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Shuai Y, Xu N, Zhao C, Yang F, Ning Z, Li G. MicroRNA-10 Family Promotes Renal Fibrosis through the VASH-1/Smad3 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5232. [PMID: 38791272 PMCID: PMC11120755 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis (RF) stands as a pivotal pathological process in the advanced stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and impeding its progression is paramount for delaying the advancement of CKD. The miR-10 family, inclusive of miR-10a and miR-10b, has been implicated in the development of various fibrotic diseases. Nevertheless, the precise role of miR-10 in the development of RF remains enigmatic. In this study, we utilized both an in vivo model involving unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in mice and an in vitro model employing TGF-β1 stimulation in HK-2 cells to unravel the mechanism underlying the involvement of miR-10a/b in RF. The findings revealed heightened expression of miR-10a and miR-10b in the kidneys of UUO mice, accompanied by a substantial increase in p-Smad3 and renal fibrosis-related proteins. Conversely, the deletion of these two genes led to a notable reduction in p-Smad3 levels and the alleviation of RF in mouse kidneys. In the in vitro model of TGF-β1-stimulated HK-2 cells, the co-overexpression of miR-10a and miR-10b fostered the phosphorylation of Smad3 and RF, while the inhibition of miR-10a and miR-10b resulted in a decrease in p-Smad3 levels and RF. Further research revealed that miR-10a and miR-10b, through binding to the 3'UTR region of Vasohibin-1 (VASH-1), suppressed the expression of VASH-1, thereby promoting the elevation of p-Smad3 and exacerbating the progression of RF. The miR-10 family may play a pivotal role in RF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Guoxia Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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2
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Choi G, Lee EY, Chung D, Cho K, Yu WJ, Nam SJ, Park SK, Choi IW. The Inhibition Effect and Mechanism of Staurosporine Isolated from Streptomyces sp. SNC087 Strain on Nasal Polyp. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:39. [PMID: 38248664 PMCID: PMC10820969 DOI: 10.3390/md22010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the potential inhibition effects of staurosporine isolated from a Streptomyces sp. SNC087 strain obtained from seawater on nasal polyps. Staurosporine possesses antimicrobial and antihypertensive activities. This research focuses on investigating the effects of staurosporine on suppressing the growth and development of nasal polyps and elucidating the underlying mechanisms involved. The experimental design includes in vitro and ex vivo evaluations to assess the inhibition activity and therapeutic potential of staurosporine against nasal polyps. Nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts (NPDFs) were stimulated with TGF-β1 in the presence of staurosporine. The levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen type-I (Col-1), fibronectin, and phosphorylated (p)-Smad 2 were investigated using Western blotting. VEGF expression levels were analyzed in nasal polyp organ cultures treated with staurosporine. TGF-β1 stimulated the production of Col-1, fibronectin, and α-SMA and was attenuated by staurosporine pretreatment. Furthermore, these inhibitory effects were mediated by modulation of the signaling pathway of Smad 2 in TGF-β1-induced NPDFs. Staurosporine also inhibits the production of VEGF in ex vivo NP tissues. The findings from this study will contribute to a better understanding of staurosporine's role in nasal polyp management and provide insights into its mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Choi
- Department of Microbial Resources, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea; (D.C.); (K.C.); (W.-J.Y.)
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; (E.-Y.L.); (S.-J.N.)
| | - Dawoon Chung
- Department of Microbial Resources, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea; (D.C.); (K.C.); (W.-J.Y.)
| | - Kichul Cho
- Department of Microbial Resources, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea; (D.C.); (K.C.); (W.-J.Y.)
| | - Woon-Jong Yu
- Department of Microbial Resources, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea; (D.C.); (K.C.); (W.-J.Y.)
| | - Sang-Jip Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; (E.-Y.L.); (S.-J.N.)
| | - Seong-Kook Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea;
| | - Il-Whan Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
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Modulation of Fibroblast Phenotype by Colorectal Cancer Cell-Secreted Factors Is Mostly Independent of Oncogenic KRAS. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162490. [PMID: 36010567 PMCID: PMC9406506 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS mutations have been shown to extend their oncogenic effects beyond the cancer cell, influencing the tumor microenvironment. Herein, we studied the impact of mutant KRAS on the modulation of the pro-tumorigenic properties of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), including α-SMA expression, TGFβ1 and HGF production, extracellular matrix components and metalloproteinases expression as well as collagen contraction and migration capacities. To do so, CCD-18Co normal-like colon fibroblasts were challenged with conditioned media from control and KRAS silenced colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Our results showed that the mutant KRAS CRC cell-secreted factors were capable of turning normal-like fibroblasts into CAF-like by modulating the α-SMA expression, TGFβ1 and HGF production and migration capacity. Oncogenic KRAS played a secondary role as its silencing did not completely impair the capacity of CRC cells to modulate most of the fibroblast properties analyzed. In summary, our work suggests that mutant KRAS does not play a major role in controlling the CRC cell-secreted factors that modulate the behavior of fibroblasts. The fact that CRC cells retain the capacity to modulate the pro-tumorigenic features of fibroblasts independently of KRAS silencing is likely to negatively impact their response to KRAS inhibitors, thus standing as a putative mechanism of resistance to KRAS inhibition with potential therapeutical relevance.
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Yamanishi C, Parigoris E, Takayama S. Kinetic Analysis of Label-Free Microscale Collagen Gel Contraction Using Machine Learning-Aided Image Analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:582602. [PMID: 33072731 PMCID: PMC7537788 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.582602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a deadly lung disease, wherein normal lung tissue is progressively replaced with fibrotic scar tissue. An aspect of this process can be recreated in vitro by embedding fibroblasts into a collagen matrix and providing a fibrotic stimulus. This work expands upon a previously described method to print microscale cell-laden collagen gels and combines it with live cell imaging and automated image analysis to enable high-throughput analysis of the kinetics of cell-mediated contraction of this collagen matrix. The image analysis method utilizes a plugin for FIJI, built around Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) Segmentation. After cross-validation of this automated image analysis with manual shape tracing, the assay was applied to primary human lung fibroblasts including cells isolated from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients. In the absence of any exogenous stimuli, the analysis showed significantly faster and more extensive contraction of the diseased cells compared to the healthy ones. Upon stimulation with transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), fibroblasts from the healthy donor showed significantly more contraction throughout the observation period while differences in the response of diseased cells was subtle and could only be detected during a smaller window of time. Finally, dose-response curves for the inhibition of collagen gel contraction were determined for 3 small molecules including the only 2 FDA-approved drugs for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Yamanishi
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.,The Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Eric Parigoris
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.,The Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.,The Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
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5
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Muraoka H, Hasegawa K, Sakamaki Y, Minakuchi H, Kawaguchi T, Yasuda I, Kanda T, Tokuyama H, Wakino S, Itoh H. Role of Nampt-Sirt6 Axis in Renal Proximal Tubules in Extracellular Matrix Deposition in Diabetic Nephropathy. Cell Rep 2020; 27:199-212.e5. [PMID: 30943401 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism plays a critical role in kidneys. We previously reported that decreased secretion of a NAD+ precursor, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), from proximal tubules (PTs) can trigger diabetic albuminuria. In the present study, we investigated the role of NMN-producing enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) in diabetic nephropathy. The expression of Nampt in PTs was downregulated in streptozotocin (STZ)-treated diabetic mice when they exhibited albuminuria. This albuminuria was ameliorated in PT-specific Nampt-overexpressing transgenic (TG) mice. PT-specific Nampt-conditional knockout (Nampt CKO) mice exhibited TBM thickening and collagen deposition, which were associated with the upregulation of the profibrogenic gene TIMP-1. Nampt CKO mice also exhibited the downregulation of sirtuins, particularly in Sirt6. PT-specific Sirt6-knockout mice exhibited enhanced fibrotic phenotype resembling that of Nampt CKO mice with increased Timp1 expression. In conclusion, the Nampt-Sirt6 axis in PTs serves as a key player in fibrogenic extracellular matrix remodeling in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Muraoka
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hasegawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sakamaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba 272-8583, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Minakuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kawaguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Itaru Yasuda
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kanda
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hirobumi Tokuyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shu Wakino
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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Patil PS, Fathollahipour S, Inmann A, Pant A, Amini R, Shriver LP, Leipzig ND. Fluorinated Methacrylamide Chitosan Hydrogel Dressings Improve Regenerated Wound Tissue Quality in Diabetic Wound Healing. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2019; 8:374-385. [PMID: 31346492 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2018.0887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Oxygen therapy has shown promising results for treating diabetic wounds. However, clinically used oxygen therapies are cumbersome and expensive. Thus, there is a need to develop a localized oxygenating treatment that is easy to use and inexpensive. Approach: In this study, we tested a previously developed hydrogel sheet wound dressing based on fluorinated methacrylamide chitosan (MACF) for enhanced oxygenation and compared it with a commercial sheet hydrogel dressing, AquaDerm™, and no treatment controls in a splinted transgenic diabetic mouse wound model. Results: AquaDerm exhibited poor wound closure response compared with the MACF oxygenating hydrogel sheet dressing (MACF+O2) and no treatment. Histological analysis revealed enhanced collagen synthesis and neovascularization upon MACF+O2 treatment as indicated by higher collagen content and number of blood vessels/capillaries compared with AquaDerm and no treatment. MACF+O2 also improved wound collagen fiber alignment, thus demonstrating improved skin tissue maturation. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based biodistribution analysis revealed that the degradation products of the MACF-based dressing did not accumulate in lung, liver, and kidney tissues of the treated animals after 14 days of treatment. Innovation: This study presents the first application of a unique oxygenating biomaterial (MACF) made into a moist hydrogel wound dressing for treating diabetic wounds. Conclusion: The results of this study confirm the benefits of this novel biomaterial approach for improving regenerated tissue structure in diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam S. Patil
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio
| | | | | | - Anup Pant
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio
| | - Rouzbeh Amini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio
| | | | - Nic D. Leipzig
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio
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Effect of phlorotannins on myofibroblast differentiation and ECM protein expression in transforming growth factor β1‑induced nasal polyp‑derived fibroblasts. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:2213-2220. [PMID: 30015862 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Phlorotannins (PTNs), a group of phenolic compounds from seaweeds, have diverse bioactivities. However, there has been no report on their antifibrotic effects during nasal polyp (NP) formation. In the present study, the effect of PTNs on transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β1‑induced profibrotic responses in nasal polyp‑derived fibroblasts (NPDFs) were determined and the relevant signaling pathways were investigated. The expression levels of collagen type‑1 (Col‑1) and fibronectin in NP tissues were measured by western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. The NPDFs were treated with TGF‑β1 (1 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of PTNs (5‑30 µg/ml). The expression levels of α‑smooth muscle actin (α‑SMA), Col‑1, fibronectin, and phosphorylated‑small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad)2/3 in NPDFs were measured by western blot analysis. The contractile activity of the NPDFs was determined by a collagen gel contraction assay. Col‑1 and fibronectin proteins were found to be expressed in NP tissues. PTNs had no significant cytotoxic effect on TGF‑β1‑induced NPDFs. TGF‑β1 induced the expression α‑SMA, Col‑1 and fibronectin, and stimulated fibroblast‑mediated contraction of collagen gel. However, pre‑treatment with PTNs inhibited the expression of these proteins. The inhibitory effects were mediated through the suppression of Smad2/3 signaling pathways in TGF‑β1‑induced NPDFs. These resulted suggested that PTNs may be important in inhibiting myofibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix protein accumulation in NP formation through the Smad2/3 signaling pathway.
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8
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Yingzhu K, Shujuan G, Chengcheng L, Yi D. [Research progression of the relationship between integrin α2β1 and drug-induced gingival overgrowth]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2017; 35:99-103. [PMID: 28326736 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) is characterized by fibrous gingival hyperplasia and increased gingival volume. DIGO is histologically associated with proliferation of cells and deposition of extracellular matrices, particularly collagen. Integrin α2β1 is related to collagen phagocytosis and involved in the occurrence and progression of DIGO. This paper reviews the progress of research on the relationship between integrin α2β1 and DIGO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yingzhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Dept. of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guo Shujuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Dept. of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liu Chengcheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Dept. of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ding Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Dept. of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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New E-beam-initiated hyaluronan acrylate cryogels support growth and matrix deposition by dermal fibroblasts. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 94:611-620. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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10
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Toba H, de Castro Brás LE, Baicu CF, Zile MR, Lindsey ML, Bradshaw AD. Increased ADAMTS1 mediates SPARC-dependent collagen deposition in the aging myocardium. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 310:E1027-35. [PMID: 27143554 PMCID: PMC4935141 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00040.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a collagen-binding matricellular protein highly expressed during fibrosis. Fibrosis is a prominent component of cardiac aging that reduces myocardial elasticity. Previously, we reported that SPARC deletion attenuated myocardial stiffness and collagen deposition in aged mice. To investigate the mechanisms by which SPARC promotes age-related cardiac fibrosis, we evaluated six groups of mice (n = 5-6/group): young (3-5 mo old), middle-aged (10-12 mo old), and old (18-29 mo old) C57BL/6 wild type (WT) and SPARC-null (Null) mice. Collagen content, determined by picrosirius red staining, increased in an age-dependent manner in WT but not in Null mice. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin-like motifs 1 (ADAMTS1) increased in middle-aged and old WT compared with young, whereas in Null mice only old animals showed increased ADAMTS1 expression. Versican, a substrate of ADAMTS1, decreased with age only in WT. To assess the mechanisms of SPARC-induced collagen deposition, we stimulated cardiac fibroblasts with SPARC. SPARC treatment increased secretion of collagen I and ADAMTS1 (both the 110-kDa latent and 87-kDa active forms) into the conditioned media as well as the cellular expression of transforming growth factor-β1-induced protein (Tgfbi) and phosphorylated Smad2. An ADAMTS1 blocking antibody suppressed the SPARC-induced collagen I secretion, indicating that SPARC promoted collagen production directly through ADAMTS1 interaction. In conclusion, ADAMTS1 is an important mediator of SPARC-regulated cardiac aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroe Toba
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan;
| | - Lisandra E de Castro Brás
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Catalin F Baicu
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Michael R Zile
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina; and
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Amy D Bradshaw
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina; and
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11
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Mou X, Zhou DY, Zhou DY, Ma JR, Liu YH, Chen HP, Hu YB, Shou CM, Chen JW, Liu WH, Ma GL. Serum TGF-β1 as a Biomarker for Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149513. [PMID: 26901047 PMCID: PMC4764759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal expression of serum TGF-β1 was found in patients with diabetic nephropathy. However, the association of TGF-β1 with the risk of diabetic nephropathy remains unknown. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether such an association exists. Methods We searched the Chinese VIP, Wangfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar databases for relevant studies and extracted all eligible data. Stata12 software was used for statistical analysis. Results Nine reports met our criteria and were used for data extraction. There were 264 patients and 227 healthy controls from qualified reports in this meta-analysis. The results suggested that serum TGF-β1 levels were significantly up-regulated in patients with diabetic nephropathy; the instrumental variable was 3.94 (95% confidence interval 3.20–4.68, p<0.01). Conclusions Meta-analysis suggested that elevated serum TGF-β level in patients with diabetes is associated with a high risk of nephropathy. Further studies are required to validate these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Mou
- Endocrinology Department, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Di-Yi Zhou
- Endocrinology Department, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Dan-Yang Zhou
- Endocrinology Department, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jing-Ru Ma
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, City Road 548, Binjiang District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310053, China
| | - Ying-Hui Liu
- Endocrinology Department, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Hui-Ping Chen
- Endocrinology Department, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yong-Bin Hu
- Endocrinology Department, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Cheng-Min Shou
- Endocrinology Department, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jia-Wei Chen
- Endocrinology Department, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Wen-Hong Liu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, City Road 548, Binjiang District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310053, China
| | - Guo-Ling Ma
- Endocrinology Department, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- * E-mail:
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12
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Sharp CN, Doll MA, Dupre TV, Shah PP, Subathra M, Siow D, Arteel GE, Megyesi J, Beverly LJ, Siskind LJ. Repeated administration of low-dose cisplatin in mice induces fibrosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 310:F560-8. [PMID: 26739893 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00512.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin, a chemotherapeutic used for the treatment of solid cancers, has nephrotoxic side effects leading to acute kidney injury (AKI). Cisplatin cannot be given to patients that have comorbidities that predispose them to an increased risk for AKI. Even without these comorbidities, 30% of patients administered cisplatin will develop kidney injury, requiring the oncologist to withhold or reduce the next dose, leading to a less effective therapeutic regimen. Although recovery can occur after one episode of cisplatin-induced AKI, longitudinal studies have indicated that multiple episodes of AKI lead to the development of chronic kidney disease, an irreversible disease with no current treatment. The standard mouse model of cisplatin-induced AKI consists of one high dose of cisplatin (>20 mg/kg) that is lethal to the animal 3 days later. This model does not accurately reflect the dosing regimen patients receive nor does it allow for the long-term study of kidney function and biology. We have developed a repeated dosing model whereby cisplatin is given once a week for 4 wk. Comparison of the repeated dosing model with the standard dosing model demonstrated that inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were induced in the repeated dosing model, but levels of cell death were lower in the repeated dosing model. The repeated dosing model had increased levels of fibrotic markers (fibronectin, transforming growth factor-β, and α-smooth muscle actin) and interstitial fibrosis. These data indicate that the repeated dosing model can be used to study the AKI to chronic kidney disease progression as well as the mechanisms of this progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cierra N Sharp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Mark A Doll
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Tess V Dupre
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Parag P Shah
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; and
| | - Marimuthu Subathra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Deanna Siow
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Gavin E Arteel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Judit Megyesi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas, Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Levi J Beverly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; and
| | - Leah J Siskind
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; and
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13
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Hydrogen peroxide-inducible clone-5 regulates mesangial cell proliferation in proliferative glomerulonephritis in mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122773. [PMID: 25835392 PMCID: PMC4383376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide-inducible clone-5 (Hic-5) is a transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-inducible focal adhesion protein. We previously demonstrated that Hic-5 was localized in mesangial cells and its expression was associated with glomerular cell proliferation and matrix expansion in human and rat glomerulonephritis (GN). In the present study, we first assessed the role of Hic-5 in mesangioproliferative GN by injecting Habu venom into heminephrectomized wild type (Hic-5+/+) and Hic-5-deficient (Hic-5-/-) mice. Hic-5+/+ GN mice exhibited glomerular cell proliferation on day 7. Surprisingly, glomerular cell number and Ki-67-positive cells in Hic-5-/- GN mice were significantly greater than those in Hic-5+/+ GN mice on day 7, although the number of glomerular apoptotic cells and the expression of growth factors (platelet-derived growth factor-BB and TGF-β1) and their receptors were similarly increased in both Hic-5+/+ and Hic-5-/- GN mice. In culture experiments, proliferation assays showed that platelet-derived growth factor-BB and TGF-β1 enhanced the proliferation of Hic-5-/- mesangial cells compared with Hic-5+/+ mesangial cells. In addition, mitogenic regulation by Hic-5 was associated with altered and coordinated expression of cell cycle-related proteins including cyclin D1 and p21. The present results suggest that Hic-5 might regulate mesangial cell proliferation in proliferative GN in mice. In conclusion, modulation of Hic-5 expression might have a potential to prevent mesangial cell proliferation in the acute mitogenic phase of glomerulonephritis.
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Della Penna SL, Rosón MI, Toblli JE, Fernández BE. Role of angiotensin II and oxidative stress in renal inflammation by hypernatremia: Benefits of atrial natriuretic peptide, losartan, and tempol. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:383-96. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1006216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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15
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Ehanire T, Ren L, Bond J, Medina M, Li G, Bashirov L, Chen L, Kokosis G, Ibrahim M, Selim A, Blobe GC, Levinson H. Angiotensin II stimulates canonical TGF-β signaling pathway through angiotensin type 1 receptor to induce granulation tissue contraction. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 93:289-302. [PMID: 25345602 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hypertrophic scar contraction (HSc) is caused by granulation tissue contraction propagated by myofibroblast and fibroblast migration and contractility. Identifying the stimulants that promote migration and contractility is key to mitigating HSc. Angiotensin II (AngII) promotes migration and contractility of heart, liver, and lung fibroblasts; thus, we investigated the mechanisms of AngII in HSc. Human scar and unwounded dermis were immunostained for AngII receptors angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1 receptor) and angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2 receptor) and analyzed for AT1 receptor expression using Western blot. In vitro assays of fibroblast contraction and migration under AngII stimulation were conducted with AT1 receptor, AT2 receptor, p38, Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), MEK, and activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) antagonism. Excisional wounds were created on AT1 receptor KO and wild-type (WT) mice treated with AngII ± losartan and ALK5 and JNK inhibitors SB-431542 and SP-600125, respectively. Granulation tissue contraction was quantified, and wounds were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. AT1 receptor expression was increased in scar, but not unwounded tissue. AngII induced fibroblast contraction and migration through AT1 receptor. Cell migration was inhibited by ALK5 and JNK, but not p38 or MEK blockade. In vivo experiments determined that absence of AT1 receptor and chemical AT1 receptor antagonism diminished granulation tissue contraction while AngII stimulated wound contraction. AngII granulation tissue contraction was diminished by ALK5 inhibition, but not JNK. AngII promotes granulation tissue contraction through AT1 receptor and downstream canonical transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway, ALK5. Further understanding the pathogenesis of HSc as an integrated signaling mechanism could improve our approach to establishing effective therapeutic interventions. KEY MESSAGE AT1 receptor expression is increased in scar tissue compared to unwounded tissue. AngII stimulates expression of proteins that confer cell migration and contraction. AngII stimulates fibroblast migration and contraction through AT1 receptor, ALK5, and JNK. AngII-stimulated in vivo granulation tissue contraction is AT1 receptor and ALK5 dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosan Ehanire
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (DUMC), Durham, NC, USA
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Epivatianos A, Andreadis D, Iordanidis S. Myofibroblasts and transforming growth factor-beta1 in reactive gingival overgrowths. EJOURNAL OF ORAL MAXILLOFACIAL RESEARCH 2013; 4:e3. [PMID: 24422026 PMCID: PMC3886107 DOI: 10.5037/jomr.2013.4103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the oral health-related quality of
life of patients treated with implant-supported mandibular overdentures and to compare
the attachment systems used. Material and Methods The presence of myofibroblasts as well as transforming growth
factor-beta1 was examined in twenty cases of fibrous epulis and 22
ossifying fibrous epulis, using immunohistochemistry. Results Myofibroblasts positive for alpha smooth muscle actin and vimentin but
negative to desmin were found in 20% and 45% in fibrous epulis and
ossifying fibrous epulis, respectively. Myofibroblasts were distributed
in areas with and without inflammatory infiltration and their presence
in inflammatory areas was not related with the degree of inflammatory
infiltration. A percentage of 21 - 60% of fibroblasts and chronic
inflammatory cells expressed transforming growth factor-beta1 in all
cases. Conclusions These data suggest that transforming growth factor-beta1 and
myofibroblasts contribute to the formation of collagenous connective
tissue in fibrous epulis and ossifying fibrous epulis. Myofibroblasts
are mainly presented in ossifying fibrous epulis than in fibrous epulis.
It seems to be no relationship between the presence of myofibroblasts
and the degree of inflammatory infiltration of the lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Epivatianos
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology, Dental School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Dimitrios Andreadis
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology, Dental School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Savas Iordanidis
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology, Dental School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Greece
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Adapala RK, Thoppil RJ, Luther DJ, Paruchuri S, Meszaros JG, Chilian WM, Thodeti CK. TRPV4 channels mediate cardiac fibroblast differentiation by integrating mechanical and soluble signals. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 54:45-52. [PMID: 23142541 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The phenotypic switch underlying the differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts into hypersecretory myofibroblasts is critical for cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction. Myofibroblasts facilitate wound repair in the myocardium by secreting and organizing extracellular matrix (ECM) during the wound healing process. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in myofibroblast differentiation are not well known. TGF-β has been shown to promote differentiation and this, combined with the robust mechanical environment in the heart, lead us to hypothesize that the mechanotransduction and TGF-β signaling pathways play active roles in the differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. Here, we show that the mechanosensitve ion channel TRPV4 is required for TGF-β1-induced differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. We found that the TRPV4-specific antagonist AB159908 and siRNA knockdown of TRPV4 significantly inhibited TGFβ1-induced differentiation as measured by incorporation of α-SMA into stress fibers. Further, we found that TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation was dependent on ECM stiffness, a response that was attenuated by TRPV4 blockade. Finally, TGF-β1 treated fibroblasts exhibited enhanced TRPV4 expression and TRPV4-mediated calcium influx compared to untreated controls. Taken together these results suggest for the first time that the mechanosensitive ion channel, TRPV4, regulates cardiac fibroblast differentiation to myofibroblasts by integrating signals from TGF-β1 and mechanical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi K Adapala
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
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Lee YW, Chung Y, Juhn SK, Kim Y, Lin J. Activation of the transforming growth factor beta pathway in bacterial otitis media. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2011; 120:204-13. [PMID: 21510147 DOI: 10.1177/000348941112000310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Granulation tissue is common in otitis media (OM), yet little is known about the signaling pathways in the formation of granulation tissue in response to infections. In this study, we sought to investigate the activation of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling pathway in the formation of granulation tissue in response to middle ear pathogens. METHODS Rat OM models were made by inoculating pneumococcus type 6A or nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae into the middle ear cavity or by obstructing the eustachian tube. Various pathway activities in the middle ear mucosa were analyzed with microarrays. RESULTS The TGF-beta signaling pathway was highly regulated in the middle ear cleft with bacterial OM, but not in the ears with eustachian tube obstruction. In ears with bacterial OM, the TGF-beta signaling pathway products were higher in Haemophilus-infected ears than in pneumococcus-infected ears. CONCLUSIONS Bacterial OM triggers granulation tissue to thrive in the middle ear cleft of rats. Nontypeable H influenzae is more potent than pneumococcus type 6A in the formation of granulation tissue. Eustachian tube obstruction alone did not contribute to granulation tissue formation in the middle ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Woo Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Yao Y, Zhang J, Tan DQ, Chen XY, Ye DF, Peng JP, Li JT, Zheng YQ, Fang L, Li YK, Fan MX. Interferon-γ Improves Renal Interstitial Fibrosis and Decreases Intrarenal Vascular Resistance of Hydronephrosis in an Animal Model. Urology 2011; 77:761.e8-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2010.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Huang C, Du R, Zhang P, Meng H, Jia H, Song Y, Li M, Zhang Y, Sun S. Expression, purification, and functional characterization of recombinant PTD-SARA. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2011; 43:110-7. [PMID: 21266541 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmq122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Smad anchor for receptor activation (SARA) protein is a binding partner for Smad2/3 that plays an important role in the fibrotic promoting signaling pathway initiated by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). The C-terminal 665-750 aa of SARA comprises the Smad-binding domain (SBD). By direct interaction through the SBD, SARA inhibits Smad2/3 phosphorylation and blocks the interaction between Smad2/3 and Smad4, thereby restrains the process of fibrosis. In this study, we constructed a SARA peptide aptamer based on the SBD sequence. The recombinant SARA aptamer, fused with a protein transduction domain (PTD-SARA), was cloned, purified from E. coli, and characterized for the first time. The full-length PTD-SARA coding sequence, created with E. coli favored codons, was cloned into a pQE-30 vector, and the recombinant plasmid was transformed into an M15 strain. After Isopropyl β-D-1-Thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) induction and Ni(2+) affinity purification, recombinant PTD-SARA was further identified by immunoblotting and protein N-terminal sequencing. Epifluorescence microscopy revealed that the recombinant PTD-SARA was transferred into the cytoplasm and nucleus more efficiently than SARA. Moreover, the recombinant PTD-SARA was found to up-regulate the level of E-cadherin and down-regulate the levels of α-SMA and phospho-Smad3 more efficiently than SARA (P < 0.05). Our work explored a method to obtain recombinant PTD-SARA protein. The recombinant PTD-SARA fusion protein could enter HK2 cells (an immortalized proximal tubule epithelial cell line) more efficiently than the SARA protein and reverse the renal epithelial-to-mesenchymal transdifferentiation process that was induced by TGF-β1 more effectively than the SARA protein. Recombinant PDT-SARA is likely to be a potential candidate for clinical prevention and treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Dihazi H, Dihazi GH, Mueller C, Lahrichi L, Asif AR, Bibi A, Eltoweissy M, Vasko R, Mueller GA. Proteomics characterization of cell model with renal fibrosis phenotype: osmotic stress as fibrosis triggering factor. J Proteomics 2010; 74:304-18. [PMID: 21118732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibroblasts are thought to play a major role in the development of renal fibrosis (RF). The mechanisms leading to this renal alteration remain poorly understood. We performed differential proteomic analyses with two established fibroblast cell lines with RF phenotype to identify new molecular pathways associated with RF. Differential 2-DE combined with mass spectrometry analysis revealed the alteration of more than 30 proteins in fibrotic kidney fibroblasts (TK188) compared to normal kidney fibroblast (TK173). Among these proteins, markers of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress- and the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway (GRP78, GRP94, ERP57, ERP72, and CALR) and the oxidative stress pathway proteins (PRDX1, PRDX2, PRDX6, HSP70, HYOU1) were highly up-regulated in fibrotic cells. Activation of these stress pathways through long time exposition of TK173, to high NaCl or glucose concentrations resulted in TK188 like phenotype. Parallel to an increase in reactive oxygen species, the stressed cells showed significant alteration of fibrosis markers, ER-stress and oxidative stress proteins. Similar effects of osmotic stress could be also observed on renal proximal tubule cells. Our data suggest an important role of the ER-stress proteins in fibrosis and highlights the pro-fibrotic effect of osmotic stress through activation of oxidative stress and ER-stress pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Dihazi
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Georg-August University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
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Stangou M, Alexopoulos E, Pantzaki A, Leonstini M, Memmos D. C5b-9 glomerular deposition and tubular α3β1-integrin expression are implicated in the development of chronic lesions and predict renal function outcome in immunoglobulin A nephropathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 42:373-80. [DOI: 10.1080/00365590801943241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stangou
- Nephrology Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - Maria Leonstini
- Pathology Department, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Memmos
- Nephrology Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Ponticos M, Harvey C, Ikeda T, Abraham D, Bou-Gharios G. JunB mediates enhancer/promoter activity of COL1A2 following TGF-beta induction. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 37:5378-89. [PMID: 19561194 PMCID: PMC2760791 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional control of the genes coding for collagen type I is regulated by a complex interaction between a distal enhancer and a proximal promoter. In this study, we have dissected the molecular mechanism of this interaction by defining a specific sequence within the enhancer that respond in fibroblasts to transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). We show that TGF-β activates COL1A2 gene via a non-canonical (Smad-independent) signalling pathway, which requires enhancer/promoter co-operation. This interaction involves exchange of cJun/Jun B transcription factor occupancy of a critical enhancer site resulting in the stabilization of enhancer/promoter coalescence. Moreover, using transgenesis, we show that interference in this mechanism results in the abolition of COL1A2 fibroblast expression in vivo. These data are therefore relevant to the control of collagen type I in vivo both in embryonic development, in adult connective tissue homeostasis, and in tissue repair and scarring pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markella Ponticos
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Rheumatology, University College London Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK
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Zhou J, Meng LY, Ye XQ, Von den Hoff JW, Bian Z. Increased expression of integrin alpha2 and abnormal response to TGF-beta1 in hereditary gingival fibromatosis. Oral Dis 2009; 15:414-21. [PMID: 19422573 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2009.01567.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the possible correlation between integrin alpha1, alpha2, and beta1 expression and excessive collagen synthesis in fibroblasts from 3 unrelated Chinese families with hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF). DESIGN Gingival fibroblasts from three Chinese HGF patients and three healthy subjects were included. The expression of alpha1, alpha2, and beta1 integrin subunits was examined by immunohistochemistry, quantitative PCR, and flow cytometry. We also investigated the effects of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) on the expression of these integrin subunits. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that the expression of alpha2 was significantly higher in HGF fibroblasts compared with control fibroblasts (P < 0.01). No significant differences in the expression of alpha1 and beta1 were detected. Furthermore, TGF-beta1 promoted the expression of alpha1 and alpha2 in fibroblasts from both HGF patients and controls. However, it had a larger effect on the expression of alpha2 in HGF fibroblasts than in control cells. In contrast, alpha1 expression was stimulated more in control fibroblasts. CONCLUSION The increased expression of integrin alpha2 and the increased response to TGF-beta1 of HGF fibroblasts may be related to the excessive collagen deposition in HGF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Hubei, China
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26
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Pyle AL, Atkinson JB, Pozzi A, Reese J, Eckes B, Davidson JM, Crimmins DL, Young PP. Regulation of the atheroma-enriched protein, SPRR3, in vascular smooth muscle cells through cyclic strain is dependent on integrin alpha1beta1/collagen interaction. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2008; 173:1577-88. [PMID: 18832573 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.080042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaques express high levels of small proline-rich repeat protein (SPRR3), a previously characterized component of the cornified cell envelope of stratified epithelia, where it is believed to play a role in cellular adaptation to biomechanical stress. We investigated the physiological signals and underlying mechanism(s) that regulate atheroma-enriched SPRR3 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We showed that SPRR3 is expressed by VSMCs in both human and mouse atheromas. In cultured arterial VSMCs, mechanical cyclic strain, but neither shear stress nor lipid loading induced SPRR3 expression. Furthermore, this upregulation of SPRR3 expression was dependent on VSMC adherence to type I collagen. To link the mechanoregulation of SPRR3 to specific collagen/integrin interactions, we used blocking antibodies against either integrin alpha1 or alpha2 subunits and VSMCs from mice that lack specific collagen receptors. Our results showed a dependence on the alpha1beta1 integrin for SPRR3 expression induced by cyclic strain. Furthermore, we showed that integrin alpha1 but not alpha2 subunits were expressed on VSMCs within mouse lesions but not in normal arteries. Therefore, we identified the enrichment of the mechanical strain-regulated protein SPRR3 in VSMCs of both human and mouse atherosclerotic lesions whose expression is dependent on the collagen-binding integrin alpha1beta1 on VSMCs. These data suggest that SPRR3 may play a role in VSMC adaptation to local biomechanical stress within the plaque microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Pyle
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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27
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Aupperle H, März I, Thielebein J, Schoon HA. Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-β1, -β2 and -β3 in Normal and Diseased Canine Mitral Valves. J Comp Pathol 2008; 139:97-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2008.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Revised: 05/13/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gionanlis L, Alexopoulos E, Papagianni A, Leontsini M, Memmos D. Fibrotic mechanisms in idiopathic rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis: the role of TGF-beta1 and C5b-9. Ren Fail 2008; 30:239-46. [PMID: 18300128 DOI: 10.1080/08860220701804979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic IRPGN is a form of renal vasculitis in which a high chronicity index is present despite minimal impairment of renal function. The present study investigated the mechanisms underlining the relatively early appearance of fibrosis. METHODS In all, 34 patients (17 males) with biopsy proven idiopathic RPGN were included. On light microscopy, the percentage and evolution stage of crescents, the presence of glomerular necrosis, the degree or severity of arteriosclerosis, as well as the extent of tubulointerstitial (TIN) infiltration, interstial fibrosis, and tubular atrophy were assessed. Monoclonal antibodies were used to identify infiltrating macrophages, HLA-DR (+), alpha-SMA (+), and PCNA (+) cells, the expression of the adhesion molecule ICAM-1, the growth factor TGF-beta1, and the terminal complement component C5b-9. RESULTS The presence of glomerular necrosis correlated positively with the number of SMA (+) cells in TIN (p = 0.036). Glomerular TGF-beta1 expression had positive correlation with tubular C5b-9 expression. The tubulointerstitial TGF-beta1 expression correlated with tubular C5b-9 expression (p = 0.001) and TGF-beta1 expression (p = 0.009). Independent factors predicting the severity of renal function impairment were the CRP levels (p = 0.002) and the degree of arteriosclerosis (p = 0.01). CRP levels correlated with the severity of interstitial infiltration and fibrosis (p = 0.02), the expression of TGF-beta1 in the glomeruli (p = 0.009) and the interstitial space (p = 0.001), and the intensity of tubular ICAM-1 and C5b-9 expression (p = 0.023, p = 0.002, respectively). The severity of proteinuria showed a significant correlation with the expression of TGF-beta1 in the glomeruli (p = 0.033) and the tubulointerstitium (p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS The activation of interstitial fibroblasts seems to be an early phenomenon that is related to the extent of glomerular necrosis. Glomerular TGF-beta1 may induce tubular expression of C5b-9. Increased tubular C5b-9 expression may result in interstitial fibrosis through increased TGF-beta1 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazaros Gionanlis
- Department of Nephrology, 'G.Papanikolaou' General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Leonova EV, Pennington KE, Krebsbach PH, Kohn DH. Substrate mineralization stimulates focal adhesion contact redistribution and cell motility of bone marrow stromal cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 79:263-70. [PMID: 16817221 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of substrate based control of cell function is critical to the design of biomaterials. Cells interact with their extracellular matrix through cell adhesion contacts. We have previously described the self assembly of bone-like mineral onto an organic template and have shown that these biomimetic surfaces lead to an increased volume fraction of bone regenerated in vivo. In the present study, we compared the distribution of cell adhesion contacts, cell spreading, and cell motility of murine bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) on mineralized vs. nonmineralized substrates. We developed a new approach for quantification of cell-material interactions and demonstrated that cell adhesion contacts on mineralized substrates were distributed throughout the cell surface contacting the substrate, whereas on nonmineralized substrates cell adhesion contacts were present near the cell periphery. We propose that mineralized substrates stimulate the predominant expression of fibrillar contacts, and nonmineralized substrates stimulate expression of focal adhesion contacts. Cell motility assays with colloidal gold demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in the average phagokinetic index of migrating cells on mineralized vs. nonmineralized substrates after 90 min of cell seeding. We propose that the physical-chemical properties of the substrate, altered by mineralization, cause expression of specific types of cell contacts and, as a result, modify molecular mechanisms responsible for cell spreading, motility, and possibly differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Leonova
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109-1078, USA
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30
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Zheng Q, Safina A, Bakin AV. Role of high-molecular weight tropomyosins in TGF-β-mediated control of cell motility. Int J Cancer 2007; 122:78-90. [PMID: 17721995 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) suppresses tumor development at early stages of cancer, but enhances tumor invasion and formation of metastasis. TGF-beta1-mediated tumor invasion is associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and matrix proteolysis. The mechanisms of these TGF-beta1 responses in normal and tumor cells are not well understood. Recently, we have reported that TGF-beta1 increases expression of high-molecular weight tropomyosins (HMW-tropomyosins) and formation of actin stress fibers in normal epithelial cells. The present study investigated the role of tropomyosin in TGF-beta1-mediated cell motility and invasion. We found that TGF-beta1 restricts motility of normal epithelial cells although it promotes EMT and formation of actin stress fibers and focal adhesions. Cell motility was enhanced by siRNA-mediated suppression of HMW-tropomyosins. TGF-beta1 stimulated migration and matrix proteolysis in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells that express low levels of HMW-tropomyosins. Tet-Off-regulated expression of HMW-tropomyosin inhibited cell migration and matrix proteolysis without affecting expression of matrix metalloproteinases. Tropomyosin increased cell adhesion to matrix by enhancing actin fibers and focal adhesions. Finally, tropomyosin impaired the ability of tumor cells to form lung metastases in SCID mice. Thus, these results suggest that HMW-tropomyosins are important for TGF-beta-mediated control of cell motility and acquisition of the metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zheng
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Luo Y, Kobler JB, Zeitels SM, Langer R. Effects of Growth Factors on Extracellular Matrix Production by Vocal Fold Fibroblasts in 3-Dimensional Culture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 12:3365-74. [PMID: 17518673 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2006.12.3365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Culturing cells in 3-dimensional (3D) systems is important in tissue engineering and in fundamental studies of cellular mechanisms that are sensitive or specific to the 3D environment. To guide the engineering of artificial vocal fold lamina propria tissue, we developed 3D cultures containing human vocal fold fibroblasts (hVFFs) dispersed in a synthetic peptide hydrogel matrix. Growth factors were added to the culture to examine their influence on extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, cell proliferation, and matrix contraction. The hVFF-hydrogel constructs were treated with transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), or hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and the culture was maintained for 21 days. TGF-beta1 induced matrix contraction and enhanced collagen and sulfated glycosaminoglycan production, bFGF effectively increased cell proliferation, and HGF stimulated synthesis of hyaluronic acid and elastin with less collagen accumulation than other conditions. Of the growth factors tested, HGF appears to be most useful for stimulating essential tissue components for restoring vocal fold pliability. The results also suggest that multiple growth factors might be employed sequentially or in combination to program the makeup of cell-hydrogel constructs for vocal fold tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Rosón MI, Cavallero S, Della Penna S, Cao G, Gorzalczany S, Pandolfo M, Kuprewicz A, Canessa O, Toblli JE, Fernández BE. Acute sodium overload produces renal tubulointerstitial inflammation in normal rats. Kidney Int 2006; 70:1439-46. [PMID: 16955102 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5001831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine whether acute sodium overload could trigger an inflammatory reaction in the tubulointerstitial (TI) compartment in normal rats. Four groups of Sprague-Dawley rats received increasing NaCl concentrations by intravenous infusion. Control (C): Na+ 0.15 M; G1: Na+ 0.5 M; G2: Na+ 1.0 M; and G3: Na+ 1.5 M. Creatinine clearance, mean arterial pressure (MAP), renal blood flow (RBF), and sodium fractional excretion were determined. Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), RANTES, transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB), and angiotensin II (ANG II) were evaluated in kidneys by immunohistochemistry. Animals with NaCl overload showed normal glomerular function without MAP and RBF modifications and exhibited a concentration-dependent natriuretic response. Plasmatic sodium increased in G2 (P < 0.01) and G3 (P < 0.001). Light microscopy did not show renal morphological damage. Immunohistochemistry revealed an increased number of ANG II-positive tubular cells in G2 and G3, and positive immunostaining for NF-kappaB only in G3 (P < 0.01). Increased staining of alpha-SMA in the interstitium (P < 0.01), TGF-beta1 in tubular cells (P < 0.01), and a significant percentage (P < 0.01) of positive immunostaining for RANTES in tubular epithelium and in glomerular and peritubular endothelium were detected in G3 > G2 > C group. These results suggest that an acute sodium overload is able 'per se' to initiate TI endothelial inflammatory reaction (glomerular and peritubular) and incipient fibrosis in normal rats, independently of hemodynamic modifications. Furthermore, these findings are consistent with the possibility that activation of NF-kappaB and local ANG II may be involved in the pathway of this inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Rosón
- Cátedras de Fisiopatología Farmacologia Bioquímica Clínica y Anatomía Macro y Microscópica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Piso, Buenos Aires.
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Horobin AJ, Shakesheff KM, Pritchard DI. Promotion of Human Dermal Fibroblast Migration, Matrix Remodelling and Modification of Fibroblast Morphology within a Novel 3D Model by Lucilia sericata Larval Secretions. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 126:1410-8. [PMID: 16675968 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lucilia sericata larvae, or green bottle fly maggots are applied to chronic wounds to aid healing. Previously, our laboratory has characterized the enzymatic activities present within maggot excretions/secretions (ES). Since then, we have related these to the degradation of extracellular matrix components, alteration of human, dermal fibroblast adhesion to surfaces and the stimulation of fibroblast migration within a two-dimensional in vitro assay. In this study, we developed a novel three-dimensional in vitro assay in which to observe fibroblast migration and morphology in response to maggot ES. Here, primary human foreskin fibroblasts were embedded within collagen gels containing fibronectin. Phase contrast and confocal microscopy were used in conjunction with image analysis software to examine and quantify aspects of fibroblast behavior. Our results showed that maggot ES stimulated fibroblast migration through the matrix and induced altered cell morphologies. Remodelling of the extracellular matrix located between individual fibroblasts was also induced, providing a mechanism by which cells may detect each other's presence over considerable distances. Thus, mechanisms by which maggots enhance tissue formation within wounds may be via the promotion of fibroblast motility, acceleration of extracellular matrix remodelling and coordination of cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele J Horobin
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
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Kondo S, Shimizu M, Urushihara M, Tsuchiya K, Yoshizumi M, Tamaki T, Nishiyama A, Kawachi H, Shimizu F, Quinn MT, Lambeth DJ, Kagami S. Addition of the antioxidant probucol to angiotensin II type I receptor antagonist arrests progressive mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis in the rat. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 17:783-94. [PMID: 16467449 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2005050519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) and reactive oxidative species (ROS) that are produced by NADPH oxidase have been implicated in the progression of glomerulonephritis (GN). This study examined the effect of simultaneously interrupting Ang II and ROS with an Ang II receptor blocker (ARB), candesartan, and a free radical scavenger, probucol, in a model of progressive mesangioproliferative GN induced by the injection of anti-Thy-1 antibody into uninephrectomized rats. Nephritic rats were divided into four groups and given daily oral doses of the following: Vehicle, 1% probucol diet, 70 mg/L candesartan in drinking water, and probucol plus candesartan. These treatments lasted until day 56. Vehicle-treated nephritic rats developed progressively elevated proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis. Candesartan kept proteinuria significantly lower than vehicle or probucol. The addition of probucol to candesartan normalized urinary protein excretion. Increases in BP in nephritic rats were lowered by these treatments, except with probucol. It is interesting that both glomerular cell number and glomerulosclerosis were significantly decreased by candesartan and normalized by the addition of probucol. Immunohistochemical studies for TGF-beta1, collagen type I, and fibronectin revealed that the combined treatment abolished glomerular fibrotic findings compared with candesartan. In addition, glomerular expression of NADPH oxidase components and superoxide production suggested that the combined treatment completely eliminated NADPH oxidase-associated ROS production. In conclusion, our study provides the first evidence that the antioxidant probucol, when added to an Ang II receptor blockade, fully arrests proteinuria and disease progression in GN. Furthermore, the data suggest that NADPH oxidase-associated ROS production may play a pivotal role in the progression of GN. The combination of probucol and candesartan may represent a novel route of therapy for patients with progressive GN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Kondo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Institute of Health Bioscience, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho-3-chome, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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Docherty NG, O'Sullivan OE, Healy DA, Fitzpatrick JM, Watson RWG. Evidence that inhibition of tubular cell apoptosis protects against renal damage and development of fibrosis following ureteric obstruction. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2006; 290:F4-13. [PMID: 16339963 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00045.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ureteric obstruction is frequently encountered in primary care urology and can lead to damage to the ipsilateral kidney. Relief of all types of obstruction generally leads to the normalization of any deterioration in renal function noted at diagnosis. However, some evidence from animal models suggests that obstruction can cause progressive deleterious effects on renal function and blood pressure control, especially in the presence of preexisting pathologies such as essential hypertension. The last 10 years have seen a proliferation of studies in rodents wherein complete unilateral ureteric obstruction has been used as a model of renal fibrosis. However, the relevance of the findings to human obstructive uropathy has, in many cases, not been the primary aim. In this review, we outline the major events linking damage to the renal parenchyma and cell death to the evolution of fibrosis following obstruction. Special focus is given to the role of apoptosis as a major cause of cell death during and post-complete ureteric obstruction. Several interventions that reduce tubular apoptosis are discussed in terms of their ability to prevent subsequent progression to end-organ damage and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil G Docherty
- Department of Surgery, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, Univ. College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
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Cushing MC, Liao JT, Anseth KS. Activation of valvular interstitial cells is mediated by transforming growth factor-beta1 interactions with matrix molecules. Matrix Biol 2005; 24:428-37. [PMID: 16055320 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2005.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2005] [Revised: 06/22/2005] [Accepted: 06/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Strategies for the tissue-engineering of living cardiac valve replacements are limited by a lack of appropriate scaffold materials that both permit cell viability and actively contribute to the growth of functional tissues. Components of the extracellular matrix can localize and modify growth factor signals, and by doing so impart instructional stimuli for direction of cell phenotype. Fibronectin, collagen I, and heparin were explored as affinity matrices for sequestering and presenting soluble signaling molecules to control differentiation of valvular interstitial cells (VICs) to myofibroblasts. VIC differentiation is commonly characterized by expression of stress fibers containing alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) is a central mediator of this transition. Both fibronectin and heparin, which are known to possess TGF-beta1 binding interactions, were found to increase VIC alpha-SMA expression (120% and 258% of expression in controls), while VICs cultured on collagen I-modified substrates had diminished alpha-SMA expression (66% of control). Heparin treatment significantly stimulated VIC production of TGF-beta1 at all concentrations tested (50 to 400 mug/ml). Heparin-modified substrates were found to alter cell morphology through increased adsorption of serum proteins, specifically TGF-beta1. In sum, heparin produced alpha-SMA-positive myofibroblasts through both the de novo production of TGF-beta1, and its localization in the pericellular environment. The addition of heparin to fibronectin-modified substrates led to a synergistic increase in VIC alpha-SMA expression, produced by the reciprocal binding of fibronectin, heparin, cell-produced TGF-beta1. The characterization of molecules, both soluble and insoluble, that control VIC activation will be important for the development of tailored 3D culture environments for tissue-engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda C Cushing
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, ECCH 111, UCB 424, Boulder, CO 80309-0424, United States
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Minuth WW, Denk L, Heber S. Growth of embryonic renal parenchyme at the interphase of a polyester artificial interstitium. Biomaterials 2005; 26:6588-98. [PMID: 15967496 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2004] [Accepted: 04/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The construction of an artificial kidney module by tissue engineering or the application of cell-based therapies for the treatment of renal failure requires exact information regarding the cellbiological mechanisms of parenchyme development in combination with different kinds of biomaterials. To learn more about these processes tissue cultures are frequently used experimental tools. However, apart from experiments with early kidney anlagen there is a lack of suitable in-vitro models regarding the generation and long-term maintenance of renal tubules. In the present paper we like to demonstrate an advanced culture technique, which allows to generate tubular elements derived from renal stem cells. For the growth of tubules it is essential to fine-tune the interface between the embryonic tissue and the dead fluid space within a perfusion culture container by offering a polyester artificial interstitium. Culture was performed in IMDM supplemented with hormones and growth factors but using serum-free conditions over 14 days. Formation of tissue was then analysed by immunohistochemistry and two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis. Culture in pure IMDM leads to a complete loss of tissue formation. In contrast, application of aldosterone (A) induces the development of numerous polarised tubules. Surprisingly, addition of epidermal growth factor (EGF), a cocktail of insulin, transferrin and selenium (ITS), retinoic acid (RA), cholecalciferol (VitD3) or bovine pituitary extract (BPT) does not further improve development of tubules, but leads to intensive cell clustering and a decrease of tubule formation. 2D Western blots of developing tissue probed with soybean agglutinin (SBA) reveal a unique pattern of newly detected proteins. It is found that growth factors do not support but abolish protein spots upregulated by aldosterone. It remains to be investigated, which cellbiological effect stimulates the embryonic cells to develop tubules in competition to cell clusters at the interphase of an artificial interstitium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will W Minuth
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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