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Xiang F, Ding CX, Wang M, Hu H, Ma XJ, Xu XB, Zaki Abubakar B, Pignitter M, Wei KN, Shi AM, Wang Q. Vegetable oils: Classification, quality analysis, nutritional value and lipidomics applications. Food Chem 2024; 439:138059. [PMID: 38039608 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are widespread in nature and play a pivotal role as a source of energy and nutrition for the human body. Vegetable oils (VOs) constitute a significant category in the food industry, containing various lipid components that have garnered attention for being natural, environmentally friendly and health-promoting. The review presented the classification of raw materials (RMs) from oil crops and quality analysis techniques of VOs, with the aim of improving comprehension and facilitating in-depth research of VOs. Brief descriptions were provided for four categories of VOs, and quality analysis techniques for both RMs and VOs were generalized. Furthermore, this study discussed the applications of lipidomics technology in component analysis, processing and utilization, quality determination, as well as nutritional function assessment of VOs. Through reviewing RMs and quality analysis techniques of VOs, this study aims to encourage further refinement and development in the processing and utilization of VOs, offering valuable references for theoretical and applied research in food chemistry and food science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cai-Xia Ding
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Miao Wang
- The China-Africa Green Agriculture Development Research Center, CGCOC Agriculture Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hui Hu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Ma
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xue-Bing Xu
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Bello Zaki Abubakar
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto 840101, Nigeria
| | - Marc Pignitter
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Kang-Ning Wei
- The China-Africa Green Agriculture Development Research Center, CGCOC Agriculture Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ai-Min Shi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China.
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Jia C, Lai Q, Zhu Y, Feng J, Dan X, Zhang Y, Long Z, Wu J, Wang Z, Qumu X, Wang R, Wang J. Intergrative metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal the potential regulatory mechanism of unique dihydroxy fatty acid biosynthesis in the seeds of an industrial oilseed crop Orychophragmus violaceus. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:29. [PMID: 38172664 PMCID: PMC10765717 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09906-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orychophragmus violaceus is a potentially important industrial oilseed crop due to the two 24-carbon dihydroxy fatty acids (diOH-FA) that was newly identified from its seed oil via a 'discontinuous elongation' process. Although many research efforts have focused on the diOH-FA biosynthesis mechanism and identified the potential co-expressed diacylglycerol acyltranferase (DGAT) gene associated with triacylglycerol (TAG)-polyestolides biosynthesis, the dynamics of metabolic changes during seed development of O. violaceus as well as its associated regulatory network changes are poorly understood. RESULTS In this study, by combining metabolome and transcriptome analysis, we identified that 1,003 metabolites and 22,479 genes were active across four stages of seed development, which were further divided into three main clusters based on the patterns of metabolite accumulation and/or gene expression. Among which, cluster2 was mostly related to diOH-FA biosynthesis pathway. We thus further constructed transcription factor (TF)-structural genes regulatory map for the genes associated with the flavonoids, fatty acids and diOH-FA biosynthesis pathway in this cluster. In particular, several TF families such as bHLH, B3, HD-ZIP, MYB were found to potentially regulate the metabolism associated with the diOH-FA pathway. Among which, multiple candidate TFs with promising potential for increasing the diOH-FA content were identified, and we further traced the evolutionary history of these key genes among species of Brassicaceae. CONCLUSION Taken together, our study provides new insight into the gene resources and potential relevant regulatory mechanisms of diOH-FA biosynthesis uniquely in seeds of O. violaceus, which will help to promote the downstream breeding efforts of this potential oilseed crop and advance the bio-lubricant industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Lai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiman Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuming Dan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqin Long
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiali Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiner Qumu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Hu W, Ma J, Zhang H, Miu X, Miao X, Deng Y. Integrated lipidomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals diacylglycerol accumulation in olive of Longnan (China). PeerJ 2023; 11:e15724. [PMID: 37583911 PMCID: PMC10424668 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Olive (Olea europaea L.) oil accumulate more diacylglycerols (DAG) than mostly vegetable oils. Unsaturated fatty acids-enriched DAG consumption enhanced wellness in subjects. However, the mechanism of DAG accumulation is not yet fully understood. Methods In this study, gene network of DAG accumulation and fatty acid composition in the two olive mesocarps ("Chenggu 32" (CG) and "Koroneiki" (QJ)) were investigated by integrating lipidome and transcriptome techniques. Results A total of 1,408 lipid molecules were identified by lipidomic analysis in olive mesocarp, of which DAG (DAG36:3, DAG36:4 and DAG36:5) showed higher content, and triacylglycerols (TAG54:3, TAG54:4) exhibited opposite trend in CG. Specifically, DAG was rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (especially C18:2) at the sn-2 position, which was inconsistent with TAG at the same positions (Primarily C18:1). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that phospholipase C (NPC, EC 3.1.4.3) were up-regulated relative to QJ, whereas diacylglycerol kinase (ATP) (DGK, EC 2.7.1.107), diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20), and phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT, EC 2.3.1.158) were down-regulated. Conclusion We speculated that the non-acyl coenzyme A pathway played a significant role in DAG biosynthesis. Additionally, fatty acyl-ACP thioesterase B (FATB, EC 3.1.2.14), stearoyl [acyl-carrier-protein] 9-desaturase (SAD, EC 1.14.19.2) and omega-6 fatty acid desaturase (FAD2, EC 1.14.19.6) were highly expressed in CG and may be involved in regulating fatty acid composition. Meanwhile, phospholipase A1 (LCAT, EC 3.1.1.32) involved in the acyl editing reaction facilitated PUFA linkage at the sn-2 position of DAG. Our findings provide novel insights to increase the DAG content, improve the fatty acid composition of olive oil, and identify candidate genes for the production of DAG-rich oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Junyi Ma
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xin Miu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xin Miao
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Institute of Olive, Longnan Academy of Economic Forestry, Wudu, Gansu, China
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Zhang Y, Gong H, Cui X, Gao C, Li N, Pu Y, Zhang X, Zhao J. Integrated lipidomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal the mechanism of lipid biosynthesis and accumulation during seed development in sesame. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1211040. [PMID: 37426956 PMCID: PMC10325577 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1211040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Sesame is one of the most important oilseed crops and attracts significant attention because of its huge nutritional capacity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying oil accumulation in sesame remains poorly understood. In this study, lipidomic and transcriptomic analyses in different stages of sesame seed (Luzhi No.1, seed oil content 56%) development were performed to gain insight into the regulatory mechanisms that govern differences in lipid composition, content, biosynthesis, and transport. In total, 481 lipids, including fatty acids (FAs, 38 species), triacylglycerol (TAG, 127 species), ceramide (33 species), phosphatidic acid (20 species), and diacylglycerol (17 species), were detected in developing sesame seed using gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Most FAs and other lipids accumulated 21-33 days after flowering. RNA-sequence profiling in developing seed highlighted the enhanced expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis and transport of FAs, TAGs, and membrane lipids, which was similar to that seen during lipid accumulation. Through the differential expression analysis of genes involved in lipid biosynthesis and metabolism during seed development, several candidate genes were found to affect the oil content and FA composition of sesame seed, including ACCase, FAD2, DGAT, G3PDH, PEPCase, WRI1 and WRI1-like genes. Our study reveals the patterns of lipid accumulation and biosynthesis-related gene expression and lays an important foundation for the further exploration of sesame seed lipid biosynthesis and accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Zhang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Huihui Gong
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xinxiao Cui
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chunhua Gao
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Nana Li
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yanyan Pu
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiurong Zhang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Junsheng Zhao
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
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Ren Z, Qin L, Chen L, Xu H, Liu H, Guo H, Li J, Yang C, Hu H, Wu R, Zhou Y, Xue K, Liu B, Wang X. Spatial Lipidomics of EPSPS and PAT Transgenic and Non-Transgenic Soybean Seeds Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37318082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Herbicide-resistant soybeans are among the most widely planted transgenic crops. The in situ evaluation of spatial lipidomics in transgenic and non-transgenic soybeans is important for directly assessing the unintended effects of exogenous gene introduction. In this study, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI)-based non-targeted analytical strategies were used for the first time for in situ detection and imaging of endogenous lipid distributions in transgenic (EPSPS and PAT genes) herbicide-resistant soybean (Glycine max Merrill) (S4003.14) and non-transgenic soybean (JACK) seeds. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in lipids between S4003.14 and JACK seeds. The variable importance of projection analysis further revealed that 18 identified lipids, including six phosphatidylcholines (PCs), four phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), five triacylglycerols (TAGs), and three cytidine diphosphate-diacylglycerols (CDP-DAGs), had the strongest differential expression between S4003.14 and JACK seeds. Among those, the upregulated expressions of PC(P-36:1), PC(36:2), PC(P-36:0), PC(37:5), PE(40:2), TAG(52:1), TAG(55:5), and CDP-DAG(37:2) and the downregulated expressions of PC (36:1), TAG(43:0), and three PEs (i.e., PE(P-38:1), PE(P-38:0), and PE(P-40:3)) were successfully found in the S4003.14 seeds, compared to these lipids detected in the JACK seeds. Meanwhile, the lipids of PC (44:8), CDP-DAG(38:0), and CDP-DAG(42:0) were uniquely detected in the S4003.14 soybean seeds, and TAG(45:2) and TAG(57:10) were detected as the unique lipids in the JACK seeds. The heterogeneous distribution of these lipids in the soybean seeds was also clearly visualized using MALDI-MSI. MSI results showed that lipid expression was significantly up/downregulated in S4003.14 seeds, compared to that in JACK seeds. This study improves our understanding of the unintended effects of herbicide-resistant EPSPS and PAT gene transfers on spatial lipidomes in soybean seeds and enables the continued progression of MALDI-MSI as an emerging, reliable, and rapid molecular imaging tool for evaluating unintended effects in transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentao Ren
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liang Qin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hualei Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haiqiang Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hua Guo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinrong Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chenyu Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hao Hu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ran Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kun Xue
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Biao Liu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
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Martin JJJ, Wu Q, Feng M, Li R, Zhou L, Zhang S, Yang C, Cao H. Lipidomic Profiles of Lipid Biosynthesis in Oil Palm during Fruit Development. Metabolites 2023; 13:727. [PMID: 37367885 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The fruit of the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) has fleshy mesocarpic tissue rich in lipids. This edible vegetable oil is economically and nutritionally significant across the world. The core concepts of oil biosynthesis in oil palms remain to be researched as the knowledge of oil biosynthesis in plants improves. In this study, we utilized a metabolite approach and mass spectral analysis to characterize metabolite changes and identify the sequences of protein accumulation during the physiological processes that regulate oil synthesis during oil palm fruit ripening. Here, we performed a comprehensive lipidomic data analysis in order to understand the role of lipid metabolism in oil biosynthesis mechanisms. The experimental materials were collected from the mesocarp of oil palm (Tenera) at 95 days (early accumulation of fatty acid, first stage), 125 days (rapid growth of fatty acid accumulation, second stage), and 185 days (stable period of fatty acid accumulation, third stage) after pollination. To gain a clear understanding of the lipid changes that occurred during the growth of the oil palm, the metabolome data were found using principal component analysis (PCA). Furthermore, the accumulations of diacylglycerols, ceramides, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidic acid varied between the developmental stages. Differentially expressed lipids were successfully identified and functionally classified using KEGG analysis. Proteins related to the metabolic pathway, glycerolipid metabolism, and glycerphospholipid metabolism were the most significantly changed proteins during fruit development. In this study, LC-MS analysis and evaluation of the lipid profile in different stages of oil palm were performed to gain insight into the regulatory mechanisms that enhance fruit quality and govern differences in lipid composition and biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Jeyakumar John Martin
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang 571339, China
| | - Qiufei Wu
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang 571339, China
| | - Meili Feng
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang 571339, China
| | - Rui Li
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang 571339, China
| | - Lixia Zhou
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang 571339, China
| | - Shuyan Zhang
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang 571339, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang 571339, China
| | - Hongxing Cao
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang 571339, China
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Fell DA, Taylor DC, Weselake RJ, Harwood JL. Metabolic Control Analysis of triacylglycerol accumulation in oilseed rape. Biosystems 2023; 227-228:104905. [PMID: 37100112 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.104905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
The increasing global demand for vegetable oils will only be met if there are significant improvements in the productivity of the major oil crops, such as oilseed rape. Metabolic engineering offers the prospect of further gains in yield beyond that already achieved by breeding and selection but requires guidance as to the changes that need to be made. Metabolic Control Analysis, through measurement and estimation of flux control coefficients, can indicate which enzymes have the most influence on a desired flux. Some experiments have previously reported flux control coefficients for oil accumulation in the seeds of oilseed rape, and others have measured control coefficient distributions for multi-enzyme segments of oil synthesis in seed embryo metabolism measured in vitro. In addition, other reported manipulations of oil accumulation contain results that are exploited further here to calculate previously unknown flux control coefficients. These results are then assembled within a framework that allows an integrated interpretation of the controls on oil accumulation from the assimilation of CO2 to deposition of oil in the seed. The analysis shows that the control is distributed to an extent that the gains from amplifying any single target are necessarily limited, but there are candidates for joint amplification that are likely to act synergistically to produce much more significant gains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David C Taylor
- National Research Council of Canada 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - John L Harwood
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
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8
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Wang C, Li Z, Wu W. Understanding fatty acid composition and lipid profile of rapeseed oil in response to nitrogen management strategies. Food Res Int 2023; 165:112565. [PMID: 36869550 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The fatty acid composition of rapeseed seeds plays an important role in oil quality for human nutrition and a healthy diet. A deeper understanding of fatty acid composition and lipid profiles in response to different nitrogen managements is critical for producing healthier rapeseed oil for the human diet. The fatty acid composition and lipid profiles were characterized through targeted GC-MS and lipidomics analysis (UPLC-MS) in this study. The results showed that nitrogen management significantly altered the fatty acid composition, thereby influencing oil quality when it is used to maximize the seed yield of rapeseed. Several fatty acid components (particularly oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid) decreased significantly with increasing N application rate. A total of 1212 differential lipids in response to different N levels in the two varieties were clearly identified, that can be categorized into five classes, including 815 glycerolipids (GLs), 195 glycerophospholipids (GPs), 155 sphingolipids (SPs), 32 sterols (STs), and 15 fatty acyls (FAs). These differential lipids are likely to participate in lipid metabolism and signal transduction. Co-expression lipid modules were determined, and the key lipids, such as triglyceride (20:0/16:0/16:0; 18:0/18:1/18:3; 8:0/11:3/18:1), were found to be strongly related to several predominant fatty acids such as oleic acid and linoleic acid. The results further imply that some identified lipids are involved with lipid metabolism and could affect the fatty acid composition, which provide a theoretical guidance for increasing seed oil in Brassica napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China; College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhaojie Li
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China; College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China; College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Shi W, Zhang D, Ma Z. Transcriptome Analysis of Genes Involved in Fatty Acid and Lipid Biosynthesis in Developing Walnut ( Juglans regia L.) Seed Kernels from Qinghai Plateau. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3207. [PMID: 36501246 PMCID: PMC9737478 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Walnut (Juglans regia) is an important woody oil-bearing plant with high nutritional value. For better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of its oil accumulation in the Qinghai Plateau, in this study we monitored walnut fruit development, and 15 cDNA libraries were constructed from walnut seed kernels collected at 72, 79, 93, 118 and 135 days after flowering (DAF). The candidate genes were identified using sequencing and expression analysis. The results showed that the oil content in the kernels increased dramatically in late July and reached the maximum value of 69% in mature seed. More than 90% of the oils were unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and linoleic acid (18:2) was the predominant UFA accumulated in mature seed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in 15 KEGG pathways of lipid metabolism were detected. We identified 119 DEGs related to FA de novo biosynthesis (38 DEGs), FA elongation and desaturation (39 DEGs), triacylglycerol (TAG) assembly (24 DEGs), oil bodies (12 DEGs), and transcription factors (TFs, 6 DEGs). The abundantly expressed oleosins, caleosins and steroleosins may be important for timely energy reserve in oil bodies. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that AP2/ERF and bHLH were the key TFs, and were co-expressed with ACC1, α-CT, BCCP, MAT, KASII, LACS, FATA, and PDCT. Our transcriptome data will enrich public databases and provide new insights into functional genes related to the seed kernel lipid metabolism and oil accumulation in J. regia.
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Chen G, Harwood JL, Lemieux MJ, Stone SJ, Weselake RJ. Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase: Properties, physiological roles, metabolic engineering and intentional control. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 88:101181. [PMID: 35820474 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) catalyzes the last reaction in the acyl-CoA-dependent biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG). DGAT activity resides mainly in membrane-bound DGAT1 and DGAT2 in eukaryotes and bifunctional wax ester synthase-diacylglycerol acyltransferase (WSD) in bacteria, which are all membrane-bound proteins but exhibit no sequence homology to each other. Recent studies also identified other DGAT enzymes such as the soluble DGAT3 and diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (EaDAcT), as well as enzymes with DGAT activities including defective in cuticular ridges (DCR) and steryl and phytyl ester synthases (PESs). This review comprehensively discusses research advances on DGATs in prokaryotes and eukaryotes with a focus on their biochemical properties, physiological roles, and biotechnological and therapeutic applications. The review begins with a discussion of DGAT assay methods, followed by a systematic discussion of TAG biosynthesis and the properties and physiological role of DGATs. Thereafter, the review discusses the three-dimensional structure and insights into mechanism of action of human DGAT1, and the modeled DGAT1 from Brassica napus. The review then examines metabolic engineering strategies involving manipulation of DGAT, followed by a discussion of its therapeutic applications. DGAT in relation to improvement of livestock traits is also discussed along with DGATs in various other eukaryotic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 2P5, Canada.
| | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - M Joanne Lemieux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Scot J Stone
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 2P5, Canada
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11
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A method for a comprehensive lipidomic analysis of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) with the use of LC–Q-TOF-MS and dispersive micro-solid-phase (μDSPE) extraction. Food Chem 2022; 381:132290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Overexpression of phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase in Brassica napus results in changes in lipid metabolism and oil accumulation. Biochem J 2022; 479:805-823. [PMID: 35298586 PMCID: PMC9022997 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of lipid metabolism in oil seeds is still not fully understood and increasing our knowledge in this regard is of great economic, as well as intellectual, importance. Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is a major global oil crop where increases in triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation have been achieved by overexpression of relevant biosynthetic enzymes. In this study, we expressed Arabidopsis phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT1), one of the two major TAG-forming plant enzymes in B. napus DH12075 to evaluate its effect on lipid metabolism in developing seeds and to estimate its flux control coefficient. Despite several-fold increase in PDAT activity, seeds of three independently generated PDAT transgenic events showed a small but consistent decrease in seed oil content and had altered fatty acid composition of phosphoglycerides and TAG, towards less unsaturation. Mass spectrometry imaging of seed sections confirmed the shift in lipid compositions and indicated that PDAT overexpression altered the distinct heterogeneous distributions of phosphatidylcholine (PC) molecular species. Similar, but less pronounced, changes in TAG molecular species distributions were observed. Our data indicate that PDAT exerts a small, negative, flux control on TAG biosynthesis and could have under-appreciated effects in fine-tuning of B. napus seed lipid composition in a tissue-specific manner. This has important implications for efforts to increase oil accumulation in similar crops.
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13
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Vigor C, Züllig T, Eichmann TO, Oger C, Zhou B, Rechberger GN, Hilsberg L, Trötzmüller M, Pellegrino RM, Alabed HBR, Hartler J, Wolinski H, Galano JM, Durand T, Spener F. α-Linolenic acid and product octadecanoids in Styrian pumpkin seeds and oils: How processing impacts lipidomes of fatty acid, triacylglycerol and oxylipin molecular structures. Food Chem 2022; 371:131194. [PMID: 34600364 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Styrian pumpkin seed oil is a conditioned green-colored oil renowned for nutty smell and taste. Due to α-linolenic acid (ALA) contents below 1% of total fatty acids and the prospect of nutritional health claims based on its potential oxidation products, we investigated the fate of ALA and product oxylipins in the course of down-stream processing of seeds and in oils. Lipidomic analyses with Lipid Data Analyzer 2.8.1 revealed: Processing did not change (1) main fatty acid composition in the oils, (2) amounts of triacylglycerol species, (3) structures of triacylglycerol molecular species containing ALA. (4) Minor precursor ALA in fresh Styrian and normal pumpkins produced 6 product phytoprostanes in either cultivar, quantitatively more in the latter. (5) In oil samples 7 phytoprostanes and 2 phytofurans were detected. The latter two are specific for their presence in pumpkin seed oils, of note, quantitatively more in conditioned oils than in cold-pressed native oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Vigor
- Institute of Biomolecules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas Züllig
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstr. 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas O Eichmann
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstr. 31/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Camille Oger
- Institute of Biomolecules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Bingqing Zhou
- Institute of Biomolecules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Gerald N Rechberger
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstr. 31/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Martin Trötzmüller
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstr. 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Roberto M Pellegrino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via del Giochetto, Building B, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Husam B R Alabed
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via del Giochetto, Building B, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Jürgen Hartler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1/I, 8010 Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Heimo Wolinski
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstr. 31/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institute of Biomolecules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institute of Biomolecules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Friedrich Spener
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstr. 31/II, 8010 Graz, Austria; Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstr. 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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14
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Transgenic manipulation of triacylglycerol biosynthetic enzymes in B. napus alters lipid-associated gene expression and lipid metabolism. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3352. [PMID: 35233071 PMCID: PMC8888550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07387-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is an important crop that is cultivated for the oil (mainly triacylglycerol; TAG) it produces in its seeds. TAG synthesis is controlled mainly by key enzymes in the Kennedy pathway, such as glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), lysophosphatidate acyltransferase (LPAT) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) but can also be produced from phosphoglycerides such as phosphatidylcholine (PC) by the activity of the enzyme phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT). To evaluate the potential for these enzymes to alter oil yields or composition, we analysed transgenic B. napus lines which overexpressed GPAT, LPAT or PDAT using heterologous transgenes from Arabidopsis and Nasturtium and examined lipid profiles and changes in gene expression in these lines compared to WT. Distinct changes in PC and TAG abundance and spatial distribution in embryonic tissues were observed in some of the transgenic lines, together with altered expression of genes involved generally in acyl-lipid metabolism. Overall our results show that up-regulation of these key enzymes differentially affects lipid composition and distribution as well as lipid-associated gene expression, providing important information which could be used to improve crop properties by metabolic engineering.
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15
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Shi R, Bai H, Li B, Liu C, Ying Z, Xiong Z, Wang W. Combined Transcriptome and Lipidomic Analyses of Lipid Biosynthesis in Macadamia ternifolia Nuts. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1431. [PMID: 34947962 PMCID: PMC8707767 DOI: 10.3390/life11121431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macadamia nuts are considered a high-quality oil crop worldwide. To date, the lipid diversity and the genetic factors that mediate storage lipid biosynthesis in Macadamia ternifolia are poorly known. Here, we performed a comprehensive transcriptomic and lipidomic data analysis to understand the mechanism of lipid biosynthesis by using young, medium-aged, and mature fruit kernels. Our lipidomic analysis showed that the M. ternifolia kernel was a rich source of unsaturated fatty acids. Moreover, different species of triacylglycerols, diacylglycerol, ceramides, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidic acid had altered accumulations during the developmental stages. The transcriptome analysis revealed a large percentage of differently expressed genes during the different stages of macadamia growth. Most of the genes with significant differential expression performed functional activity of oxidoreductase and were enriched in the secondary metabolite pathway. The integration of lipidomic and transcriptomic data allowed for the identification of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, diacylglycerol kinase, phosphatidylinositols, nonspecific phospholipase C, pyruvate kinase 2, 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein reductase, and linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase as putative candidate genes involved in lipid biosynthesis, storage, and oil quality. Our study found comprehensive datasets of lipidomic and transcriptomic changes in the developing kernel of M. ternifolia. In addition, the identification of candidate genes provides essential prerequisites to understand the molecular mechanism of lipid biosynthesis in the kernel of M. ternifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shi
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Landscape Architecture Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (R.S.); (C.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Haidong Bai
- Lincang Academy of Forestry, Lincang 677009, China;
| | - Biao Li
- Yuxi Sannong Plateau Characteristic Modern Agriculture Co., Ltd., Chengjiang 652599, China;
| | - Can Liu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Landscape Architecture Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (R.S.); (C.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhiping Ying
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Landscape Architecture Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (R.S.); (C.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhi Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Landscape Architecture Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (R.S.); (C.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Wenlin Wang
- Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute, Longzhou 532415, China
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16
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Zhang H, Wang J, Zhao J, Sun C, Wang J, Wang Q, Qu F, Yun X, Feng Z. Integrated Lipidomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Lipid Metabolism in Foxtail Millet ( Setaria italica). Front Genet 2021; 12:758003. [PMID: 34868233 PMCID: PMC8635157 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.758003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) as the main traditional crop in China, is rich in many kinds of high quality fatty acids (FAs). In this study, Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-time-of-flight-tandem mass spectrometer (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was used to determine the lipids of JG35 and JG39. A total of 2,633 lipid molecules and 31 lipid subclasses were identified, mainly including thirteen kinds of glycerophospholipids (GP), eleven kinds of glycerolipids (GL), four kinds of sphingolipids (SP), two kinds of fatty acyls (FA) and one kind of sterol (ST). Among them JG35 had higher contents of diacylglycerols (DG) and ceramides (Cer), while triacylglycerols, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidic acid, sterol, fatty acyls and pardiolipin (TG, PE, PA, ST, FA and CL) were higher in JG39. Meantime, the correlation analysis of lipidomics and transcriptomics was used to map the main differential lipid metabolism pathways of foxtail millet. The results shown that a differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of FATA/B for the synthesis of FA was highly expressed in JG35, and the related genes for the synthesis DG (ACCase, KAS, HAD, KCS, LACS and GAPT), TG (DGAT and PDAT) and CL (CLS) were highly expressed in JG39. The results of this study will provide a theoretical basis for the future study of lipidomics, improvement of lipid quality directionally and breeding of idiosyncratic quality varieties in foxtail millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Junyou Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Changqing Sun
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Hebei Zhihai Technology Co., Ltd., Xingtai, China
| | - Fei Qu
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Xiaodong Yun
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Zhiwei Feng
- Shanxi Institute of Organic Dryland Farming, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
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17
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Tracing Key Molecular Regulators of Lipid Biosynthesis in Tuber Development of Cyperus esculentus Using Transcriptomics and Lipidomics Profiling. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101492. [PMID: 34680888 PMCID: PMC8535953 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyperus esculentus is widely representing one of the important oil crops around the world, which provides valuable resources of edible tubers called tiger nut. The chemical composition and high ability to produce fats emphasize the role of tiger nut in promoting oil crop productivity. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of the production and accumulation of lipids in tiger nut development still remains unclear. Here, we conducted comprehensive transcriptomics and lipidomics analyses at different developmental stages of tuber in Cyperus esculentus. Lipidomic analyses confirmed that the accumulation of lipids including glycolipids, phospholipids, and glycerides were significantly enriched during tuber development from early to mature stage. The proportion of phosphatidylcholines (PC) declined during all stages and phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) was significantly declined in early and middle stages. These findings implied that PC is actively involved in triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis during the tubers development, whereas PE may participate in TAG metabolism during early and middle stages. Comparative transcriptomics analyses indicated several genomic and metabolic pathways associated with lipid metabolism during tuber development in tiger nut. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that TAG synthesis in different developmental stages was attributed to 37 candidate transcripts including CePAH1. The up-regulation of diacylglycerol (DAG) and oil content in yeast, resulted from the inducible expression of exogenous CePAH1 confirmed the central role of this candidate gene in lipid metabolism. Our results demonstrated the foundation of an integrative metabolic model for understanding the molecular mechanism of tuber development in tiger nut, in which lipid biosynthesis plays a central role.
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Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Key Genes Involved in Oil and Linoleic Acid Biosynthesis during Artemisia sphaerocephala Seed Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168369. [PMID: 34445076 PMCID: PMC8395072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemisia sphaerocephala seeds are rich in polysaccharides and linoleic acid (C18:2), which have been widely used as traditional medicine and to improve food quality. The accumulation patterns and molecular regulatory mechanisms of polysaccharides during A. sphaerocephala seed development have been studied. However, the related research on seed oil and C18:2 remain unclear. For this study, A. sphaerocephala seeds at seven different development stages at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 days after flowering (designated as S1~S7), respectively, were employed as experimental samples, the accumulation patterns of oil and fatty acids (FA) and the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms were analyzed. The results revealed that oil content increased from 10.1% to 20.0% in the early stages of seed development (S1~S2), and up to 32.0% in mature seeds, of which C18:2 accounted for 80.6% of the total FA. FA and triacylglycerol biosynthesis-related genes jointly involved in the rapid accumulation of oil in S1~S2. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis showed that transcription factors FUS3 and bHLH played a critical role in the seed oil biosynthesis. The perfect harmonization of the high expression of FAD2 with the extremely low expression of FAD3 regulated the accumulation of C18:2. This study uncovered the gene involved in oil biosynthesis and molecular regulatory mechanisms of high C18:2 accumulation in A. sphaerocephala seeds; thus, advancing research into unsaturated fatty acid metabolism in plants while generating valuable genetic resources for optimal C18:2 breeding.
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Lovio-Fragoso JP, de Jesús-Campos D, López-Elías JA, Medina-Juárez LÁ, Fimbres-Olivarría D, Hayano-Kanashiro C. Biochemical and Molecular Aspects of Phosphorus Limitation in Diatoms and Their Relationship with Biomolecule Accumulation. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070565. [PMID: 34206287 PMCID: PMC8301168 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Phosphorus (P) is a key nutrient involved in the transfer of energy and the synthesis of several cellular components. It has been reported that P limitation in diatoms induces the synthesis of biomolecules and the accumulation of storage compounds, such as pigments, carbohydrates and lipids, with diverse biological activities, which can be used in diverse biotechnological applications. However, the molecular and biochemical mechanisms related to how diatoms cope with P deficiency are not clear, and research into this has been limited to a few species. The integration of results obtained from omics sciences could provide a broad understanding of the response of diatoms to P limitation, and the information obtained could help to solve challenges such as biomass production, by-products yield and genetic improvement of strains. Abstract Diatoms are the most abundant group of phytoplankton, and their success lies in their significant adaptation ability to stress conditions, such as nutrient limitation. Phosphorus (P) is a key nutrient involved in the transfer of energy and the synthesis of several cellular components. Molecular and biochemical mechanisms related to how diatoms cope with P deficiency are not clear, and research into this has been limited to a few species. Among the molecular responses that have been reported in diatoms cultured under P deficient conditions is the upregulation of genes encoding enzymes related to the transport, assimilation, remobilization and recycling of this nutrient. Regarding biochemical responses, due to the reduction of the requirements for carbon structures for the synthesis of proteins and phospholipids, more CO2 is fixed than is consumed by the Calvin cycle. To deal with this excess, diatoms redirect the carbon flow toward the synthesis of storage compounds such as triacylglycerides and carbohydrates, which are excreted as extracellular polymeric substances. This review aimed to gather all current knowledge regarding the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of diatoms related to managing P deficiency in order to provide a wider insight into and understanding of their responses, as well as the metabolic pathways affected by the limitation of this nutrient.
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Yu SY, Zhang Y, Lyu YP, Yao ZJ, Hu YH. Lipidomic profiling of the developing kernel clarifies the lipid metabolism of Paeonia ostii. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12605. [PMID: 34131230 PMCID: PMC8206221 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91984-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid components in the developing kernel of Paeonia ostii were determined, and the fatty acid (FA) distributions in triacylglycerol and phospholipids were characterized. The lipids in the kernel were mainly phospholipids (43%), neutral glycerides (24%), fatty acyls (26%), and sphingolipids (4.5%). The dominant neutral glycerides were TAG and diacylglycerol. The PL components included phosphatidic acid, phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl inositol, and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. As the kernel developed, the profiles of the molecular species comprising TAG and PL changed, especially during the earlier phases of oil accumulation. During rapid oil accumulation, the abundances of sphingosine-1-phosphate, pyruvic acid, stearic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid changed significantly; the sphingolipid metabolism and unsaturated FAs biosynthesis pathways were significantly enriched in these differentially abundant metabolites. Our results improve our understanding of lipid accumulation in tree peony seeds, and provide a framework for the analysis of lipid metabolisms in other oil crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Yan Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Yu-Ping Lyu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Zu-Jie Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Yong-Hong Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China.
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21
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Zhou B, Fei W, Yang S, Yang F, Qu G, Tang W, Ou J, Peng D. Alteration of the fatty acid composition of Brassica napus L. via overexpression of phospholipid: Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 from Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 298:110562. [PMID: 32771163 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb. plays an important role in traditional Chinese medicine and is one of major woody oil tree in China. Phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (PDAT1), as an important catalytic enzyme for the formation of triacylglycerol (TAG), is mainly responsible for the transfer of an acyl group from the sn-2 position of phospholipids to the sn-3 position of sn-1, 2-diacylglycerol (DAG) to produce TAG and sn-1 lysophospholipids. The importance of PDAT1 in triacylglycerol biosynthesis has been illustrated in previous research, and at least 67 PDAT1 sequences have been identified from 31 organisms. However, little is known about the gene encoding PDAT1 in S. sebiferum (SsPDAT1), which is involved in seed oil biosynthesis. To explore the functional characteristics of SsPDAT1, we cloned and analyzed the full-length cDNA in the coding region of SsPDAT1, which consists of 2040 bp and encodes a putative protein of 680 amino acid (aa) residues. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis showed that recombinant SsPDAT1 could restore TAG accumulation in TAG-deficient mutant yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) H1246, which revealed the enzyme activity of SsPDAT1. Moreover, transgenic Brassica napus L. W10 plants overexpressing SsPDAT1 showed significant increases of 19.6-28.9 % in linoleic acid levels but decreases of 27.3-37.1 % in linolenic acid. Furthermore, the total oil content increased by 8.1 %-10.8 % in SsPDAT1 transgenic seeds. These results confirmed the role of SsPDAT1 in stabilizing oil biosynthesis and suggested that SsPDAT1 could be exploitable to specifically regulate the oil composition of plants. These experimental results provide a new concept that may enable the industrial development of plants with high-linoleic-acid oil through overexpression of SsPDAT1 in S. sebiferum L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410018, Changsha, China; Forestry Biotechnology Hunan Key Laboratories, Hunan, Changsha, 410004, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Applied Technology for Forestry and Ecology in Southern China, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China; Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province, Huitong, 438107, China.
| | - Wenjie Fei
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China
| | - Shiquan Yang
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China
| | - Gaoyi Qu
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China
| | - Jianping Ou
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Peng
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410018, Changsha, China.
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22
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Harwood JL. Working with Randy: The Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Story. Lipids 2020; 55:419-423. [PMID: 32701170 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vegetable oils are one of the main agricultural commodities. Demand has been increasing steadily over the last five decades and, with finite land available, it is vital that we increase productivity. My laboratory has focused on the regulation of plant lipid metabolism and, as part of this work, we identified diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) as important at regulating carbon flux during oil accumulation. This led to collaborations with Randy Weselake's research group when we quantified the importance of DGAT in oilseed rape by using flux control analysis. Later, with David Taylor, we showed that over-expression of DGAT boosted oil accumulation in field-grown crops by around 8%. These studies led to a multitude of experiments with different oil crops, such as oil palm and soybean, as well as many rewarding collaborations with Randy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
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23
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Calvo MV, Villanueva-Bermejo D, Castro-Gómez P, Fornari T, Fontecha J. Appraisal of the suitability of two-stage extraction process by combining compressed fluid technologies of polar lipid fractions from chia seed. Food Res Int 2020; 131:109007. [PMID: 32247499 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although triacylglycerols (TAG) are the major constituents of chia oil, it also contains minor lipid fractions that include phospholipids (PL) among other desirable components. Its amphiphilic character and excellent biocompatibility make PL appropriate for numerous applications with technological and nutritional significanceand potential health benefits. Given the difficulties entailed by the PL isolation, the efficiency for extracting such compounds using two environmental friendly techniques, pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was evaluated. By using PLE with food-grade ethanol (EtOH), an oil recovery close to 100% was achieved in just 10 min. This oil extract was particularly rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA; 70%) as compared to the oil extracted by SFE (56%). In the case of SFE, the oil recovery was only 87% but increased to 99% when ethanol was added to CO2. However the use of co-solvent did not affect the fatty acid profile of the supercritical extracts or their TAG composition, where the high molecular weight TAG species were the predominant in all cases. With the exception of SFE without co-solvent, all methods applied were capable of extracting the PL fraction, although the content and distribution of the individual components present in this fraction differed markedly depending on the extraction conditions used. In this context, the use of a sequential extraction process, combining SFE and PLE was particularly interesting. The re-extraction by PLE of the chia cake, previously defatted by SFE, allowed to obtain an oil extract highly enriched in PLs, whose content exceeded 16% and with a higher PL species than the rest of the oil extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- María V Calvo
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Food Lipid Biomarkers and Health Group, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL UAM-CSIC), C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 9, P.O. Box. 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - David Villanueva-Bermejo
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL UAM-CSIC), C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 9, P.O. Box. 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pilar Castro-Gómez
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Food Lipid Biomarkers and Health Group, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL UAM-CSIC), C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 9, P.O. Box. 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Tiziana Fornari
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL UAM-CSIC), C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 9, P.O. Box. 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Fontecha
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Food Lipid Biomarkers and Health Group, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL UAM-CSIC), C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 9, P.O. Box. 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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24
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Liao P, Woodfield HK, Harwood JL, Chye ML, Scofield S. Comparative Transcriptomics Analysis of Brassica napus L. during Seed Maturation Reveals Dynamic Changes in Gene Expression between Embryos and Seed Coats and Distinct Expression Profiles of Acyl-CoA-Binding Proteins for Lipid Accumulation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2812-2825. [PMID: 31504915 PMCID: PMC6896696 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Production of vegetable oils is a vital agricultural resource and oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is the third most important oil crop globally. Although the regulation of lipid biosynthesis in oilseeds is still not fully defined, the acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) have been reported to be involved in such metabolism, including oil accumulation, in several plant species. In this study, progressive changes in gene expression in embryos and seed coats at different stages of seed development were comprehensively investigated by transcriptomic analyses in B. napus, revealing dynamic changes in the expression of genes involved in lipid biosynthesis. We show that genes encoding BnACBP proteins show distinct changes in expression at different developmental stages of seed development and show markedly different expression between embryos and seed coats. Both isoforms of the ankyrin-repeat BnACBP2 increased during the oil accumulation period of embryo development. By contrast, the expression of the three most abundant isoforms of the small molecular mass BnACBP6 in embryos showed progressive reduction, despite having the highest overall expression level. In seed coats, BnACBP3, BnACBP4 and BnACBP5 expression remained constant during development, whereas the two major isoforms of BnACBP6 increased, contrasting with the data from embryos. We conclude that genes related to fatty acid and triacylglycerol biosynthesis showing dynamic expression changes may regulate the lipid distribution in embryos and seed coats of B. napus and that BnACBP2 and BnACBP6 are potentially important for oil accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
- Corresponding authors: John L. Harwood, E-mail, ; Fax, 00-44-2920-874116; Mee-Len Chye, E-mail, ; Fax, 852-28583477
| | - Mee-Len Chye
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Corresponding authors: John L. Harwood, E-mail, ; Fax, 00-44-2920-874116; Mee-Len Chye, E-mail, ; Fax, 852-28583477
| | - Simon Scofield
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
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25
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Doria E, Pagano A, Ferreri C, Larocca AV, Macovei A, Araújo SDS, Balestrazzi A. How Does the Seed Pre-Germinative Metabolism Fight Against Imbibition Damage? Emerging Roles of Fatty Acid Cohort and Antioxidant Defence. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1505. [PMID: 31824536 PMCID: PMC6881478 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
During seed imbibition, lipids are engaged in membrane reorganization while facing free radical-mediated oxidative injury. In the present work, we explored changes in lipid components at different timepoints of imbibition (0.5, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h) in the legume Medicago truncatula, by combining biochemical approaches with targeted lipidomics and untargeted metabolomics. ROS and RNS (reactive oxygen and nitrogen species) accumulation was observed throughout the tested timepoints whereas lipid peroxidation increased at 4 h of imbibition. The seed response to oxidative damage was evidenced by a significant increase in tocopherols starting from 0.5 h of imbibition as well as by the reduction in total thiol content occurring at 2 h of imbibition. Since under physiological conditions, the proper functions of the cell membranes are strongly dependent on the qualitative and quantitative balance of fatty acid residues in phospholipids, the investigation was expanded to the fatty acid cohort of M. truncatula seeds. Total saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), omega(ω)-3 and omega(ω)-6 fatty acids showed fluctuations during seed imbibition. The most remarkable finding was the profile of the ω-3 PUFA docosopentaenoic acid (DPA, 7 cis, 10 cis, 13 cis, 16 cis, and 19 cis-22:5) that showed a peak (up to 1.0% of the total fatty acid content) at 0.5 and 8 h of imbibition, concomitant with the peaks observed in tocopherol levels. It is possible that the observed changes in DPA alter the physical properties of membranes, as reported in animal cells, triggering signaling pathways relevant for the cell defense against oxidative injury. Furthermore, the content and balance between tocopherols and PUFAs is regarded as a determinant of storage stability. No enhancement in trans-fatty acids occurred throughout imbibition, suggesting for a proper antioxidant response carried by the seed. Fatty acids profiles were integrated with data from untargeted metabolomics showing changes in lipid sub-pathways, among which fatty acid amide, lyso-phospholipids, and phospholipid metabolism. The emerging lipid profiles and dynamics are discussed in view of the overall imbibition damage generated during M. truncatula seed imbibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Doria
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani,”Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Pagano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani,”Pavia, Italy
| | - Carla Ferreri
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Research Area of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Anca Macovei
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani,”Pavia, Italy
| | - Susana de Sousa Araújo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Alma Balestrazzi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani,”Pavia, Italy
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26
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Woodfield HK, Fenyk S, Wallington E, Bates RE, Brown A, Guschina IA, Marillia E, Taylor DC, Fell D, Harwood JL, Fawcett T. Increase in lysophosphatidate acyltransferase activity in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) increases seed triacylglycerol content despite its low intrinsic flux control coefficient. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:700-711. [PMID: 31400160 PMCID: PMC6790676 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidate acyltransferase (LPAAT) catalyses the second step of the Kennedy pathway for triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis. In this study we expressed Trapaeolum majus LPAAT in Brassica napus (B. napus) cv 12075 to evaluate the effects on lipid synthesis and estimate the flux control coefficient for LPAAT. We estimated the flux control coefficient of LPAAT in a whole plant context by deriving a relationship between it and overall lipid accumulation, given that this process is a exponential. Increasing LPAAT activity resulted in greater TAG accumulation in seeds of between 25% and 29%; altered fatty acid distributions in seed lipids (particularly those of the Kennedy pathway); and a redistribution of label from 14 C-glycerol between phosphoglycerides. Greater LPAAT activity in seeds led to an increase in TAG content despite its low intrinsic flux control coefficient on account of the exponential nature of lipid accumulation that amplifies the effect of the small flux increment achieved by increasing its activity. We have also developed a novel application of metabolic control analysis likely to have broad application as it determines the in planta flux control that a single component has upon accumulation of storage products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stepan Fenyk
- Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversityDurhamDH1 3LEUK
| | - Emma Wallington
- The John Bingham LaboratoryNIABHuntingdon RoadCambridgeCB3 0LEUK
| | - Ruth E. Bates
- The John Bingham LaboratoryNIABHuntingdon RoadCambridgeCB3 0LEUK
| | | | | | | | - David C. Taylor
- National Research Council of Canada110 Gymnasium PlaceSaskatoonSKS79 0W9Canada
| | - David Fell
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes UniversityOxfordOX3 0BPUK
| | | | - Tony Fawcett
- Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversityDurhamDH1 3LEUK
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27
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Li-Beisson Y, Thelen JJ, Fedosejevs E, Harwood JL. The lipid biochemistry of eukaryotic algae. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 74:31-68. [PMID: 30703388 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Algal lipid metabolism fascinates both scientists and entrepreneurs due to the large diversity of fatty acyl structures that algae produce. Algae have therefore long been studied as sources of genes for novel fatty acids; and, due to their superior biomass productivity, algae are also considered a potential feedstock for biofuels. However, a major issue in a commercially viable "algal oil-to-biofuel" industry is the high production cost, because most algal species only produce large amounts of oils after being exposed to stress conditions. Recent studies have therefore focused on the identification of factors involved in TAG metabolism, on the subcellular organization of lipid pathways, and on interactions between organelles. This has been accompanied by the development of genetic/genomic and synthetic biological tools not only for the reference green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii but also for Nannochloropsis spp. and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Advances in our understanding of enzymes and regulatory proteins of acyl lipid biosynthesis and turnover are described herein with a focus on carbon and energetic aspects. We also summarize how changes in environmental factors can impact lipid metabolism and describe present and potential industrial uses of algal lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Li-Beisson
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez Durance F-13108, France.
| | - Jay J Thelen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
| | - Eric Fedosejevs
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
| | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
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28
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Tan H, Zhang J, Qi X, Shi X, Zhou J, Wang X, Xiang X. Correlation analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome reveals the regulatory network for lipid synthesis in developing Brassica napus embryos. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:31-44. [PMID: 30519824 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0800-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this manuscript, we explored the key molecular networks for oil biosynthesis with the transcriptome and metabolome of B. napus embryo at different developmental stages. Brassica napus (B. napus) is an important oil crop worldwide, yet the molecular pathways involved in oil biosynthesis in seeds are not fully understood. In this study, we performed a combined investigation of the gene expression profiles and metabolite content in B. napus seeds at 21, 28 and 35 days after flowering (DAF), when seed oil biosynthesis takes place. The total triacylglycerol (TAG) content in seed embryos increased over the course of seed maturation, and was accompanied by changes in the fatty acid profile, an increase in lipid droplets, and a reduction in starch grains. Metabolome analysis showed that the total amino acid, free fatty acid and organic acid contents in seed embryos decreased during seed maturation. In total, the abundance of 76 metabolites was significantly different between 21 and 28 DAF, and 68 metabolites changed in abundance between 28 and 35 DAF. Transcriptome analysis showed that the set of genes differentially expressed between stages was significantly enriched in those related to lipid metabolism, transport, protein and RNA metabolism, development and signaling, covering most steps of plant lipid biosynthesis and metabolism. Importantly, the metabolite and gene expression profiles were closely correlated during seed development, especially those associated with TAG and fatty acid biosynthesis. Further, the expression of major carbohydrate metabolism-regulating genes was closely correlated with carbohydrate content during seed maturation. Our results provide novel insights into the regulation of oil biosynthesis in B. napus seeds and highlights the coordination of gene expression and metabolism in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jiahuan Zhang
- Plant Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Xiao Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- Animal Sciences National Teaching Demonstration Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jianguo Zhou
- Animal Sciences National Teaching Demonstration Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xingchun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Xiaoe Xiang
- Animal Sciences National Teaching Demonstration Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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29
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Caldo KMP, Shen W, Xu Y, Hanley-Bowdoin L, Chen G, Weselake RJ, Lemieux MJ. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 is activated by phosphatidate and inhibited by SnRK1-catalyzed phosphorylation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:287-299. [PMID: 30003607 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) catalyzes the final and committed step in the Kennedy pathway for triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis and, as such, elucidating its mode of regulation is critical to understand the fundamental aspects of carbon metabolism in oleaginous crops. In this study, purified Brassica napus diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (BnaDGAT1) in n-dodecyl-β-d-maltopyranoside micelles was lipidated to form mixed micelles and subjected to detailed biochemical analysis. The degree of mixed micelle fluidity appeared to influence acyltransferase activity. BnaDGAT1 exhibited a sigmoidal response and eventual substrate inhibition with respect to increasing concentrations of oleoyl-CoA. Phosphatidate (PA) was identified as a feed-forward activator of BnaDGAT1, enabling the final enzyme in the Kennedy pathway to adjust to the incoming flow of carbon leading to TAG. In the presence of PA, the oleoyl-CoA saturation plot became more hyperbolic and desensitized to substrate inhibition indicating that PA facilitates the transition of the enzyme into the more active state. PA may also relieve possible autoinhibition of BnaDGAT1 brought about by the N-terminal regulatory domain, which was shown to interact with PA. Indeed, PA is a key effector modulating lipid homeostasis, in addition to its well recognized role in lipid signaling. BnaDGAT1 was also shown to be a substrate of the sucrose non-fermenting-1-related kinase 1 (SnRK1), which catalyzed phosphorylation of the enzyme and converted it to a less active form. Thus, this known regulator of carbon metabolism directly influences TAG biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Mark P Caldo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Linda Hanley-Bowdoin
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - M Joanne Lemieux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
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30
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Xu Y, Caldo KMP, Pal-Nath D, Ozga J, Lemieux MJ, Weselake RJ, Chen G. Properties and Biotechnological Applications of Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol Acyltransferase and Phospholipid:diacylglycerol Acyltransferase from Terrestrial Plants and Microalgae. Lipids 2018; 53:663-688. [PMID: 30252128 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG) is the major storage lipid in most terrestrial plants and microalgae, and has great nutritional and industrial value. Since the demand for vegetable oil is consistently increasing, numerous studies have been focused on improving the TAG content and modifying the fatty-acid compositions of plant seed oils. In addition, there is a strong research interest in establishing plant vegetative tissues and microalgae as platforms for lipid production. In higher plants and microalgae, TAG biosynthesis occurs via acyl-CoA-dependent or acyl-CoA-independent pathways. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) catalyzes the last and committed step in the acyl-CoA-dependent biosynthesis of TAG, which appears to represent a bottleneck in oil accumulation in some oilseed species. Membrane-bound and soluble forms of DGAT have been identified with very different amino-acid sequences and biochemical properties. Alternatively, TAG can be formed through acyl-CoA-independent pathways via the catalytic action of membrane-bound phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT). As the enzymes catalyzing the terminal steps of TAG formation, DGAT and PDAT play crucial roles in determining the flux of carbon into seed TAG and thus have been considered as the key targets for engineering oil production. Here, we summarize the most recent knowledge on DGAT and PDAT in higher plants and microalgae, with the emphasis on their physiological roles, structural features, and regulation. The development of various metabolic engineering strategies to enhance the TAG content and alter the fatty-acid composition of TAG is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Kristian Mark P Caldo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Dipasmita Pal-Nath
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - Jocelyn Ozga
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - M Joanne Lemieux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
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