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Pang G, Ye L, Jiang Y, Wu Y, Zhang R, Yang H, Yang Y. Unveiling the bidirectional role of MMP9: A key player in kidney injury. Cell Signal 2024; 122:111312. [PMID: 39074714 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of zinc-dependent proteolytic metalloenzymes that are involved in numerous pathological conditions, including nephropathy. MMP9, a member of the MMPs family, is categorized as a constituent of the gelatinase B subgroup, and its involvement in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and renal fibrosis highlights its importance in the development and progression of renal diseases. The exact role of MMP9 in the development of kidney diseases is still controversial. This study investigated the dual role of MMP9 in kidney injury, discussing its implications in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases and investigating the design and mechanism of MMP9 inhibitors based on previous studies. This study provides an effective basis for the development of novel and selective MMP9 inhibitors for treating renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Pang
- Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230000, People's Republic of China; Institute of Innovative Medicine, Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co, Ltd., Beijing 102609, People's Republic of China; Joint Graduate School, Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226133, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Ye
- Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230000, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmacology, Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing 102609, People's Republic of China; Joint Graduate School, Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226133, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinxiao Jiang
- Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230000, People's Republic of China; Joint Graduate School, Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226133, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Wu
- Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230000, People's Republic of China; Institute of Innovative Medicine, Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co, Ltd., Beijing 102609, People's Republic of China; Joint Graduate School, Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226133, People's Republic of China
| | - Rufeng Zhang
- Institute of Innovative Medicine, Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co, Ltd., Beijing 102609, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmacology, Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing 102609, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxu Yang
- Institute of Innovative Medicine, Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co, Ltd., Beijing 102609, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Yang
- Institute of Innovative Medicine, Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co, Ltd., Beijing 102609, People's Republic of China; Joint Graduate School, Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226133, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Agraval H, Kandhari K, Yadav UCS. MMPs as potential molecular targets in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition driven COPD progression. Life Sci 2024; 352:122874. [PMID: 38942362 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of mortality globally and the risk of developing lung cancer is six times greater in individuals with COPD who smoke compared to those who do not smoke. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of respiratory diseases by promoting inflammation and tissue degradation. Furthermore, MMPs are involved in key processes like epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis, and invasion in lung cancer. While EMT has traditionally been associated with the progression of lung cancer, recent research highlights its active involvement in individuals with COPD. Current evidence underscores its role in orchestrating airway remodeling, fostering airway fibrosis, and contributing to the potential for malignant transformation in the complex pathophysiology of COPD. The precise regulatory roles of diverse MMPs in steering EMT during COPD progression needs to be elucidated. Additionally, the less-understood aspect involves how these MMPs bi-directionally activate or regulate various EMT-associated signaling cascades during COPD progression. This review article explores recent advancements in understanding MMPs' role in EMT during COPD progression and various pharmacological approaches to target MMPs. It also delves into the limitations of current MMP inhibitors and explores novel, advanced strategies for inhibiting MMPs, potentially offering new avenues for treating respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Agraval
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Kushal Kandhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Umesh C S Yadav
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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3
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Kalantar M, Hilpert GA, Mosca ER, Raeeszadeh-Sarmazdeh M. Engineering metalloproteinase inhibitors: tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases or antibodies, that is the question. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 86:103094. [PMID: 38430575 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/04/2024]
Abstract
Targeting metalloproteinases (MPs) has been the center of attention for developing therapeutics due to their contribution to a wide range of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative disease, and preterm labor. Protein-based MP inhibitors offer higher stability and selectivity, which is critical for developing efficient therapeutics with low off-target effects. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), natural inhibitors of MPs, and antibodies provide excellent protein scaffolds for engineering selective or multispecific MP inhibitors. Advances in protein engineering and design techniques, such as rational design and directed evolution using yeast display to develop potent MP inhibitors, are discussed, including but not limited to loop grafting, swapping, and counterselective selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Kalantar
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Gregory A Hilpert
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Ethan R Mosca
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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4
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Obaha A, Novinec M. Regulation of Peptidase Activity beyond the Active Site in Human Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17120. [PMID: 38069440 PMCID: PMC10707025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review addresses the intricate and multifaceted regulation of peptidase activity in human health and disease, providing a comprehensive investigation that extends well beyond the boundaries of the active site. Our review focuses on multiple mechanisms and highlights the important role of exosites, allosteric sites, and processes involved in zymogen activation. These mechanisms play a central role in shaping the complex world of peptidase function and are promising potential targets for the development of innovative drugs and therapeutic interventions. The review also briefly discusses the influence of glycosaminoglycans and non-inhibitory binding proteins on enzyme activities. Understanding their role may be a crucial factor in the development of therapeutic strategies. By elucidating the intricate web of regulatory mechanisms that control peptidase activity, this review deepens our understanding in this field and provides a roadmap for various strategies to influence and modulate peptidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marko Novinec
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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5
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Tang W, Li Q, Sui Y, Dong X, Nie R, Meng X. The cross-linking and protective effect of artemisinin and its derivatives on collagen fibers of demineralized dentin surface. J Dent 2023; 138:104733. [PMID: 37783373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the cross-linking and protective effect of artemisinin (ART), dihydroartemisinin (DHA), and artesunate (AST) on collagen fibers of demineralized dentin surface. METHODS Molecular docking was used to predict potential interactions of ART, DHA, and AST with dentin type I collagen. Human third molars without caries were completely demineralized and treated with different solutions for 1 min. The molecular interactions and cross-linking degree of ART and its derivatives with dentin collagen were evaluated by FTIR spectroscopy, total extractable protein content, and a ninhydrin assay. Scanning electron microscopy, hydroxyproline release, and ultimate microtensile strength tests (μUTS) were employed to confirm the mechanical properties and anti-collagenase degradation properties of dentin collagen fibers. RESULTS ART, DHA, and AST combined with dentin type I collagen mainly through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, and the cross-linking reaction sites were mainly C=O and CN functional groups. Compared to the control group, ART and its derivatives significantly increased the degree of cross-linking. Additionally, significant increases were observed in resistance to enzymatic digestion and mechanical properties of the artemisinin and its derivatives group. CONCLUSION ART, DHA, and AST could cross-link with demineralized dentin collagen, through improving the mechanical properties and anti-collagenase degradation properties. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The study endorses the potential use of ART and its derivatives as a prospective collagen cross-linking agent for degradation-resistant and long-period dentin bonding in composite resin restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Tang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, #30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Qiongfang Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, #30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Yuan Sui
- Department of Prosthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, #30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Dong
- Department of Prosthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, #30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Rongrong Nie
- Department of Prosthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, #30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Xiangfeng Meng
- Department of Prosthodontic Technology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, #30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China.
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6
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Rashid ZA, Bardaweel SK. Novel Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12133. [PMID: 37569509 PMCID: PMC10418771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) belong to a family of zinc-dependent proteolytic metalloenzymes. MMP-9, a member of the gelatinase B family, is characterized as one of the most intricate MMPs. The crucial involvement of MMP-9 in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling underscores its significant correlation with each stage of cancer pathogenesis and progression. The design and synthesis of MMP-9 inhibitors is a potentially attractive research area. Unfortunately, to date, there is no effective MMP-9 inhibitor that passes the clinical trials and is approved by the FDA. This review primarily focuses on exploring the diverse strategies employed in the design and advancement of MMP-9 inhibitors, along with their anticancer effects and selectivity. To illuminate the essential structural characteristics necessary for the future design of novel MMP-9 inhibitors, the current narrative review highlights several recently discovered MMP-9 inhibitors exhibiting notable selectivity and potency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanaa K. Bardaweel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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Shoari A, Khalili S, Rasaee MJ, Löwik DWPM. A Phage Display Derived Cyclized Peptide Inhibits Fibrosarcoma Cells Invasion via Suppression of MMP-9 Activity. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10446-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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de Almeida LGN, Thode H, Eslambolchi Y, Chopra S, Young D, Gill S, Devel L, Dufour A. Matrix Metalloproteinases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:712-768. [PMID: 35738680 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The first matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) was discovered in 1962 from the tail of a tadpole by its ability to degrade collagen. As their name suggests, matrix metalloproteinases are proteases capable of remodeling the extracellular matrix. More recently, MMPs have been demonstrated to play numerous additional biologic roles in cell signaling, immune regulation, and transcriptional control, all of which are unrelated to the degradation of the extracellular matrix. In this review, we will present milestones and major discoveries of MMP research, including various clinical trials for the use of MMP inhibitors. We will discuss the reasons behind the failures of most MMP inhibitors for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases. There are still misconceptions about the pathophysiological roles of MMPs and the best strategies to inhibit their detrimental functions. This review aims to discuss MMPs in preclinical models and human pathologies. We will discuss new biochemical tools to track their proteolytic activity in vivo and ex vivo, in addition to future pharmacological alternatives to inhibit their detrimental functions in diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in most inflammatory, autoimmune, cancers, and pathogen-mediated diseases. Initially overlooked, MMP contributions can be both beneficial and detrimental in disease progression and resolution. Thousands of MMP substrates have been suggested, and a few hundred have been validated. After more than 60 years of MMP research, there remain intriguing enigmas to solve regarding their biological functions in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz G N de Almeida
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Hayley Thode
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Yekta Eslambolchi
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Sameeksha Chopra
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Daniel Young
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Sean Gill
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Laurent Devel
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
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9
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Van Doren SR. MMP-7 marks severe pancreatic cancer and alters tumor cell signaling by proteolytic release of ectodomains. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:839-851. [PMID: 35343563 PMCID: PMC10443904 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer incurs the worst survival rate of the major cancers. High levels of the protease matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) in circulation correlate with poor prognosis and limited survival of patients. MMP-7 is required for a key path of pancreatic tumorigenesis in mice and is present throughout tumor progression. Enhancements to chemotherapies are needed for increasing the number of pancreatic tumors that can be removed and for preventing relapses after surgery. With these ends in mind, selective inhibition of MMP-7 may be worth investigation. An anti-MMP-7 monoclonal antibody was recently shown to increase the susceptibility of several pancreatic cancer cell lines to chemotherapeutics, increase their apoptosis, and decrease their migration. MMP-7 activities are most apparent at the surfaces of innate immune, epithelial, and tumor cells. Proteolytic shedding of multiple protein ectodomains by MMP-7 from such cell surfaces influence apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and invasion. These activities warrant targeting of MMP-7 selectively in pancreatic cancer and other tumors of mucosal epithelia. Competitive and non-competitive modes of MMP-7 inhibition are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R. Van Doren
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
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10
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Luchian I, Goriuc A, Sandu D, Covasa M. The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-13) in Periodontal and Peri-Implant Pathological Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1806. [PMID: 35163727 PMCID: PMC8837018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe periodontitis, a destructive inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth, ranks sixth in terms of global spread, affecting about 11% of the population. Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are extracellular matrix (ECM) macromolecules that are important in cellular development and morphogenesis, and they are capable of activating growth factors in their proximity, cell surface receptors, and adhesion molecules. MMPs are part of a major family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases, and their activity is modulated and regulated by certain inhibitors known as tissue metalloproteinase inhibitors (TIMPs). Because type I collagen is the major component of the periodontal extracellular matrix, special attention has been paid to the role of collagenases, especially MMP-8 and MMP-13 and gelatinases, MMP-2 and MMP-9, in periodontal diseases. In fact, MMP-8 (or collagenase 2) is currently one of the most promising biomarkers for periodontitis in oral fluids. Among them, salivary MMP-9 has been shown to be a more sensitive marker for periodontal inflammation during orthodontic treatment, which opens new perspectives in reducing periodontal hazards during such treatments. Both MMP-8 and MMP-9 are extremely valuable diagnostic tools in treating periodontitis, and future studies and healthcare policies should focus on implementing more accessible methods of chairside testing in order to reduce the prevalence of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionut Luchian
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.L.); (D.S.)
| | - Ancuta Goriuc
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Darius Sandu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.L.); (D.S.)
| | - Mihai Covasa
- College of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University “Stefan cel Mare” Suceava, 13 Universității Street, 720229 Suceava, Romania;
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, 309E Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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11
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Wang LL, Zhang B, Zheng MH, Xie YZ, Wang CJ, Jin JY. Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) in Targeted Drug Delivery: Synthesis of a Potent and Highly Selective Inhibitor against Matrix Metalloproteinase- 7. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:2459-2471. [PMID: 32703131 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200722104928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc endopeptidases that play a key role in both physiological and pathological tissue degradation. MMPs have reportedly shown great potentials in the degradation of the Extracellular Matrix (ECM), have shown great potentials in targeting bioactive and imaging agents in cancer treatment. MMPs could provoke Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) of cancer cells and manipulate their signaling, adhesion, migration and invasion to promote cancer cell aggressiveness. Therefore, targeting and particularly inhibiting MMPs within the tumor microenvironment is an effective strategy for cancer treatment. Based on this idea, different MMP inhibitors (MMPIs) have been developed to manipulate the tumor microenvironment towards conditions appropriate for the actions of antitumor agents. Studies are ongoing to improve the selectivity and specificity of MMPIs. Structural optimization has facilitated the discovery of selective inhibitors of the MMPs. However, so far no selective inhibitor for MMP-7 has been proposed. AIMS This study aims to comprehensively review the potentials and advances in applications of MMPs particularly MMP-7 in targeted cancer treatment approaches with the main focus on targeted drug delivery. Different targeting strategies for manipulating and inhibiting MMPs for the treatment of cancer are discussed. MMPs are upregulated at all stages of expression in cancers. Different MMP subtypes have shown significant targeting applicability at the genetic, protein, and activity levels in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions in a variety of cancers. The expression of MMPs significantly increases at advanced cancer stages, which can be used for controlled release in cancers in advance stages. METHODS Moreover, this study presents the synthesis and characteristics of a new and highly selective inhibitor against MMP-7 and discusses its applications in targeted drug delivery systems for therapeutics and diagnostics modalities. RESULTS Our findings showed that the structure of the inhibitor P3' side chains play the crucial role in developing an optimized MMP-7 inhibitor with high selectivity and significant degradation activities against ECM. CONCLUSION Optimized NDC can serve as a highly potent and selective inhibitor against MMP-7 following screening and optimization of the P3' side chains, with a Ki of 38.6 nM and an inhibitory selectivity of 575 of MMP-7 over MMP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Li Wang
- Centre of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji City, Jilin Province, 133002, China,National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University,
Yanji, Jilin Province, 130002, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Central Hospital of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province 154002, China
| | - Ming-Hua Zheng
- Centre of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji City, Jilin Province, 133002, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Xie
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University,
Yanji, Jilin Province, 130002, China,College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130024, China
| | - Chang-Jiang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Central Hospital of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province 154002, China
| | - Jing-Yi Jin
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University,
Yanji, Jilin Province, 130002, China
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D'Amico F, Candido S, Libra M. Interaction between matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL): A recent evolutionary event in primates. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 116:103933. [PMID: 33245981 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteases are known to represent an early step in the evolution of the immune system. Similarly, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is known to be a key effector in immune response. MMP-9 interacts with NGAL, but their interaction mechanisms remain unclear. Functional interaction between proteins is ensured by coevolution. Protein coevolution was inferred by calculating the linear correlation coefficients between inter-protein distance matrices using MirrorTree. Among examined mammal species, we found a robust signal of MMP-9/NGAL coevolution exclusively within Primates (R = 0.96, p < 1e-06). Owing to the high conservation of these proteins among Mammals, we chose to utilize a recent version of Blocks in Sequences (BIS2) algorithm implemented in BIS2Analyzer webserver. Coevolution clusters between the two proteins were identified in MMP-9 fibronectin and hemopexin domains. Our results suggest that MMP-9/NGAL interaction is a recent evolutionary acquisition in Primates. Furthermore, MMP-9 hemopexin domain would represent a promising target for drug design against these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio D'Amico
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy.
| | - Saverio Candido
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy; Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy; Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
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Lenci E, Angeli A, Calugi L, Innocenti R, Carta F, Supuran CT, Trabocchi A. Multitargeting application of proline-derived peptidomimetics addressing cancer-related human matrix metalloproteinase 9 and carbonic anhydrase II. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 214:113260. [PMID: 33581552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A series of d-proline peptidomimetics were evaluated as dual inhibitors of both human carbonic anhydrases (hCAs) and human gelatinases (MMP2 and MMP9), as these enzymes are both involved in the carcinogenesis and tumor invasion processes. The synthesis and enzyme inhibition kinetics of d-proline derivatives containing a biphenyl sulfonamido moiety revealed an interesting inhibition profile of compound XIV towards MMP9 and CAII. The SAR analysis and docking studies revealed a stringent requirement of a trans geometry for the two arylsulfonyl moieties, which are both necessary for inhibition of MMP9 and CAII. As MMP9 and CAII enzymes are both overexpressed in gastrointestinal stromal tumor cells, this molecule may represent an interesting chemical probe for a multitargeting approach on gastric and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lenci
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via Della Lastruccia 13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Chemistry, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Calugi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via Della Lastruccia 13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Riccardo Innocenti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via Della Lastruccia 13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Chemistry, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Chemistry, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Andrea Trabocchi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via Della Lastruccia 13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; Interdepartmental Center for Preclinical Development of Molecular Imaging (CISPIM), University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 85, 50134, Florence, Italy.
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 14 Mediates APP Proteolysis and Lysosomal Alterations Induced by Oxidative Stress in Human Neuronal Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5917187. [PMID: 33282112 PMCID: PMC7685830 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5917187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The alteration of amyloid precursor protein (APP) proteolysis is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies have described noncanonical pathways of APP processing that seem partly executed by lysosomal enzymes. Our laboratory's in vitro human SK-N-MC model has shown that oxidative stress (OS) alters the lysosomal degradation pathway and the processing/metabolism of APP. The present study identifies the lysosomal protein matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14) as a protease involved in the APP noncanonical processing. Previous expression analyses of the above cells showed MMP14 to be overexpressed under OS. In the present work, its role in changes in OS-induced APP proteolysis and lysosomal load was examined. The results show that MMP14 mediates the accumulation of an ≈85 kDa N-terminal APP fragment and increases the lysosome load induced by OS. These results were validated in neurons and neural progenitor cells generated from the induced pluripotent stem cells of patients with sporadic AD, reinforcing the idea that MMP14 may offer a therapeutic target in this disease.
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Bioguided Fractionation of Local Plants against Matrix Metalloproteinase9 and Its Cytotoxicity against Breast Cancer Cell Models: In Silico and In Vitro Study. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204691. [PMID: 33066411 PMCID: PMC7587335 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase9 (MMP9) is known to be highly expressed during metastatic cancer where most known potential inhibitors failed in the clinical trials. This study aims to select local plants in our state, as anti-breast cancer agent with hemopexin-like domain of MMP9 (PEX9) as the selective protein target. In silico screening for PEX9 inhibitors was performed from our in house-natural compound database to identify the plants. The selected plants were extracted using methanol and then a step-by-step in vitro screening against MMP9 was performed from its crude extract, partitions until fractions using FRET-based assay. The partitions were obtained by performing liquid–liquid extraction on the methanol extract using n-hexane, ethylacetate, n-butanol, and water representing nonpolar to polar solvents. The fractions were made from the selected partition, which demonstrated the best inhibition percentage toward MMP9, using column chromatography. Of the 200 compounds screened, 20 compounds that scored the binding affinity −11.2 to −8.1 kcal/mol toward PEX9 were selected as top hits. The binding of these hits were thoroughly investigated and linked to the plants which they were reported to be isolated from. Six of the eight crude extracts demonstrated inhibition toward MMP9 with the IC50 24 to 823 µg/mL. The partitions (1 mg/mL) of Ageratum conyzoides aerial parts and Ixora coccinea leaves showed inhibition 94% and 96%, whereas their fractions showed IC50 43 and 116 µg/mL, respectively toward MMP9. Using MTT assay, the crude extract of Ageratum exhibited IC50 22 and 229 µg/mL against 4T1 and T47D cell proliferations, respectively with a high safety index concluding its potential anti-breast cancer from herbal.
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16
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Fischer T, Riedl R. Challenges with matrix metalloproteinase inhibition and future drug discovery avenues. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 16:75-88. [PMID: 32921161 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1819235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Matrix metalloproteinases have been in the scope of pharmaceutical drug discovery for decades as promising targets for drug development. Until present, no modulator of the enzyme class survived clinical trials, all failing for various reasons. Nevertheless, the target family did not lose its attractiveness and there is ever more evidence that MMP modulators are likely to overcome the hurdles and result in successful clinical therapies. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of past efforts that were taken in the development of MMP inhibitors and insight into promising strategies that might enable drug discovery in the field in the future. Small molecule inhibitors as well as biomolecules are reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Despite the lack of successful clinical trials in the past, there is ongoing research in the field of MMP modulation, proving the target class has not lost its appeal to pharmaceutical research. With ever-growing insights from different scientific fields that shed light on previously unknown correlations, it is now time to use synergies deriving from biological knowledge, chemical structure generation, and clinical application to reach the ultimate goal of bringing MMP derived drugs on a broad front for the benefit of patients into therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fischer
- Center of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences ZHAW , 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Riedl
- Center of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences ZHAW , 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
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Nuti E, Rossello A, Cuffaro D, Camodeca C, Van Bael J, van der Maat D, Martens E, Fiten P, Pereira RVS, Ugarte-Berzal E, Gouwy M, Opdenakker G, Vandooren J. Bivalent Inhibitor with Selectivity for Trimeric MMP-9 Amplifies Neutrophil Chemotaxis and Enables Functional Studies on MMP-9 Proteoforms. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071634. [PMID: 32645949 PMCID: PMC7408547 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental part of the immune response to infection or injury is leukocyte migration. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a class of secreted or cell-bound endopeptidases, implicated in every step of the process of inflammatory cell migration. Hence, specific inhibition of MMPs is an interesting approach to control inflammation. We evaluated the potential of a bivalent carboxylate inhibitor to selectively inhibit the trimeric proteoform of MMP-9 and compared this with a corresponding monovalent inhibitor. The bivalent inhibitor efficiently inhibited trimeric MMP-9 (IC50 = 0.1 nM), with at least 500-fold selectivity for MMP-9 trimers over monomers. Surprisingly, in a mouse model for chemotaxis, the bivalent inhibitor amplified leukocyte influxes towards lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. We verified by microscopic and flow cytometry analysis increased amounts of neutrophils. In a mouse model for endotoxin shock, mice treated with the bivalent inhibitor had significantly increased levels of MMP-9 in plasma and lungs, indicative for increased inflammation. In conclusion, we propose a new role for MMP-9 trimers in tempering excessive neutrophil migration. In addition, we have identified a small molecule inhibitor with a high selectivity for the trimeric proteoform of MMP-9, which will allow further research on the functions of MMP-9 proteoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Nuti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.N.); (A.R.); (D.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Armando Rossello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.N.); (A.R.); (D.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Doretta Cuffaro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.N.); (A.R.); (D.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Caterina Camodeca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.N.); (A.R.); (D.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Jens Van Bael
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-bus 1044, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.V.B.); (D.v.d.M.); (E.M.); (P.F.); (R.V.S.P.); (E.U.-B.); (G.O.)
| | - Dries van der Maat
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-bus 1044, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.V.B.); (D.v.d.M.); (E.M.); (P.F.); (R.V.S.P.); (E.U.-B.); (G.O.)
| | - Erik Martens
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-bus 1044, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.V.B.); (D.v.d.M.); (E.M.); (P.F.); (R.V.S.P.); (E.U.-B.); (G.O.)
| | - Pierre Fiten
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-bus 1044, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.V.B.); (D.v.d.M.); (E.M.); (P.F.); (R.V.S.P.); (E.U.-B.); (G.O.)
| | - Rafaela Vaz Sousa Pereira
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-bus 1044, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.V.B.); (D.v.d.M.); (E.M.); (P.F.); (R.V.S.P.); (E.U.-B.); (G.O.)
| | - Estefania Ugarte-Berzal
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-bus 1044, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.V.B.); (D.v.d.M.); (E.M.); (P.F.); (R.V.S.P.); (E.U.-B.); (G.O.)
| | - Mieke Gouwy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-bus 1044, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-bus 1044, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.V.B.); (D.v.d.M.); (E.M.); (P.F.); (R.V.S.P.); (E.U.-B.); (G.O.)
| | - Jennifer Vandooren
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-bus 1044, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.V.B.); (D.v.d.M.); (E.M.); (P.F.); (R.V.S.P.); (E.U.-B.); (G.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-16-32-22-95
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18
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Zipfel P, Rochais C, Baranger K, Rivera S, Dallemagne P. Matrix Metalloproteinases as New Targets in Alzheimer's Disease: Opportunities and Challenges. J Med Chem 2020; 63:10705-10725. [PMID: 32459966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are implicated in the regulation of numerous physiological processes, evidence of their pathological roles have also been obtained in the last decades, making MMPs attractive therapeutic targets for several diseases. Recent discoveries of their involvement in central nervous system (CNS) disorders, and in particular in Alzheimer's disease (AD), have paved the way to consider MMP modulators as promising therapeutic strategies. Over the past few decades, diverse approaches have been undertaken in the design of therapeutic agents targeting MMPs for various purposes, leading, more recently, to encouraging developments. In this article, we will present recent examples of inhibitors ranging from small molecules and peptidomimetics to biologics. We will also discuss the scientific knowledge that has led to the development of emerging tools and techniques to overcome the challenges of selective MMP inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Zipfel
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CERMN (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie), F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Christophe Rochais
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CERMN (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie), F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Kévin Baranger
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Santiago Rivera
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Dallemagne
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CERMN (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie), F-14032 Caen, France
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19
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Raeeszadeh-Sarmazdeh M, Do LD, Hritz BG. Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors: Potential for the Development of New Therapeutics. Cells 2020; 9:E1313. [PMID: 32466129 PMCID: PMC7290391 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The metalloproteinase (MP) family of zinc-dependent proteases, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAMs), and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTSs) plays a crucial role in the extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and degradation activities. A wide range of substrates of the MP family includes ECM components, chemokines, cell receptors, and growth factors. Metalloproteinases activities are tightly regulated by proteolytic activation and inhibition via their natural inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and the imbalance of the activation and inhibition is responsible in progression or inhibition of several diseases, e.g., cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. We provide an overview of the structure, function, and the multifaceted role of MMPs, ADAMs, and TIMPs in several diseases via their cellular functions such as proteolysis of other cell signaling factors, degradation and remodeling of the ECM, and other essential protease-independent interactions in the ECM. The significance of MP inhibitors targeting specific MMP or ADAMs with high selectivity is also discussed. Recent advances and techniques used in developing novel MP inhibitors and MP responsive drug delivery tools are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Raeeszadeh-Sarmazdeh
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (L.D.D.); (B.G.H.)
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20
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Boon L, Ugarte-Berzal E, Vandooren J, Opdenakker G. Protease propeptide structures, mechanisms of activation, and functions. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 55:111-165. [PMID: 32290726 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1742090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are a diverse group of hydrolytic enzymes, ranging from single-domain catalytic molecules to sophisticated multi-functional macromolecules. Human proteases are divided into five mechanistic classes: aspartate, cysteine, metallo, serine and threonine proteases, based on the catalytic mechanism of hydrolysis. As a protective mechanism against uncontrolled proteolysis, proteases are often produced and secreted as inactive precursors, called zymogens, containing inhibitory N-terminal propeptides. Protease propeptide structures vary considerably in length, ranging from dipeptides and propeptides of about 10 amino acids to complex multifunctional prodomains with hundreds of residues. Interestingly, sequence analysis of the different protease domains has demonstrated that propeptide sequences present higher heterogeneity compared with their catalytic domains. Therefore, we suggest that protease inhibition targeting propeptides might be more specific and have less off-target effects than classical inhibitors. The roles of propeptides, besides keeping protease latency, include correct folding of proteases, compartmentalization, liganding, and functional modulation. Changes in the propeptide sequence, thus, have a tremendous impact on the cognate enzymes. Small modifications of the propeptide sequences modulate the activity of the enzymes, which may be useful as a therapeutic strategy. This review provides an overview of known human proteases, with a focus on the role of their propeptides. We review propeptide functions, activation mechanisms, and possible therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Boon
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Immunobiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Estefania Ugarte-Berzal
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Immunobiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jennifer Vandooren
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Immunobiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Immunobiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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21
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Xu J, Li M, Wang W, Wu Z, Wang C, Jin X, Zhang L, Jiang W, Fu B. A novel prime-&-rinse mode using MDP and MMPs inhibitors improves the dentin bond durability of self-etch adhesive. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 104:103698. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Mondal S, Adhikari N, Banerjee S, Amin SA, Jha T. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and its inhibitors in cancer: A minireview. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 194:112260. [PMID: 32224379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc dependent proteolytic metalloenzyme. MMP-9 is one of the most complex forms of matrix metalloproteinases. MMP-9 has the ability to degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) components and has important role in the pathophysiological functions. Overexpression and dysregulation of MMP-9 is associated with various diseases. Thus, regulation and inhibition of MMP-9 is an important therapeutic approach for combating various diseases including cancer. Inhibitors of MMP-9 can be used as anticancer agents. Till date no selective MMP-9 inhibitors passed the clinical trials. In this review the structure, activation, function and inhibitors of MMP-9 are mainly focused. Some highly active and/or selective MMP-9 inhibitors have been discussed which may be helpful to explore the structural significance of MMP-9 inhibitors. This study may be useful to design new potent and selective MMP-9 inhibitors against cancer in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subha Mondal
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, P. O. Box 17020, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Nilanjan Adhikari
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, P. O. Box 17020, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Suvankar Banerjee
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, P. O. Box 17020, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Sk Abdul Amin
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, P. O. Box 17020, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Tarun Jha
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, P. O. Box 17020, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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23
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The past, present and future perspectives of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 207:107465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Razai AS, Eckelman BP, Salvesen GS. Selective inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase 10 (MMP10) with a single-domain antibody. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:2464-2472. [PMID: 31953328 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery, the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family proteases have been considered as therapeutic targets in numerous diseases and disorders. Unfortunately, clinical trials with MMP inhibitors have failed to yield any clinical benefits of these inhibitors. These failures were largely due to a lack of MMP-selective agents; accordingly, it has become important to identify a platform with which high selectivity can be achieved. To this end, we propose using MMP-targeting antibodies that can achieve high specificity in interactions with their targets. Using a scaffold of single-domain antibodies, here we raised a panel of MMP10-selective antibodies through immunization of llamas, a member of the camelid family, whose members generate conventional heavy/light-chain antibodies and also smaller antibodies lacking light-chain and CH1 domains. We report the generation of a highly selective and tightly binding MMP10 inhibitor (Ki < 2 nm). Using bio-layer interferometry-based binding assays, we found that this antibody interacts with the MMP10 active site. Activity assays demonstrated that the antibody selectively inhibits MMP10 over its closest relative, MMP3. The ability of a single-domain antibody to discriminate between the most conserved MMP pair via an active site-directed mechanism of inhibition reported here supports the potential of this antibody as a broadly applicable scaffold for the development of selective, tightly binding MMP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir S Razai
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037; Inhibrx, La Jolla, California 92037
| | | | - Guy S Salvesen
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037.
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25
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Kumar GB, Nair BG, Perry JJP, Martin DBC. Recent insights into natural product inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:2024-2037. [PMID: 32904148 PMCID: PMC7451072 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00165d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family have biological functions that are central to human health and disease, and MMP inhibitors have been investigated for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. The outcomes of initial clinical trials with the first generation of MMP inhibitors proved disappointing. However, our growing understanding of the complexities of the MMP function in disease, and an increased understanding of MMP protein architecture and control of activity now provide new opportunities and avenues to develop MMP-focused therapies. Natural products that affect MMP activities have been of strong interest as templates for drug discovery, and for their use as chemical tools to help delineate the roles of MMPs that still remain to be defined. Herein, we highlight the most recent discoveries of structurally diverse natural product inhibitors to these proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha B Kumar
- School of Biotechnology , Amrita University , Kollam , Kerala , India
| | - Bipin G Nair
- School of Biotechnology , Amrita University , Kollam , Kerala , India
| | - J Jefferson P Perry
- School of Biotechnology , Amrita University , Kollam , Kerala , India
- Department of Biochemistry , University of California , Riverside , CA 92521 , USA .
| | - David B C Martin
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Riverside , CA 92521 , USA
- Department of Chemistry , University of Iowa , Iowa City , IA 52242 , USA .
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26
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Mendoza-Wilson AM, Balandrán-Quintana RR. Computational and Experimental Progress on the Structure and Chemical Reactivity of Procyanidins: Their Potential as Metalloproteinases Inhibitors. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272822666180828114021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes involved in various physiological
processes essential for living beings, but the loss of the regulatory control by endogenous
inhibitors of MMPs, leads to the development of serious diseases such as cardiovascular
system affections, cancer, and metastasis. For these reasons, exogenous inhibitors
are required for these enzymes, which are able to control the proteolytic activity
and are selective towards the different MMPs, besides properties which, from the
pharmacological point of view, are necessary to be effective under physiological
conditions. Based on these expectations, some bioactive compounds that are abundant in
the human diet, like procyanidins (PCs) have emerged as potential exogenous inhibitors
of MMPs. This review presents the advances of experimental and computational investigations
carried out to date on the structure and chemical reactivity of PCs, to support the basis of their potential
use as MMP inhibitors. For such purpose, specific sites among MMPs identified for a selective inhibition, the
role of PCs in the regulation of MMPs by posttranscriptional mechanisms at the level of microRNAs, modulation
of reactive oxygen species (ROS), effects on tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs), the crosslinking of PCs
with the extracellular matrix proteins, as well as direct interaction between PCs and MMPs, are discussed.
Methods for isolation and synthesis of PCs, as well as hydrophilicity properties, bioavailability, and susceptibility
to be metabolized in oral intake, are also addressed. The information gathered in this review could additionally
help to visualize future research related to this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Mendoza-Wilson
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C., Coordinacion de Tecnologia de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Carretera a La Victoria km 0.6, 83304, Hermosillo, Son, Mexico
| | - René Renato Balandrán-Quintana
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C., Coordinacion de Tecnologia de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Carretera a La Victoria km 0.6, 83304, Hermosillo, Son, Mexico
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Adhipandito CF, Ludji DPKS, Aprilianto E, Jenie RI, Al-Najjar B, Hariono M. Matrix metalloproteinase9 as the protein target in anti-breast cancer drug discovery: an approach by targeting hemopexin domain. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-019-0001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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The Rebirth of Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors: Moving Beyond the Dogma. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090984. [PMID: 31461880 PMCID: PMC6769477 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pursuit of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors began in earnest over three decades ago. Initial clinical trials were disappointing, resulting in a negative view of MMPs as therapeutic targets. As a better understanding of MMP biology and inhibitor pharmacokinetic properties emerged, it became clear that initial MMP inhibitor clinical trials were held prematurely. Further complicating matters were problematic conclusions drawn from animal model studies. The most recent generation of MMP inhibitors have desirable selectivities and improved pharmacokinetics, resulting in improved toxicity profiles. Application of selective MMP inhibitors led to the conclusion that MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13, and MT1-MMP are not involved in musculoskeletal syndrome, a common side effect observed with broad spectrum MMP inhibitors. Specific activities within a single MMP can now be inhibited. Better definition of the roles of MMPs in immunological responses and inflammation will help inform clinic trials, and multiple studies indicate that modulating MMP activity can improve immunotherapy. There is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved MMP inhibitor for periodontal disease, and several MMP inhibitors are in clinic trials, targeting a variety of maladies including gastric cancer, diabetic foot ulcers, and multiple sclerosis. It is clearly time to move on from the dogma of viewing MMP inhibition as intractable.
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Fields GB. Mechanisms of Action of Novel Drugs Targeting Angiogenesis-Promoting Matrix Metalloproteinases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1278. [PMID: 31214203 PMCID: PMC6558196 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is facilitated by the proteolytic activities of members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family. More specifically, MMP-9 and MT1-MMP directly regulate angiogenesis, while several studies indicate a role for MMP-2 as well. The correlation of MMP activity to tumor angiogenesis has instigated numerous drug development programs. However, broad-based and Zn2+-chelating MMP inhibitors have fared poorly in the clinic. Selective MMP inhibition by antibodies, biologicals, and small molecules has utilized unique modes of action, such as (a) binding to protease secondary binding sites (exosites), (b) allosterically blocking the protease active site, or (c) preventing proMMP activation. Clinical trials have been undertaken with several of these inhibitors, while others are in advanced pre-clinical stages. The mechanistically non-traditional MMP inhibitors offer treatment strategies for tumor angiogenesis that avoid the off-target toxicities and lack of specificity that plagued Zn2+-chelating inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg B Fields
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States.,Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute/Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, United States
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Wang X, Rojas-Quintero J, Wilder J, Tesfaigzi Y, Zhang D, Owen CA. Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 Promotes Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil (PMN) Pericellular Proteolysis by Anchoring Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 and -9 to PMN Surfaces. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:3267-3281. [PMID: 31019060 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 and -9 released by degranulating polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) promote pericellular proteolysis by binding to PMN surfaces in a catalytically active tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-resistant forms. The PMN receptor(s) to which MMP-8 and MMP-9 bind(s) is not known. Competitive binding experiments showed that Mmp-8 and Mmp-9 share binding sites on murine PMN surfaces. A novel form of TIMP-1 (an inhibitor of soluble MMPs) is rapidly expressed on PMN surfaces when human PMNs are activated. Membrane-bound TIMP-1 is the PMN receptor for pro- and active MMP-8 and -9 as shown by the following: 1) TIMP-1 is strikingly colocalized with MMP-8 and -9 on activated human PMN surfaces and in PMN extracellular traps; 2) minimal immunoreactive and active Mmp-8 or Mmp-9 are detected on the surface of activated Timp-1-/- murine PMNs; and 3) binding of exogenous Timp-1 (but not Timp-2) to Timp-1-/- murine PMNs reconstitutes the binding of exogenous pro-Mmp-8 and pro-Mmp-9 to the surface of Timp-1-/- PMNs. Unlike full-length pro-Mmp-8 and pro-Mmp-9, mutant pro-Mmp proteins lacking the COOH-terminal hemopexin domain fail to bind to Mmp-8-/-x Mmp-9-/- murine PMNs. Soluble hemopexin inhibits the binding of pro-Mmp-8 and pro-Mmp-9 to Mmp-8-/-x Mmp-9-/- murine PMNs. Thus, the COOH-terminal hemopexin domains of pro-Mmp-8 and pro-Mmp-9 are required for their binding to membrane-bound Timp-1 on murine PMNs. Exposing nonhuman primates to cigarette smoke upregulates colocalized expression of TIMP-1 with MMP-8 and MMP-9 on peripheral blood PMN surfaces. By anchoring MMP-8 and MMP-9 to PMN surfaces, membrane-bound TIMP-1 plays a counterintuitive role in promoting PMN pericellular proteolysis occurring in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Joselyn Rojas-Quintero
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Julie Wilder
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87108; and
| | | | - Duo Zhang
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Caroline A Owen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;
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31
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Comba A, Scotti N, Mazzoni A, Maravic T, Ribeiro Cunha S, Michelotto Tempesta R, Carossa M, Pashley DH, Tay FR, Breschi L. Carbodiimide inactivation of matrix metalloproteinases in radicular dentine. J Dent 2019; 82:56-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Zhou W, Liu S, Zhou X, Hannig M, Rupf S, Feng J, Peng X, Cheng L. Modifying Adhesive Materials to Improve the Longevity of Resinous Restorations. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030723. [PMID: 30744026 PMCID: PMC6387348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a common disease on a global scale. Resin composites are the most popular materials to restore caries by bonding to tooth tissues via adhesives. However, multiple factors, such as microleakage and recurrent caries, impair the durability of resinous restorations. Various innovative methods have been applied to develop adhesives with particular functions to tackle these problems, such as incorporating matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors, antibacterial or remineralizing agents into bonding systems, as well as improving the mechanical/chemical properties of adhesives, even combining these methods. This review will sum up the latest achievements in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Shiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Stefan Rupf
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Jin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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The gelatinases, MMP-2 and MMP-9, as fine tuners of neuroinflammatory processes. Matrix Biol 2019; 75-76:102-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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MMP-9 inhibition promotes anti-tumor immunity through disruption of biochemical and physical barriers to T-cell trafficking to tumors. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207255. [PMID: 30500835 PMCID: PMC6267998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), whose expression is frequently dysregulated in cancer, promotes tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis by multiple mechanisms, including extracellular matrix remodeling and growth-factor and cytokine activation. We developed a monoclonal antibody against murine MMP-9, which we found decreased growth of established primary tumors in an orthotopic model of HER2-driven breast cancer (HC11-NeuT) in immunocompetent mice. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) profiling of NeuT tumors and additional mouse model tumors revealed that anti-MMP-9 treatment resulted in upregulation of immune signature pathways associated with cytotoxic T-cell response. As there is a need to boost the low response rates observed with anti-PDL1 antibody treatment in the clinical setting, we assessed the potential of anti-MMP-9 to improve T-cell response to immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-PDL1 in NeuT tumors. Anti-MMP-9 and anti-PDL1 cotreatment reduced T-cell receptor (TCR) clonality and increased TCR diversity, as detected by TCR sequencing of NeuT tumors. Flow cytometry analyses of tumors showed that the combination treatment increased the frequency of CD3+ T cells, including memory/effector CD4 and CD8 T cells, but not regulatory T cells, among tumor-infiltrating leukocytes. Moreover, in vitro enzymatic assays corroborated that MMP-9 cleaves key T-cell chemoattractant CXC receptor 3 ligands (CXC ligand [CXCL] 9, CXCL10, and CXCL11) and renders them inactive in T-cell migration assays. Consistent with our in vitro experiments, analysis of NeuT tumor protein lysates showed that anti-MMP-9 treatment increases expression of CXCL10 and other T cell–stimulating factors, such as interleukin (IL)-12p70 and IL-18. We show that inhibition of MMP-9, a key component of the tumor-promoting and immune-suppressive myeloid inflammatory milieu, increases T-helper cell 1 type cytokines, trafficking of effector/memory T cells into tumors, and intratumoral T-cell diversity.
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Srinivasan B, Tonddast-Navaei S, Roy A, Zhou H, Skolnick J. Chemical space of Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors: New approaches for discovering novel drugs for old bugs. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:684-705. [PMID: 30192413 DOI: 10.1002/med.21538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli Dihydrofolate reductase is an important enzyme that is essential for the survival of the Gram-negative microorganism. Inhibitors designed against this enzyme have demonstrated application as antibiotics. However, either because of poor bioavailability of the small-molecules resulting from their inability to cross the double membrane in Gram-negative bacteria or because the microorganism develops resistance to the antibiotics by mutating the DHFR target, discovery of new antibiotics against the enzyme is mandatory to overcome drug-resistance. This review summarizes the field of DHFR inhibition with special focus on recent efforts to effectively interface computational and experimental efforts to discover novel classes of inhibitors that target allosteric and active-sites in drug-resistant variants of EcDHFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Srinivasan
- Center for the Study of Systems Biology, School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sam Tonddast-Navaei
- Center for the Study of Systems Biology, School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ambrish Roy
- Center for the Study of Systems Biology, School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hongyi Zhou
- Center for the Study of Systems Biology, School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeffrey Skolnick
- Center for the Study of Systems Biology, School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
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The ectoenzyme-side of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) makes inflammation by serum amyloid A (SAA) and chemokines go round. Immunol Lett 2018; 205:1-8. [PMID: 29870759 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During an inflammatory response, a large number of distinct mediators appears in the affected tissues or in the blood circulation. These include acute phase proteins such as serum amyloid A (SAA), cytokines and chemokines and proteolytic enzymes. Although these molecules are generated within a cascade sequence in specific body compartments allowing for independent action, their co-appearance in space and time during acute or chronic inflammation points toward important mutual interactions. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns lead to fast induction of the pro-inflammatory endogenous pyrogens, which are evoking the acute phase response. Interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-α and interferons simultaneously trigger different cell types, including leukocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts for tissue-specific or systemic production of chemokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In addition, SAA induces chemokines and both stimulate secretion of MMPs from multiple cell types. As a consequence, these mediators may cooperate to enhance the inflammatory response. Indeed, SAA synergizes with chemokines to increase chemoattraction of monocytes and granulocytes. On the other hand, MMPs post-translationally modify chemokines and SAA to reduce their activity. Indeed, MMPs internally cleave SAA with loss of its cytokine-inducing and direct chemotactic potential whilst retaining its capacity to synergize with chemokines in leukocyte migration. Finally, MMPs truncate chemokines at their NH2- or COOH-terminal end, resulting in reduced or enhanced chemotactic activity. Therefore, the complex interactions between chemokines, SAA and MMPs either maintain or dampen the inflammatory response.
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37
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Nucleic acid-induced potentiation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 enzymatic activity. Biochem J 2018; 475:1597-1610. [PMID: 29654109 PMCID: PMC5941315 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play varied roles in normal biology and diseases where, depending on the context, both inhibition and enhancement of the enzymatic activity may be beneficial. However, there are very few reports of positive modulators of MMP activity. We report that polynucleotides, including single-stranded DNA, RNA, and even double-stranded DNA, bind to and enhance the enzymatic activity of MMP9. This enhancement of MMP9 catalytic activity is not shared by biologically active polycationic molecules suggesting nonspecific charge screening as an unlikely mechanism. Deletion construct and MMP1, 2, and 3 studies suggest that the type-II fibronectin repeat domains of the enzyme appear to play a role in mediating the nucleotide potentiation of MMP9 activity. Single-stranded DNA enhances nerve growth factor-induced MMP9-dependent neurite extension in pheochromocytoma 12 cells providing evidence for potential biological significance of the nucleotide-mediated allosteric enhancement of the catalytic activity.
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Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are structurally related endopeptidases. They are also known as metzincins due to their interaction with zinc ion of the conserved methionine (Met) at the active site. MMPs play an important role in physiological and signaling processes of wound healing, bone resorption and angiogenesis. The structure of MMPs consists of signal peptide, propeptide, catalytic domain, hinge region and hemopexin-like domain. MMP-9 shares high structural and functional similarities with MMP-2, therefore designing selective MMP-9 inhibitors (MMPIs) is challenging. The selectivity can be achieved by targeting S2 subsite of MMP-9 that is having difference with MMP-2. Further, targeting its exosite and protein disulfide isomerase may also provide selective MMPIs. The review highlights the molecular features and basis of MMP-9 enzyme action. The MMPIs reported in the recent years have also been included.
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39
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Afratis NA, Klepfish M, Karamanos NK, Sagi I. The apparent competitive action of ECM proteases and cross-linking enzymes during fibrosis: Applications to drug discovery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:4-15. [PMID: 29627371 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Progressive loss of organ function in most organs is associated with fibrosis, a tissue state associated with abnormal matrix buildup. If highly progressive, the fibrotic process eventually leads to organ failure and death. Fibrosis is a basic connective tissue lesion defined by the increase in the amount of fibrillar extracellular matrix (ECM) components in a tissue or organ. In addition, intrinsic changes in important structural cells can induce the fibrotic response by regulating the differentiation, recruitment, proliferation and activation of extracellular matrix-producing myofibroblasts. ECM enzymes belonging to the family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and lysyl oxidases (LOXs) play a crucial role in ECM remodeling and regeneration. MMPs have a catalytic role in degradation of ECM, whereas LOX/LOXLs mediate ECM, especially collagen, cross-linking and stiffening. Importantly, enzymes from both families are elevated during the fibrotic response to tissue injury and its resolution. Yet, the apparent molecular competition or antagonistic activities of these enzyme families during the various stages of fibrosis is often overlooked. In this review, we discuss the diverse roles of MMPs and LOX/LOXL2 in chronic organ fibrosis. Finally, we review contemporary therapeutic strategies for fibrosis treatment, based on neutralization of MMP and LOX activity, as well as the development of novel drug delivery approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos A Afratis
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Mordehay Klepfish
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26500, Greece
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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40
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Balalaie A, Rezvani MB, Mohammadi Basir M. Dual function of proanthocyanidins as both MMP inhibitor and crosslinker in dentin biomodification: A literature review. Dent Mater J 2018; 37:173-182. [PMID: 29176304 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidin, a natural phytochemical bioactive agent, simultaneously can silence the activity of dentinal proteases and crosslink the collagen matrix; both of these phenomena would be the fundamentals for bio-stability of resin-dentin interface which is essential for a promising adhesive dentistry. This review provides an overview of the data developed by different groups of researchers and highlighted topics are proanthocyanidin chemistry, natural resources and the unique interactions between proanthocyanidincollagen and proanthocyanidin-MMPs in dentin. Besides, clinical applications of proanthocyanidin in the form of proanthocyanidin-containing adhesives, preconditioners and etchants have been reviewed. One hundred and twelve studies have been published in peer-reviewed journals from 1981 to 2017, all were comprised in this review, some of them have been actually proven to be promising from clinical point of view and others need further assessment before their adoption as clinically practicable protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Balalaie
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University
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Ciołczyk-Wierzbicka D, Laidler P. The inhibition of invasion of human melanoma cells through N-cadherin knock-down. Med Oncol 2018; 35:42. [PMID: 29492694 PMCID: PMC5830464 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-018-1104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
N-cadherin seems to promote cell migration and invasion in many types of cancers. The object of this study is recognition of the possible role of N-cadherin and selected downstream protein kinases: PI3K, ERK1/2, and mTOR in cell invasion in malignant melanoma. Melanoma cells were transfected with the small interfering RNA (siRNA) that targets human N-cadherin gene (CDH2). Inhibitors LY294002 (PI3K), U0126 (ERK1/2), and everolimus (mTOR) were used to inhibit selected kinases of signalling pathways. In vitro cell invasion was studied using Matrigel and an analysis of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity by gelatinase zymogram assay. Treatment of melanoma cell with either siRNA against N-cadherin or protein kinase inhibitors led to significantly decreased MMPs expression and activity, as well as diminished invasion. Both the current and the former results suggest that activation of PI3/AKT, mTOR, and ERK kinase, following N-cadherin expression, contributes not only to increased proliferation but also invasive potential of melanoma cells. The results also indicate that N-cadherin, as well as the studied kinases, should be considered as a potential target in melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Ciołczyk-Wierzbicka
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Kopernika 7, 31-034, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Piotr Laidler
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Kopernika 7, 31-034, Kraków, Poland
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42
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Nam DH, Lee KB, Ge X. Functional Production of Catalytic Domains of Human MMPs in Escherichia coli Periplasm. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1731:65-72. [PMID: 29318544 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7595-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to their central roles in tumor growth and invasion, milligram-level amounts of active MMPs are frequently required for cancer research and development of chemical or biological MMP inhibitors. Here we describe methods for functional production of catalytic domains of MMPs (cdMMPs) in E. coli periplasm without refolding or activation process. We demonstrate applications of this straightforward approach for cdMMP-9, cdMMP-14, and cdMMP-14 mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Nam
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Ki Baek Lee
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Xin Ge
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
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43
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Alonso JRL, Basso FG, Scheffel DLS, de-Souza-Costa CA, Hebling J. Effect of crosslinkers on bond strength stability of fiber posts to root canal dentin and in situ proteolytic activity. J Prosthet Dent 2017; 119:494.e1-494.e9. [PMID: 29195822 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Improved stability of the adhesive interface can be obtained using crosslinkers. However, research on the use of crosslinkers in root dentin is lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of crosslinkers on the proteolytic activity of root dentin and on the bond strength of resin-cemented fiber posts. MATERIAL AND METHODS Single root canals were obtained from premolars (n=48) and endodontically treated before being divided into 4 groups: deionized water (control), 0.5 mol/L carbodiimide, 5% proanthocyanidin, or 5% glutaraldehyde. After removing the canal sealer, the dentin was etched with phosphoric acid, followed by water rinsing and the application of the crosslinkers for 60 seconds. Fiber posts were cemented using an adhesive (Single Bond 2) and resin cement (RelyX ARC). The roots were then transversally sectioned to obtain 1 mm thick specimens from the cervical, middle, and apical thirds and then aged for 24 hours or 9 months. Nine roots per group were used for the push-out test and 3 for determining the proteolytic activity of the root dentin by in situ zymography. Bond strength data were submitted to a mixed-model ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (α=.05). RESULTS Only proanthocyanidin negatively affected the 24-hour bond strength. After 9 months, a significant decrease in bond strength was seen for all groups, except for the crosslinked treated specimens from the cervical third of the root canal. Intense gelatinolytic activity was detected in the control group after 24 hours but was inhibited in the crosslinker-treated groups. Proteolytic activity was also not detected after 9 months for the groups treated with the crosslinkers, irrespective of the root canal third. Conversely, proteolytic activity increased for the specimens from the control group. CONCLUSIONS Although no proteolytic activity was detected in the hybrid layers along the entire root canal, dentin biomodification with crosslinkers was effective in preventing bond strength loss only in the cervical third.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana R L Alonso
- Assistant researcher, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda G Basso
- Postdoctoral researcher, Department of Physiology and Pathology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora L S Scheffel
- Postdoctoral researcher, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto de-Souza-Costa
- Professor, Department of Physiology and Pathology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josimeri Hebling
- Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Liu Z, Li F, Zhang L, Yu H, Yu F, Chen J. The effect of active components from citrus fruits on dentin MMPs. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 83:111-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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45
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Scannevin RH, Alexander R, Haarlander TM, Burke SL, Singer M, Huo C, Zhang YM, Maguire D, Spurlino J, Deckman I, Carroll KI, Lewandowski F, Devine E, Dzordzorme K, Tounge B, Milligan C, Bayoumy S, Williams R, Schalk-Hihi C, Leonard K, Jackson P, Todd M, Kuo LC, Rhodes KJ. Discovery of a highly selective chemical inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) that allosterically inhibits zymogen activation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:17963-17974. [PMID: 28860188 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.806075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is a common feature of pathological cascades observed in diverse disorders, such as cancer, fibrosis, immune dysregulation, and neurodegenerative diseases. MMP-9, in particular, is highly dynamically regulated in several pathological processes. Development of MMP inhibitors has therefore been an attractive strategy for therapeutic intervention. However, a long history of failed clinical trials has demonstrated that broad-spectrum MMP inhibitors have limited clinical utility, which has spurred the development of inhibitors selective for individual MMPs. Attaining selectivity has been technically challenging because of sequence and structural conservation across the various MMPs. Here, through a biochemical and structural screening paradigm, we have identified JNJ0966, a highly selective compound that inhibited activation of MMP-9 zymogen and subsequent generation of catalytically active enzyme. JNJ0966 had no effect on MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, or MMP-14 catalytic activity and did not inhibit activation of the highly related MMP-2 zymogen. The molecular basis for this activity was characterized as an interaction of JNJ0966 with a structural pocket in proximity to the MMP-9 zymogen cleavage site near Arg-106, which is distinct from the catalytic domain. JNJ0966 was efficacious in reducing disease severity in a mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model, demonstrating the viability of this therapeutic approach. This discovery reveals an unprecedented pharmacological approach to MMP inhibition, providing an opportunity to improve selectivity of future clinical drug candidates. Targeting zymogen activation in this manner may also allow for pharmaceutical exploration of other enzymes previously viewed as intractable drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Scannevin
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Richard Alexander
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | | | - Sharon L Burke
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Monica Singer
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Cuifen Huo
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Yue-Mei Zhang
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Diane Maguire
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - John Spurlino
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Ingrid Deckman
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Karen I Carroll
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Frank Lewandowski
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Eric Devine
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Keli Dzordzorme
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Brett Tounge
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Cindy Milligan
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Shariff Bayoumy
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Robyn Williams
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Celine Schalk-Hihi
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Kristi Leonard
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Paul Jackson
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Matthew Todd
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Lawrence C Kuo
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Kenneth J Rhodes
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
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Radisky ES, Raeeszadeh-Sarmazdeh M, Radisky DC. Therapeutic Potential of Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibition in Breast Cancer. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:3531-3548. [PMID: 28585723 PMCID: PMC5621753 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc endopeptidases that cleave nearly all components of the extracellular matrix as well as many other soluble and cell-associated proteins. MMPs have been implicated in normal physiological processes, including development, and in the acquisition and progression of the malignant phenotype. Disappointing results from a series of clinical trials testing small molecule, broad spectrum MMP inhibitors as cancer therapeutics led to a re-evaluation of how MMPs function in the tumor microenvironment, and ongoing research continues to reveal that these proteins play complex roles in cancer development and progression. It is now clear that effective targeting of MMPs for therapeutic benefit will require selective inhibition of specific MMPs. Here, we provide an overview of the MMP family and its biological regulators, the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). We then summarize recent research from model systems that elucidate how specific MMPs drive the malignant phenotype of breast cancer cells, including acquisition of cancer stem cell features and induction of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and we also outline clinical studies that implicate specific MMPs in breast cancer outcomes. We conclude by discussing ongoing strategies for development of inhibitors with therapeutic potential that are capable of selectively targeting the MMPs most responsible for tumor promotion, with special consideration of the potential of biologics including antibodies and engineered proteins based on the TIMP scaffold. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3531-3548, 2017. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evette S Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville 32224, Florida
| | | | - Derek C Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville 32224, Florida
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Levin M, Udi Y, Solomonov I, Sagi I. Next generation matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors - Novel strategies bring new prospects. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017. [PMID: 28636874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic proteolysis of cell surface proteins and extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical for tissue homeostasis and cell signaling. These proteolytic activities are mediated predominantly by a family of proteases termed matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The growing evidence in recent years that ECM and non-ECM bioactive molecules (e.g., growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, on top of matrikines and matricryptins) have versatile functions redefines our view on the roles matrix remodeling enzymes play in many physiological and pathological processes, and underscores the notion that ECM proteolytic reaction mechanisms represent master switches in the regulation of critical biological processes and govern cell behavior. Accordingly, MMPs are not only responsible for direct degradation of ECM molecules but are also key modulators of cardinal bioactive factors. Many attempts were made to manipulate ECM degradation by targeting MMPs using small peptidic and organic inhibitors. However, due to the high structural homology shared by these enzymes, the majority of the developed compounds are broad-spectrum inhibitors affecting the proteolytic activity of various MMPs and other zinc-related proteases. These inhibitors, in many cases, failed as therapeutic agents, mainly due to the bilateral role of MMPs in pathological conditions such as cancer, in which MMPs have both pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects. Despite the important role of MMPs in many human diseases, none of the broad-range synthetic MMP inhibitors that were designed have successfully passed clinical trials. It appears that, designing highly selective MMP inhibitors that are also effective in vivo, is not trivial. The challenges related to designing selective and effective metalloprotease inhibitors, are associated in part with the aforesaid high structural homology and the dynamic nature of their protein scaffolds. Great progress was achieved in the last decade in understanding the biochemistry and biology of MMPs activity. This knowledge, combined with lessons from the past has drawn new "boundaries" for the development of the next-generation MMP inhibitors. These novel agents are currently designed to be highly specific, capable to discriminate between the homologous MMPs and ideally administered as a short-term topical treatment. In this review we discuss the latest progress in the fields of MMP inhibitors in terms of structure, function and their specific activity. The development of novel highly specific inhibitors targeting MMPs paves the path to study complex biological processes associated with ECM proteolysis in health and disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Matrix Metalloproteinases edited by Rafael Fridman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Levin
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yael Udi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Structural Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Inna Solomonov
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Abstract
To many of us in the field, working on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) has felt like riding a roller coaster, traveling through times of both excitement and despair. I was fortunate to join the ride when it was a mere carousel of three activities thought to target the proteins that comprise the extracellular matrix (ECM). New technologies brought the thrills of discovery as we uncovered specific proteinase genes and defined specialized activities in different cellular processes. The MMPs and the sister families of "adisintegrin and metalloproteinase" (ADAMs), ADAMs with thrombospondin domains (ADAM-TS), and Astacins are now recognized as key signaling "scissors" that drive rapid changes in a plethora of cellular pathways. My many excellent colleagues and collaborators and I were enthused to contribute to the early development of the field and continue to be amazed at its growth and sophistication. In contrast, the hype and failure of early inhibitor discovery have dogged our standing with the pharmaceutical industry and grant-giving bodies. However, the true believers have kept going, and knowledge of particular functions of MMPs and their contributions to disease progression has progressed. Recognition of the strategic importance of proteinase function should inspire more work harnessing new technologies such as imaging, proteomics, and gene editing to generate a more precise understanding of individual situations. New approaches to inhibitor design and assessment are possible, and the consequent ability to precisely abrogate specific MMP activity could contribute to the fight against a number of pathologies with unmet needs. What a ride it could be!
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Murphy
- From the Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
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49
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Ismail TM, Bennett D, Platt-Higgins AM, Al-Medhity M, Barraclough R, Rudland PS. S100A4 Elevation Empowers Expression of Metastasis Effector Molecules in Human Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:780-789. [PMID: 27927689 PMCID: PMC5321524 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Many human glandular cancers metastasize along nerve tracts, but the mechanisms involved are generally poorly understood. The calcium-binding protein S100A4 is expressed at elevated levels in human cancers, where it has been linked to increased invasion and metastasis. Here we report genetic studies in a Drosophila model to define S100A4 effector functions that mediate metastatic dissemination of mutant Ras-induced tumors in the developing nervous system. In flies overexpressing mutant RasVal12 and S100A4, there was a significant increase in activation of the stress kinase JNK and production of the matrix metalloproteinase MMP1. Genetic or chemical blockades of JNK and MMP1 suppressed metastatic dissemination associated with S100A4 elevation, defining required signaling pathway(s) for S100A4 in this setting. In clinical specimens of human breast cancer, elevated levels of the mammalian paralogs MMP2, MMP9, and MMP13 are associated with a 4- to 9-fold relative decrease in patient survival. In individual tumors, levels of MMP2 and MMP13 correlated more closely with levels of S100A4, whereas MMP9 levels correlated more closely with the S100 family member S100P. Overall, our results suggest the existence of evolutionarily conserved pathways used by S100A4 to promote metastatic dissemination, with potential prognostic and therapeutic implications for metastasis by cancers that preferentially exploit nerve tract migration routes. Cancer Res; 77(3); 780-9. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamir M Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Daimark Bennett
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Angela M Platt-Higgins
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Morteta Al-Medhity
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Barraclough
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Philip S Rudland
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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50
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Silva Sousa AB, Vidal CMP, Leme-Kraus AA, Pires-de-Souza FCP, Bedran-Russo AK. Experimental primers containing synthetic and natural compounds reduce enzymatic activity at the dentin-adhesive interface under cyclic loading. Dent Mater 2016; 32:1248-1255. [PMID: 27524231 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of experimental primers (chlorhexidine, enriched mixture of proanthocyanidins, and doxycycline) on the adhesive properties and gelatinolytic activity at dentin-resin interfaces of occlusal Class I restorations. METHODS The inactivation of enzymes by the experimental primers was assessed by fluorescence assay and gelatin zymography. To assess the adhesive properties, occlusal Class I cavities were prepared in sound human molars, etched with phosphoric acid and restored with one of the primers and an etch-and-rinse adhesive system (Adper Single Bond Plus-3M ESPE). After the restorative procedures, specimens were divided into two subgroups (n=6) consisting of storage in incubation buffer or axial cyclic loading at 50N and 1,000,000 cycles. Then, the specimens were sectioned and slices were assigned to in situ zymography assay and microtensile bond strength (TBS) test. RESULTS Fluorescence assay and gelatin zymography revealed that the experimental primers inactivated rMMPs. In situ zymography (2-way ANOVA, Tukey, p<0.05) showed that cyclic loading increased the gelatinolytic activity at the resin-dentin interface and the experimental primers decreased the gelatinolytic activity at the adhesive interface. The experimental primers had no significant effects on dentin-adhesive bond strengths with or without cyclic loading (2-way ANOVA, p>0.05). SIGNIFICANCE The use of experimental primers impaired the enzymatic activity at the dentin-adhesive interface after cyclic loading and the activity of rMMPs. Cyclic loading did not have a significant effect on the bond strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Silva Sousa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristina M P Vidal
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ariene Arcas Leme-Kraus
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fernanda C P Pires-de-Souza
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana K Bedran-Russo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA.
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