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Lee-Glover LP, Shutt TE. Mitochondrial quality control pathways sense mitochondrial protein import. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:308-320. [PMID: 38103974 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) mechanisms are required to maintain a functional proteome, which enables mitochondria to perform a myriad of important cellular functions from oxidative phosphorylation to numerous other metabolic pathways. Mitochondrial protein homeostasis begins with the import of over 1000 nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins and the synthesis of 13 mitochondrial DNA-encoded proteins. A network of chaperones and proteases helps to fold new proteins and degrade unnecessary, damaged, or misfolded proteins, whereas more extensive damage can be removed by mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) or mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy). Here, focusing on mechanisms in mammalian cells, we review the importance of mitochondrial protein import as a sentinel of mitochondrial function that activates multiple MQC mechanisms when impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie P Lee-Glover
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Timothy E Shutt
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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2
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Song Y, Cao H, Zuo C, Gu Z, Huang Y, Miao J, Fu Y, Guo Y, Jiang Y, Wang F. Mitochondrial dysfunction: A fatal blow in depression. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115652. [PMID: 37801903 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria maintain the normal physiological function of nerve cells by producing sufficient cellular energy and performing crucial roles in maintaining the metabolic balance through intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, oxidative stress, and axonal development. Depression is a prevalent psychiatric disorder with an unclear pathophysiology. Damage to the hippocampal neurons is a key component of the plasticity regulation of synapses and plays a critical role in the mechanism of depression. There is evidence suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with synaptic impairment. The maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis includes quantitative maintenance and quality control of mitochondria. Mitochondrial biogenesis produces new and healthy mitochondria, and mitochondrial dynamics cooperates with mitophagy to remove damaged mitochondria. These processes maintain mitochondrial population stability and exert neuroprotective effects against early depression. In contrast, mitochondrial dysfunction is observed in various brain regions of patients with major depressive disorders. The accumulation of defective mitochondria accelerates cellular nerve dysfunction. In addition, impaired mitochondria aggravate alterations in the brain microenvironment, promoting neuroinflammation and energy depletion, thereby exacerbating the development of depression. This review summarizes the influence of mitochondrial dysfunction and the underlying molecular pathways on the pathogenesis of depression. Additionally, we discuss the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis as a potential therapeutic strategy for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Huan Cao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Chengchao Zuo
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongya Gu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yaqi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jinfeng Miao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yufeng Fu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yongsheng Jiang
- Cancer Center of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, China.
| | - Furong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, China.
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3
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Lee B, Kim YH, Lee W, Choi HY, Lee J, Kim J, Mai DN, Jung SF, Kwak MS, Shin JS. USP13 deubiquitinates p62/SQSTM1 to induce autophagy and Nrf2 release for activating antioxidant response genes. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:820-832. [PMID: 37776917 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1) is a multifunctional protein that serves as a receptor for selective autophagy and scaffold. In selective autophagy, p62 functions as a bridge between polyubiquitinated proteins and autophagosomes. Further, p62 acts as a signaling hub for many cellular pathways including mTORC1, NF-κB, and Keap1-Nrf2. Post-translational modifications of p62, such as ubiquitination and phosphorylation, are known to determine its binding partners and regulate their intracellular functions. However, the mechanism of p62 deubiquitination remains unclear. In this study, we found that ubiquitin-specific protease 13 (USP13), a member of the USP family, directly binds p62 and removes ubiquitin at Lys7 (K7) of the PB1 domain. USP13-mediated p62 deubiquitination enhances p62 protein stability and facilitates p62 oligomerization, resulting in increased autophagy and degradation of Keap1, which is a negative regulator of the antioxidant response that promotes Nrf2 activation. Thus, USP13 can be considered a therapeutic target as a deubiquitination enzyme of p62 in autophagy-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Hun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woori Lee
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Youn Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jisun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiwon Kim
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dương Ngọc Mai
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su Ful Jung
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Man Sup Kwak
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeon-Soo Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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4
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Genin EC, Abou-Ali M, Paquis-Flucklinger V. Mitochondria, a Key Target in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Pathogenesis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1981. [PMID: 38002924 PMCID: PMC10671245 DOI: 10.3390/genes14111981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in numerous neurodegenerative diseases, particularly amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), where it contributes to motor neuron (MN) death. Of all the factors involved in ALS, mitochondria have been considered as a major player, as secondary mitochondrial dysfunction has been found in various models and patients. Abnormal mitochondrial morphology, defects in mitochondrial dynamics, altered activities of respiratory chain enzymes and increased production of reactive oxygen species have been described. Moreover, the identification of CHCHD10 variants in ALS patients was the first genetic evidence that a mitochondrial defect may be a primary cause of MN damage and directly links mitochondrial dysfunction to the pathogenesis of ALS. In this review, we focus on the role of mitochondria in ALS and highlight the pathogenic variants of ALS genes associated with impaired mitochondrial functions. The multiple pathways demonstrated in ALS pathogenesis suggest that all converge to a common endpoint leading to MN loss. This may explain the disappointing results obtained with treatments targeting a single pathological process. Fighting against mitochondrial dysfunction appears to be a promising avenue for developing combined therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle C. Genin
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm U1081, CNRS UMR7284, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nice, 06200 Nice, France; (M.A.-A.); (V.P.-F.)
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Gupta S, Mathur P, Mishra AK, Medicherla KM, Bandapalli OR, Suravajhala P. Whole Exome-Trio Analysis Reveals Rare Variants Associated with Congenital Pouch Colon. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10050902. [PMID: 37238450 DOI: 10.3390/children10050902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Anorectal malformations (ARM) are individually common, but Congenital Pouch Colon (CPC) is a rare anorectal anomaly that causes a dilated pouch and communication with the genitourinary tract. In this work, we attempted to identify de novo heterozygous missense variants, and further discovered variants of unknown significance (VUS) which could provide insights into CPC manifestation. From whole exome sequencing (WES) performed earlier, the trio exomes were analyzed from those who were admitted to J.K. Lon Hospital, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, India, between 2011 and 2017. The proband exomes were compared with the unaffected sibling/family members, and we sought to ask whether any variants of significant interest were associated with the CPC manifestation. The WES data from a total of 64 samples including 16 affected neonates (11 male and 5 female) with their parents and unaffected siblings were used for the study. We examined the role of rare allelic variation associated with CPC in a 16 proband/parent trio family, comparing the mutations to those of their unaffected parents/siblings. We also performed RNA-Seq as a pilot to find whether or not the genes harboring these mutations were differentially expressed. Our study revealed extremely rare variants, viz., TAF1B, MUC5B and FRG1, which were further validated for disease-causing mutations associated with CPC, further closing the gaps of surgery by bringing intervention in therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Birla Institute of Scientific Research (BISR), Statue Circle, Jaipur 302021, India
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Kant Kalwar, Jaipur 303002, India
| | - Praveen Mathur
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, SMS Medical College and Hospital, JLN Marg, Jaipur 302004, India
| | | | - Krishna Mohan Medicherla
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Birla Institute of Scientific Research (BISR), Statue Circle, Jaipur 302021, India
- Department of Bioengineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Jaipur Campus, 27-Malaviya Industrial, Area, Jaipur 302017, India
| | | | - Prashanth Suravajhala
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Birla Institute of Scientific Research (BISR), Statue Circle, Jaipur 302021, India
- Bioclues.org, Hyderabad 500072, India
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Vallikavu, Clappana P.O. Box 690525, Kerala, India
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Petenkova A, Auger SA, Lamb J, Quellier D, Carter C, To OT, Milosevic J, Barghout R, Kugadas A, Lu X, Geddes-McAlister J, Fichorova R, Sykes DB, Distefano MD, Gadjeva M. Prenylcysteine oxidase 1 like protein is required for neutrophil bactericidal activities. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2761. [PMID: 37179332 PMCID: PMC10182992 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The bactericidal function of neutrophils is dependent on a myriad of intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. Using systems immunology approaches we identify microbiome- and infection-induced changes in neutrophils. We focus on investigating the Prenylcysteine oxidase 1 like (Pcyox1l) protein function. Murine and human Pcyox1l proteins share ninety four percent aminoacid homology revealing significant evolutionary conservation and implicating Pcyox1l in mediating important biological functions. Here we show that the loss of Pcyox1l protein results in significant reductions in the mevalonate pathway impacting autophagy and cellular viability under homeostatic conditions. Concurrently, Pcyox1l CRISPRed-out neutrophils exhibit deficient bactericidal properties. Pcyox1l knock-out mice demonstrate significant susceptibility to infection with the gram-negative pathogen Psuedomonas aeruginosa exemplified through increased neutrophil infiltrates, hemorrhaging, and reduced bactericidal functionality. Cumulatively, we ascribe a function to Pcyox1l protein in modulation of the prenylation pathway and suggest connections beween metabolic responses and neutrophil functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Petenkova
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shelby A Auger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jeffrey Lamb
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Daisy Quellier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Cody Carter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - On Tak To
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jelena Milosevic
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Rana Barghout
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Abirami Kugadas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Raina Fichorova
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - David B Sykes
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Mark D Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Mihaela Gadjeva
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Harvard University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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7
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Wang W, Liu Y, Xiong L, Sun D, Wang H, Song Z, Li Y, Li H, Chen L. Synthesis of Lathyrol PROTACs and Evaluation of Their Anti-Inflammatory Activities. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:767-781. [PMID: 37002536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Lathyrol is a core scaffold structure of many lathyrane diterpenoids with potent anti-inflammatory activity isolated from Euphorbia lathyrism. It was chosen as a framework to design and synthesize a series of proteolysis targeting chimeras. A total of 15 derivatives were obtained. Compound 13 exhibited inhibitory activity on LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells (IC50 = 5.30 ± 1.23 μM) with low cytotoxicity. Furthermore, compound 13 significantly degraded v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homologue F (MAFF) protein, a target of lathyrane diterpenoid, concentration- and time-dependently. The mechanism of action of 13 is related to activating the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. It also inhibited the expression of NF-κB, blocked the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, and activated autophagy in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Based on the results obtained, compound 13 might be a promising anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Wang
- Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Liangliang Xiong
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dejuan Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhuorui Song
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yutong Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hua Li
- Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lixia Chen
- Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Marta C, Dawid W, Silvestre S, Pawel G, Salvatore P, Modliński JA, Pasqualino L. Mitochondrial function and intracellular distribution is severely affected in in vitro cultured mouse embryos. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16152. [PMID: 36167966 PMCID: PMC9515144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20374-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of mitochondrial dynamics have identified an intriguing link between energy supply balance and mitochondrial architecture. This suggests that inappropriate culture conditions might inhibit mitochondrial functions, and affect embryonic development. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine whether in vitro culture (IVC) might affect mitochondrial function, distribution, organization (by Mitotracker Green), gene expression on RNA level (by qPCR), and protein expression and localization (by western blot and immunostaining) involved in regulation of mitochondrial functions. Mitochondria in 2-cell IVC embryos were less numerous compare to IN VIVO while the localization and distribution do not differ between the groups. Mitochondria of in vivo blastocysts formed elongated network along the cells, while in IVC were fragmented, rounded, and aggregated mainly in the perinuclear region. Additionally, mitochondria of IN VIVO embryos moved back and forth along their long axis on radial tracks, while in IVC blastocysts were much less active. mtDNA copy number in IVC blastocysts (92,336.65 ± 5860.04) was significantly lower than that of IN VIVO (169,103.92 ± 16,322.41; P < 0.02) as well as lower protein expressions responsible for mitochondrial fusion was observed in IVC blastocysts. Results indicate that in vitro culture affect on perturbations in mitochondrial number and function, which is associated with decreased developmental competence of in vitro produced mouse embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Czernik Marta
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, ul. Postepu 36A, Poland. .,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, Teramo, Italy.
| | - Winiarczyk Dawid
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, ul. Postepu 36A, Poland
| | - Sampino Silvestre
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, ul. Postepu 36A, Poland
| | - Greda Pawel
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Parillo Salvatore
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, Teramo, Italy
| | - Jacek Andrzej Modliński
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, ul. Postepu 36A, Poland
| | - Loi Pasqualino
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, Teramo, Italy
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Woschitz V, Mei I, Hedlund E, Murray LM. Mouse models of SMA show divergent patterns of neuronal vulnerability and resilience. Skelet Muscle 2022; 12:22. [PMID: 36089582 PMCID: PMC9465884 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-022-00305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a form of motor neuron disease affecting primarily children characterised by the loss of lower motor neurons (MNs). Breakdown of the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) is an early pathological event in SMA. However, not all motor neurons are equally vulnerable, with some populations being lost early in the disease while others remain intact at the disease end-stage. A thorough understanding of the basis of this selective vulnerability will give critical insight into the factors which prohibit pathology in certain motor neuron populations and consequently help identify novel neuroprotective strategies. Methods To retrieve a comprehensive understanding of motor neuron susceptibility in SMA, we mapped NMJ pathology in 20 muscles from the Smn2B/- SMA mouse model and cross-compared these data with published data from three other commonly used mouse models. To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms regulating selective resilience and vulnerability, we analysed published RNA sequencing data acquired from differentially vulnerable motor neurons from two different SMA mouse models. Results In the Smn2B/- mouse model of SMA, we identified substantial NMJ loss in the muscles from the core, neck, proximal hind limbs and proximal forelimbs, with a marked reduction in denervation in the distal limbs and head. Motor neuron cell body loss was greater at T5 and T11 compared with L5. We subsequently show that although widespread denervation is observed in each SMA mouse model (with the notable exception of the Taiwanese model), all models have a distinct pattern of selective vulnerability. A comparison of previously published data sets reveals novel transcripts upregulated with a disease in selectively resistant motor neurons, including genes involved in axonal transport, RNA processing and mitochondrial bioenergetics. Conclusions Our work demonstrates that the Smn2B/- mouse model shows a pattern of selective vulnerability which bears resemblance to the regional pathology observed in SMA patients. We found drastic differences in patterns of selective vulnerability across the four SMA mouse models, which is critical to consider during experimental design. We also identified transcript groups that potentially contribute to the protection of certain motor neurons in SMA mouse models. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13395-022-00305-9.
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Ieni A, Pizzimenti C, Broggi G, Caltabiano R, Germanò A, Barbagallo G, Vigneri P, Giuffrè G, Tuccari G. Immunoexpression of p62/SQSTM1/Sequestosome‑1 in human primary and recurrent IDH1/2 wild‑type glioblastoma: A pilot study. Oncol Lett 2022; 24:336. [PMID: 36039055 PMCID: PMC9404704 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
p62/SQSTM1/Sequestosome-1 is an autophagic protein that serves a crucial role in cellular metabolism, proliferation and malignant growth. Notably, autophagy may influence the development and resistance to therapy of numerous types of human cancer. In the present pilot study, the immunohistochemical pattern of p62 was analyzed in a cohort of patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)1/2 wild-type glioblastoma (GBM), in primary and recurrent samples, in order to verify the concordance or discordance between the primary and recurrent tumors. In addition, the association between p62, and patient outcome and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) status was assessed. The results revealed p62 immunoexpression in the nucleus and cytoplasm of neoplastic elements in 45% of primary and 55% of recurrent cases of GBM. A discordant p62 immunoreactivity was detected in 35% of cases, with a variation either with positive or negative conversion of p62 status. Statistically, p62 expression and MGMT status exhibited a significant prognostic value by univariate analysis, whereas only MGMT promoter methylation status emerged as an independent prognostic factor by multivariate analysis. Finally, the most favorable prognosis was documented when the same GBM case was positively concordant for both p62 expression and MGMT methylated status. Since little data are available regarding the association between p62 expression and MGMT in GBM, further investigations may be required to determine if new targeted therapies may be addressed against autophagy-related proteins, such as p62.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ieni
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age ‘Gaetano Barresi’, Section of Pathology, University of Messina, I‑98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Pizzimenti
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, I‑98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Broggi
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies ‘G.F. Ingrassia’, Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies ‘G.F. Ingrassia’, Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonino Germanò
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, I‑98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Barbagallo
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies ‘G.F. Ingrassia’, Section of Neurological Surgery, Policlinico ‘Rodolico‑San Marco’ University Hospital, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Vigneri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania; 7Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico ‘G.Rodolico‑S.Marco’, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giuffrè
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age ‘Gaetano Barresi’, Section of Pathology, University of Messina, I‑98125 Messina
| | - Giovanni Tuccari
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age ‘Gaetano Barresi’, Section of Pathology, University of Messina, I‑98125 Messina
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11
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Behavioral Studies of p62 KO Animals with Implications of a Modulated Function of the Endocannabinoid System. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091517. [PMID: 35563822 PMCID: PMC9100981 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Elementary emotional states and memory can be regulated by the homeostasis of the endocannabinoid system (ECS). Links between the ECS and the autophagy receptor p62 have been found at the molecular level and in animal studies. This project aimed to validate the anxiety and memory phenotype of p62 knockout (KO) animals and whether the ECS plays a role in this. We examined the behavior of p62 KO animals and analyzed whether endocannabinoid levels are altered in the responsible brain areas. We discovered in age-dependent obese p62-KO mice decreased anandamide levels in the amygdala, a brain structure important for emotional responses. Against our expectation, p62 KO animals did not exhibit an anxiety phenotype, but showed slightly increased exploratory behavior as evidenced in novel object and further tests. In addition, KO animals exhibited decreased freezing responses in the fear conditioning. Administration of the phytocannabinoid delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) resulted in lesser effects on locomotion but in comparable hypothermic effects in p62 KO compared with WT littermates. Our results do not confirm previously published results, as our mouse line does not exhibit a drastic behavioral phenotype. Moreover, we identified further indications of a connection to the ECS and hence offer new perspectives for future investigations.
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12
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Kim HS, Park MY, Yun NJ, Go HS, Kim MY, Seong JK, Lee M, Kang ES, Ghim J, Ryu SH, Zabel BA, Koh A, Bae YS. Targeting PLD2 in adipocytes augments adaptive thermogenesis by improving mitochondrial quality and quantity in mice. J Exp Med 2022; 219:212939. [PMID: 34940790 PMCID: PMC8711045 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD)2 via its enzymatic activity regulates cell proliferation and migration and thus is implicated in cancer. However, the role of PLD2 in obesity and type 2 diabetes has not previously been investigated. Here, we show that during diet-induced thermogenesis and obesity, levels of PLD2 but not PLD1 in adipose tissue are inversely related with uncoupling protein 1, a key thermogenic protein. We demonstrate that the thermogenic program in adipose tissue is significantly augmented in mice with adipocyte-specific Pld2 deletion or treated with a PLD2-specific inhibitor and that these mice are resistant to high fat diet–induced obesity, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. Mechanistically, we show that Pld2 deletion in adipose tissue or PLD2 pharmacoinhibition acts via p62 to improve mitochondrial quality and quantity in adipocytes. Thus, PLD2 inhibition is an attractive therapeutic approach for obesity and type 2 diabetes by resolving defects in diet-induced thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Sik Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Joo Yun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Go
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Young Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seok Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewang Ghim
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Ryu
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Brian A Zabel
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Ara Koh
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoe-Sik Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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13
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Wen Y, Li S, Lu X, Xu R, Li C. Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Contacts: A Potential Therapy Target for Cardiovascular Remodeling-Associated Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:774989. [PMID: 34858991 PMCID: PMC8631538 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.774989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular remodeling occurs in cardiomyocytes, collagen meshes, and vascular beds in the progress of cardiac insufficiency caused by a variety of cardiac diseases such as chronic ischemic heart disease, chronic overload heart disease, myocarditis, and myocardial infarction. The morphological changes that occur as a result of remodeling are the critical pathological basis for the occurrence and development of serious diseases and also determine morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the inhibition of remodeling is an important approach to prevent and treat heart failure and other related diseases. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are tightly linked by ER-mitochondria contacts (ERMCs). ERMCs play a vital role in different signaling pathways and provide a satisfactory structural platform for the ER and mitochondria to interact and maintain the normal function of cells, mainly by involving various cellular life processes such as lipid metabolism, calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial function, ER stress, and autophagy. Studies have shown that abnormal ERMCs may promote the occurrence and development of remodeling and participate in the formation of a variety of cardiovascular remodeling-associated diseases. This review focuses on the structure and function of the ERMCs, and the potential mechanism of ERMCs involved in cardiovascular remodeling, indicating that ERMCs may be a potential target for new therapeutic strategies against cardiovascular remodeling-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xinrong Zhang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ya Wen
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Sixuan Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohui Lu
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Jinan Tianqiao People's Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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14
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Krishna S, Spaulding HR, Quindry TS, Hudson MB, Quindry JC, Selsby JT. Indices of Defective Autophagy in Whole Muscle and Lysosome Enriched Fractions From Aged D2-mdx Mice. Front Physiol 2021; 12:691245. [PMID: 34305644 PMCID: PMC8299564 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.691245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal, progressive muscle disease caused by the absence of functional dystrophin protein. Previous studies in mdx mice, a common DMD model, identified impaired autophagy with lysosomal insufficiency and impaired autophagosomal degradation as consequences of dystrophin deficiency. Thus, we hypothesized that lysosomal abundance would be decreased and degradation of autophagosomes would be impaired in muscles of D2-mdx mice. To test this hypothesis, diaphragm and gastrocnemius muscles from 11 month-old D2-mdx and DBA/2J (healthy) mice were collected. Whole muscle protein from diaphragm and gastrocnemius muscles, and protein from a cytosolic fraction (CF) and a lysosome-enriched fraction (LEF) from gastrocnemius muscles, were isolated and used for western blotting. Initiation of autophagy was not robustly activated in whole muscle protein from diaphragm and gastrocnemius, however, autophagosome formation markers were elevated in dystrophic muscles. Autophagosome degradation was impaired in D2-mdx diaphragms but appeared to be maintained in gastrocnemius muscles. To better understand this muscle-specific distinction, we investigated autophagic signaling in CFs and LEFs from gastrocnemius muscles. Within the LEF we discovered that the degradation of autophagosomes was similar between groups. Further, our data suggest an expanded, though impaired, lysosomal pool in dystrophic muscle. Notably, these data indicate a degree of muscle specificity as well as model specificity with regard to autophagic dysfunction in dystrophic muscles. Stimulation of autophagy in dystrophic muscles may hold promise for DMD patients as a potential therapeutic, however, it will be critical to choose the appropriate model and muscles that most closely recapitulate findings from human patients to further develop these therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathy Krishna
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Hannah R. Spaulding
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Tiffany S. Quindry
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Matthew B. Hudson
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - John C. Quindry
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Joshua T. Selsby
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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15
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Doblado L, Lueck C, Rey C, Samhan-Arias AK, Prieto I, Stacchiotti A, Monsalve M. Mitophagy in Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083903. [PMID: 33918863 PMCID: PMC8069949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is a selective autophagic process, essential for cellular homeostasis, that eliminates dysfunctional mitochondria. Activated by inner membrane depolarization, it plays an important role during development and is fundamental in highly differentiated post-mitotic cells that are highly dependent on aerobic metabolism, such as neurons, muscle cells, and hepatocytes. Both defective and excessive mitophagy have been proposed to contribute to age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, metabolic diseases, vascular complications of diabetes, myocardial injury, muscle dystrophy, and liver disease, among others. Pharmacological or dietary interventions that restore mitophagy homeostasis and facilitate the elimination of irreversibly damaged mitochondria, thus, could serve as potential therapies in several chronic diseases. However, despite extraordinary advances in this field, mainly derived from in vitro and preclinical animal models, human applications based on the regulation of mitochondrial quality in patients have not yet been approved. In this review, we summarize the key selective mitochondrial autophagy pathways and their role in prevalent chronic human diseases and highlight the potential use of specific interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Doblado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (C.L.); (C.R.)
| | - Claudia Lueck
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (C.L.); (C.R.)
| | - Claudia Rey
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (C.L.); (C.R.)
| | - Alejandro K. Samhan-Arias
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid e Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ignacio Prieto
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Isaac Peral 42, 28015 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alessandra Stacchiotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Universita’ Degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
- U.O. Laboratorio di Morfologia Umana Applicata, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Monsalve
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (C.L.); (C.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (M.M.)
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16
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Skeie JM, Nishimura DY, Wang CL, Schmidt GA, Aldrich BT, Greiner MA. Mitophagy: An Emerging Target in Ocular Pathology. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:22. [PMID: 33724294 PMCID: PMC7980050 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.3.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial function is essential for the viability of aerobic eukaryotic cells, as mitochondria provide energy through the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), regulate cellular metabolism, provide redox balancing, participate in immune signaling, and can initiate apoptosis. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that participate in a cyclical and ongoing process of regeneration and autophagy (clearance), termed mitophagy specifically for mitochondrial (macro)autophagy. An imbalance in mitochondrial function toward mitochondrial dysfunction can be catastrophic for cells and has been characterized in several common ophthalmic diseases. In this article, we review mitochondrial homeostasis in detail, focusing on the balance of mitochondrial dynamics including the processes of fission and fusion, and provide a description of the mechanisms involved in mitophagy. Furthermore, this article reviews investigations of ocular diseases with impaired mitophagy, including Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, primary open-angle glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration, as well as several primary mitochondrial diseases with ocular phenotypes that display impaired mitophagy, including mitochondrial encephalopathy lactic acidosis stroke, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, and chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia. The results of various studies using cell culture, animal, and human tissue models are presented and reflect a growing awareness of mitophagy impairment as an important feature of ophthalmic disease pathology. As this review indicates, it is imperative that mitophagy be investigated as a targetable mechanism in developing therapies for ocular diseases characterized by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Skeie
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.,Iowa Lions Eye Bank, Coralville, Iowa, United States
| | - Darryl Y Nishimura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.,Iowa Lions Eye Bank, Coralville, Iowa, United States
| | - Cheryl L Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | | | - Benjamin T Aldrich
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.,Iowa Lions Eye Bank, Coralville, Iowa, United States
| | - Mark A Greiner
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.,Iowa Lions Eye Bank, Coralville, Iowa, United States
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17
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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Lobar Degenerations: Similarities in Genetic Background. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11030509. [PMID: 33805659 PMCID: PMC7998502 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating, uniformly lethal progressive degenerative disorder of motor neurons that overlaps with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) clinically, morphologically, and genetically. Although many distinct mutations in various genes are known to cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, it remains poorly understood how they selectively impact motor neuron biology and whether they converge on common pathways to cause neuronal degeneration. Many of the gene mutations are in proteins that share similar functions. They can be grouped into those associated with cell axon dynamics and those associated with cellular phagocytic machinery, namely protein aggregation and metabolism, apoptosis, and intracellular nucleic acid transport. Analysis of pathways implicated by mutant ALS genes has provided new insights into the pathogenesis of both familial forms of ALS (fALS) and sporadic forms (sALS), although, regrettably, this has not yet yielded definitive treatments. Many genes play an important role, with TARDBP, SQSTM1, VCP, FUS, TBK1, CHCHD10, and most importantly, C9orf72 being critical genetic players in these neurological disorders. In this mini-review, we will focus on the molecular mechanisms of these two diseases.
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18
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Telegina DV, Kozhevnikova OS, Fursova AZ, Kolosova NG. Autophagy as a Target for the Retinoprotective Effects of the Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant SkQ1. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 85:1640-1649. [PMID: 33705301 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920120159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease, a main cause of vision loss in elderly people. The pathogenesis of dry AMD, the most common form of AMD (~ 80% cases), involves degenerative changes in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which are closely associated with the age-associated impairments in autophagy. Reversion of these degenerative changes is considered as a promising approach for the treatment of this incurable disease. The purpose of our study was to assess the relationship between previously identified retinoprotective effects of the mitochondrial antioxidant plastoquinonyl-decyl-triphenylphosphonium (SkQ1) and its influence on the autophagy process in senescence-accelerated OXYS rats characterized by the development of AMD-like retinopathy (Wistar rats were used as a control). The treatment with SkQ1 (250 nmol/kg body weight) during the period of active disease progression (from 12 to 18 months of age) completely prevented progression of clinical manifestations of retinopathy in the OXYS rats, suppressed atrophic changes in the RPE cells and activated autophagy in the retina, which was evidenced by a significant decrease in the content of the multifunctional adapter protein p62/Sqstm1 and increase in the level of the Beclin1 gene mRNA. In general, the results obtained earlier and in the present study have shown that SkQ1 is a promising agent for prevention and suppression of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Telegina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - O S Kozhevnikova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - A Zh Fursova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - N G Kolosova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia. .,Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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19
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Kourakis S, Timpani CA, de Haan JB, Gueven N, Fischer D, Rybalka E. Targeting Nrf2 for the treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Redox Biol 2021; 38:101803. [PMID: 33246292 PMCID: PMC7695875 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Imbalances in redox homeostasis can result in oxidative stress, which is implicated in various pathological conditions including the fatal neuromuscular disease Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). DMD is a complicated disease, with many druggable targets at the cellular and molecular level including calcium-mediated muscle degeneration; mitochondrial dysfunction; oxidative stress; inflammation; insufficient muscle regeneration and dysregulated protein and organelle maintenance. Previous investigative therapeutics tended to isolate and focus on just one of these targets and, consequently, therapeutic activity has been limited. Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that upregulates many cytoprotective gene products in response to oxidants and other toxic stressors. Unlike other strategies, targeted Nrf2 activation has the potential to simultaneously modulate separate pathological features of DMD to amplify therapeutic benefits. Here, we review the literature providing theoretical context for targeting Nrf2 as a disease modifying treatment against DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kourakis
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Cara A Timpani
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Victoria University, St Albans, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Judy B de Haan
- Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Basic Science Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Nuri Gueven
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Dirk Fischer
- Division of Developmental- and Neuropediatrics, University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Emma Rybalka
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Victoria University, St Albans, Victoria, Australia.
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20
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Yang X, Zhang R, Nakahira K, Gu Z. Mitochondrial DNA Mutation, Diseases, and Nutrient-Regulated Mitophagy. Annu Rev Nutr 2020; 39:201-226. [PMID: 31433742 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-082018-124643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A wide spectrum of human diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic disorders, have been shown to be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction through multiple molecular mechanisms. Mitochondria are particularly susceptible to nutrient deficiencies, and nutritional intervention is an essential way to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. Recent advances in genetic manipulation and next-generation sequencing reveal the crucial roles of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in various pathophysiological conditions. Mitophagy, a term coined to describe autophagy that targets dysfunctional mitochondria, has emerged as an important cellular process to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis and has been shown to be regulated by various nutrients and nutritional stresses. Given the high prevalence of mtDNA mutations in humans and their impact on mitochondrial function, it is important to investigate the mechanisms that regulate mtDNA mutation. Here, we discuss mitochondrial genetics and mtDNA mutations and their implications for human diseases. We also examine the role of mitophagy as a therapeutic target, highlighting how nutrients may eliminate mtDNA mutations through mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; , ,
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; , ,
| | - Kiichi Nakahira
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Zhenglong Gu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; , ,
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21
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Ibrahim O, Sutherland HG, Maksemous N, Smith R, Haupt LM, Griffiths LR. Exploring Neuronal Vulnerability to Head Trauma Using a Whole Exome Approach. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:1870-1879. [PMID: 32233732 PMCID: PMC7462038 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain injuries are associated with oxidative stress and a need to restore neuronal homeostasis. Mutations in ion channel genes, in particular CACNA1A, have been implicated in familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) and in the development of concussion-related symptoms in response to trivial head trauma. The aim of this study was to explore the potential role of variants in other ion channel genes in the development of such responses. We conducted whole exome sequencing (WES) on16 individuals who developed a range of neurological and concussion-related symptoms following minor or trivial head injuries. All individuals were initially tested and shown to be negative for mutations in known FHM genes. Variants identified from the WES results were filtered to identify rare variants (minor allele frequency [MAF] <0.01) in genes related to neural processes as well as genes highly expressed in the brain using a combination of in silico prediction tools (SIFT, PolyPhen, PredictSNP, Mutation Taster, and Mutation Assessor). Rare (MAF <0.001) or novel heterozygous variants in 7 ion channel genes were identified in 37.5% (6/16) of the cases (CACNA1I, CACNA1C, ATP10A, ATP7B, KCNAB1, KCNJ10, and SLC26A4), rare variants in neurotransmitter genes were found in 2 cases (GABRG1 and GRIK1), and rare variants in 3 ubiquitin-related genes identified in 4 cases (SQSTM1, TRIM2, and HECTD1). In this study, the largest proportion of potentially pathogenic variants in individuals with severe responses to minor head trauma were identified in genes previously implicated in migraine and seizure-related autosomal recessive neurological disorders. Together with results implicating variants in the hemiplegic migraine genes, CACNA1A and ATP1A2, in severe head trauma response, our results support a role for heterozygous deleterious mutations in genes implicated in neurological dysfunction and potentially increasing the risk of poor response to trivial head trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ibrahim
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Heidi G Sutherland
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Neven Maksemous
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert Smith
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Larisa M Haupt
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lyn R Griffiths
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
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22
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Solomon DA, Mitchell JC, Salcher-Konrad MT, Vance CA, Mizielinska S. Review: Modelling the pathology and behaviour of frontotemporal dementia. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2020; 45:58-80. [PMID: 30582188 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) encompasses a collection of clinically and pathologically diverse neurological disorders. Clinical features of behavioural and language dysfunction are associated with neurodegeneration, predominantly of frontal and temporal cortices. Over the past decade, there have been significant advances in the understanding of the genetic aetiology and neuropathology of FTD which have led to the creation of various disease models to investigate the molecular pathways that contribute to disease pathogenesis. The generation of in vivo models of FTD involves either targeting genes with known disease-causative mutations such as GRN and C9orf72 or genes encoding proteins that form the inclusions that characterize the disease pathologically, such as TDP-43 and FUS. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the different in vivo model systems used to understand pathomechanisms in FTD, with a focus on disease models which reproduce aspects of the wide-ranging behavioural phenotypes seen in people with FTD. We discuss the emerging disease pathways that have emerged from these in vivo models and how this has shaped our understanding of disease mechanisms underpinning FTD. We also discuss the challenges of modelling the complex clinical symptoms shown by people with FTD, the confounding overlap with features of motor neuron disease, and the drive to make models more disease-relevant. In summary, in vivo models can replicate many pathological and behavioural aspects of clinical FTD, but robust and thorough investigations utilizing shared features and variability between disease models will improve the disease-relevance of findings and thus better inform therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Solomon
- UK Dementia Research Institute, King's College London, London, Camberwell, UK.,Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, Camberwell, UK
| | - J C Mitchell
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, Camberwell, UK
| | - M-T Salcher-Konrad
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, Camberwell, UK
| | - C A Vance
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, Camberwell, UK
| | - S Mizielinska
- UK Dementia Research Institute, King's College London, London, Camberwell, UK.,Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, Camberwell, UK
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23
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Ma Y, Zhu S, Lv T, Gu X, Feng H, Zhen J, Xin W, Wan Q. SQSTM1/p62 Controls mtDNA Expression and Participates in Mitochondrial Energetic Adaption via MRPL12. iScience 2020; 23:101428. [PMID: 32805647 PMCID: PMC7452302 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes thirteen core components of OXPHOS complexes, and its steady expression is crucial for cellular energy homeostasis. However, the regulation of mtDNA expression machinery, along with its sensing mechanism to energetic stresses, is not fully understood. Here, we identified SQSTM1/p62 as an important regulator of mtDNA expression machinery, which could effectively induce mtDNA expression and the effects were mediated by p38-dependent upregulation of mitochondrial ribosomal protein L12 (MRPL12) in renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs), a highly energy-demanding cell type related to OXPHOS. We further identified a direct binding site within the MRPL12 promoter to ATF2, the downstream effector of p38. Besides, SQSTM1/p62-induced mtDNA expression is involved in both serum deprivation and hypoxia-induced mitochondrial response, which was further highlighted by kidney injury phenotype of TECs-specific SQSTM1/p62 knockout mice. Collectively, these data suggest that SQSTM1/p62 is a key regulator and energetic sensor of mtDNA expression machinery. SQSTM1/p62 is an important regulator of mtDNA expression machinery SQSTM1/p62 induces MRPL12 expression via activating p38/ATF2 signaling pathway SQSTM1/p62 maintains TECs mitochondrial homeostasis and kidney function
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ma
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Suwei Zhu
- School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Tingting Lv
- School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xia Gu
- School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hong Feng
- Cancer Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Junhui Zhen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wei Xin
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Department of Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Qiang Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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24
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Bento-Pereira C, Dinkova-Kostova AT. Activation of transcription factor Nrf2 to counteract mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:785-802. [PMID: 32681666 DOI: 10.1002/med.21714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, for which no disease-modifying therapies are available to date. Although understanding of the precise aetiology of PD is incomplete, it is clear that age, genetic predisposition and environmental stressors increase the risk. At the cellular level, oxidative stress, chronic neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and aberrant protein aggregation have been implicated as contributing factors. These detrimental processes are counteracted by elaborate networks of cellular defence mechanisms, one of which is orchestrated by transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2; gene name NFE2L2). A wealth of preclinical evidence suggests that Nrf2 activation is beneficial in cellular and animal models of PD. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction in PD, the role of Nrf2 in mitochondrial function and explore the potential of Nrf2 as a therapeutic target for mitochondrial dysfunction in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bento-Pereira
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK.,Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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25
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Shrishrimal S, Chatterjee A, Kosmacek EA, Davis PJ, McDonald JT, Oberley-Deegan RE. Manganese porphyrin, MnTE-2-PyP, treatment protects the prostate from radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) by activating the NRF2 signaling pathway and enhancing SOD2 and sirtuin activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:255-270. [PMID: 32222469 PMCID: PMC7276298 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a frequently used treatment for prostate cancer patients. Manganese (III) meso-tetrakis (N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl) porphyrin (MnTE-2-PyP or T2E or BMX-010) and other similar manganese porphyrin compounds that scavenge superoxide molecules have been demonstrated to be effective radioprotectors and prevent the development of radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF). However, understanding the molecular pathway changes associated with these compounds remains limited for radioprotection. Recent RNA-sequencing data from our laboratory revealed that MnTE-2-PyP treatment activated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) signaling pathway. Therefore, we hypothesize that MnTE-2-PyP protects the prostate from RIF by activating the NRF2 signaling pathway. We identified that MnTE-2-PyP is a post-translational activator of NRF2 signaling in prostate fibroblast cells, which plays a major role in fibroblast activation and myofibroblast differentiation. The mechanism of NRF2 activation involves an increase in hydrogen peroxide and a corresponding decrease in kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) levels. Activation of NRF2 signaling leads to an increase in expression of NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 (NQO1), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels, sirtuin activity (nuclear and mitochondrial), and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression/activity. Increase in mitochondrial sirtuin activity correlates with a decrease in SOD2 (K122) acetylation. This decrease in SOD2 K122 acetylation correlates with an increase in SOD2 activity and mitochondrial superoxide scavenging capacity. Further, in human primary prostate fibroblast cells, the NRF2 pathway plays a major role in the fibroblast to myofibroblast transformation, which is responsible for the fibrotic phenotype. In the context of radiation protection, MnTE-2-PyP fails to prevent fibroblast to myofibroblast transformation in the absence of NRF2 signaling. Collectively, our results indicate that the activation of the NRF2 signaling pathway by MnTE-2-PyP is at least a partial mechanism of radioprotection in prostate fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Shrishrimal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Arpita Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Kosmacek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | | | - J Tyson McDonald
- Department of Physics, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, 23668, USA
| | - Rebecca E Oberley-Deegan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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26
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Synergies in exosomes and autophagy pathways for cellular homeostasis and metastasis of tumor cells. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:64. [PMID: 32426106 PMCID: PMC7218515 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00426-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eukaryotic cells demonstrate two tightly linked vesicular transport systems, comprising intracellular vesicle transport and extracellular vesicle transport system. Intracellular transport vesicles can translocate biomolecules between compartments inside the cell, for example, proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. Whereas, the secreted vesicles so-called extracellular vesicles facilitate the transport of biomolecules, for example, nucleic acids, proteins and lipids between cells. Vesicles can be formed during the process of endocytosis or/and autophagy and not only act as mediators of intra- and inter-cellular communication but also represent pathological conditions of cells or tissues. Methods In this review, we searched articles in PubMed, published between 2000 and 2020, with following terms: autophagy, autophagocytosis, transport vesicles, lysosomes, endosomes, exocytosis, exosomes, alone or in different combinations. The biological functions that were selected based on relevancy to our topic include cellular homeostasis and tumorigenesis. Results The searched literature shows that there is a high degree of synergies between exosome biogenesis and autophagy, which encompass endocytosis and endosomes, lysosomes, exocytosis and exosomes, autophagocytosis, autophagosomes and amphisomes. These transport systems not only maintain cellular homeostasis but also operate synergically against fluctuations in the external and internal environment such as during tumorigenesis and metastasis. Additionally, exosomal and autophagic proteins may serve as cancer diagnosis approaches. Conclusion Exosomal and autophagy pathways play pivotal roles in homeostasis and metastasis of tumor cells. Understanding the crosstalk between endomembrane organelles and vesicular trafficking may expand our insight into cooperative functions of exosomal and autophagy pathways during disease progression and may help to develop effective therapies against lysosomal diseases including cancers and beyond.
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27
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Yan XY, Qu XZ, Xu L, Yu SH, Tian R, Zhong XR, Sun LK, Su J. Insight into the role of p62 in the cisplatin resistant mechanisms of ovarian cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:128. [PMID: 32322174 PMCID: PMC7164250 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01196-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a platinum-based first-line drug for treating ovarian cancer. However, chemotherapy tolerance has limited the efficacy of cisplatin for ovarian cancer patients. Research has demonstrated that cisplatin causes changes in cell survival and death signaling pathways through its interaction with macromolecules and organelles, which indicates that investigation into the DNA off-target effects of cisplatin may provide critical insights into the mechanisms underlying drug resistance. The multifunctional protein p62 works as a signaling hub in the regulation of pro-survival transcriptional factors NF-κB and Nrf2 and connects autophagy and apoptotic signals, which play important roles in maintaining cell homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the role of p62 in cisplatin resistance by exploring p62-associated signaling pathways based on current studies and our work. Insights into these resistance mechanisms may lead to more effective therapeutic strategies for ovarian cancer by targeting p62.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Yan
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Xian-Zhi Qu
- 2Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China
| | - Long Xu
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Si-Hang Yu
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Rui Tian
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Xin-Ru Zhong
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Lian-Kun Sun
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Jing Su
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 China
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28
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Ramesh M, Campos JC, Lee P, Song Y, Hernandez G, Sin J, Tucker KC, Saadaeijahromi H, Gurney M, Ferreira JCB, Andres AM. Mitophagy protects against statin-mediated skeletal muscle toxicity. FASEB J 2019; 33:11857-11869. [PMID: 31365836 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900807rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The deleterious effects of statins on skeletal muscle are well known, but the mechanism associated with these effects remains unresolved. Statins are associated with mitochondrial damage, which may contribute to muscle myopathy. Here we demonstrate that simvastatin induces mitophagy in skeletal muscle cells and hypothesized that attenuating this process by silencing the mitophagy adapter p62/sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1) might mitigate myotoxicity. Surprisingly, silencing p62/SQSTM1 in differentiated C2C12 muscle cells exacerbated rather than attenuated myotoxicity. This inhibition of mitophagy in the face of statin challenge correlated with increased release of cytochrome c to the cytosol, activation of caspase-3, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Correspondingly, targeted knockdown of Parkin, a canonical E3 ubiquitin ligase important for mitophagy, mirrored the effects of p62/SQSTM1 silencing. To corroborate these findings in vivo, we treated Parkin knockout mice with simvastatin for 2 wk. In line with our findings in vitro, these mitophagy-compromised mice displayed reduced spontaneous activity, loss of grip strength, and increased circulating levels of muscle damage marker LDH. Our findings demonstrate that mitophagy is an important mechanism to resist statin-induced skeletal muscle damage.-Ramesh, M., Campos, J. C., Lee, P., Song, Y., Hernandez, G., Sin, J., Tucker, K. C., Saadaeijahromi, H., Gurney, M., Ferreira, J. C. B., Andres, A. M. Mitophagy protects against statin-mediated skeletal muscle toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridula Ramesh
- Donald P. Shiley BioScience Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Juliane C Campos
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pamela Lee
- Donald P. Shiley BioScience Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Yang Song
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Genaro Hernandez
- Donald P. Shiley BioScience Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jon Sin
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kyle C Tucker
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Michael Gurney
- Donald P. Shiley BioScience Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Julio C B Ferreira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Allen M Andres
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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29
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The Role of Nrf2 in the Antioxidant Cellular Response to Medical Ozone Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20164009. [PMID: 31426459 PMCID: PMC6720777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is a natural, highly unstable atmospheric gas that rapidly decomposes to oxygen. Although not being a radical molecule, O3 is a very strong oxidant and therefore it is potentially toxic for living organisms. However, scientific evidence proved that the effects of O3 exposure are dose-dependent: high dosages stimulate severe oxidative stress resulting in inflammatory response and tissue injury, whereas low O3 concentrations induce a moderate oxidative eustress activating antioxidant pathways. These properties make O3 a powerful medical tool, which can be used as either a disinfectant or an adjuvant agent in the therapy of numerous diseases. In this paper, the cellular mechanisms involved in the antioxidant response to O3 exposure will be reviewed with special reference to the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its role in the efficacy of ozone therapy.
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30
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Martinez-Arroyo O, Gruevska A, Victor VM, González-Polo RA, Yakhine-Diop SM, Fuentes JM, Esplugues JV, Blas-Garcia A, Apostolova N. Mitophagy in human astrocytes treated with the antiretroviral drug Efavirenz: Lack of evidence or evidence of the lack. Antiviral Res 2019; 168:36-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Xie M, Jiang L, Dun Y, Zhang W, Liu S. Trimetazidine combined with exercise improves exercise capacity and anti-fatal stress ability through enhancing mitochondrial quality control. Life Sci 2019; 224:157-168. [PMID: 30872179 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the effects of trimetazidine combined with exercise on EC and anti-fatal stress ability, and illustrate the underlying mechanism. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 11 in each group): the control, exercise, trimetazidine and trimetazidine + exercise (TE) groups. Mice were accordingly given saline (ig), Aerobic exercise (AE), trimetazidine (ig), or a combination of trimetazidine (ig) and AE for five weeks. After the intervention, each group was randomly subdivided into rest and exhaustive exercise (EE) subgroups. The mice in the control-EE and TE-EE subgroups underwent fatal stress experiments. EC and anti-fatal stress ability were assessed respectively. Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) in skeletal muscle were measured at the protein level and the organelle level. KEY FINDINGS A significantly increased exhaustive swimming time was observed in exercise (39.10 ± 12.58 min vs 14.18 ± 4.37 min), trimetazidine (33.73 ± 8.45 min vs 14.18 ± 4.37 min) and TE groups (73.78 ± 18.95 min vs 14.18 ± 4.37 min) compared with that in the control group, and a synergistic effect was detected (P < 0.05). Fatal stress experiments successfully induced skeletal muscle damage, including increased creatine kinase activity, myofibrosis, and impaired antioxidative enzyme system, all those were significantly alleviated by trimetazidine supplementation combined with AE precondition (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, AE and trimetazidine alone or combined, significantly enhanced the MQC in normal mice by activating mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics and mitophagy, and that in mice underwent fatal stress stimulus (P < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE This study for the first time found that trimetazidine and AE have synergistic effects on improving EC. Moreover, the combination of both interventions enhances anti-fatal stress ability. Enhancing MQC may be a key mechanism of AE combined with trimetazidine that improves EC and anti-fatal stress ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murong Xie
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, Department of Rehabilitation, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Lingjun Jiang
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, Department of Rehabilitation, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yaoshan Dun
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, Department of Rehabilitation, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wenliang Zhang
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, Department of Rehabilitation, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Suixin Liu
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, Department of Rehabilitation, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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32
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Walczak J, Dębska-Vielhaber G, Vielhaber S, Szymański J, Charzyńska A, Duszyński J, Szczepanowska J. Distinction of sporadic and familial forms of ALS based on mitochondrial characteristics. FASEB J 2018; 33:4388-4403. [PMID: 30550341 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801843r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioenergetic failure, oxidative stress, and changes in mitochondrial morphology are common pathologic hallmarks of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in several cellular and animal models. Disturbed mitochondrial physiology has serious consequences for proper functioning of the cell, leading to the chronic mitochondrial stress. Mitochondria, being in the center of cellular metabolism, play a pivotal role in adaptation to stress conditions. We found that mitochondrial dysfunction and adaptation processes differ in primary fibroblasts derived from patients diagnosed with either sporadic or familial forms of ALS. The evaluation of mitochondrial parameters such as the mitochondrial membrane potential, the oxygen consumption rate, the activity and levels of respiratory chain complexes, and the levels of ATP, reactive oxygen species, and Ca2+ show that the bioenergetic properties of mitochondria are different in sporadic ALS, familial ALS, and control groups. Comparative statistical analysis of the data set (with use of principal component analysis and support vector machine) identifies and distinguishes 3 separate groups despite the small number of investigated cell lines and high variability in measured parameters. These findings could be a first step in development of a new tool for predicting sporadic and familial forms of ALS and could contribute to knowledge of its pathophysiology.-Walczak, J., Dębska-Vielhaber, G., Vielhaber, S., Szymański, J., Charzyńska, A., Duszyński, J., Szczepanowska, J. Distinction of sporadic and familial forms of ALS based on mitochondrial characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Walczak
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Stefan Vielhaber
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; and
| | - Jędrzej Szymański
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Charzyńska
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Duszyński
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Szczepanowska
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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33
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Loss of the selective autophagy receptor p62 impairs murine myeloid leukemia progression and mitophagy. Blood 2018; 133:168-179. [PMID: 30498063 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-02-833475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy maintains hematopoietic stem cell integrity and prevents malignant transformation. In addition to bulk degradation, selective autophagy serves as an intracellular quality control mechanism and requires autophagy receptors, such as p62 (SQSTM1), to specifically bridge the ubiquitinated cargos into autophagosomes. Here, we investigated the function of p62 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in vitro and in murine in vivo models of AML. Loss of p62 impaired expansion and colony-forming ability of leukemia cells and prolonged latency of leukemia development in mice. High p62 expression was associated with poor prognosis in human AML. Using quantitative mass spectrometry, we identified enrichment of mitochondrial proteins upon immunoprecipitation of p62. Loss of p62 significantly delayed removal of dysfunctional mitochondria, increased mitochondrial superoxide levels, and impaired mitochondrial respiration. Moreover, we demonstrated that the autophagy-dependent function of p62 is essential for cell growth and effective mitochondrial degradation by mitophagy. Our results highlight the prominent role of selective autophagy in leukemia progression, and specifically, the importance of mitophagy to maintain mitochondrial integrity.
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Hassanpour M, Rezabakhsh A, Pezeshkian M, Rahbarghazi R, Nouri M. Distinct role of autophagy on angiogenesis: highlights on the effect of autophagy in endothelial lineage and progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:305. [PMID: 30409213 PMCID: PMC6225658 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a critical role in the dynamic growth of each cell through different conditions. It seems that this intracellular mechanism acts as a two-edged sword against the numerous cell insults. Previously, autophagy was described in the context of cell activity and behavior, but little knowledge exists related to the role of autophagy in endothelial cells, progenitors, and stem cells biology from different tissues. Angiogenic behavior of endothelial lineage and various stem cells are touted as an inevitable feature in the restoration of different damaged tissues and organs. This capacity was found to be dictated by autophagy signaling pathway. This review article highlights the fundamental role of cell autophagic response in endothelial cells function, stem cells dynamic, and differentiation rate. It seems that elucidation of the mechanisms related to pro- and/or anti-angiogenic potential of autophagy inside endothelial cells and stem cells could help us to modulate stem cell therapeutic feature post-transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hassanpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza St., Golgasht St., Tabriz, 5166614756 Iran
- Stem Cell And Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aysa Rezabakhsh
- Emergency Medicine Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoud Pezeshkian
- Department of Applied Drug Research, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza St., Golgasht St., Tabriz, 5166614756 Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza St., Golgasht St., Tabriz, 5166614756 Iran
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Sánchez-Martín P, Komatsu M. p62/SQSTM1 - steering the cell through health and disease. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:131/21/jcs222836. [PMID: 30397181 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.222836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SQSTM1 (also known as p62) is a multifunctional stress-inducible scaffold protein involved in diverse cellular processes. Its functions are tightly regulated through an extensive pattern of post-translational modifications, and include the isolation of cargos degraded by autophagy, induction of the antioxidant response by the Keap1-Nrf2 system, as well as the regulation of endosomal trafficking, apoptosis and inflammation. Accordingly, malfunction of SQSTM1 is associated with a wide range of diseases, including bone and muscle disorders, neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases, and multiple forms of cancer. In this Review, we summarize current knowledge regarding regulation, post-translational modifications and functions of SQSTM1, as well as how they are dysregulated in various pathogenic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sánchez-Martín
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Masaaki Komatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan .,Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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Ryoo IG, Kwak MK. Regulatory crosstalk between the oxidative stress-related transcription factor Nfe2l2/Nrf2 and mitochondria. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 359:24-33. [PMID: 30236989 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play essential roles in cellular bioenergetics, biosynthesis, and apoptosis. During the process of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondria utilize oxygen to generate ATP, and at the same time, there is an inevitable generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). As excess ROS create oxidative stress and damage cells, the proper function of the antioxidant defense system is critical for eukaryotic cell survival under aerobic conditions. Nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2 (Nfe2l2/Nrf2) is a master transcription factor for regulating basal as well as inducible expression of multiple antioxidant proteins. Nrf2 has been involved in maintaining mitochondrial redox homeostasis by providing reduced forms of glutathione (GSH); the reducing cofactor NADPH; and mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes such as GSH peroxidase 1, superoxide dismutase 2, and peroxiredoxin 3/5. In addition, recent research advances suggest that Nrf2 contributes to mitochondrial regulation through more divergent intermolecular linkages. Nrf2 has been positively associated with mitochondrial biogenesis through the direct upregulation of mitochondrial transcription factors and is involved in the mitochondrial quality control system through mitophagy activation. Moreover, several mitochondrial proteins participate in regulating Nrf2 to form a reciprocal regulatory loop between mitochondria and Nrf2. Additionally, Nrf2 modulation in cancer cells leads to changes in the mitochondrial respiration system and cancer bioenergetics that overall affect cancer metabolism. In this review, we describe recent experimental observations on the relationship between Nrf2 and mitochondria, and further discuss the effects of Nrf2 on cancer mitochondria and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Geun Ryoo
- Integrated Research Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon 14662, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyoung Kwak
- Integrated Research Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon 14662, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea.
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Weil R, Laplantine E, Curic S, Génin P. Role of Optineurin in the Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Potential Implications in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cancer. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1243. [PMID: 29971063 PMCID: PMC6018216 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Optineurin (Optn) is a 577 aa protein encoded by the Optn gene. Mutations of Optn are associated with normal tension glaucoma and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and its gene has also been linked to the development of Paget’s disease of bone and Crohn’s disease. Optn is involved in diverse cellular functions, including NF-κB regulation, membrane trafficking, exocytosis, vesicle transport, reorganization of actin and microtubules, cell cycle control, and autophagy. Besides its role in xenophagy and autophagy of aggregates, Optn has been identified as a primary autophagy receptor, among the five adaptors that translocate to mitochondria during mitophagy. Mitophagy is a selective macroautophagy process during which irreparable mitochondria are degraded, preventing accumulation of defective mitochondria and limiting the release of reactive oxygen species and proapoptotic factors. Mitochondrial quality control via mitophagy is central to the health of cells. One of the important surveillance pathways of mitochondrial health is the recently defined signal transduction pathway involving the mitochondrial PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) protein and the cytosolic RING-between-RING ubiquitin ligase Parkin. Both of these proteins, when mutated, have been identified in certain forms of Parkinson’s disease. By targeting ubiquitinated mitochondria to autophagosomes through its association with autophagy related proteins, Optn is responsible for a critical step in mitophagy. This review reports recent discoveries on the role of Optn in mitophagy and provides insight into its link with neurodegenerative diseases. We will also discuss the involvement of Optn in other pathologies in which mitophagy dysfunctions are involved including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Weil
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pathogenesis, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Laplantine
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pathogenesis, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
| | - Shannel Curic
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pathogenesis, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Génin
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pathogenesis, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
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Icariside II alleviates oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation-induced PC12 cell oxidative injury by activating Nrf2/SIRT3 signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:9-17. [PMID: 29635133 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a key contributing factor to the pathogenic mechanisms involved in ischemic stroke. The present study was designed to explore the effects of icariside II (ICS II) on oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced PC12 cell oxidative injury. The results showed that ICS II ameliorated OGD/R-induced PC12 cell injury at the concentrations of 12.5, 25, and 50 μM, as evidenced by both the increase of cell viability and the decrease of LDH leakage from 33.96% ± 0.48% to 16.78% ± 0.78%, 13.12% ± 0.17%, 12.96% ± 0.10%, respectively. Moreover, ICS II not only attenuated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) from 212.2% ± 5.45%, 168.6% ± 5.29%, 148.7% ± 9.37%, 142.7% ± 7.76%, respectively, but also decreased the overproduction of mitochondrial ROS, as well as recovered the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) from 60.68% ± 7.90% to 76.71% ± 2.87%, 93.69% ± 4.41%, 95.92% ± 3.97%, respectively. Furthermore, OGD/R accelerated neuronal oxidative injury and apoptosis along with reduced nucleus-Nrf2, NQO-1, HO-1, Bcl-2 protein expressions, and increased Keap1, Bax and cleaved caspase-3 contents, whereas ICS II significantly reversed the abovementioned changes. Interestingly, ICS II also restrained the OGD/R-induced decrease in SIRT3 and IDH2 expressions. In conclusion, this study indicates that ICS II alleviates OGD/R-induced oxidative injury in PC12 cells, and its underlying mechanisms are due to the regulation of Nrf2/SIRT3 signaling pathway.
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Inhibition of stress-inducible HSP70 impairs mitochondrial proteostasis and function. Oncotarget 2018; 8:45656-45669. [PMID: 28484090 PMCID: PMC5542216 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein quality control is an important component of survival for all cells. The use of proteasome inhibitors for cancer therapy derives from the fact that tumor cells generally exhibit greater levels of proteotoxic stress than do normal cells, and thus cancer cells tend to be more sensitive to proteasome inhibition. However, this approach has been limited in some cases by toxicity to normal cells. Recently, the concept of inhibiting proteostasis in organelles for cancer therapy has been advanced, in part because it is predicted to have reduced toxicity for normal cells. Here we demonstrate that a fraction of the major stress-induced chaperone HSP70 (also called HSPA1A or HSP72, but hereafter HSP70) is abundantly present in mitochondria of tumor cells, but is expressed at quite low or undetectable levels in mitochondria of most normal tissues and non-tumor cell lines. We show that treatment of tumor cells with HSP70 inhibitors causes a marked change in mitochondrial protein quality control, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, reduced oxygen consumption rate, and loss of ATP production. We identify several nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins, including polyadenylate binding protein-1 (PABPC1), which exhibit decreased abundance in mitochondria following treatment with HSP70 inhibitors. We also show that targeting HSP70 function leads to reduced levels of several mitochondrial-encoded RNA species that encode components of the electron transport chain. Our data indicate that small molecule inhibitors of HSP70 represent a new class of organelle proteostasis inhibitors that impair mitochondrial function in cancer cells, and therefore constitute novel therapeutics.
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P62/SQSTM1 is a novel leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) substrate that enhances neuronal toxicity. Biochem J 2018. [PMID: 29519959 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal-dominant, missense mutations in the leucine-rich repeat protein kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are the most common genetic predisposition to develop Parkinson's disease (PD). LRRK2 kinase activity is increased in several pathogenic mutations (N1437H, R1441C/G/H, Y1699C, G2019S), implicating hyperphosphorylation of a substrate in the pathogenesis of the disease. Identification of the downstream targets of LRRK2 is a crucial endeavor in the field to understand LRRK2 pathway dysfunction in the disease. We have identified the signaling adapter protein p62/SQSTM1 as a novel endogenous interacting partner and a substrate of LRRK2. Using mass spectrometry and phospho-specific antibodies, we found that LRRK2 phosphorylates p62 on Thr138 in vitro and in cells. We found that the pathogenic LRRK2 PD-associated mutations (N1437H, R1441C/G/H, Y1699C, G2019S) increase phosphorylation of p62 similar to previously reported substrate Rab proteins. Notably, we found that the pathogenic I2020T mutation and the risk factor mutation G2385R displayed decreased phosphorylation of p62. p62 phosphorylation by LRRK2 is blocked by treatment with selective LRRK2 inhibitors in cells. We also found that the amino-terminus of LRRK2 is crucial for optimal phosphorylation of Rab7L1 and p62 in cells. LRRK2 phosphorylation of Thr138 is dependent on a p62 functional ubiquitin-binding domain at its carboxy-terminus. Co-expression of p62 with LRRK2 G2019S increases the neurotoxicity of this mutation in a manner dependent on Thr138. p62 is an additional novel substrate of LRRK2 that regulates its toxic biology, reveals novel signaling nodes and can be used as a pharmacodynamic marker for LRRK2 kinase activity.
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Garcia S, Nissanka N, Mareco EA, Rossi S, Peralta S, Diaz F, Rotundo RL, Carvalho RF, Moraes CT. Overexpression of PGC-1α in aging muscle enhances a subset of young-like molecular patterns. Aging Cell 2018; 17. [PMID: 29427317 PMCID: PMC5847875 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PGC‐1α is a transcriptional co‐activator known as the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. Its control of metabolism has been suggested to exert critical influence in the aging process. We have aged mice overexpressing PGC‐1α in skeletal muscle to determine whether the transcriptional changes reflected a pattern of expression observed in younger muscle. Analyses of muscle proteins showed that Pax7 and several autophagy markers were increased. In general, the steady‐state levels of several muscle proteins resembled that of muscle from young mice. Age‐related mtDNA deletion levels were not increased by the PGC‐1α‐associated increase in mitochondrial biogenesis. Accordingly, age‐related changes in the neuromuscular junction were minimized by PGC‐1α overexpression. RNA‐Seq showed that several genes overexpressed in the aged PGC‐1α transgenic are expressed at higher levels in young when compared to aged skeletal muscle. As expected, there was increased expression of genes associated with energy metabolism but also of pathways associated with muscle integrity and regeneration. We also found that PGC‐1α overexpression had a mild but significant effect on longevity. Taken together, overexpression of PGC‐1α in aged muscle led to molecular changes that resemble the patterns observed in skeletal muscle from younger mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Garcia
- Department of Neurology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
| | - Nadee Nissanka
- Neuroscience Graduate Program; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
| | - Edson A. Mareco
- Graduate Program in Environment and Regional Development; University of Western São Paulo; Presidente Prudente Brazil
| | - Susana Rossi
- Department of Cell Biology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
| | - Susana Peralta
- Department of Neurology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
| | - Francisca Diaz
- Department of Neurology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
| | - Richard L. Rotundo
- Neuroscience Graduate Program; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
- Department of Cell Biology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
| | - Robson F. Carvalho
- Institute of Biosciences; São Paulo State University (UNESP); Botucatu Brazil
| | - Carlos T. Moraes
- Department of Neurology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
- Department of Cell Biology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
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Autophagy Biomarkers Beclin 1 and p62 are Increased in Cerebrospinal Fluid after Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurocrit Care 2018; 26:348-355. [PMID: 28000126 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-016-0351-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy is a process that recycles damaged proteins and organelles. Beclin 1 is involved in the nucleation phase, while p62 is consumed during the elongation phase. We hypothesized that these autophagy biomarkers are increased in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children and associated with unfavorable outcome. METHODS Thirty children with severe TBI had CSF collected on days 1, 3, and 7. Patients without TBI or meningoencephalitis served as controls. Beclin 1 and p62 were measured by ELISA. Outcome was assigned 6 months after injury (Glasgow Outcome Scale score; GOS). RESULTS Mean and peak CSF beclin 1 and p62 levels were increased compared to controls (P < 0.05). Peak p62 levels were higher in patients with unfavorable versus favorable outcome (0.79 ± 1.03 vs. 0.17 ± 0.54 ng/ml, respectively; mean ± SD, P = 0.002) and were independently associated with outcome when controlling for age and initial Glasgow Coma Scale score (P = 0.019; AUC 0.88, 95% CI 0.76, 1.00). CONCLUSIONS Beclin 1 and p62 are increased in CSF after TBI, suggesting increased autophagy with impairment of, and/or exceeding the capacity for, autophagic flux. The association of increased p62 with unfavorable outcome suggests that autophagy in excess of the capacity to clear degradation products may be deleterious after TBI.
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Wolters JEJ, van Breda SGJ, Grossmann J, Fortes C, Caiment F, Kleinjans JCS. Integrated 'omics analysis reveals new drug-induced mitochondrial perturbations in human hepatocytes. Toxicol Lett 2018; 289:1-13. [PMID: 29501571 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We performed a multiple 'omics study by integrating data on epigenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic perturbations associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in primary human hepatocytes caused by the liver toxicant valproic acid (VPA), to deeper understand downstream events following epigenetic alterations in the mitochondrial genome. Furthermore, we investigated persistence of cross-omics changes after terminating drug treatment. Upon transient methylation changes of mitochondrial genes during VPA-treatment, increasing complexities of gene-interaction networks across time were demonstrated, which normalized during washout. Furthermore, co-expression between genes and their corresponding proteins increased across time. Additionally, in relation to persistently decreased ATP production, we observed decreased expression of mitochondrial complex I and III-V genes. Persistent transcripts and proteins were related to citric acid cycle and β-oxidation. In particular, we identified a potential novel mitochondrial-nuclear signaling axis, MT-CO2-FN1-MYC-CPT1. In summary, this cross-omics study revealed dynamic responses of the mitochondrial epigenome to an impulse toxicant challenge resulting in persistent mitochondrial dysfunctioning. Moreover, this approach allowed for discriminating between the toxic effect of VPA and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarno E J Wolters
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Simone G J van Breda
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jonas Grossmann
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University Zurich/ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Claudia Fortes
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University Zurich/ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Florian Caiment
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jos C S Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Alegre F, Moragrega ÁB, Polo M, Marti‐Rodrigo A, Esplugues JV, Blas‐Garcia A, Apostolova N. Role of p62/SQSTM1 beyond autophagy: a lesson learned from drug-induced toxicity in vitro. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:440-455. [PMID: 29148034 PMCID: PMC5773949 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE SQSTM1/p62 is a multifunctional, stress-induced, scaffold protein involved in multiple cellular processes including autophagic clearance, regulation of inflammatory responses and redox homeostasis. Its altered function has been associated with different human pathologies, such as neurodegenerative, metabolic and bone diseases (down-regulation), and cancerogenesis (up-regulation). However, its role in the off-target effects of clinically used drugs is still not understood. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We evaluated the expression of p62 in cultured Hep3B cells and their derived ρ° cells (lacking mitochondria), along with markers of autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction. The effects of efavirenz were compared with those of known pharmacological stressors, rotenone, thapsigargin and CCCP, and we also used transient silencing with siRNA and p62 overexpression. Western blotting, quantRT-PCR and fluorescence microscopy were used to assay these effects and their underlying mechanisms. KEY RESULTS In Hep3B cells, efavirenz augmented p62 protein content, an effect not observed in the corresponding ρ° cells. p62 up-regulation followed enhanced SQSTM1 expression mediated through the transcription factor CHOP/DDIT3, while other well-known regulators (NF-kB and Nrf2) were not involved. Inhibition of autophagy with 3MA or with transient silencing of Atg5 did not affect SQSTM1 expression in efavirenz-treated cells while p62 overexpression ameliorated the deleterious effect of efavirenz on cell viability. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS In our model, p62 exerted a specific, autophagy-independent role and protected against efavirenz-induced mitochondrial ROS generation and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. These findings add to the multifunctional nature of p62 and may help to understand the off-target effects of clinically useful drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Alegre
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ValenciaValenciaSpain
- FISABIO–Hospital Universitario Dr. PesetValenciaSpain
| | - Ángela B Moragrega
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Miriam Polo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ValenciaValenciaSpain
- FISABIO–Hospital Universitario Dr. PesetValenciaSpain
| | - Alberto Marti‐Rodrigo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Juan V Esplugues
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ValenciaValenciaSpain
- FISABIO–Hospital Universitario Dr. PesetValenciaSpain
- CIBERehdValenciaSpain
| | - Ana Blas‐Garcia
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ValenciaValenciaSpain
- CIBERehdValenciaSpain
| | - Nadezda Apostolova
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ValenciaValenciaSpain
- CIBERehdValenciaSpain
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Walczak J, Partyka M, Duszyński J, Szczepanowska J. Implications of mitochondrial network organization in mitochondrial stress signalling in NARP cybrid and Rho0 cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14864. [PMID: 29093569 PMCID: PMC5665886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14964-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunctions lead to the generation of signalling mediators that influence the fate of that organelle. Mitochondrial dynamics and their positioning within the cell are important elements of mitochondria-nucleus communication. The aim of this project was to examine whether mitochondrial shape, distribution and fusion/fission proteins are involved in the mitochondrial stress response in a cellular model subjected to specifically designed chronic mitochondrial stress: WT human osteosarcoma cells as controls, NARP cybrid cells as mild chronic stress and Rho0 as severe chronic stress. We characterized mitochondrial distribution in these cells using confocal microscopy and evaluated the level of proteins directly involved in the mitochondrial dynamics and their regulation. We found that the organization of mitochondria within the cell is correlated with changes in the levels of proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics and proteins responsible for regulation of this process. Induction of the autophagy/mitophagy process, which is crucial for cellular homeostasis under stress conditions was also shown. It seems that mitochondrial shape and organization within the cell are implicated in retrograde signalling in chronic mitochondrial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Walczak
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, 3 Pasteur St, 02-993, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Partyka
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, 3 Pasteur St, 02-993, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Duszyński
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, 3 Pasteur St, 02-993, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Szczepanowska
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, 3 Pasteur St, 02-993, Warsaw, Poland.
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46
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From autophagy to mitophagy: the roles of P62 in neurodegenerative diseases. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2017; 49:413-422. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-017-9727-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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47
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Smith EF, Shaw PJ, De Vos KJ. The role of mitochondria in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurosci Lett 2017; 710:132933. [PMID: 28669745 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are unique organelles that are essential for a variety of cellular processes including energy metabolism, calcium homeostasis, lipid biosynthesis, and apoptosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a prevalent feature of many neurodegenerative diseases including motor neuron disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Disruption of mitochondrial structure, dynamics, bioenergetics and calcium buffering has been extensively reported in ALS patients and model systems and has been suggested to be directly involved in disease pathogenesis. Here we review the alterations in mitochondrial parameters in ALS and examine the common pathways to dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma F Smith
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Kurt J De Vos
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK.
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48
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Yang JH, Siroky MB, Yalla SV, Azadzoi KM. Mitochondrial stress and activation of PI3K and Akt survival pathway in bladder ischemia. Res Rep Urol 2017; 9:93-100. [PMID: 28652996 PMCID: PMC5476760 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s132082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Detrusor overactivity contributes to bothersome constellation of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men and women as they age. However, the underlying mechanisms of non-obstructive detrusor overactivity and LUTS remain largely unknown. Growing evidence suggests that ischemia may be an independent factor in the development of non-obstructive bladder dysfunction. Our goal was to determine the effects of ischemia on detrusor function and voiding behavior and define redox-mediated cellular stress and cell survival signaling in the ischemic bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into treatment (n=8) and control (n=8) groups. In the treatment group, iliac artery atherosclerosis and chronic bladder ischemia were induced. At 8 weeks after bladder ischemia, voiding patterns were examined in metabolic cages, cystometrograms were recorded in conscious animals, and then bladder blood flow was measured under general anesthesia. Bladder tissues were processed for assessment of transcription factors, markers of cellular and mitochondrial stress, mitochondrial respiration, and cell survival signaling pathway. RESULTS Atherosclerotic occlusive disease spread from the common iliac arteries to the internal iliac and vesical arteries and produced sustained bladder ischemia. Studies in metabolic cages showed increased micturition frequency and decreased voided volume in bladder ischemia. Conscious cystometrograms produced consistent data showing significant increase in micturition frequency and decreased voided volume and bladder capacity. Voiding behavior and cystometric changes in bladder ischemia were associated with significant decrease in DNA binding activity of Nrf2, significant increase in cellular levels of stress protein Hsp70 and mitochondrial stress protein GRP75, and significant decrease in mitochondrial oxygen consumption and upregulation of PI3K and Akt expression. CONCLUSION Chronic bladder ischemia may be a mediating variable in the development of detrusor overactivity in the non-obstructive bladder. The mechanism may involve ischemia-induced cellular stress, Nrf2 functional deficit, depression of mitochondrial respiration, and upregulation of PI3K/Akt cell survival signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hua Yang
- Department of Urology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Mike B Siroky
- Department of Urology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Subbarao V Yalla
- Department of Urology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School
| | - Kazem M Azadzoi
- Department of Urology.,Department of Pathology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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49
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Bartolome F, Esteras N, Martin-Requero A, Boutoleau-Bretonniere C, Vercelletto M, Gabelle A, Le Ber I, Honda T, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Hardy J, Carro E, Abramov AY. Pathogenic p62/SQSTM1 mutations impair energy metabolism through limitation of mitochondrial substrates. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1666. [PMID: 28490746 PMCID: PMC5431917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01678-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal mitochondrial function has been found in patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Mutations in the p62 gene (also known as SQSTM1) which encodes the p62 protein have been reported in both disorders supporting the idea of an ALS/FTD continuum. In this work the role of p62 in energy metabolism was studied in fibroblasts from FTD patients carrying two independent pathogenic mutations in the p62 gene, and in a p62-knock-down (p62 KD) human dopaminergic neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y). We found that p62 deficiency is associated with inhibited complex I mitochondrial respiration due to lack of NADH for the electron transport chain. This deficiency was also associated with increased levels of NADPH reflecting a higher activation of pentose phosphate pathway as this is accompanied with higher cytosolic reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Complex I inhibition resulted in lower mitochondrial membrane potential and higher cytosolic ROS production. Pharmacological activation of transcription factor Nrf2 increased mitochondrial NADH levels and restored mitochondrial membrane potential in p62-deficient cells. Our results suggest that the phenotype is caused by a loss-of-function effect, because similar alterations were found both in the mutant fibroblasts and the p62 KD model. These findings highlight the implication of energy metabolism in pathophysiological events associated with p62 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bartolome
- Neurodegenerative Disorders group, Instituto de Investigacion Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Av Cordoba, Madrid, 28041, Spain. .,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
| | - Noemi Esteras
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Angeles Martin-Requero
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid, 28040, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Claire Boutoleau-Bretonniere
- Laboratoire d'études des mécanismes cognitifs, EA 3082, Université Lyon 2, Bron, F-69500, France.,CHU Nantes, Centre de Mémoire et de Ressource et Recherche (CM2R), Nantes, France.,Inserm, CIC 04, Nantes, France
| | - Martine Vercelletto
- CHU Nantes, Centre de Mémoire et de Ressource et Recherche (CM2R), Nantes, France.,Inserm, CIC 04, Nantes, France
| | - Audrey Gabelle
- Memory Research and Resources Center, Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Le Ber
- CNR-MAJ, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC-P6 UMR S 1127 - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Tadashi Honda
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery Stony Brook University Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA
| | | | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.,Reta Lilla Weston Laboratories, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Eva Carro
- Neurodegenerative Disorders group, Instituto de Investigacion Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Av Cordoba, Madrid, 28041, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
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50
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Wu CL, Chen CH, Hwang CS, Chen SD, Hwang WC, Yang DI. Roles of p62 in BDNF-dependent autophagy suppression and neuroprotection against mitochondrial dysfunction in rat cortical neurons. J Neurochem 2017; 140:845-861. [PMID: 28027414 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we have reported that pre-conditioning of primary rat cortical neurons with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may exert neuroprotective effects against 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP), a mitochondrial complex II inhibitor. However, the underlying mechanisms, especially potential involvements of autophagy, remain elusive. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that BDNF may suppress 3-NP-induced autophagy to exert its neuroprotective effects by inducing the expression of p62/sequestosome-1 in primary cortical neurons. We found that 3-NP increased total level of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain (LC)-3 as well as the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, an index of autophagy, in primary cortical neurons. BDNF decreased LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and time-dependently induced expression of p62. Knockdown of p62 by siRNA restored LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and increased total LC3 levels associated with BDNF exposure; p62 knockdown also abolished BDNF-dependent neuroprotection against 3-NP. Upstream of p62, we found that BDNF triggered phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its downstream mediator p70S6K; importantly, the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin reduced both BDNF-dependent p62 induction as well as 3-NP resistance. BDNF is known to induce c-Jun in cortical neurons. We found that c-Jun knockdown in part attenuated BDNF-mediated p62 induction, whereas p62 knockdown had no significant effects on c-Jun expression. In addition to suppressing p62 induction, rapamycin also partially suppressed BDNF-induced c-Jun expression, but c-Jun knockdown failed to affect mTOR activation. Together, our results suggested that BDNF inhibits 3-NP-induced autophagy via, at least in part, mTOR/c-Jun-dependent induction of p62 expression, together contributing to neuroprotection against mitochondrial inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lin Wu
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain Science and Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hui Chen
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shin Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Der Chen
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chao Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ding-I Yang
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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