (1) solely and commonly affected transcripts; (2) Control and OSe profiles being more similar than Mix and ISe treatments; (3) distinct OSe-, Mix-, and ISe-Se treatment-induced "phenotypes" that possessed both common and unique predicted physiological capacities; and (4) expression of three microRNAs were uniquely sensitive to OSe, ISe, or Mix treatments, including increased capacity for redox potential induced by OSe and Mix Se treatments resulting from decreased expression of MiR2300b messenger RNA. These findings indicate that the form of supplemental dietary Se consumed by cattle will affect the composition of liver transcriptomes resulting, presumably, in different physiological capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Matthews
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA,
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Impairment of brain and muscle energy metabolism detected by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in hereditary spastic paraparesis type 28 patients with DDHD1 mutations. J Neurol 2014; 261:1789-93. [PMID: 24989667 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-014-7418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in DDHD1 gene have been associated with the SPG28 subtype of Hereditary Spastic Paraparesis (HSP). Clinical phenotype includes axonal neuropathy, distal sensory loss, and cerebellar eye movement disturbances. We screened 96 index subjects from recessive HSP families for mutation and identified one family with two sibs carrying mutations in DDHD1 gene. Clinical, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging studies were performed, including MR spectroscopy of brain and muscle of the two mutated patients. Two novel heterozygous mutations in DDHD1 were found in the affected members of one family, with clinical features overlapping the SPG28 subtype. Of note, MR spectroscopy of brain and muscle in these patients indicated a mild deficit of brain energy metabolism in the oldest and most severely affected patient, while an impairment of energy metabolism was found in the skeletal muscle of both patients. Unlike the DDHD2 mutated patients, no evidence of lipid accumulation in the brain was found. Our data along with those previously reported suggest a dysfunction in the OXPHOS system possibly due to mitochondrial lipid content modification, which could be a central mechanism in the pathogenesis of SPG28.
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Enrichment of phosphatidylinositols with specific acyl chains. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:1501-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Klinkenberg D, Long KR, Shome K, Watkins SC, Aridor M. A cascade of ER exit site assembly that is regulated by p125A and lipid signals. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:1765-78. [PMID: 24522181 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.138784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The inner and outer layers of COPII mediate cargo sorting and vesicle biogenesis. Sec16A and p125A (officially known as SEC23IP) proteins interact with both layers to control coat activity, yet the steps directing functional assembly at ER exit sites (ERES) remain undefined. By using temperature blocks, we find that Sec16A is spatially segregated from p125A-COPII-coated ERES prior to ER exit at a step that required p125A. p125A used lipid signals to control ERES assembly. Within p125A, we defined a C-terminal DDHD domain found in phospholipases and PI transfer proteins that recognized PA and phosphatidylinositol phosphates in vitro and was targeted to PI4P-rich membranes in cells. A conserved central SAM domain promoted self-assembly and selective lipid recognition by the DDHD domain. A basic cluster and a hydrophobic interface in the DDHD and SAM domains, respectively, were required for p125A-mediated functional ERES assembly. Lipid recognition by the SAM-DDHD module was used to stabilize membrane association and regulate the spatial segregation of COPII from Sec16A, nucleating the coat at ERES for ER exit.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Klinkenberg
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3500 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is recognized as an important class of lipid messengers. The cellular PA levels are dynamic; PA is produced and metabolized by several enzymatic reactions, including different phospholipases, lipid kinases, and phosphatases. PA interacts with various proteins and the interactions may modulate enzyme catalytic activities and/or tether proteins to membranes. The PA-protein interactions are impacted by changes in cellular pH and other effectors, such as cations. PA is involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including vesicular trafficking, cytoskeletal organization, secretion, cell proliferation, and survival. Manipulations of different PA production reactions alter cellular and organismal response to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses. Further investigations of PA's function and mechanisms of action will advance not only the understanding of cell signaling networks but also may lead to biotechnological and pharmacological applications.
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Hereditary spastic paraplegia: clinico-pathologic features and emerging molecular mechanisms. Acta Neuropathol 2013; 126:307-28. [PMID: 23897027 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-013-1115-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a syndrome designation describing inherited disorders in which lower extremity weakness and spasticity are the predominant symptoms. There are more than 50 genetic types of HSP. HSP affects individuals of diverse ethnic groups with prevalence estimates ranging from 1.2 to 9.6 per 100,000. Symptoms may begin at any age. Gait impairment that begins after childhood usually worsens very slowly over many years. Gait impairment that begins in infancy and early childhood may not worsen significantly. Postmortem studies consistently identify degeneration of corticospinal tract axons (maximal in the thoracic spinal cord) and degeneration of fasciculus gracilis fibers (maximal in the cervico-medullary region). HSP syndromes thus appear to involve motor-sensory axon degeneration affecting predominantly (but not exclusively) the distal ends of long central nervous system (CNS) axons. In general, proteins encoded by HSP genes have diverse functions including (1) axon transport (e.g. SPG30/KIF1A, SPG10/KIF5A and possibly SPG4/Spastin); (2) endoplasmic reticulum morphology (e.g. SPG3A/Atlastin, SPG4/Spastin, SPG12/reticulon 2, and SPG31/REEP1, all of which interact); (3) mitochondrial function (e.g. SPG13/chaperonin 60/heat-shock protein 60, SPG7/paraplegin; and mitochondrial ATP6); (4) myelin formation (e.g. SPG2/Proteolipid protein and SPG42/Connexin 47); (5) protein folding and ER-stress response (SPG6/NIPA1, SPG8/K1AA0196 (Strumpellin), SGP17/BSCL2 (Seipin), "mutilating sensory neuropathy with spastic paraplegia" owing to CcT5 mutation and presumably SPG18/ERLIN2); (6) corticospinal tract and other neurodevelopment (e.g. SPG1/L1 cell adhesion molecule and SPG22/thyroid transporter MCT8); (7) fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism (e.g. SPG28/DDHD1, SPG35/FA2H, SPG39/NTE, SPG54/DDHD2, and SPG56/CYP2U1); and (8) endosome membrane trafficking and vesicle formation (e.g. SPG47/AP4B1, SPG48/KIAA0415, SPG50/AP4M1, SPG51/AP4E, SPG52/AP4S1, and VSPG53/VPS37A). The availability of animal models (including bovine, murine, zebrafish, Drosophila, and C. elegans) for many types of HSP permits exploration of disease mechanisms and potential treatments. This review highlights emerging concepts of this large group of clinically similar disorders.
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Alteration of fatty-acid-metabolizing enzymes affects mitochondrial form and function in hereditary spastic paraplegia. Am J Hum Genet 2012. [PMID: 23176821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is considered one of the most heterogeneous groups of neurological disorders, both clinically and genetically. The disease comprises pure and complex forms that clinically include slowly progressive lower-limb spasticity resulting from degeneration of the corticospinal tract. At least 48 loci accounting for these diseases have been mapped to date, and mutations have been identified in 22 genes, most of which play a role in intracellular trafficking. Here, we identified mutations in two functionally related genes (DDHD1 and CYP2U1) in individuals with autosomal-recessive forms of HSP by using either the classical positional cloning or a combination of whole-genome linkage mapping and next-generation sequencing. Interestingly, three subjects with CYP2U1 mutations presented with a thin corpus callosum, white-matter abnormalities, and/or calcification of the basal ganglia. These genes code for two enzymes involved in fatty-acid metabolism, and we have demonstrated in human cells that the HSP pathophysiology includes alteration of mitochondrial architecture and bioenergetics with increased oxidative stress. Our combined results focus attention on lipid metabolism as a critical HSP pathway with a deleterious impact on mitochondrial bioenergetic function.
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Grzelczyk A, Gendaszewska-Darmach E. Novel bioactive glycerol-based lysophospholipids: new data -- new insight into their function. Biochimie 2012; 95:667-79. [PMID: 23089136 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Based on the results of research conducted over last two decades, lysophospholipids (LPLs) were observed to be not only structural components of cellular membranes but also biologically active molecules influencing a broad variety of processes such as carcinogenesis, neurogenesis, immunity, vascular development or regulation of metabolic diseases. With a growing interest in the involvement of extracellular lysophospholipids in both normal physiology and pathology, it has become evident that those small molecules may have therapeutic potential. While lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) have been studied in detail, other LPLs such as lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG), lysophosphatidylserine (LPS), lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) or even lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) have not been elucidated to such a high degree. Although information concerning the latter LPLs is sparse as compared to LPA and S1P, within the last couple of years much progress has been made. Recently published data suggest that these compounds may regulate fundamental cellular activities by modulating multiple molecular targets, e.g. by binding to specific receptors and/or altering the structure and fluidity of lipid rafts. Therefore, the present review is devoted to novel bioactive glycerol-based lysophospholipids and recent findings concerning their functions and possible signaling pathways regulating physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grzelczyk
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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Inoue H, Baba T, Sato S, Ohtsuki R, Takemori A, Watanabe T, Tagaya M, Tani K. Roles of SAM and DDHD domains in mammalian intracellular phospholipase A1 KIAA0725p. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1823:930-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Lysophosphatidylinositol signalling: New wine from an old bottle. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1821:694-705. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Jang JH, Lee CS, Hwang D, Ryu SH. Understanding of the roles of phospholipase D and phosphatidic acid through their binding partners. Prog Lipid Res 2011; 51:71-81. [PMID: 22212660 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) is a phosphatidyl choline (PC)-hydrolyzing enzyme that generates phosphatidic acid (PA), a lipid second messenger that modulates diverse intracellular signaling. Through interactions with signaling molecules, both PLD and PA can mediate a variety of cellular functions, such as, growth/proliferation, vesicle trafficking, cytoskeleton modulation, development, and morphogenesis. Therefore, systemic approaches for investigating PLD networks including interrelationship between PLD and PA and theirs binding partners, such as proteins and lipids, can enhance fundamental knowledge of roles of PLD and PA in diverse biological processes. In this review, we summarize previously reported protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions of PLD and PA and their binding partners. In addition, we describe the functional roles played by PLD and PA in these interactions, and provide PLD network that summarizes these interactions. The PLD network suggests that PLD and PA could act as a decision maker and/or as a coordinator of signal dynamics. This viewpoint provides a turning point for understanding the roles of PLD-PA as a dynamic signaling hub.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hyeok Jang
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbook 790-784, South Korea
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Obara Y, Ueno S, Yanagihata Y, Nakahata N. Lysophosphatidylinositol causes neurite retraction via GPR55, G13 and RhoA in PC12 cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24284. [PMID: 21904624 PMCID: PMC3164175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR55 was recently identified as a putative receptor for certain cannabinoids, and lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI). Recently, the role of cannabinoids as GPR55 agonists has been disputed by a number of reports, in part, because studies investigating GPR55 often utilized overexpression systems, such as the GPR55-overexpressing HEK293 cells, which make it difficult to deduce the physiological role of endogenous GPR55. In the present study, we found that PC12 cells, a neural model cell line, express endogenous GPR55, and by using these cells, we were able to examine the role of endogenous GPR55. Although GPR55 mRNA and protein were expressed in PC12 cells, neither CB1 nor CB2 mRNA was expressed in these cells. GPR55 was predominantly localized on the plasma membrane in undifferentiated PC12 cells. However, GPR55 was also localized in the growth cones or the ruffled border in differentiated PC12 cells, suggesting a potential role for GPR55 in the regulation of neurite elongation. LPI increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration and RhoA activity, and induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, whereas endogenous and synthetic cannabinoids did not, thereby suggesting that cannabinoids are not GPR55 agonists. LPI also caused neurite retraction in a time-dependent manner accompanied by the loss of neurofilament light chain and redistribution of actin in PC12 cells differentiated by NGF. This LPI-induced neurite retraction was found to be Gq-independent and G13-dependent. Furthermore, inactivation of RhoA function via C3 toxin and GPR55 siRNA knockdown prevented LPI-induced neurite retraction. These results suggest that LPI, and not cannabinoids, causes neurite retraction in differentiated PC12 cells via a GPR55, G13 and RhoA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Obara
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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46
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Long JZ, Cravatt BF. The metabolic serine hydrolases and their functions in mammalian physiology and disease. Chem Rev 2011; 111:6022-63. [PMID: 21696217 DOI: 10.1021/cr200075y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Z Long
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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Abstract
GPR55 is a seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor and was originally identified as a putative third cannabinoid receptor. Recently, lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) was reported to be a GPR55 ligand. Stimulation of GPR55 by LPI activates G(12/13) and G(q/11) proteins, induces phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and increases intracellular calcium concentration. Lysophospholipids are molecularly quite diverse across species and tissues. A recent report showed that the predominant fatty acyl moiety of LPI in rat brain is stearic acid followed by arachidonic acid. The biological activity of arachidonic acid-containing LPI species towards GPR55 was shown to be markedly higher than that of LPI species containing other fatty acyl groups, suggesting that 2-arachidonolyl LPI is the most likely natural ligand of GPR55.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Okuno
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-85823, Japan.
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The GPR55 agonist lysophosphatidylinositol acts as an intracellular messenger and bidirectionally modulates Ca2+ -activated large-conductance K+ channels in endothelial cells. Pflugers Arch 2010; 461:177-89. [PMID: 21072666 PMCID: PMC3014879 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-010-0898-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Lysophospholipids are known to serve as intra- and extracellular messengers affecting many physiological processes. Lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), which is produced in endothelial cells, acts as an endogenous agonist of the orphan receptor, G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55). Stimulation of GPR55 by LPI evokes an intracellular Ca2+ rise in several cell types including endothelial cells. In this study, we investigated additional direct, receptor-independent effects of LPI on endothelial large-conductance Ca2+ and voltage-gated potassium (BKCa) channels. Electrophysiological experiments in the inside-out configuration revealed that LPI directly affects the BKCa channel gating properties. This effect of LPI strictly depended on the presence of Ca2+ and was concentration-dependent, reversible, and dual in nature. The modulating effects of LPI on endothelial BKCa channels correlated with their initial open probability (Po): stimulation at low Po (<0.3) and inhibition at high Po levels (>0.3). In the whole-cell configuration, LPI in the pipette facilitated membrane hyperpolarization in response to low (0.1–2 μM) histamine concentrations. In contrast, LPI counteracted membrane hyperpolarization in response to supramaximal cell stimulation with histamine. These results highlight a novel receptor-independent and direct bidirectional modulation of BKCa channels by LPI on endothelial cells. We conclude that LPI via this mechanism serves as an important modulator of endothelial electrical responses to cell stimulation.
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