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Gangwar A, Deodhar SS, Saldanha S, Melander O, Abbasi F, Pearce RW, Collier TS, McPhaul MJ, Furtado JD, Sacks FM, Merrill NJ, McDermott JE, Melchior JT, Rohatgi A. Proteomic Determinants of Variation in Cholesterol Efflux: Observations from the Dallas Heart Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15526. [PMID: 37958510 PMCID: PMC10648649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are promising targets for predicting and treating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), as they mediate removal of excess cholesterol from lipid-laden macrophages that accumulate in the vasculature. This functional property of HDLs, termed cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), is inversely associated with ASCVD. HDLs are compositionally diverse, associating with >250 different proteins, but their relative contribution to CEC remains poorly understood. Our goal was to identify and define key HDL-associated proteins that modulate CEC in humans. The proteomic signature of plasma HDL was quantified in 36 individuals in the multi-ethnic population-based Dallas Heart Study (DHS) cohort that exhibited persistent extremely high (>=90th%) or extremely low CEC (<=10th%) over 15 years. Levels of apolipoprotein (Apo)A-I associated ApoC-II, ApoC-III, and ApoA-IV were differentially correlated with CEC in high (r = 0.49, 0.41, and -0.21 respectively) and low (r = -0.46, -0.41, and 0.66 respectively) CEC groups (p for heterogeneity (pHet) = 0.03, 0.04, and 0.003 respectively). Further, we observed that levels of ApoA-I with ApoC-III, complement C3 (CO3), ApoE, and plasminogen (PLMG) were inversely associated with CEC in individuals within the low CEC group (r = -0.11 to -0.25 for subspecies with these proteins vs. r = 0.58 to 0.65 for subspecies lacking these proteins; p < 0.05 for heterogeneity). These findings suggest that enrichment of specific proteins on HDLs and, thus, different subspecies of HDLs, differentially modulate the removal of cholesterol from the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Gangwar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (A.G.); (S.S.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Sneha S. Deodhar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (A.G.); (S.S.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Suzanne Saldanha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (A.G.); (S.S.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 00 Malmö, Sweden;
| | - Fahim Abbasi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Ryan W. Pearce
- Quest Diagnostics Cardiometabolic Center of Excellence, Cleveland HeartLab, Cleveland, OH 44103, USA; (R.W.P.); (T.S.C.)
| | - Timothy S. Collier
- Quest Diagnostics Cardiometabolic Center of Excellence, Cleveland HeartLab, Cleveland, OH 44103, USA; (R.W.P.); (T.S.C.)
| | - Michael J. McPhaul
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA 92675, USA;
| | - Jeremy D. Furtado
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.D.F.); (F.M.S.)
- Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
| | - Frank M. Sacks
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.D.F.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Nathaniel J. Merrill
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA; (N.J.M.); (J.E.M.); (J.T.M.)
| | - Jason E. McDermott
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA; (N.J.M.); (J.E.M.); (J.T.M.)
| | - John T. Melchior
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA; (N.J.M.); (J.E.M.); (J.T.M.)
- Center for Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Science, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Anand Rohatgi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (A.G.); (S.S.D.); (S.S.)
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Chen CN, Hsu KJ, Chien KY, Chen JJ. Effects of Combined High-Protein Diet and Exercise Intervention on Cardiometabolic Health in Middle-Aged Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:705282. [PMID: 34485407 PMCID: PMC8415300 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.705282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is the main risk factor of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and metabolic diseases. The middle-aged population is the age group with the highest prevalence of obesity. Thus, improving cardiometabolic health is important to prevent CVD and metabolic diseases in middle-aged obese adults. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of exercise alone or in combination with a high-protein diet on markers of cardiometabolic health in middle-aged adults with obesity. Methods: Sixty-nine middle-aged adults with obesity were assigned randomly to the control group (C; n = 23), exercise group (E; n = 23), or exercise combined with high-protein diet group (EP; n = 23). Individuals in the E and EP groups received supervised exercise training and individuals in the EP group received high-protein diet intervention. Body composition (assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), lipid profiles, and inflammatory markers were determined before and after 12 weeks of intervention. Insulin sensitivity index (ISI0,120) was calculated from values of fasting and 2-h insulin and glucose concentration of OGTT. Insulin-peak-time during the OGTT was recorded to reflect β-cell function. Analysis of covariance with baseline values as covariates was used to examine the effects of the intervention. The significant level was set at 0.05. Results: After 12 weeks of intervention, the E group had a greater percentage of individuals with early insulin-peak-time during the OGTT than that in the C and EP groups (p = 0.031). EP group had lower total cholesterol and triglycerides than that in the C group (p = 0.046 and 0.014, respectively). Within-group comparisons showed that the 2-h glucose of OGTT and C-reactive protein decreased in the EP group (p = 0.013 and 0.008, respectively) but not in the E and C groups; insulin sensitivity improved in the EP group (p = 0.016) and had a trend to improve in the E group (p = 0.052); and abdominal fat mass and total body fat mass decreased in both intervention groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Combined high-protein diet and exercise intervention significantly decreased fat mass and improved lipid profiles, insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and inflammation in middle-aged adults with obesity. Clinical Trial Registration: Thai Clinical Trials Registry, TCTR20180913003, 13-09-2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Nan Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Jen Hsu
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Yu Chien
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jeu-Jung Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Sacks FM, Liang L, Furtado JD, Cai T, Davidson WS, He Z, McClelland RL, Rimm EB, Jensen MK. Protein-Defined Subspecies of HDLs (High-Density Lipoproteins) and Differential Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in 4 Prospective Studies. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2714-2727. [PMID: 32907368 PMCID: PMC7577984 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HDL (high-density lipoprotein) contains functional proteins that define single subspecies, each comprising 1% to 12% of the total HDL. We studied the differential association with coronary heart disease (CHD) of 15 such subspecies. Approach and Results: We measured plasma apoA1 (apolipoprotein A1) concentrations of 15 protein-defined HDL subspecies in 4 US-based prospective studies. Among participants without CVD at baseline, 932 developed CHD during 10 to 25 years. They were matched 1:1 to controls who did not experience CHD. In each cohort, hazard ratios for each subspecies were computed by conditional logistic regression and combined by meta-analysis. Higher levels of HDL subspecies containing alpha-2 macroglobulin, CoC3 (complement C3), HP (haptoglobin), or PLMG (plasminogen) were associated with higher relative risk compared with the HDL counterpart lacking the defining protein (hazard ratio range, 0.96-1.11 per 1 SD increase versus 0.73-0.81, respectively; P for heterogeneity <0.05). In contrast, HDL containing apoC1 or apoE were associated with lower relative risk compared with the counterpart (hazard ratio, 0.74; P=0.002 and 0.77, P=0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Several subspecies of HDL defined by single proteins that are involved in thrombosis, inflammation, immunity, and lipid metabolism are found in small fractions of total HDL and are associated with higher relative risk of CHD compared with HDL that lacks the defining protein. In contrast, HDL containing apoC1 or apoE are robustly associated with lower risk. The balance between beneficial and harmful subspecies in a person's HDL sample may determine the risk of CHD pertaining to HDL and paths to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank M. Sacks
- Corresponding author: Frank M. Sacks, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115; ; 617-432-1420
| | | | | | - Tianxi Cai
- Departments of Nutrition (FMS, JFD, MKJ, EBR), Epidemiology (MKJ and EBR) and Biostatistics (ZH, TC, LL), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati (WSD); Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (EBR, FMS); and University of Washington, Seattle, WA (RLM)
| | - W. Sean Davidson
- Departments of Nutrition (FMS, JFD, MKJ, EBR), Epidemiology (MKJ and EBR) and Biostatistics (ZH, TC, LL), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati (WSD); Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (EBR, FMS); and University of Washington, Seattle, WA (RLM)
| | - Zeling He
- Departments of Nutrition (FMS, JFD, MKJ, EBR), Epidemiology (MKJ and EBR) and Biostatistics (ZH, TC, LL), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati (WSD); Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (EBR, FMS); and University of Washington, Seattle, WA (RLM)
| | - Robyn L. McClelland
- Departments of Nutrition (FMS, JFD, MKJ, EBR), Epidemiology (MKJ and EBR) and Biostatistics (ZH, TC, LL), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati (WSD); Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (EBR, FMS); and University of Washington, Seattle, WA (RLM)
| | - Eric B. Rimm
- Departments of Nutrition (FMS, JFD, MKJ, EBR), Epidemiology (MKJ and EBR) and Biostatistics (ZH, TC, LL), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati (WSD); Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (EBR, FMS); and University of Washington, Seattle, WA (RLM)
| | - Majken K. Jensen
- Departments of Nutrition (FMS, JFD, MKJ, EBR), Epidemiology (MKJ and EBR) and Biostatistics (ZH, TC, LL), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati (WSD); Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (EBR, FMS); and University of Washington, Seattle, WA (RLM)
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4
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Christinat N, Masoodi M. Comprehensive Lipoprotein Characterization Using Lipidomics Analysis of Human Plasma. J Proteome Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Christinat
- Lipid Biology, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Bâtiment
H, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mojgan Masoodi
- Lipid Biology, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Bâtiment
H, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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5
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Ortiz-Munoz G, Couret D, Lapergue B, Bruckert E, Meseguer E, Amarenco P, Meilhac O. Dysfunctional HDL in acute stroke. Atherosclerosis 2016; 253:75-80. [PMID: 27591364 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS HDL-cholesterol concentration is a reliable negative risk factor for acute cerebral infarction (ACI). Beyond quantitative aspects, our aim was to determine whether lipoprotein profiles and HDL functionality were altered at the acute phase of ischemic stroke. METHODS Blood was taken from ACI patients within 4.5 h of symptom onset. Lipoproteins were separated by electrophoresis for determination of particle size. HDLs were isolated from plasma of patients (n = 10) and controls (n = 10) by ultracentrifugation. The relative amounts of paraoxonase 1 (PON1), α1antitrypsin (AAT) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were determined by Western blot. HDL functional assays were performed on human-brain endothelial cells stimulated with TNFα. RESULTS Stroke patients had higher proportion of large HDL particles relative to controls (37.8 ± 11.8 vs. 28.4 ± 6.6, p = 0.04). HDLs from patients contained significantly less ApoA1 (1.63 ± 0.42 vs. 2.54 ± 0.71 mg/mL, p = 0.0026) and PON1 (4598 ± 1921 vs. 6598 ± 1127 AU, p = 0.01) than those from controls, whereas MPO and AAT were more abundant in HDLs isolated from ACI patients (respectively 3657 ± 1457 vs. 2012 ± 1234 and 3347 ± 917 vs. 2472 ± 470 AU, p = 0.014 and p = 0.015). HDLs reduced the expression of VCAM1, MCP1 and MMP3 mRNA induced by TNFα in blood-brain barrier endothelial cells. HDLs from patients were less effective in inhibiting TNFα-induced transcription of these genes (respectively 38.6 vs. 55.6% for VCAM1, p = 0.047, 44 vs. 48.1% for MCP1, p = 0.015 and 70 vs. 74% for MMP3, p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS ACI may be associated with a modified distribution of HDL particles (increased proportion of large particles) and HDL-binding proteins, resulting in an inappropriate protection of endothelial cells under ischemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Ortiz-Munoz
- Inserm, UMR1148, Paris, F-75018, France; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, F-75018, France
| | - David Couret
- Inserm, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, F-97490, France; Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188, Sainte-Clotilde, F-97490, France; CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Bertrand Lapergue
- Inserm, UMR1148, Paris, F-75018, France; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, F-75018, France; AP-HP, Department of Neurology, Bichat Stroke Center, Paris, F-75018, France
| | - Eric Bruckert
- AP-HP, CHU La Pitié Salpétrière, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Elena Meseguer
- Inserm, UMR1148, Paris, F-75018, France; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, F-75018, France; AP-HP, Department of Neurology, Bichat Stroke Center, Paris, F-75018, France
| | - Pierre Amarenco
- Inserm, UMR1148, Paris, F-75018, France; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, F-75018, France; AP-HP, Department of Neurology, Bichat Stroke Center, Paris, F-75018, France
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Inserm, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, F-97490, France; Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188, Sainte-Clotilde, F-97490, France; CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France.
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6
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Versmissen J, Vongpromek R, Yahya R, van der Net JB, van Vark-van der Zee L, Blommesteijn-Touw J, Wattimena D, Rietveld T, Pullinger CR, Christoffersen C, Dahlbäck B, Kane JP, Mulder M, Sijbrands EJG. Familial hypercholesterolaemia: cholesterol efflux and coronary disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2016; 46:643-50. [PMID: 27208892 PMCID: PMC5113689 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease (CHD) risk inversely associates with levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The protective effect of HDL is thought to depend on its functionality, such as its ability to induce cholesterol efflux. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared plasma cholesterol efflux capacity between male familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) patients with and without CHD relative to their non-FH brothers, and examined HDL constituents including sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and its carrier apolipoprotein M (apoM). RESULTS Seven FH patients were asymptomatic and six had experienced a cardiac event at a mean age of 39 years. Compared to their non-FH brothers, cholesterol efflux from macrophages to plasma from the FH patients without CHD was 16 ± 22% (mean ± SD) higher and to plasma from the FH patients with CHD was 7 ± 8% lower (P = 0·03, CHD vs. non-CHD). Compared to their non-FH brothers, FH patients without CHD displayed significantly higher levels of HDL-cholesterol, HDL-S1P and apoM, while FH patients with CHD displayed lower levels than their non-FH brothers. CONCLUSIONS A higher plasma cholesterol efflux capacity and higher S1P and apoM content of HDL in asymptomatic FH patients may play a role in their apparent protection from premature CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorie Versmissen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Vascular and Metabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ranitha Vongpromek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Vascular and Metabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reyhana Yahya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Vascular and Metabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen B van der Net
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Vascular and Metabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leonie van Vark-van der Zee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Vascular and Metabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeannette Blommesteijn-Touw
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Vascular and Metabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Darcos Wattimena
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Vascular and Metabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Trinet Rietveld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Vascular and Metabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Clive R Pullinger
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Björn Dahlbäck
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Skån University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - John P Kane
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Monique Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Vascular and Metabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric J G Sijbrands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Vascular and Metabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Lee-Rueckert M, Escola-Gil JC, Kovanen PT. HDL functionality in reverse cholesterol transport--Challenges in translating data emerging from mouse models to human disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:566-83. [PMID: 26968096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Whereas LDL-derived cholesterol accumulates in atherosclerotic lesions, HDL particles are thought to facilitate removal of cholesterol from the lesions back to the liver thereby promoting its fecal excretion from the body. Because generation of cholesterol-loaded macrophages is inherent to atherogenesis, studies on the mechanisms stimulating the release of cholesterol from these cells and its ultimate excretion into feces are crucial to learn how to prevent lesion development or even induce lesion regression. Modulation of this key anti-atherogenic pathway, known as the macrophage-specific reverse cholesterol transport, has been extensively studied in several mouse models with the ultimate aim of applying the emerging knowledge to humans. The present review provides a detailed comparison and critical analysis of the various steps of reverse cholesterol transport in mouse and man. We attempt to translate this in vivo complex scenario into practical concepts, which could serve as valuable tools when developing novel HDL-targeted therapies.
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8
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A disposable electrochemical sensor based on protein G for High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) detection. Talanta 2015; 144:466-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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9
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Fisher G, Brown AW, Bohan Brown MM, Alcorn A, Noles C, Winwood L, Resuehr H, George B, Jeansonne MM, Allison DB. High Intensity Interval- vs Moderate Intensity- Training for Improving Cardiometabolic Health in Overweight or Obese Males: A Randomized Controlled Trial. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138853. [PMID: 26489022 PMCID: PMC4619258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare the effects of six weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) vs continuous moderate intensity training (MIT) for improving body composition, insulin sensitivity (SI), blood pressure, blood lipids, and cardiovascular fitness in a cohort of sedentary overweight or obese young men. We hypothesized that HIIT would result in similar improvements in body composition, cardiovascular fitness, blood lipids, and SI as compared to the MIT group, despite requiring only one hour of activity per week compared to five hours per week for the MIT group. Methods 28 sedentary overweight or obese men (age, 20 ± 1.5 years, body mass index 29.5 ± 3.3 kg/m2) participated in a six week exercise treatment. Participants were randomly assigned to HIIT or MIT and evaluated at baseline and post-training. DXA was used to assess body composition, graded treadmill exercise test to measure cardiovascular fitness, oral glucose tolerance to measure SI, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to assess lipoprotein particles, and automatic auscultation to measure blood pressure. Results A greater improvement in VO2peak was observed in MIT compared to HIIT (11.1% vs 2.83%, P = 0.0185) in the complete-case analysis. No differences were seen in the intention to treat analysis, and no other group differences were observed. Both exercise conditions were associated with temporal improvements in % body fat, total cholesterol, medium VLDL, medium HDL, triglycerides, SI, and VO2peak (P < 0.05). Conclusion Participation in HIIT or MIT exercise training displayed: 1) improved SI, 2) reduced blood lipids, 3) decreased % body fat, and 4) improved cardiovascular fitness. While both exercise groups led to similar improvements for most cardiometabolic risk factors assessed, MIT led to a greater improvement in overall cardiovascular fitness. Overall, these observations suggest that a relatively short duration of either HIIT or MIT training may improve cardiometabolic risk factors in previously sedentary overweight or obese young men, with no clear advantage between these two specific regimes (Clinical Trial Registry number NCT01935323). Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01935323
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Fisher
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America; Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America; Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Andrew W Brown
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America; Office of Energetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Michelle M Bohan Brown
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America; Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States of America
| | - Amy Alcorn
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America; Office of Energetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Corey Noles
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Leah Winwood
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Holly Resuehr
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America; Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Brandon George
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America; Office of Energetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Madeline M Jeansonne
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America; Office of Energetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - David B Allison
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America; Office of Energetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America; Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
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Bisoendial R, Tabet F, Tak PP, Petrides F, Cuesta Torres LF, Hou L, Cook A, Barter PJ, Weninger W, Rye KA. Apolipoprotein A-I Limits the Negative Effect of Tumor Necrosis Factor on Lymphangiogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2443-50. [PMID: 26359513 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lymphatic endothelial dysfunction underlies the pathogenesis of many chronic inflammatory disorders. The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is known for its role in disrupting the function of the lymphatic vasculature. This study investigates the ability of apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, the principal apolipoprotein of high-density lipoproteins, to preserve the normal function of lymphatic endothelial cells treated with TNF. APPROACH AND RESULTS TNF decreased the ability of lymphatic endothelial cells to form tube-like structures. Preincubation of lymphatic endothelial cells with apoA-I attenuated the TNF-mediated inhibition of tube formation in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, apoA-I reversed the TNF-mediated suppression of lymphatic endothelial cell migration and lymphatic outgrowth in thoracic duct rings. ApoA-I also abrogated the negative effect of TNF on lymphatic neovascularization in an ATP-binding cassette transporter A1-dependent manner. At the molecular level, this involved downregulation of TNF receptor-1 and the conservation of prospero-related homeobox gene-1 expression, a master regulator of lymphangiogenesis. ApoA-I also re-established the normal phenotype of the lymphatic network in the diaphragms of human TNF transgenic mice. CONCLUSIONS ApoA-I restores the neovascularization capacity of the lymphatic system during TNF-mediated inflammation. This study provides a proof-of-concept that high-density lipoprotein-based therapeutic strategies may attenuate chronic inflammation via its action on lymphatic vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radjesh Bisoendial
- From the Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Immune Imaging, Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., A.C., W.W.); Lipid Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.P.T.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom (P.P.T.); Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (P.P.T.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.C., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.); and Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.)
| | - Fatiha Tabet
- From the Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Immune Imaging, Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., A.C., W.W.); Lipid Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.P.T.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom (P.P.T.); Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (P.P.T.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.C., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.); and Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.)
| | - Paul P Tak
- From the Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Immune Imaging, Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., A.C., W.W.); Lipid Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.P.T.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom (P.P.T.); Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (P.P.T.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.C., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.); and Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.)
| | - Francine Petrides
- From the Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Immune Imaging, Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., A.C., W.W.); Lipid Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.P.T.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom (P.P.T.); Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (P.P.T.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.C., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.); and Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.)
| | - Luisa F Cuesta Torres
- From the Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Immune Imaging, Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., A.C., W.W.); Lipid Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.P.T.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom (P.P.T.); Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (P.P.T.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.C., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.); and Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.)
| | - Liming Hou
- From the Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Immune Imaging, Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., A.C., W.W.); Lipid Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.P.T.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom (P.P.T.); Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (P.P.T.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.C., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.); and Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.)
| | - Adam Cook
- From the Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Immune Imaging, Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., A.C., W.W.); Lipid Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.P.T.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom (P.P.T.); Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (P.P.T.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.C., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.); and Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.)
| | - Philip J Barter
- From the Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Immune Imaging, Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., A.C., W.W.); Lipid Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.P.T.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom (P.P.T.); Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (P.P.T.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.C., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.); and Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.)
| | - Wolfgang Weninger
- From the Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Immune Imaging, Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., A.C., W.W.); Lipid Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.P.T.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom (P.P.T.); Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (P.P.T.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.C., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.); and Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.)
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- From the Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Immune Imaging, Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., A.C., W.W.); Lipid Research Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.B., F.T., F.P., L.F.C.T., L.H., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.P.T.); GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom (P.P.T.); Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (P.P.T.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.C., P.J.B., K.A.R.); Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.); and Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia (W.W.).
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11
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Graham A, Allen AM. Mitochondrial function and regulation of macrophage sterol metabolism and inflammatory responses. World J Cardiol 2015; 7:277-286. [PMID: 26015858 PMCID: PMC4438467 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v7.i5.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to explore the role of mitochondria in regulating macrophage sterol homeostasis and inflammatory responses within the aetiology of atherosclerosis. Macrophage generation of oxysterol activators of liver X receptors (LXRs), via sterol 27-hydroxylase, is regulated by the rate of flux of cholesterol to the inner mitochondrial membrane, via a complex of cholesterol trafficking proteins. Oxysterols are key signalling molecules, regulating the transcriptional activity of LXRs which coordinate macrophage sterol metabolism and cytokine production, key features influencing the impact of these cells within atherosclerotic lesions. The precise identity of the complex of proteins mediating mitochondrial cholesterol trafficking in macrophages remains a matter of debate, but may include steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and translocator protein. There is clear evidence that targeting either of these proteins enhances removal of cholesterol via LXRα-dependent induction of ATP binding cassette transporters (ABCA1, ABCG1) and limits the production of inflammatory cytokines; interventions which influence mitochondrial structure and bioenergetics also impact on removal of cholesterol from macrophages. Thus, molecules which can sustain or improve mitochondrial structure, the function of the electron transport chain, or increase the activity of components of the protein complex involved in cholesterol transfer, may therefore have utility in limiting or regressing atheroma development, reducing the incidence of coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction.
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12
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Hafiane A, Genest J. High density lipoproteins: Measurement techniques and potential biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. BBA CLINICAL 2015; 3:175-88. [PMID: 26674734 PMCID: PMC4661556 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) comprises a heterogeneous family of lipoprotein species, differing in surface charge, size and lipid and protein compositions. While HDL cholesterol (C) mass is a strong, graded and coherent biomarker of cardiovascular risk, genetic and clinical trial data suggest that the simple measurement of HDL-C may not be causal in preventing atherosclerosis nor reflect HDL functionality. Indeed, the measurement of HDL-C may be a biomarker of cardiovascular health. To assess the issue of HDL function as a potential therapeutic target, robust and simple analytical methods are required. The complex pleiotropic effects of HDL make the development of a single measurement challenging. Development of laboratory assays that accurately HDL function must be developed validated and brought to high-throughput for clinical purposes. This review discusses the limitations of current laboratory technologies for methods that separate and quantify HDL and potential application to predict CVD, with an emphasis on emergent approaches as potential biomarkers in clinical practice.
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Key Words
- 2D-PAGGE, two dimensional polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis
- ApoA-I, apolipoprotein A-I
- Apolipoprotein A-I
- Atherosclerosis
- Biomarkers of cardiovascular risk
- CHD, coronary heart disease
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- Cellular cholesterol efflux
- Coronary artery disease
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- HPLC, High Performance Liquid Chromatography
- High density lipoproteins
- LCAT, lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- MALDI, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization
- MOP, myeloperoxidase
- MS/MS, tandem-mass spectrometry
- ND-PAGGE, non-denaturant polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- PON1, paraoxonase 1
- SELDI, surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization
- TOF, time-of-flight
- UTC, ultracentrifugation
- Vascular endothelial function
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouar Hafiane
- McGill University Health Center, Royal Victoria Hospital, 687 Avenue des Pins West, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Jacques Genest
- McGill University Health Center, Royal Victoria Hospital, 687 Avenue des Pins West, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
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13
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Vollenweider P, von Eckardstein A, Widmann C. HDLs, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2015; 224:405-21. [PMID: 25522996 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09665-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and of the metabolic syndrome is rising worldwide and reaching epidemic proportions. These pathologies are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, in particular with an excess of cardiovascular deaths. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and the cluster of pathologies including insulin resistance, central obesity, high blood pressure, and hypertriglyceridemia that constitute the metabolic syndrome are associated with low levels of HDL cholesterol and the presence of dysfunctional HDLs. We here review the epidemiological evidence and the potential underlying mechanisms of this association. We first discuss the well-established association of type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance with alterations of lipid metabolism and how these alterations may lead to low levels of HDL cholesterol and the occurrence of dysfunctional HDLs. We then present and discuss the evidence showing that HDL modulates insulin sensitivity, insulin-independent glucose uptake, insulin secretion, and beta cell survival. A dysfunction in these actions could play a direct role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Waeber C, Walther T. Sphingosine-1-phosphate as a potential target for the treatment of myocardial infarction. Circ J 2014; 78:795-802. [PMID: 24632793 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-14-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the role of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling in the heart, with particular emphasis on how it could be modulated therapeutically in the context of myocardial infarction (MI). After a brief general description of sphingolipid metabolism and signaling, this review will examine the relationship between S1P and the beneficial effects of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and finally focus on the known actions of S1P on different mechanisms relevant to MI pathophysiology (cardiomyocyte protection, fibrosis, remodeling, arrhythmia, control of vascular tone and potential repair mechanisms). The potential of particular enzyme isoforms or receptor subtypes for the development of therapeutic agents for MI will also be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Waeber
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork
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15
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Clinical impact of direct HDLc and LDLc method bias in hypertriglyceridemia. A simulation study of the EAS-EFLM Collaborative Project Group. Atherosclerosis 2014; 233:83-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a complex mixture of lipoproteins that is associated with many minor proteins and lipids that influence the function of HDL. Although HDL is a promising marker and potential therapeutic target based on its epidemiological data and the effects of healthy HDL in vitro in endothelial cells and macrophages, as well as based on infusion studies of reconstituted HDL in patients with hypercholesterolemia, it remains still uncertain whether or not HDL cholesterol–raising drugs will improve outcomes. Recent studies suggest that HDL becomes modified in patients with coronary artery disease or acute coronary syndrome because of oxidative processes that result in alterations in its proteome composition (proteome remodelling) leading to HDL dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F. Lüscher
- From Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center (T.F.L., U.L.), and Department of Clinical Chemistry (A.v.E.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (T.F.L., U.L.); and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (A.M.F.)
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- From Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center (T.F.L., U.L.), and Department of Clinical Chemistry (A.v.E.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (T.F.L., U.L.); and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (A.M.F.)
| | - Arnold von Eckardstein
- From Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center (T.F.L., U.L.), and Department of Clinical Chemistry (A.v.E.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (T.F.L., U.L.); and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (A.M.F.)
| | - Alan M. Fogelman
- From Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center (T.F.L., U.L.), and Department of Clinical Chemistry (A.v.E.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (T.F.L., U.L.); and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (A.M.F.)
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17
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Toledo-Ibelles P, Franco M, Carreón-Torres E, Luc G, Tailleux A, Vargas-Alarcón G, Fragoso JM, Aguilar-Salinas C, Luna-Luna M, Pérez-Méndez O. Normal HDL-apo AI turnover and cholesterol enrichment of HDL subclasses in New Zealand rabbits with partial nephrectomy. Metabolism 2013; 62:492-8. [PMID: 23089050 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The kidney has been proposed to play a central role in apo AI catabolism, suggesting that HDL structure is determined, at least in part, by this organ. Here, we aimed at determining the effects of a renal mass reduction on HDL size distribution, lipid content, and apo AI turnover. METHODS We characterized HDL subclasses in rabbits with a 75% reduction of functional renal mass (Nptx group), using enzymatic staining of samples separated on polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels, and also performed kinetic studies using radiolabeled HDL-apo AI in this animal model. RESULTS Creatinine clearance was reduced to 35% after nephrectomy as compared to the basal values, but without increased proteinuria. A slight, but significant modification of the relative HDL size distribution was observed after nephrectomy, whereas cholesterol plasma concentrations gradually augmented from large HDL2b (+54%) to small HDL3b particles (+150%, P<0.05). Cholesteryl esters were the increased fraction; in contrast, free cholesterol phospholipids and triglycerides of HDL subclasses were not affected by nephrectomy. HDL-apo AI fractional catabolic rates were similar to controls. CONCLUSION Reduction of functional renal mass is associated to enrichment of HDL subclasses with cholesteryl esters. Structural abnormalities were not related to a low apo AI turnover, suggesting renal contribution to HDL remodeling beyond being just a catabolic site for these lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Toledo-Ibelles
- Molecular Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico D.F
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18
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Abstract
Cholesterol trafficking from the outer to the cholesterol-poor inner mitochondrial membrane requires energized, polarized and actively respiring mitochondria, mediated by a highly regulated multimeric (140-200 kDa) protein complex comprising StAR (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein), mitochondrial TSPO (translocator protein), VDAC (voltage-dependent anion channel), ANT (adenine nucleotide transporter) and associated regulatory proteins. Mitochondrial cholesterol transport is rate-limiting in the CYP27A1 (sterol 27-hydroxylase)-dependent generation of oxysterol ligands for LXR (liver X receptor) transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes encoding proteins in the cholesterol efflux pathway, such as ABC transporters (ATP-binding cassette transporters) ABCA1 and ABCG1. These transporters transfer cholesterol and/or phospholipids across the plasma membrane to (apo)lipoprotein acceptors, generating nascent HDLs (high-density lipoproteins), which can safely transport excess cholesterol through the bloodstream to the liver for excretion in bile. Utilizing information from steroidogenic tissues, we propose that perturbations in mitochondrial function may reduce the efficiency of the cholesterol efflux pathway, favouring accumulation of cholesteryl ester 'foam cells' and allowing the toxic accumulation of free cholesterol at the interface between the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondrial membrane. In turn, this will trigger opening of the permeability transition pore, allowing unregulated production of oxysterols via CYP27A1, allowing the accumulation of esterified forms of this oxysterol within human atherosclerotic lesions. Defective cholesterol efflux also induces endoplasmic reticulum stress, proteasomal degradation of ABCA1 and Fas-dependent apoptosis, replicating findings in macrophages in advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Small molecules targeted to mitochondria, capable of sustaining mitochondrial function or improving cholesterol trafficking may aid cholesterol efflux from macrophage 'foam' cells, regressing and stabilizing the atherosclerotic plaque.
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19
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McNeal CJ, Chatterjee S, Hou J, Worthy LS, Larner CD, Macfarlane RD, Alaupovic P, Brocia RW. Human HDL containing a novel apoC-I isoform induces smooth muscle cell apoptosis. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 98:83-93. [PMID: 23354389 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS We discovered that some adults with coronary heart disease (CHD) have a high density lipoprotein (HDL) subclass which induces human aortic smooth muscle cell (ASMC) apoptosis in vitro. The purpose of this investigation was to determine what properties differentiate apoptotic and non-apoptotic HDL subclasses in adults with and without CHD. METHODS AND RESULTS Density gradient ultracentrifugation was used to measure the particle density distribution and to isolate two HDL subclass fractions, HDL2 and HDL3, from 21 individuals, including 12 without CHD. The HDL fractions were incubated with ASMCs for 24 h; apoptosis was quantitated relative to C2-ceramide and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). The observed effect of some HDL subclasses on apoptosis was ∼6-fold greater than TNF-α and ∼16-fold greater than the cell medium. We observed that apoptotic HDL was (i) predominately associated with the HDL2 subclass; (ii) almost exclusively found in individuals with a higher apoC-I serum level and a novel, higher molecular weight isoform of apoC-I; and (iii) more common in adults with CHD, the majority of whom had high (>60 mg/dL) HDL-C levels. CONCLUSIONS Some HDL subclasses enriched in a novel isoform of apoC-I induce extensive ASMC apoptosis in vitro. Individuals with this apoptotic HDL phenotype generally have higher apoC-I and HDL-C levels consistent with an inhibitory effect of apoC-I on cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity. The association of this phenotype with processes that can promote plaque rupture may explain a source of CHD risk not accounted for by the classical risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J McNeal
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX 76508, USA.
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20
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Sreckovic I, Birner-Gruenberger R, Obrist B, Stojakovic T, Scharnagl H, Holzer M, Scholler M, Philipose S, Marsche G, Lang U, Desoye G, Wadsack C. Distinct composition of human fetal HDL attenuates its anti-oxidative capacity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:737-46. [PMID: 23321267 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In human high-density lipoprotein (HDL) represents the major cholesterol carrying lipoprotein class in cord blood, while cholesterol is mainly carried by low-density lipoprotein in maternal serum. Additionally, to carrying cholesterol, HDL also associates with a range of proteins as cargo. We tested the hypothesis that fetal HDL carries proteins qualitatively and quantitatively different from maternal HDL. These differences then contribute to distinct HDL functionality in both circulations. Shotgun proteomics and biochemical analyses were used to assess composition/function of fetal and maternal HDL isolated from uncomplicated human pregnancies at term of gestation. The pattern of analyzed proteins that were statistically elevated in fetal HDL (apoE, proteins involved in coagulation, transport processes) suggests a particle characteristic for the light HDL2 sub-fraction. In contrast, proteins that were enriched in maternal HDL (apoL, apoF, PON1, apoD, apoCs) have been described almost exclusively in the dense HDL3 fraction and relevant to its anti-oxidative function and role in innate immunity. Strikingly, PON1 mass and activity were 5-fold lower (p<0.01) in the fetus, which was accompanied by attenuation of anti-oxidant capacity of fetal HDL. Despite almost equal quantity of CETP in maternal and fetal HDL, its enzymatic activity was 55% lower (p<0.001) in the fetal circulation, whereas LCAT activity was not altered. These findings indicate that maternally derived HDL differs from fetal HDL with respect to its proteome, size and function. Absence of apoA-1, apoL and PON1 on fetal HDL is associated with decreased anti-oxidative properties together with deficiency in innate immunity collectively indicating distinct HDLs in fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Sreckovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
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Zhang B, Kawachi E, Miura SI, Uehara Y, Matsunaga A, Kuroki M, Saku K. Therapeutic Approaches to the Regulation of Metabolism of High-Density Lipoprotein. Circ J 2013; 77:2651-63. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-12-1584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
- The AIG Collaborative Research Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
| | - Emi Kawachi
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
| | - Shin-ichiro Miura
- The AIG Collaborative Research Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
| | - Yoshinari Uehara
- The AIG Collaborative Research Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
| | - Akira Matsunaga
- The AIG Collaborative Research Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
| | - Masahide Kuroki
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
| | - Keijiro Saku
- The AIG Collaborative Research Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
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22
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Hambruch E, Miyazaki-Anzai S, Hahn U, Matysik S, Boettcher A, Perović-Ottstadt S, Schlüter T, Kinzel O, Krol HD, Deuschle U, Burnet M, Levi M, Schmitz G, Miyazaki M, Kremoser C. Synthetic farnesoid X receptor agonists induce high-density lipoprotein-mediated transhepatic cholesterol efflux in mice and monkeys and prevent atherosclerosis in cholesteryl ester transfer protein transgenic low-density lipoprotein receptor (-/-) mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 343:556-67. [PMID: 22918042 PMCID: PMC11047796 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.196519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a bile acid-activated nuclear hormone receptor, plays an important role in the regulation of cholesterol and more specifically high-density lipoprotein (HDL) homeostasis. Activation of FXR is reported to lead to both pro- and anti-atherosclerotic effects. In the present study we analyzed the impact of different FXR agonists on cholesterol homeostasis, plasma lipoprotein profiles, and transhepatic cholesterol efflux in C57BL/6J mice and cynomolgus monkeys and atherosclerosis development in cholesteryl ester transfer protein transgenic (CETPtg) low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) (-/-) mice. In C57BL/6J mice on a high-fat diet the synthetic FXR agonists isopropyl 3-(3,4-difluorobenzoyl)-1,1-dimethyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole-5-carboxylate (FXR-450) and 4-[2-[2-chloro-4-[[5-cyclopropyl-3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4-isoxazolyl]methoxy]phenyl]cyclopropyl]benzoic acid (PX20606) demonstrated potent plasma cholesterol-lowering activity that affected all lipoprotein species, whereas 3-[2-[2-chloro-4-[[3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-(1-methylethyl)-4-isoxazolyl]methoxy]phenyl]ethenyl]benzoic acid (GW4064) and 6-ethyl chenodeoxycholic acid (6-ECDCA) showed only limited effects. In FXR wild-type mice, but not FXR(-/-) mice, the more efficacious FXR agonists increased fecal cholesterol excretion and reduced intestinal cholesterol (re)uptake. In CETPtg-LDLR(-/-) mice PX20606 potently lowered total cholesterol and, despite the observed HDL cholesterol (HDLc) reduction, caused a highly significant decrease in atherosclerotic plaque size. In normolipidemic cynomolgus monkeys PX20606 and 6-ECDCA both reduced total cholesterol, and PX20606 specifically lowered HDL(2c) but not HDL(3c) or apolipoprotein A1. That pharmacological FXR activation specifically affects this cholesterol-rich HDL(2) subclass is a new and highly interesting finding and sheds new light on FXR-dependent HDLc lowering, which has been perceived as a major limitation for the clinical development of FXR agonists.
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23
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Soto-Miranda E, Carreón-Torres E, Lorenzo K, Bazán-Salinas B, García-Sánchez C, Franco M, Posadas-Romero C, Fragoso JM, López-Olmos V, Madero M, Rodriguez-Pérez JM, Vargas-Alarcón G, Pérez-Méndez O. Shift of high-density lipoprotein size distribution toward large particles in patients with proteinuria. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 414:241-5. [PMID: 23041214 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential atheroprotective role of the different HDL subclasses may depend on the metabolic factors that affect their plasma concentrations. The kidney is supposed to be one of the main catabolic sites for these lipoproteins. However, little is known about the impact of proteinuria on HDL size distribution and HDL structure. The aim of this study is to establish the influence of proteinuria on HDL size distribution and cholesterol plasma concentration of HDL subclasses. METHODS Forty patients within a range of proteinuria from 0.2 to 10.0 g/g estimated by the urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio and 40 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. HDL subclasses were separated by sequential ultracentrifugation followed by a polyacrylamide gradient electrophoresis; gels were stained enzymatically for cholesterol and with Coomasie blue for proteins. HDL size distribution and plasma concentration of the five HDL subclasses were calculated by optical densitometry. RESULTS When determined by protein, large HDL2b and HDL2a relative proportions were higher in patients than in control subjects, whereas the contrary was observed for small HDL3b and 3c. Consistently, HDL3a, 3b, and 3c were negatively correlated with proteinuria when data were adjusted by age, gender, body mass index, and blood pressure. Size distribution followed a different pattern when determined by cholesterol, suggesting an abnormal lipid composition that was further supported by a protein-to-cholesterol ratio significantly higher in most of the HDL subclasses in proteinuric patients than in the control group. Moreover, proteinuria statistically explains the HDL2b and HDL3c cholesterol plasma concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Proteinuria is associated with a shift of HDL size distribution towards large particles and cholesterol-poor HDL subclasses. These results support the idea of a selective loss by the kidney of small HDL in patients with proteinuria; whether these abnormalities reflect an impaired reverse cholesterol transport and an increased risk of coronary heart disease remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Soto-Miranda
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico DF, Mexico
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Eren E, Yilmaz N, Aydin O. High Density Lipoprotein and it's Dysfunction. Open Biochem J 2012; 6:78-93. [PMID: 22888373 PMCID: PMC3414806 DOI: 10.2174/1874091x01206010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) levels do not predict functionality and composition of high-density lipoprotein(HDL). Traditionally, keeping levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) down and HDL-C up have been the goal of patients to prevent atherosclerosis that can lead to coronary vascular disease(CVD). People think about the HDL present in their cholesterol test, but not about its functional capability. Up to 65% of cardiovascular death cannot be prevented by putative LDL-C lowering agents. It well explains the strong interest in HDL increasing strategies. However, recent studies have questioned the good in using drugs to increase level of HDL. While raising HDL is a theoretically attractive target, the optimal approach remains uncertain. The attention has turned to the quality, rather than the quantity, of HDL-C. An alternative to elevations in HDL involves strategies to enhance HDL functionality. The situation poses an opportunity for clinical chemists to take the lead in the development and validation of such biomarkers. The best known function of HDL is the capacity to promote cellular cholesterol efflux from peripheral cells and deliver cholesterol to the liver for excretion, thereby playing a key role in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). The functions of HDL that have recently attracted attention include anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. High antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of HDL are associated with protection from CVD.This review addresses the current state of knowledge regarding assays of HDL functions and their relationship to CVD. HDL as a therapeutic target is the new frontier with huge potential for positive public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Eren
- Antalya Public Health Center of Ministry of Health, Antalya, Turkey
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