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Rago F, Melo EM, Miller LM, Duray AM, Batista Felix F, Vago JP, de Faria Gonçalves AP, Angelo ALPM, Cassali GD, de Gaetano M, Brennan E, Owen B, Guiry P, Godson C, Alcorn JF, Teixeira MM. Treatment with lipoxin A 4 improves influenza A infection outcome, induces macrophage reprogramming, anti-inflammatory and pro-resolutive responses. Inflamm Res 2024:10.1007/s00011-024-01939-9. [PMID: 39214890 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01939-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Influenza A is a virus from the Orthomixoviridae family responsible for high lethality rates and morbidity, despite clinically proven vaccination strategies and some anti-viral therapies. The eicosanoid Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) promotes the resolution of inflammation by decreasing cell recruitment and pro-inflammatory cytokines release, but also for inducing activation of apoptosis, efferocytosis, and macrophage reprogramming. OBJECTIVE Here, we evaluated whether a synthetic lipoxin mimetic, designated AT-01-KG, would improve the course of influenza A infection in a murine model. METHOD Mice were infected with influenza A/H1N1 and treated with AT-01-KG (1.7 μg/kg/day, i.p.) at day 3 post-infection. RESULTS AT-01-KG attenuated mortality, reducing leukocyte infiltration and lung damage at day 5 and day 7 post-infection. AT-01-KG is a Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 (designated FPR2/3 in mice) agonist, and the protective responses were not observed in fpr2/3 -/- animals. In mice treated with LXA4 (50 μg/kg/day, i.p., days 3-6 post-infection), at day 7, macrophage reprogramming was observed, as seen by a decrease in classically activated macrophages and an increase in alternatively activated macrophages in the lungs. Furthermore, the number of apoptotic cells and cells undergoing efferocytosis was increased in the lavage of treated mice. Treatment also modulated the adaptive immune response, increasing the number of T helper 2 cells (Th2) and regulatory T (Tregs) cells in the lungs of the treated mice. CONCLUSION Therefore, treatment with a lipoxin A4 analog was beneficial in a model of influenza A infection in mice. The drug decreased inflammation and promoted resolution and beneficial immune responses, suggesting it may be useful in patients with severe influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Rago
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, CEP 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, 6627, Brazil.
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 9127 Rangos Research Building, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
| | - Eliza Mathias Melo
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, CEP 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, 6627, Brazil
| | - Leigh M Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 9127 Rangos Research Building, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Alexis M Duray
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 9127 Rangos Research Building, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Franciel Batista Felix
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Priscila Vago
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Faria Gonçalves
- Immunology of Viral Diseases, René Rachou Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-Minas), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Geovanni D Cassali
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Monica de Gaetano
- School of Medicine/School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eoin Brennan
- School of Medicine/School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Benjamin Owen
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick Guiry
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Godson
- School of Medicine/School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John F Alcorn
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 9127 Rangos Research Building, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, CEP 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, 6627, Brazil.
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Suchitha GP, Devasahayam Arokia Balaya R, Prasad TSK, Dagamajalu S. A signaling network map of Lipoxin (LXA4): an anti-inflammatory molecule. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:1099-1106. [PMID: 38668877 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01885-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipoxins (LXs) are a class of endogenous bioactive lipid mediators that are involved in the regulation of inflammation. They exert immunomodulatory effects by regulating the behaviour of various immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and T and B cells, by promoting the clearance of apoptotic neutrophils. This helps to dampen inflammation and promote tissue repair. LXs regulate the expression of many inflammatory genes by modulating the levels of transcription factors, such as nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), activator protein-1 (AP-1), nerve growth factor-regulated factor 1A binding protein 1 (NGF), and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), which are elevated in various diseases, such as respiratory tract diseases, renal diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral infections. Lipoxin-mediated signaling is involved in chronic inflammation, cancer, diabetes-associated kidney disease, lung injury, liver injury, endometriosis, respiratory tract diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, and retinal degeneration. In this study, we systematically investigated the intricate network of lipoxin signaling by analyzing the relevant literature. The resulting map comprised 467 molecules categorized as activation/inhibition, enzyme catalysis, gene and protein expression, molecular associations, and translocation events. This map serves as a valuable resource for understanding the complexity of lipoxin signaling and its impact on various cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Suchitha
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | | | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Shobha Dagamajalu
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India.
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3
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Rago F, Melo EM, Miller LM, Duray AM, Felix FB, Vago JP, Gonçalves APF, Angelo ALPM, Cassali GD, Gaetano M, Brennan E, Owen B, Guiry P, Godson C, Alcorn JF, Teixeira MM. Treatment with lipoxin A 4 improves influenza A infection outcome through macrophage reprogramming, anti-inflammatory and pro-resolutive responses. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4491036. [PMID: 38947034 PMCID: PMC11213203 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4491036/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Objective and design Here, we evaluated whether a synthetic lipoxin mimetic, designated AT-01-KG, would improve the course of influenza A infection in a murine model. Treatment Mice were infected with influenza A/H1N1 and treated with AT-01-KG (1.7 mg/kg/day, i.p.) at day 3 post-infection. Methods Mortality rate was assessed up to day 21 and inflammatory parameters were assessed at days 5 and 7. Results AT-01-KG attenuated mortality, reducing leukocyte infiltration and lung damage at day 5 and day 7 post-infection. AT-01-KG is a Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 (designated FPR2/3 in mice) agonist, and the protective responses were not observed in FPR2/3 -/- animals. In mice treated with LXA4 (50mg/kg/day, i.p., days 3-6 post-infection), at day 7, macrophage reprogramming was observed, as seen by a decrease in classically activated macrophages and an increase in alternatively activated macrophages in the lungs. Furthermore, the number of apoptotic cells and cells undergoing efferocytosis was increased in the lavage of treated mice. Treatment also modulated the adaptive immune response, increasing the number of anti-inflammatory T cells (Th2) and regulatory T (Tregs) cells in the lungs of the treated mice. Conclusions Therefore, treatment with a lipoxin A4 analog was beneficial in a model of influenza A infection in mice. The drug decreased inflammation and promoted resolution and beneficial immune responses, suggesting it may be useful in patients with severe influenza.
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Gupta A, Agarwal V. Inflammation as a shared mechanism of chronic stress related disorders with potential novel therapeutic targets. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03205-5. [PMID: 38850304 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Stress is a subjective experience that varies across individuals depending on their sensitivity, resilience, and length of exposure to stressors. Stress may be categorised as acute (positive stress) or chronic (negative stress). Acute stress is advantageous for the human body, but chronic stress results in changes in cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, autonomic, and immunological functions, eventually causing different illnesses. The specific process relating stress to chronic stress associated diseases is still a topic of continuing debate. Inflammation has been recognised as a new and fascinating physiological mechanism that connects chronic stress and its associated illnesses. This article explored the relationships between chronic stress, inflammation, and chronic illnesses, including depression, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. This article also emphasises on various possible therapeutic targets for the management of chronic stress related illnesses by targeting inflammation, namely lipoxins and alpha7 nicotinic receptors. These therapeutic targets may be useful in developing new and safe therapies for the management of chronic stress related dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anugya Gupta
- Faculty of Medical and Paramedical Sciences, Madhyanchal Professional University, Bhopal, 462044, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vipul Agarwal
- Ankerite College of Pharmacy, Sausheer Khera, Parvar Purab, Mohanlalganj, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Yasmeen N, Selvaraj H, Lakhawat SS, Datta M, Sharma PK, Jain A, Khanna R, Srinivasan J, Kumar V. Possibility of averting cytokine storm in SARS-COV 2 patients using specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 209:115437. [PMID: 36731803 PMCID: PMC9884647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fatal "cytokine storms (CS)" observed in critically ill COVID-19 patients are consequences of dysregulated host immune system and over-exuberant inflammatory response. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multi-system organ failure, and eventual death are distinctive symptoms, attributed to higher morbidity and mortality rates among these patients. Consequent efforts to save critical COVID-19 patients via the usage of several novel therapeutic options are put in force. Strategically, drugs being used in such patients are dexamethasone, remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, etc. along with the approved vaccines. Moreover, it is certain that activation of the resolution process is important for the prevention of chronic diseases. Until recently Inflammation resolution was considered a passive process, rather it's an active biochemical process that can be achieved by the use of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). These endogenous mediators are an array of atypical lipid metabolites that include Resolvins, lipoxins, maresins, protectins, considered as immunoresolvents, but their role in COVID-19 is ambiguous. Recent evidence from studies such as the randomized clinical trial, in which omega 3 fatty acid was used as supplement to resolve inflammation in COVID-19, suggests that direct supplementation of SPMs or the use of synthetic SPM mimetics (which are still being explored) could enhance the process of resolution by regulating the aberrant inflammatory process and can be useful in pain relief and tissue remodeling. Here we discussed the biosynthesis of SPMs, & their mechanistic pathways contributing to inflammation resolution along with sequence of events leading to CS in COVID-19, with a focus on therapeutic potential of SPMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrath Yasmeen
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Harikrishnan Selvaraj
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sudarshan S Lakhawat
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manali Datta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pushpender K Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ajay Jain
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rakhi Khanna
- Rajasthan State Regional Forensic Science Laboratory, Kota, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Vikram Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
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Classes of Lipid Mediators and Their Effects on Vascular Inflammation in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021637. [PMID: 36675152 PMCID: PMC9863938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
It is commonly believed that the inactivation of inflammation is mainly due to the decay or cessation of inducers. In reality, in connection with the development of atherosclerosis, spontaneous decay of inducers is not observed. It is now known that lipid mediators originating from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are important constituents of all cell membranes, can act in the inflamed tissue and bring it to resolution. In fact, PUFAs, such as arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are precursors to both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory compounds. In this review, we describe the lipid mediators of vascular inflammation and resolution, and their biochemical activity. In addition, we highlight data from the literature that often show a worsening of atherosclerotic disease in subjects deficient in lipid mediators of inflammation resolution, and we also report on the anti-proteasic and anti-thrombotic properties of these same lipid mediators. It should be noted that despite promising data observed in both animal and in vitro studies, contradictory clinical results have been observed for omega-3 PUFAs. Many further studies will be required in order to clarify the observed conflicts, although lifestyle habits such as smoking or other biochemical factors may often influence the normal synthesis of lipid mediators of inflammation resolution.
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Major structure-activity relationships of resolvins, protectins, maresins and their analogues. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:1943-1960. [PMID: 36449363 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Resolvins, protectins and maresins are a series of polyunsaturated fatty acid-derived molecules which play important roles in the resolution of inflammation. They are termed specialized proresolving mediators and facilitate a return to homeostasis following an inflammatory response. These molecules are currently the focus of intensive investigation, primarily for their ability to suppress inflammation in chronic disease states. Researchers have employed different synthetic approaches to assess whether various structural modifications of these compounds could provide access to future therapeutics. This review summarizes the modifications made thus far and focuses on the key structure-activity relationships which have been uncovered for resolvins, protectins, maresins and their analogues.
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Rangarajan S, Orujyan D, Rangchaikul P, Radwan MM. Critical Role of Inflammation and Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2829. [PMID: 36359349 PMCID: PMC9687471 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research on how the body resolves this inflammation is gaining traction and has shed light on new avenues for future management of cardiovascular diseases. In this narrative review, we discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms of atherosclerosis, the recent development in the understanding of a new class of molecules called Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators (SPMs), and the impact of such findings in the realm of cardiovascular treatment options. We searched the MEDLINE database restricting ourselves to original research articles as much as possible on the complex pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and the role of SPMs. We expect to see further research in translating these findings to bedside clinical trials in treating conditions with a pathophysiological basis of inflammation, such as coronary artery disease, asthma, and periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhapradha Rangarajan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Davit Orujyan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Patrida Rangchaikul
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Mohamed M. Radwan
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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Qin CX, Norling LV, Vecchio EA, Brennan EP, May LT, Wootten D, Godson C, Perretti M, Ritchie RH. Formylpeptide receptor 2: Nomenclature, structure, signalling and translational perspectives: IUPHAR review 35. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:4617-4639. [PMID: 35797341 PMCID: PMC9545948 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We discuss the fascinating pharmacology of formylpeptide receptor 2 (FPR2; often referred to as FPR2/ALX since it binds lipoxin A4 ). Initially identified as a low-affinity 'relative' of FPR1, FPR2 presents complex and diverse biology. For instance, it is activated by several classes of agonists (from peptides to proteins and lipid mediators) and displays diverse expression patterns on myeloid cells as well as epithelial cells and endothelial cells, to name a few. Over the last decade, the pharmacology of FPR2 has progressed from being considered a weak chemotactic receptor to a master-regulator of the resolution of inflammation, the second phase of the acute inflammatory response. We propose that exploitation of the biology of FPR2 offers innovative ways to rectify chronic inflammatory states and represents a viable avenue to develop novel therapies. Recent elucidation of FPR2 structure will facilitate development of the anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving drugs of next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xue Qin
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Lucy V. Norling
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of MedicineQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Elizabeth A. Vecchio
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Eoin P. Brennan
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute and School of MedicineUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Lauren T. May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Catherine Godson
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute and School of MedicineUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Mauro Perretti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of MedicineQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Rebecca H. Ritchie
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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Alfaro S, Acuña V, Ceriani R, Cavieres MF, Weinstein-Oppenheimer CR, Campos-Estrada C. Involvement of Inflammation and Its Resolution in Disease and Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810719. [PMID: 36142625 PMCID: PMC9505300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a critical role in the response to and survival from injuries and/or infections. It occurs in two phases: initiation and resolution; however, when these events do not resolve and persist over time, the inflammatory response becomes chronic, prompting diseases that affect several systems and organs, such as the vasculature and the skin. Here, we reviewed inflammation that occurs in selected infectious and sterile pathologies. Thus, the immune processes induced by bacterial sepsis as well as T. cruzi and SARS-CoV-2 infections are shown. In addition, vaccine adjuvants as well as atherosclerosis are revised as examples of sterile-mediated inflammation. An example of the consequences of a lack of inflammation resolution is given through the revision of wound healing and chronic wounds. Then, we revised the resolution of the latter through advanced therapies represented by cell therapy and tissue engineering approaches, showing how they contribute to control chronic inflammation and therefore wound healing. Finally, new pharmacological insights into the management of chronic inflammation addressing the resolution of inflammation based on pro-resolving mediators, such as lipoxin, maresin, and resolvins, examining their biosynthesis, biological properties, and pharmacokinetic and pharmaceuticals limitations, are given. We conclude that resolution pharmacology and advanced therapies are promising tools to restore the inflammation homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Alfaro
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Avenida Gran Bretaña, Valparaíso 1093, Chile
| | - Vania Acuña
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Avenida Gran Bretaña, Valparaíso 1093, Chile
| | - Ricardo Ceriani
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Avenida Gran Bretaña, Valparaíso 1093, Chile
| | - María Fernanda Cavieres
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Avenida Gran Bretaña, Valparaíso 1093, Chile
| | - Caroline Ruth Weinstein-Oppenheimer
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Avenida Gran Bretaña, Valparaíso 1093, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Farmacopea Chilena (CIFAR), Universidad de Valparaíso, Santa Marta 183, Valparaíso 1093, Chile
- Correspondence: (C.R.W.-O.); (C.C.-E.); Tel.: +56-32-2508419 (C.R.W.-O.); +56-32-2508140 (C.C.-E.)
| | - Carolina Campos-Estrada
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Avenida Gran Bretaña, Valparaíso 1093, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Farmacopea Chilena (CIFAR), Universidad de Valparaíso, Santa Marta 183, Valparaíso 1093, Chile
- Correspondence: (C.R.W.-O.); (C.C.-E.); Tel.: +56-32-2508419 (C.R.W.-O.); +56-32-2508140 (C.C.-E.)
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Kotlyarov S, Kotlyarova A. Molecular Pharmacology of Inflammation Resolution in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094808. [PMID: 35563200 PMCID: PMC9104781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the most important problems of modern medicine as it is the leading cause of hospitalizations, disability, and mortality. The key role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis is the imbalance between the activation of inflammation in the vascular wall and the mechanisms of its control. The resolution of inflammation is the most important physiological mechanism that is impaired in atherosclerosis. The resolution of inflammation has complex, not fully known mechanisms, in which lipid mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play an important role. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) represent a group of substances that carry out inflammation resolution and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. SPMs include lipoxins, resolvins, maresins, and protectins, which are formed from PUFAs and regulate many processes related to the active resolution of inflammation. Given the physiological importance of these substances, studies examining the possibility of pharmacological effects on inflammation resolution are of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Kotlyarova
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia;
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Lou J, Zhang H, Qi J, Xu Y, Wang X, Jiang J, Hu X, Ni L, Cai Y, Wang X, Gao W, Xiao J, Zhou K. Cyclic helix B peptide promotes random-pattern skin flap survival via TFE3-mediated enhancement of autophagy and reduction of ROS levels. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:301-321. [PMID: 34622942 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Necrosis of random-pattern skin flaps limits their clinical application. Helix B surface peptide (HBSP) protects tissues from ischemia-reperfusion injury; however, the short plasma half-life of HBSP limits its applications. Cyclic helix B peptide (CHBP) was synthesized in the present study, and the role of CHBP in flap survival and the underlying mechanism were investigated. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Flap viability was evaluated by survival area analysis, laser doppler blood flow, and histological analysis. RNA sequencing was used to identify the mechanisms relevant to the role of CHBP. Western blotting, real-time quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence were used to assay the levels of autophagy, oxidative stress, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and molecules related to the adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1)-calcineurin signaling pathway. KEY RESULTS The results indicated that CHBP promoted the survival of random-pattern skin flaps. The results of RNA sequencing analysis indicated that autophagy, oxidative stress, pyroptosis, and necroptosis were involved in the ability of CHBP to promote skin flap survival. Restoration of autophagy flux and enhanced resistance to oxidative stress contributed to inhibition of pyroptosis and necroptosis. Increased autophagy and inhibition of oxidative stress in the ischemic flaps are regulated by transcription factor E3 (TFE3). A decrease in the levels of TFE3 caused a reduction in autophagy flux and accumulation of ROS and eliminated the protective effect of CHBP. Moreover, CHBP regulated the activity of TFE3 via the AMPK-TRPML1-calcineurin signaling pathway. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS CHBP promotes skin flap survival by upregulating autophagy and inhibiting oxidative stress in the ischemic flap and may have potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsheng Lou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Qi
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingtao Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinli Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Libin Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuepiao Cai
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weiyang Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kailiang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Figurová D, Tokárová K, Greifová H, Knížatová N, Kolesárová A, Lukáč N. Inflammation, It's Regulation and Antiphlogistic Effect of the Cyanogenic Glycoside Amygdalin. Molecules 2021; 26:5972. [PMID: 34641516 PMCID: PMC8512454 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory reaction accompanies in part or in full any disease process in the vascularized metazoan. This complicated reaction is controlled by regulatory mechanisms, some of which produce unpleasant symptomatic manifestations of inflammation. Therefore, there has been an effort to develop selective drugs aimed at removing pain, fever, or swelling. Gradually, however, serious adverse side effects of such inhibitors became apparent. Scientific research has therefore continued to explore new possibilities, including naturally available substances. Amygdalin is a cyanogenic glycoside present, e.g., in bitter almonds. This glycoside has already sparked many discussions among scientists, especially about its anticancer potential and related toxic cyanides. However, toxicity at different doses made it generally unacceptable. Although amygdalin given at the correct oral dose may not lead to poisoning, it has not yet been accurately quantified, as its action is often affected by different intestinal microbial consortia. Its pharmacological activities have been studied, but its effects on the body's inflammatory response are lacking. This review discusses the chemical structure, toxicity, and current knowledge of the molecular mechanism of amygdalin activity on immune functions, including the anti-inflammatory effect, but also discusses inflammation as such, its mediators with diverse functions, which are usually targeted by drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarína Tokárová
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (D.F.); (H.G.); (N.K.); (A.K.); (N.L.)
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