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Lu KP, Zhou XZ. Pin1-catalyzed conformational regulation after phosphorylation: A distinct checkpoint in cell signaling and drug discovery. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadi8743. [PMID: 38889227 PMCID: PMC11409840 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adi8743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is one of the most common mechanisms regulating cellular signaling pathways, and many kinases and phosphatases are proven drug targets. Upon phosphorylation, protein functions can be further regulated by the distinct isomerase Pin1 through cis-trans isomerization. Numerous protein targets and many important roles have now been elucidated for Pin1. However, no tools are available to detect or target cis and trans conformation events in cells. The development of Pin1 inhibitors and stereo- and phospho-specific antibodies has revealed that cis and trans conformations have distinct and often opposing cellular functions. Aberrant conformational changes due to the dysregulation of Pin1 can drive pathogenesis but can be effectively targeted in age-related diseases, including cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we review advances in understanding the roles of Pin1 signaling in health and disease and highlight conformational regulation as a distinct signal transduction checkpoint in disease development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ping Lu
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
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2
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Guillen-Quispe YN, Kim SJ, Saeidi S, Zhou T, Zheng J, Kim SH, Fang X, Chelakkot C, Rios-Castillo ME, Shin YK, Surh YJ. Oxygen-independent stabilization of HIF-2α in breast cancer through direct interaction with peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 207:296-307. [PMID: 37473874 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (Pin1) isomerizes the nearby proline (Pro) residue when it detects phosphorylated serine (Ser) or threonine (Thr) of target proteins, altering their structure, stability, function, and interaction with other proteins. Hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α), a transcription factor that transactivates many oncogenic genes under hypoxic conditions, harbours the pSer/Thr-Pro motif. We found for the first time that Pin1 binds to HIF-2α physically in normoxic as well as hypoxic conditions in human breast cancer cells. The level of ubiquitinated HIF-2α was significantly raised by Pin1 knockdown, while expression of its mRNA transcript was unaffected. In agreement with this observation, the cycloheximide chase assay demonstrated that Pin1 prolonged the stability of HIF-2α. Serine 672, 696, and 790 of HIF-2α were found to undergo phosphorylation. Of these, the main amino acid involved in the Pin1 binding and HIF-2α stabilization was identified as serine 790, located in the nuclear export signal region of HIF-2α. The tissue array with human breast cancer specimens showed elevated expression of HIF-2α as well as Pin1 compared to adjacent normal tissues. Knockdown of Pin1 or HIF-2α diminished breast cancer cell migration and colony formation. In conclusion, Pin1 stabilizes HIF-2α through direct interaction, which contributes to the growth of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanymee N Guillen-Quispe
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Su-Jung Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Soma Saeidi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Tianchi Zhou
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom; MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Zheng
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Seong Hoon Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Xizhu Fang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Chaithanya Chelakkot
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Milton E Rios-Castillo
- School of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Young Kee Shin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 41566, South Korea.
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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Biyanee A, Yusenko MV, Klempnauer KH. Src-Family Protein Kinase Inhibitors Suppress MYB Activity in a p300-Dependent Manner. Cells 2022; 11:1162. [PMID: 35406726 PMCID: PMC8997952 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have disclosed transcription factor MYB as a potential drug target for malignancies that are dependent on deregulated MYB function, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). Although transcription factors are often regarded as undruggable, successful targeting of MYB by low-molecular-weight compounds has recently been demonstrated. In an attempt to repurpose known drugs as novel MYB-inhibitory agents, we have screened libraries of approved drugs and drug-like compounds for molecules with MYB-inhibitory potential. Here, we present initial evidence for the MYB-inhibitory activity of the protein kinase inhibitors bosutinib, PD180970 and PD161570, that we identified in a recent screen. We show that these compounds interfere with the activity of the MYB transactivation domain, apparently by disturbing the ability of MYB to cooperate with the coactivator p300. We show that treatment of the AML cell line HL60 with these compounds triggers the up-regulation of the myeloid differentiation marker CD11b and induces cell death. Importantly, we show that these effects are significantly dampened by forced expression of an activated version of MYB, confirming that the ability to suppress MYB function is a relevant activity of these compounds. Overall, our work identifies several protein kinase inhibitors as novel MYB-inhibitory agents and suggests that the inhibition of MYB function may play a role in their pharmacological impact on leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karl-Heinz Klempnauer
- Institute for Biochemistry, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität, D-48149 Münster, Germany; (A.B.); (M.V.Y.)
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Yusenko MV, Klempnauer KH. Characterization of the MYB-inhibitory potential of the Pan-HDAC inhibitor LAQ824. BBA ADVANCES 2022; 2:100034. [PMID: 37082582 PMCID: PMC10074929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2021.100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of work has shown that MYB acts as a master transcription regulator in hematopoietic cells and has pinpointed MYB as a potential drug target for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we have examined the MYB-inhibitory potential of the HDAC inhibitor LAQ824, which was identified in a screen for novel MYB inhibitors. We show that nanomolar concentrations of LAQ824 and the related HDAC inhibitors vorinostat and panobinostat interfere with MYB function in two ways, by inducing its degradation and inhibiting its activity. Reporter assays show that the inhibition of MYB activity by LAQ824 involves the MYB transactivation domain and the cooperation of MYB with co-activator p300, a key MYB interaction partner and driver of MYB activity. In AML cells, LAQ824-induced degradation of MYB is accompanied by expression of myeloid differentiation markers and apoptotic and necrotic cell death. The ability of LAQ824 to inhibit MYB activity is supported by the observation that down-regulation of direct MYB target genes MYC and GFI1 occurs without apparent decrease of MYB expression already after 2 h of treatment with LAQ824. Furthermore, ectopic expression of an activated version of MYB In HL60 cells counteracts the induction of myeloid differentiation by LAQ824. Overall, our data identify LAQ824 and related HDAC inhibitors as potent MYB-inhibitory agents that exert dual effects on MYB expression and activity in AML cells.
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Saeidi S, Kim SJ, Guillen-Quispe YN, Jagadeesh ASV, Han HJ, Kim SH, Zhong X, Piao JY, Kim SJ, Jeong J, Shin YJ, Cha YJ, Lee HB, Han W, Min SH, Tian W, Kitamura H, Surh YJ. Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 directly binds and stabilizes Nrf2 in breast cancer. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22068. [PMID: 34918396 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100776rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (Pin1) has been frequently overexpressed in many types of malignancy, suggesting its oncogenic function. It recognizes phosphorylated serine or threonine (pSer/Thr) of a target protein and isomerizes the adjacent proline (Pro) residue, thereby altering folding, subcellular localization, stability, and function of target proteins. The oncogenic transcription factor, Nrf2 harbors the pSer/Thr-Pro motif. This prompted us to investigate whether Pin1 could bind to Nrf2 and influence its stability and function in the context of implications for breast cancer development and progression. The correlation between Pin1 and Nrf2 in the triple-negative breast cancer cells was validated by RNASeq analysis as well as immunofluorescence staining. Interaction between Pin1 and Nrf2 was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation and an in situ proximity ligation assay. We found that mRNA and protein levels of Pin1 were highly increased in the tumor tissues of triple-negative breast cancer patients and the human breast cancer cell line. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of Pin1 enhanced the ubiquitination and degradation of Nrf2. In contrast, the overexpression of Pin1 resulted in the accumulation of Nrf2 in the nucleus, without affecting its transcription. Notably, the phosphorylation of Nrf2 at serine 215, 408, and 577 is essential for its interaction with Pin1. We also identified phosphorylated Ser104 and Thr277 residues in Keap1, a negative regulator of Nrf2, for Pin1 binding. Pin1 plays a role in breast cancer progression through stabilization and constitutive activation of Nrf2 by competing with Keap1 for Nrf2 binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Saeidi
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Jung Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yanymee N Guillen-Quispe
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Hyeong-Jun Han
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyeon Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Xiancai Zhong
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Juan-Yu Piao
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Joon Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Jin Shin
- Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Jin Cha
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han-Byoel Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wonshik Han
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Min
- New Drug Development Center DGMIF, Daegu, South Korea
- School of Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Wang Tian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Hiroshi Kitamura
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Division of Aging Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Yusenko MV, Biyanee A, Frank D, Köhler LHF, Andersson MK, Khandanpour C, Schobert R, Stenman G, Biersack B, Klempnauer KH. Bcr-TMP, a Novel Nanomolar-Active Compound That Exhibits Both MYB- and Microtubule-Inhibitory Activity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010043. [PMID: 35008207 PMCID: PMC8750090 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recent work has identified the transcription regulator MYB as an interesting therapeutic target for the treatment of certain leukemias and other cancers that are dependent on deregulated MYB activity, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). Here we report the identification and characterization of 2-amino-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran-3-carbonitrile (Bcr-TMP), a novel highly active MYB inhibitory compound. We show that nanomolar concentrations of Bcr-TMP are sufficient to down-regulate the expression of MYB target genes and induce both cell-death and differentiation in AML cell lines. Importantly, Bcr-TMP also and exerts stronger anti-proliferative effects on MYB-addicted primary AML cells and patient-derived ACC cells than on their non-oncogenic counterparts. Preliminary work shows that Bcr-TMP acts through p300, a protein interacting with MYB and stimulating its activity. Interestingly, Bcr-TMP has an additional activity as an anti-microtubule agent. Overall, Bcr-TMP is an interesting compound that warrants further research to understand its mechanism of action and its therapeutic potential for MYB-dependent malignancies. Abstract Studies of the role of MYB in human malignancies have highlighted MYB as a potential drug target for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). Here, we present the initial characterization of 2-amino-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran-3-carbonitrile (Bcr-TMP), a nanomolar-active MYB-inhibitory compound identified in a screen for novel MYB inhibitors. Bcr-TMP affects MYB function in a dual manner by inducing its degradation and suppressing its transactivation potential by disrupting its cooperation with co-activator p300. Bcr-TMP also interferes with the p300-dependent stimulation of C/EBPβ, a transcription factor co-operating with MYB in myeloid cells, indicating that Bcr-TMP is a p300-inhibitor. Bcr-TMP reduces the viability of AML cell lines at nanomolar concentrations and induces cell-death and expression of myeloid differentiation markers. It also down-regulates the expression of MYB target genes and exerts stronger anti-proliferative effects on MYB-addicted primary murine AML cells and patient-derived ACC cells than on their non-oncogenic counterparts. Surprisingly, we observed that Bcr-TMP also has microtubule-disrupting activity, pointing to a possible link between MYB-activity and microtubule stability. Overall, Bcr-TMP is a highly potent multifunctional MYB-inhibitory agent that warrants further investigation of its therapeutic potential and mechanism(s) of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. Yusenko
- Institute for Biochemistry, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Munster, Germany; (M.V.Y.); (A.B.)
| | - Abhiruchi Biyanee
- Institute for Biochemistry, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Munster, Germany; (M.V.Y.); (A.B.)
| | - Daria Frank
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Munster, Germany; (D.F.); (C.K.)
| | - Leonhard H. F. Köhler
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (L.H.F.K.); (R.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Mattias K. Andersson
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (M.K.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Cyrus Khandanpour
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Munster, Germany; (D.F.); (C.K.)
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (L.H.F.K.); (R.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Göran Stenman
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (M.K.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Bernhard Biersack
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (L.H.F.K.); (R.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Karl-Heinz Klempnauer
- Institute for Biochemistry, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Munster, Germany; (M.V.Y.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-251-8333203; Fax: +49-251-8333206
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Li J, Mo C, Guo Y, Zhang B, Feng X, Si Q, Wu X, Zhao Z, Gong L, He D, Shao J. Roles of peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 in disease pathogenesis. Theranostics 2021; 11:3348-3358. [PMID: 33537091 PMCID: PMC7847688 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pin1 belongs to the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases (PPIases) superfamily and catalyzes the cis-trans conversion of proline in target substrates to modulate diverse cellular functions including cell cycle progression, cell motility, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of Pin1 has wide-ranging influences on the fate of cells; therefore, it is closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge of Pin1 in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunfen Mo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifan Guo
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao Feng
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuyue Si
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Lixin Gong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jichun Shao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Werwein E, Biyanee A, Klempnauer KH. Intramolecular interaction of B-MYB is regulated through Ser-577 phosphorylation. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:4266-4279. [PMID: 32979888 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor B-MYB is an important regulator of cell cycle-related processes that is activated by step-wise phosphorylation of multiple sites by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and conformational changes induced by the peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1. Here, we show that a conserved amino acid sequence around Ser-577 in the C-terminal part of B-MYB is able to interact with the B-MYB DNA-binding domain. Phosphorylation of Ser-577 disrupts this interaction and is regulated by the interplay of CDKs and the phosphatase CDC14B. Deletion of sequences surrounding Ser-577 hyperactivates the transactivation potential of B-MYB, decreases its proteolytic stability, and causes cell cycle defects. Overall, we show for the first time that B-MYB can undergo an intramolecular interaction that is controlled by the phosphorylation state of Ser-577.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Werwein
- Institute for Biochemistry, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Abhiruchi Biyanee
- Institute for Biochemistry, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
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9
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Werwein E, Cibis H, Hess D, Klempnauer KH. Activation of the oncogenic transcription factor B-Myb via multisite phosphorylation and prolyl cis/trans isomerization. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:103-121. [PMID: 30321399 PMCID: PMC6326806 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic transcription factor B-Myb is an essential regulator of late cell cycle genes whose activation by phosphorylation is still poorly understood. We describe a stepwise phosphorylation mechanism of B-Myb, which involves sequential phosphorylations mediated by cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) and Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) and Pin1-facilitated peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerization. Our data suggest a model in which initial Cdk-dependent phosphorylation of B-Myb enables subsequent Pin1 binding and Pin1-induced conformational changes of B-Myb. This, in turn, initiates further phosphorylation of Cdk-phosphosites, enabling Plk1 docking and subsequent Plk1-mediated phosphorylation of B-Myb to finally allow B-Myb to stimulate transcription of late cell cycle genes. Our observations reveal novel mechanistic hierarchies of B-Myb phosphorylation and activation and uncover regulatory principles that might also apply to other Myb family members. Strikingly, overexpression of B-Myb and of factors mediating its activation strongly correlates with adverse prognoses for tumor patients, emphasizing B-Myb's role in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Werwein
- Institute for Biochemistry Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hannah Cibis
- Institute for Biochemistry Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Daniel Hess
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstr. 66, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Klempnauer
- Institute for Biochemistry Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Liu X, Xu Y, Han L, Yi Y. Reassessing the Potential of Myb-targeted Anti-cancer Therapy. J Cancer 2018; 9:1259-1266. [PMID: 29675107 PMCID: PMC5907674 DOI: 10.7150/jca.23992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor MYB is essential for the tumorigenesis of multiple cancers, especially leukemia, breast cancer, colon cancer, adenoid cystic carcinoma and brain cancer. Thus, MYB has been regarded as an attractive target for tumor therapy. However, pioneer studies of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides against MYB, which were launched three decades ago in leukemia therapy, were discontinued because of their unsatisfactory clinical outcomes. In recent years, the roles of MYB in tumor transformation have become increasingly clear. Moreover, the regulatory mechanisms of MYB, such as the vital effects of MYB co-regulators on MYB activity and of transcriptional elongation on MYB expression, have been unveiled. These observations have underpinned novel approaches in inhibiting MYB. This review discusses the structure, function and regulation of MYB, focusing on recent insights into MYB-associated oncogenesis and how MYB-targeted therapeutics can be explored. Additionally, the main MYB-targeted therapies, including novel genetic therapy, RNA interference, microRNAs and low-molecular-weight compounds, which are especially promising inhibitors that target MYB co-regulators and transcriptional elongation, are described, and their prospects are assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Yunxiao Xu
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Liping Han
- School of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yi
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
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11
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The role of Pin1 in the development and treatment of cancer. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:1609-1620. [PMID: 27572155 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0821-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation and post-phosphorylation events regulate many cellular signaling pathways. Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (Pin1) is the only peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase that interacts with numerous oncogenic or tumor suppressive phosphorylated proteins, causes conformational changes in target proteins, and eventually regulates the activities of such proteins. These alterations in activity play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis. Since Pin1 is overexpressed and/or activated in various types of cancers, and the dysregulation of proline-directed phosphorylation contributes to tumorigenesis, Pin1 represents an attractive target for cancer therapy. This review will describe the role of Pin1 in cancer and the current status of Pin1 inhibitor development.
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PIAS1 binds p300 and behaves as a coactivator or corepressor of the transcription factor c-Myb dependent on SUMO-status. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1859:705-18. [PMID: 27032383 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The PIAS proteins (Protein Inhibitor of Activated STATs) constitute a family of multifunctional nuclear proteins operating as SUMO E3 ligases and being involved in a multitude of interactions. They participate in a range of biological processes, also beyond their well-established role in the immune system and cytokine signalling. They act both as transcriptional corepressors and coactivators depending on the context. In the present work, we investigated mechanisms by which PIAS1 causes activation or repression of c-Myb dependent target genes. Analysis of global expression data shows that c-Myb and PIAS1 knockdowns affect a subset of common targets, but with a dual outcome consistent with a role of PIAS1 as either a corepressor or coactivator. Our mechanistic studies show that PIAS1 engages in a novel interaction with the acetyltransferase and coactivator p300. Interaction and ChIP analysis suggest a bridging function where PIAS1 enhances p300 recruitment to c-Myb-bound sites through interaction with both proteins. In addition, the E3 activity of PIAS1 enhances further its coactivation. Remarkably, the SUMO status of c-Myb had a decisive role, indicating a SUMO-dependent switch in the way PIAS1 affects c-Myb, either as a coactivator or corepressor. Removal of the two major SUMO-conjugation sites in c-Myb (2KR mutant), which enhances its activity significantly, turned PIAS1 into a corepressor. Also, p300 was less efficiently recruited to chromatin by c-Myb-2KR. We propose that PIAS1 acts as a "protein inhibitor of activated c-Myb" in the absence of SUMOylation while, in its presence, PIAS behaves as a "protein activator of repressed c-Myb".
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Situational awareness: regulation of the myb transcription factor in differentiation, the cell cycle and oncogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:2049-71. [PMID: 25279451 PMCID: PMC4276956 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6042049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the mechanisms that control the activity of the c-Myb transcription factor in normal cells and tumors, and discusses how c-Myb plays a role in the regulation of the cell cycle. Oncogenic versions of c-Myb contribute to the development of leukemias and solid tumors such as adenoid cystic carcinoma, breast cancer and colon cancer. The activity and specificity of the c-Myb protein seems to be controlled through changes in protein-protein interactions, so understanding how it is regulated could lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Abstract
Proline-directed phosphorylation is a posttranslational modification that is instrumental in regulating signaling from the plasma membrane to the nucleus, and its dysregulation contributes to cancer development. Protein interacting with never in mitosis A1 (Pin1), which is overexpressed in many types of cancer, isomerizes specific phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro bonds in many substrate proteins, including glycolytic enzyme, protein kinases, protein phosphatases, methyltransferase, lipid kinase, ubiquitin E3 ligase, DNA endonuclease, RNA polymerase, and transcription activators and regulators. This Pin1-mediated isomerization alters the structures and activities of these proteins, thereby regulating cell metabolism, cell mobility, cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, cell survival, apoptosis and tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Lu
- 1] Brain Tumor Center and Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA [2] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA [3] Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tony Hunter
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Guo C, Hou X, Dong L, Marakovits J, Greasley S, Dagostino E, Ferre R, Johnson MC, Humphries PS, Li H, Paderes GD, Piraino J, Kraynov E, Murray BW. Structure-based design of novel human Pin1 inhibitors (III): optimizing affinity beyond the phosphate recognition pocket. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:4187-91. [PMID: 25091930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The design of potent Pin1 inhibitors has been challenging because its active site specifically recognizes a phospho-protein epitope. The de novo design of phosphate-based Pin1 inhibitors focusing on the phosphate recognition pocket and the successful replacement of the phosphate group with a carboxylate have been previously reported. The potency of the carboxylate series is now further improved through structure-based optimization of ligand-protein interactions in the proline binding site which exploits the H-bond interactions necessary for Pin1 catalytic function. Further optimization using a focused library approach led to the discovery of low nanomolar non-phosphate small molecular Pin1 inhibitors. Structural modifications designed to improve cell permeability resulted in Pin1 inhibitors with low micromolar anti-proliferative activities against cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangxing Guo
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Xinjun Hou
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Liming Dong
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Joseph Marakovits
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Samantha Greasley
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Eleanor Dagostino
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - RoseAnn Ferre
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - M Catherine Johnson
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Paul S Humphries
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Haitao Li
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Genevieve D Paderes
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Joseph Piraino
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Eugenia Kraynov
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Brion W Murray
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Tammsalu T, Matic I, Jaffray EG, Ibrahim AFM, Tatham MH, Hay RT. Proteome-wide identification of SUMO2 modification sites. Sci Signal 2014; 7:rs2. [PMID: 24782567 PMCID: PMC4051997 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modification with small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) alters the function of proteins involved in diverse cellular processes. SUMO-specific enzymes conjugate SUMOs to lysine residues in target proteins. Although proteomic studies have identified hundreds of sumoylated substrates, methods to identify the modified lysines on a proteomic scale are lacking. We developed a method that enabled proteome-wide identification of sumoylated lysines that involves the expression of polyhistidine (6His)-tagged SUMO2 with Thr(90) mutated to Lys. Endoproteinase cleavage with Lys-C of 6His-SUMO2(T90K)-modified proteins from human cell lysates produced a diGly remnant on SUMO2(T90K)-conjugated lysines, enabling immunoprecipitation of SUMO2(T90K)-modified peptides and producing a unique mass-to-charge signature. Mass spectrometry analysis of SUMO-enriched peptides revealed more than 1000 sumoylated lysines in 539 proteins, including many functionally related proteins involved in cell cycle, transcription, and DNA repair. Not only can this strategy be used to study the dynamics of sumoylation and other potentially similar posttranslational modifications, but also, these data provide an unprecedented resource for future research on the role of sumoylation in cellular physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triin Tammsalu
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH. UK
| | - Ivan Matic
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH. UK
| | - Ellis G. Jaffray
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH. UK
| | - Adel F. M. Ibrahim
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitination Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH. UK
| | - Michael H. Tatham
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH. UK
| | - Ronald T. Hay
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH. UK
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Kasper LH, Fukuyama T, Lerach S, Chang Y, Xu W, Wu S, Boyd KL, Brindle PK. Genetic interaction between mutations in c-Myb and the KIX domains of CBP and p300 affects multiple blood cell lineages and influences both gene activation and repression. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82684. [PMID: 24340053 PMCID: PMC3858336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult blood cell production or definitive hematopoiesis requires the transcription factor c-Myb. The closely related KAT3 histone acetyltransferases CBP (CREBBP) and p300 (EP300) bind c-Myb through their KIX domains and mice homozygous for a p300 KIX domain mutation exhibit multiple blood defects. Perplexingly, mice homozygous for the same KIX domain mutation in CBP have normal blood. Here we test the hypothesis that the CBP KIX domain contributes subordinately to hematopoiesis via a genetic interaction with c-Myb. We assessed hematopoiesis in mice bearing compound mutations of c-Myb and/or the KIX domains of CBP and p300, and measured the effect of KIX domain mutations on c-Myb-dependent gene expression. We found that in the context of a p300 KIX mutation, the CBP KIX domain mutation affects platelets, B cells, T cells, and red cells. Gene interaction (epistasis) analysis provides mechanistic evidence that blood defects in KIX mutant mice are consistent with reduced c-Myb and KIX interaction. Lastly, we demonstrated that the CBP and p300 KIX domains contribute to both c-Myb-dependent gene activation and repression. Together these results suggest that the KIX domains of CBP, and especially p300, are principal mediators of c-Myb-dependent gene activation and repression that is required for definitive hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawryn H. Kasper
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Tomofusa Fukuyama
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Lerach
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Yunchao Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Wu Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Song Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Kelli L. Boyd
- Veterinary Pathology Core, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Paul K. Brindle
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
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Khanal P, Kim G, Lim SC, Yun HJ, Lee KY, Choi HK, Choi HS. Prolyl isomerase Pin1 negatively regulates the stability of SUV39H1 to promote tumorigenesis in breast cancer. FASEB J 2013; 27:4606-18. [PMID: 23934277 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-236851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pin1, a conserved eukaryotic peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase, has profound effects on numerous key-signaling molecules, and its deregulation contributes to disease, particularly cancer. Although Pin1-mediated prolyl isomerization of protein servers as a regulatory switch in signaling pathways, the significance of proline isomerase activity in chromatin modifying complex remains unclear. Here, we identify Pin1 as a key negative regulator for suppressor of variegation 3-9 homologue 1 (SUV39H1) stability, a major methyltransferase responsible for histone H3 trimethylation on Lys9 (H3K9me3). Pin1 interacts with SUV39H1 in a phosphorylation-dependent manner and promotes ubiquitination-mediated degradation of SUV39H1. Consequently, Pin1 reduces SUV39H1 abundance and suppresses SUV39H1 ability to induce H3K9me3. In contrast, depletion of Pin1 in cancer cells leads to elevated SUV39H1 expression, which subsequently increases H3K9me3, inhibiting tumorigenecity of cancer cells. In a xenograft model with 4T1 metastatic mouse breast carcinoma cells, Pin1 overexpression increases tumor growth, whereas SUV39H1 overexpression abrogates it. In human breast cancer patients, immunohistochemical staining shows that Pin1 levels are negatively correlated with SUV39H1 as well as H3K9me3 levels. Thus, Pin1-mediated reduction of SUV39H1 stability contributes to convey oncogenic signals for aggressiveness of human breast cancer, suggesting that Pin1 may be a promising drug target for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Khanal
- 2College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, South Korea.
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Min SH, Lau AW, Lee TH, Inuzuka H, Wei S, Huang P, Shaik S, Lee DY, Finn G, Balastik M, Chen CH, Luo M, Tron AE, Decaprio JA, Zhou XZ, Wei W, Lu KP. Negative regulation of the stability and tumor suppressor function of Fbw7 by the Pin1 prolyl isomerase. Mol Cell 2012; 46:771-83. [PMID: 22608923 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2012.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Fbw7 is the substrate recognition component of the Skp1-Cullin-F-box (SCF)-type E3 ligase complex and a well-characterized tumor suppressor that targets numerous oncoproteins for destruction. Genomic deletion or mutation of FBW7 has been frequently found in various types of human cancers; however, little is known about the upstream signaling pathway(s) governing Fbw7 stability and cellular functions. Here we report that Fbw7 protein destruction and tumor suppressor function are negatively regulated by the prolyl isomerase Pin1. Pin1 interacts with Fbw7 in a phoshorylation-dependent manner and promotes Fbw7 self-ubiquitination and protein degradation by disrupting Fbw7 dimerization. Consequently, overexpressing Pin1 reduces Fbw7 abundance and suppresses Fbw7's ability to inhibit proliferation and transformation. By contrast, depletion of Pin1 in cancer cells leads to elevated Fbw7 expression, which subsequently reduces Mcl-1 abundance, sensitizing cancer cells to Taxol. Thus, Pin1-mediated inhibition of Fbw7 contributes to oncogenesis, and Pin1 may be a promising drug target for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyun Min
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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20
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Dilworth D, Gudavicius G, Leung A, Nelson CJ. The roles of peptidyl-proline isomerases in gene regulation. Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 90:55-69. [PMID: 21999350 DOI: 10.1139/o11-045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The post-translational modification of proteins and enzymes provides a dynamic and reversible means to control protein function and transmit biological signals. While covalent modifications such as phosphorylation and acetylation have drawn much attention, in the past decade the involvement of peptidyl-proline isomerases (PPIs) in signaling and post-translational modification of protein function has become increasingly apparent. Three distinct families of PPI enzymes (parvulins, cyclophilins, and FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs)) each have the capacity to catalyze cis-trans proline isomerization in substrate proteins, and this modification can regulate both structure and function. In eukaryotic cells, a subset of these enzymes is localized to the nucleus, where they regulate gene expression at multiple control points. Here we summarize this body of work that together establishes a clear role of these enzymes as evolutionarily conserved players in the control of both transcription of mRNAs and the assembly of chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dilworth
- The Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada
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21
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Abstract
Phosphorylation of proteins on serine or threonine residues preceding proline is a key signalling mechanism in diverse physiological and pathological processes. Pin1 (peptidyl-prolyl cis–trans isomerase) is the only enzyme known that can isomerise specific Ser/Thr-Pro peptide bonds after phosphorylation and regulate their conformational changes with high efficiency. These Pin1-catalysed conformational changes can have profound effects on phosphorylation signalling by regulating a spectrum of target activities. Interestingly, Pin1 deregulation is implicated in a number of diseases, notably ageing and age-related diseases, including cancer and Alzheimer disease. Pin1 is overexpressed in most human cancers; it activates numerous oncogenes or growth enhancers and also inactivates a large number of tumour suppressors or growth inhibitors. By contrast, ablation of Pin1 prevents cancer, but eventually leads to premature ageing and neurodegeneration. Consistent with its neuroprotective role, Pin1 has been shown to be inactivated in neurons of patients with Alzheimer disease. Therefore, Pin1-mediated phosphorylation-dependent prolyl isomerisation represents a unique signalling mechanism that has a pivotal role in the development of human diseases, and might offer an attractive new diagnostic and therapeutic target.
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Zhou Y, Ness SA. Myb proteins: angels and demons in normal and transformed cells. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2011; 16:1109-31. [PMID: 21196221 DOI: 10.2741/3738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A key regulator of proliferation, differentiation and cell fate, the c-Myb transcription factor regulates the expression of hundreds of genes and is in turn regulated by numerous pathways and protein interactions. However, the most unique feature of c-Myb is that it can be converted into an oncogenic transforming protein through a few mutations that completely change its activity and specificity. The c-Myb protein is a myriad of interactions and activities rolled up in a protein that controls proliferation and differentiation in many different cell types. Here we discuss the background and recent progress that have led to a better understanding of this complex protein, and outline the questions that have yet to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhou
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
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Dong L, Marakovits J, Hou X, Guo C, Greasley S, Dagostino E, Ferre R, Johnson MC, Kraynov E, Thomson J, Pathak V, Murray BW. Structure-based design of novel human Pin1 inhibitors (II). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:2210-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Nechama M, Uchida T, Mor Yosef-Levi I, Silver J, Naveh-Many T. The peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 determines parathyroid hormone mRNA levels and stability in rat models of secondary hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:3102-14. [PMID: 19770516 DOI: 10.1172/jci39522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a major complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In experimental models of secondary hyperparathyroidism induced by hypocalcemia or CKD, parathyroid hormone (PTH) mRNA levels increase due to increased PTH mRNA stability. K-homology splicing regulator protein (KSRP) decreases the stability of PTH mRNA upon binding a cis-acting element in the PTH mRNA 3' UTR region. As the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) Pin1 has recently been shown to regulate the turnover of multiple cytokine mRNAs, we investigated the role of Pin1 in regulating PTH mRNA stability in rat parathyroids and transfected cells. The data generated were consistent with Pin1 being a PTH mRNA destabilizing protein. Initial analysis indicated that Pin1 activity was decreased in parathyroid protein extracts from both hypocalcemic and CKD rats and that pharmacologic inhibition of Pin1 increased PTH mRNA levels posttranscriptionally in rat parathyroid and in transfected cells. Pin1 mediated its effects via interaction with KSRP, which led to KSRP dephosphorylation and activation. In the rat parathyroid, Pin1 inhibition decreased KSRP-PTH mRNA interactions, increasing PTH mRNA levels. Furthermore, Pin1-/- mice displayed increased serum PTH and PTH mRNA levels, suggesting that Pin1 determines basal PTH expression in vivo. These results demonstrate that Pin1 is a key mediator of PTH mRNA stability and indicate a role for Pin1 in the pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism in individuals with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris Nechama
- Minerva Center for Calcium and Bone Metabolism, Nephrology Services, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Pattabiraman DR, Sun J, Dowhan DH, Ishii S, Gonda TJ. Mutations in Multiple Domains of c-Myb Disrupt Interaction with CBP/p300 and Abrogate Myeloid Transforming Ability. Mol Cancer Res 2009; 7:1477-86. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-09-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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