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Kiseleva D, Kolmogorov V, Cherednichenko V, Khovantseva U, Bogatyreva A, Markina Y, Gorelkin P, Erofeev A, Markin A. Effect of LDL Extracted from Human Plasma on Membrane Stiffness in Living Endothelial Cells and Macrophages via Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy. Cells 2024; 13:358. [PMID: 38391971 PMCID: PMC10887070 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanical properties of living cells play a crucial role in a wide range of biological functions and pathologies, including atherosclerosis. We used low-stress Scanning Ion-Conductance Microscopy (SICM) correlated with confocal imaging and demonstrated the topographical changes and mechanical properties alterations in EA.hy926 and THP-1 exposed to LDL extracted from CVD patients' blood samples. We show that the cells stiffened in the presence of LDL, which also triggered caveolae formation. Endothelial cells accumulated less cholesterol in the form of lipid droplets in comparison to THP-1 cells based on fluorescence intensity data and biochemical analysis; however, the effect on Young's modulus is higher. The cell stiffness is closely connected to the distribution of lipid droplets along the z-axis. In conclusion, we show that the sensitivity of endothelial cells to LDL is higher compared to that of THP-1, triggering changes in the cytoskeleton and membrane stiffness which may result in the increased permeability of the intima layer due to loss of intercellular connections and adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Kiseleva
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.C.); (A.B.); (Y.M.)
| | - Vasilii Kolmogorov
- Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Leninskiy Prospect, 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Cherednichenko
- Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.C.); (A.B.); (Y.M.)
| | - Ulyana Khovantseva
- Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.C.); (A.B.); (Y.M.)
| | - Anastasia Bogatyreva
- Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.C.); (A.B.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yuliya Markina
- Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.C.); (A.B.); (Y.M.)
| | - Petr Gorelkin
- Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Leninskiy Prospect, 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Erofeev
- Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Leninskiy Prospect, 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Markin
- Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.C.); (A.B.); (Y.M.)
- Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
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2
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Li Y, Amrutkar M, Finstadsveen AV, Dalen KT, Verbeke CS, Gladhaug IP. Fatty acids abrogate the growth-suppressive effects induced by inhibition of cholesterol flux in pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:276. [PMID: 37978383 PMCID: PMC10657020 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite therapeutic advances, the prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains extremely poor. Metabolic reprogramming is increasingly recognized as a key contributor to tumor progression and therapy resistance in PDAC. One of the main metabolic changes essential for tumor growth is altered cholesterol flux. Targeting cholesterol flux appears an attractive therapeutic approach, however, the complex regulation of cholesterol balance in PDAC cells remains poorly understood. METHODS The lipid content in human pancreatic duct epithelial (HPDE) cells and human PDAC cell lines (BxPC-3, MIA PaCa-2, and PANC-1) was determined. Cells exposed to eight different inhibitors targeting different regulators of lipid flux, in the presence or absence of oleic acid (OA) stimulation were assessed for changes in viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion. Intracellular content and distribution of cholesterol was assessed. Lastly, proteome profiling of PANC-1 exposed to the sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1) inhibitor avasimibe, in presence or absence of OA, was performed. RESULTS PDAC cells contain more free cholesterol but less cholesteryl esters and lipid droplets than HPDE cells. Exposure to different lipid flux inhibitors increased cell death and suppressed proliferation, with different efficiency in the tested PDAC cell lines. Avasimibe had the strongest ability to suppress proliferation across the three PDAC cell lines. All inhibitors showing cell suppressive effect disturbed intracellular cholesterol flux and increased cholesterol aggregation. OA improved overall cholesterol balance, reduced free cholesterol aggregation, and reversed cell death induced by the inhibitors. Treatment with avasimibe changed the cellular proteome substantially, mainly for proteins related to biosynthesis and metabolism of lipids and fatty acids, apoptosis, and cell adhesion. Most of these changes were restored by OA. CONCLUSIONS The study reveals that disturbing the cholesterol flux by inhibiting the actions of its key regulators can yield growth suppressive effects on PDAC cells. The presence of fatty acids restores intracellular cholesterol balance and abrogates the alternations induced by cholesterol flux inhibitors. Taken together, targeting cholesterol flux might be an attractive strategy to develop new therapeutics against PDAC. However, the impact of fatty acids in the tumor microenvironment must be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchuan Li
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Manoj Amrutkar
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Knut Tomas Dalen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, The Norwegian Transgenic Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Caroline S Verbeke
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar P Gladhaug
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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3
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Kuburich NA, Sabapathy T, Demestichas BR, Maddela JJ, den Hollander P, Mani SA. Proactive and reactive roles of TGF-β in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 95:120-139. [PMID: 37572731 PMCID: PMC10530624 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells adapt to varying stress conditions to survive through plasticity. Stem cells exhibit a high degree of plasticity, allowing them to generate more stem cells or differentiate them into specialized cell types to contribute to tissue development, growth, and repair. Cancer cells can also exhibit plasticity and acquire properties that enhance their survival. TGF-β is an unrivaled growth factor exploited by cancer cells to gain plasticity. TGF-β-mediated signaling enables carcinoma cells to alter their epithelial and mesenchymal properties through epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP). However, TGF-β is a multifunctional cytokine; thus, the signaling by TGF-β can be detrimental or beneficial to cancer cells depending on the cellular context. Those cells that overcome the anti-tumor effect of TGF-β can induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to gain EMP benefits. EMP allows cancer cells to alter their cell properties and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), facilitating their survival. Due to the significant roles of TGF-β and EMP in carcinoma progression, it is essential to understand how TGF-β enables EMP and how cancer cells exploit this plasticity. This understanding will guide the development of effective TGF-β-targeting therapies that eliminate cancer cell plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick A Kuburich
- Legorreta Cancer Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Thiru Sabapathy
- Legorreta Cancer Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Breanna R Demestichas
- Legorreta Cancer Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Joanna Joyce Maddela
- Legorreta Cancer Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Petra den Hollander
- Legorreta Cancer Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Sendurai A Mani
- Legorreta Cancer Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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4
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Maja M, Tyteca D. Alteration of cholesterol distribution at the plasma membrane of cancer cells: From evidence to pathophysiological implication and promising therapy strategy. Front Physiol 2022; 13:999883. [PMID: 36439249 PMCID: PMC9682260 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.999883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol-enriched domains are nowadays proposed to contribute to cancer cell proliferation, survival, death and invasion, with important implications in tumor progression. They could therefore represent promising targets for new anticancer treatment. However, although diverse strategies have been developed over the years from directly targeting cholesterol membrane content/distribution to adjusting sterol intake, all approaches present more or less substantial limitations. Those data emphasize the need to optimize current strategies, to develop new specific cholesterol-targeting anticancer drugs and/or to combine them with additional strategies targeting other lipids than cholesterol. Those objectives can only be achieved if we first decipher (i) the mechanisms that govern the formation and deformation of the different types of cholesterol-enriched domains and their interplay in healthy cells; (ii) the mechanisms behind domain deregulation in cancer; (iii) the potential generalization of observations in different types of cancer; and (iv) the specificity of some alterations in cancer vs. non-cancer cells as promising strategy for anticancer therapy. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge on the homeostasis, roles and membrane distribution of cholesterol in non-tumorigenic cells. We will then integrate documented alterations of cholesterol distribution in domains at the surface of cancer cells and the mechanisms behind their contribution in cancer processes. We shall finally provide an overview on the potential strategies developed to target those cholesterol-enriched domains in cancer therapy.
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5
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Rezende L, Couto NFD, Fernandes-Braga W, Epshtein Y, Alvarez-Leite JI, Levitan I, Andrade LDO. OxLDL induces membrane structure rearrangement leading to biomechanics alteration and migration deficiency in macrophage. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA (BBA) - BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:183951. [PMID: 35504320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.183951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol sequestration from plasma membrane has been shown to induce lipid packing disruption, causing actin cytoskeleton reorganization and polymerization, increasing cell stiffness and inducing lysosomal exocytosis in non-professional phagocytes. Similarly, oxidized form of low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) has also been shown to disrupt lipid organization and packing in endothelial cells, leading to biomechanics alterations that interfere with membrane injury and repair. For macrophages, much is known about oxLDL effects in cell activation, cytokine production and foam cell formation. However, little is known about its impact in the organization of macrophage membrane structured domains and cellular mechanics, the focus of the present study. Treatment of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) with oxLDL not only altered membrane structure, and potentially the distribution of raft domains, but also induced actin rearrangement, diffuse integrin distribution and cell shrinkage, similarly to observed upon treatment of these cells with MβCD. Those alterations led to decreased migration efficiency. For both treatments, higher co-localization of actin cytoskeleton and GM1 was observed, indicating a similar mechanism of action involving raft-like domain dynamics. Lastly, like MβCD treatment, oxLDL also induced lysosomal spreading in BMDM. We propose that OxLDL induced re-organization of membrane/cytoskeleton complex in macrophages can be attributed to the insertion of oxysterols into the membrane, which lead to changes in lipid organization and disruption of membrane structure, similar to the effect of cholesterol depletion by MβCD treatment. These results indicate that oxLDL can induce physical alterations in the complex membrane/cytoskeleton of macrophages, leading to significant biomechanical changes that compromise cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Rezende
- Department of Morphology/Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Natalia Fernanda Do Couto
- Department of Morphology/Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Weslley Fernandes-Braga
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology/Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Yulia Epshtein
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | | | - Irena Levitan
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
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6
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Linking Late Endosomal Cholesterol with Cancer Progression and Anticancer Drug Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137206. [PMID: 35806209 PMCID: PMC9267071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo drastic metabolic adaptions to cover increased bioenergetic needs, contributing to resistance to therapies. This includes a higher demand for cholesterol, which often coincides with elevated cholesterol uptake from low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and overexpression of the LDL receptor in many cancers. This implies the need for cancer cells to accommodate an increased delivery of LDL along the endocytic pathway to late endosomes/lysosomes (LE/Lys), providing a rapid and effective distribution of LDL-derived cholesterol from LE/Lys to other organelles for cholesterol to foster cancer growth and spread. LDL-cholesterol exported from LE/Lys is facilitated by Niemann–Pick Type C1/2 (NPC1/2) proteins, members of the steroidogenic acute regulatory-related lipid transfer domain (StARD) and oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) families. In addition, lysosomal membrane proteins, small Rab GTPases as well as scaffolding proteins, including annexin A6 (AnxA6), contribute to regulating cholesterol egress from LE/Lys. Here, we summarize current knowledge that links upregulated activity and expression of cholesterol transporters and related proteins in LE/Lys with cancer growth, progression and treatment outcomes. Several mechanisms on how cellular distribution of LDL-derived cholesterol from LE/Lys influences cancer cell behavior are reviewed, some of those providing opportunities for treatment strategies to reduce cancer progression and anticancer drug resistance.
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7
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Jose J, Hoque M, Engel J, Beevi SS, Wahba M, Georgieva MI, Murphy KJ, Hughes WE, Cochran BJ, Lu A, Tebar F, Hoy AJ, Timpson P, Rye KA, Enrich C, Rentero C, Grewal T. Annexin A6 and NPC1 regulate LDL-inducible cell migration and distribution of focal adhesions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:596. [PMID: 35022465 PMCID: PMC8755831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is considered indispensable for cell motility, but how physiological cholesterol pools enable cells to move forward remains to be clarified. The majority of cells obtain cholesterol from the uptake of Low-Density lipoproteins (LDL) and here we demonstrate that LDL stimulates A431 squamous epithelial carcinoma and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell migration and invasion. LDL also potentiated epidermal growth factor (EGF) -stimulated A431 cell migration as well as A431 invasion in 3-dimensional environments, using organotypic assays. Blocking cholesterol export from late endosomes (LE), using Niemann Pick Type C1 (NPC1) mutant cells, pharmacological NPC1 inhibition or overexpression of the annexin A6 (AnxA6) scaffold protein, compromised LDL-inducible migration and invasion. Nevertheless, NPC1 mutant cells established focal adhesions (FA) that contain activated focal adhesion kinase (pY397FAK, pY861FAK), vinculin and paxillin. Compared to controls, NPC1 mutants display increased FA numbers throughout the cell body, but lack LDL-inducible FA formation at cell edges. Strikingly, AnxA6 depletion in NPC1 mutant cells, which restores late endosomal cholesterol export in these cells, increases their cell motility and association of the cholesterol biosensor D4H with active FAK at cell edges, indicating that AnxA6-regulated transport routes contribute to cholesterol delivery to FA structures, thereby improving NPC1 mutant cell migratory behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimy Jose
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Monira Hoque
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Johanna Engel
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Syed S Beevi
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,KIMS Foundation and Research Centre, KIMS Hospitals, 1-8-31/1, Minister Road, Secunderabad, Telangana, 500003, India
| | - Mohamed Wahba
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Mariya Ilieva Georgieva
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Kendelle J Murphy
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - William E Hughes
- Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Blake J Cochran
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Albert Lu
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cellular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Tebar
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cellular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew J Hoy
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cellular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Rentero
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cellular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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8
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Kagawa Y, Umaru BA, Kanamori M, Zama R, Shil SK, Miyazaki H, Kobayashi S, Wannakul T, Yang S, Tominaga T, Owada Y. Nuclear FABP7 regulates cell proliferation of wild-type IDH1 glioma through caveolae formation. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:289-306. [PMID: 34716958 PMCID: PMC8732344 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) is a key enzyme in cellular metabolism. IDH1 mutation (IDH1mut) is the most important genetic alteration in lower grade glioma, whereas glioblastoma (GB), the most common malignant brain tumor, often has wild‐type IDH1 (IDH1wt). Although there is no effective treatment yet for neither IDH1wt nor IDHmut GB, it is important to note that the survival span of IDH1wt GB patients is significantly shorter than those with IDH1mut GB. Thus, understanding IDH1wt GB biology and developing effective molecular‐targeted therapies is of paramount importance. Fatty acid‐binding protein 7 (FABP7) is highly expressed in GB, and its expression level is negatively correlated with survival in malignant glioma patients; however, the underlying mechanisms of FABP7 involvement in tumor proliferation are still unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that FABP7 is highly expressed and localized in nuclei in IDH1wt glioma. Wild‐type FABP7 (FABP7wt) overexpression in IDH1wt U87 cells increased cell proliferation rate, caveolin‐1 expression, and caveolae/caveosome formation. In addition, FABP7wt overexpression increased the levels of H3K27ac on the caveolin‐1 promoter through controlling the nuclear acetyl‐CoA level via the interaction with ACLY. Consistent results were obtained using a xenograft model transplanted with U87 cells overexpressing FABP7. Interestingly, in U87 cells with mutant FABP7 overexpression, both in vitro and in vivo phenotypes shown by FABP7wt overexpression were disrupted. Furthermore, IDH1wt patient GB showed upregulated caveolin‐1 expression, increased levels of histone acetylation, and increased levels of acetyl‐CoA compared with IDH1mut patient GB. Taken together, these data suggest that nuclear FABP7 is involved in cell proliferation of GB through caveolae function/formation regulated via epigenetic regulation of caveolin‐1, and this mechanism is critically important for IDH1wt tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Kagawa
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Masayuki Kanamori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryo Zama
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Subrata Kumar Shil
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Miyazaki
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kobayashi
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tunyanat Wannakul
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shuhan Yang
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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9
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Starostina I, Jang YK, Kim HS, Suh JS, Ahn SH, Choi GH, Suk M, Kim TJ. Distinct calcium regulation of TRPM7 mechanosensitive channels at plasma membrane microdomains visualized by FRET-based single cell imaging. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17893. [PMID: 34504177 PMCID: PMC8429465 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97326-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential subfamily M member 7 (TRPM7), a mechanosensitive Ca2+ channel, plays a crucial role in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. However, it is currently unclear how cell mechanical cues control TRPM7 activity and its associated Ca2+ influx at plasma membrane microdomains. Using two different types of Ca2+ biosensors (Lyn-D3cpv and Kras-D3cpv) based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer, we investigate how Ca2+ influx generated by the TRPM7-specific agonist naltriben is mediated at the detergent-resistant membrane (DRM) and non-DRM regions. This study reveals that TRPM7-induced Ca2+ influx mainly occurs at the DRM, and chemically induced mechanical perturbations in the cell mechanosensitive apparatus substantially reduce Ca2+ influx through TRPM7, preferably located at the DRM. Such perturbations include the disintegration of lipid rafts, microtubules, or actomyosin filaments; the alteration of actomyosin contractility; and the inhibition of focal adhesion and Src kinases. These results suggest that the mechanical membrane environment contributes to the TRPM7 function and activity. Thus, this study provides a fundamental understanding of how the mechanical aspects of the cell membrane regulate the function of mechanosensitive channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Starostina
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kwan Jang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Su Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Soo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Ho Choi
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungeun Suk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dong-Eui University, Pusan, 47340, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-Jin Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Kulma M, Anderluh G. Beyond pore formation: reorganization of the plasma membrane induced by pore-forming proteins. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6229-6249. [PMID: 34387717 PMCID: PMC11073440 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03914-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pore-forming proteins (PFPs) are a heterogeneous group of proteins that are expressed and secreted by a wide range of organisms. PFPs are produced as soluble monomers that bind to a receptor molecule in the host cell membrane. They then assemble into oligomers that are incorporated into the lipid membrane to form transmembrane pores. Such pore formation alters the permeability of the plasma membrane and is one of the most common mechanisms used by PFPs to destroy target cells. Interestingly, PFPs can also indirectly manipulate diverse cellular functions. In recent years, increasing evidence indicates that the interaction of PFPs with lipid membranes is not only limited to pore-induced membrane permeabilization but is also strongly associated with extensive plasma membrane reorganization. This includes lateral rearrangement and deformation of the lipid membrane, which can lead to the disruption of target cell function and finally death. Conversely, these modifications also constitute an essential component of the membrane repair system that protects cells from the lethal consequences of pore formation. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the changes in lipid membrane organization caused by PFPs from different organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kulma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Gregor Anderluh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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11
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Czyżowska A, Barbasz A, Rudolphi-Szydło E, Dyba B. The cell membrane as the barrier in the defense against nanoxenobiotics: Zinc oxide nanoparticles interactions with native and model membrane of melanoma cells. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:334-341. [PMID: 34235764 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Currently, we are dealing with ever-increasing pollution of the environment with metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. One type of these, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), are increasingly used in areas such as cosmetology, electrical engineering, medicine, and even in the food and textile industries. As a consequence, ZnO-NPs may enter the human body in many ways. Their influence on the body is still not clear. Here, we define the mechanism of the initial toxicity of ZnO-NPs to cells based on interaction with the lipid part of the native and model cell membrane. The selected cell lines react differently to contact with nanoparticles. We found a disruption of the native membranes of B16-F0 cells and to a lesser extent of COLO 679. In turn, the membrane of COLO 679 cells was more peroxidated, and cell viability was much lower. A model of the lipid part of the membrane was created for B16-F0 cells and compared with previously published studies on immune cells. On the basis of physicochemical parameters obtained for individual lipids and a mix representing the native membrane of the tested cells, we concluded that exposure to nanoparticles resulted in a change within the model membranes (specifically with the polar parts of lipids). The greatest interaction has been noticed between ZnO-NPs and zwitterionic phospholipids (PC and PE), cholesterol, and negatively charged phosphatidylglycerol. Assessing the interactions between the membrane and nanoparticles will help to better understand the first steps of its toxicity mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Barbasz
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Barbara Dyba
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Cracow, Poland
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12
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Greenlee JD, Subramanian T, Liu K, King MR. Rafting Down the Metastatic Cascade: The Role of Lipid Rafts in Cancer Metastasis, Cell Death, and Clinical Outcomes. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5-17. [PMID: 32999001 PMCID: PMC7952000 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipid rafts are tightly packed, cholesterol- and sphingolipid-enriched microdomains within the plasma membrane that play important roles in many pathophysiologic processes. Rafts have been strongly implicated as master regulators of signal transduction in cancer, where raft compartmentalization can promote transmembrane receptor oligomerization, shield proteins from enzymatic degradation, and act as scaffolds to enhance intracellular signaling cascades. Cancer cells have been found to exploit these mechanisms to initiate oncogenic signaling and promote tumor progression. This review highlights the roles of lipid rafts within the metastatic cascade, specifically within tumor angiogenesis, cell adhesion, migration, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and transendothelial migration. In addition, the interplay between lipid rafts and different modes of cancer cell death, including necrosis, apoptosis, and anoikis, will be described. The clinical role of lipid raft-specific proteins, caveolin and flotillin, in assessing patient prognosis and evaluating metastatic potential of various cancers will be presented. Collectively, elucidation of the complex roles of lipid rafts and raft components within the metastatic cascade may be instrumental for therapeutic discovery to curb prometastatic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Greenlee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tejas Subramanian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kevin Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michael R King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
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13
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Mollinedo F, Gajate C. Lipid rafts as signaling hubs in cancer cell survival/death and invasion: implications in tumor progression and therapy: Thematic Review Series: Biology of Lipid Rafts. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:611-635. [PMID: 33715811 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.tr119000439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol/sphingolipid-rich membrane domains, known as lipid rafts or membrane rafts, play a critical role in the compartmentalization of signaling pathways. Physical segregation of proteins in lipid rafts may modulate the accessibility of proteins to regulatory or effector molecules. Thus, lipid rafts serve as sorting platforms and hubs for signal transduction proteins. Cancer cells contain higher levels of intracellular cholesterol and lipid rafts than their normal non-tumorigenic counterparts. Many signal transduction processes involved in cancer development (insulin-like growth factor system and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT) and metastasis [cluster of differentiation (CD)44] are dependent on or modulated by lipid rafts. Additional proteins playing an important role in several malignant cancers (e.g., transmembrane glycoprotein mucin 1) are also being detected in association with lipid rafts, suggesting a major role of lipid rafts in tumor progression. Conversely, lipid rafts also serve as scaffolds for the recruitment and clustering of Fas/CD95 death receptors and downstream signaling molecules leading to cell death-promoting raft platforms. The partition of death receptors and downstream signaling molecules in aggregated lipid rafts has led to the formation of the so-called cluster of apoptotic signaling molecule-enriched rafts, or CASMER, which leads to apoptosis amplification and can be pharmacologically modulated. These death-promoting rafts can be viewed as a linchpin from which apoptotic signals are launched. In this review, we discuss the involvement of lipid rafts in major signaling processes in cancer cells, including cell survival, cell death, and metastasis, and we consider the potential of lipid raft modulation as a promising target in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustino Mollinedo
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), E-28040 Madrid, Spain. mailto:
| | - Consuelo Gajate
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Lipid metabolic Reprogramming: Role in Melanoma Progression and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113147. [PMID: 33121001 PMCID: PMC7692067 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Melanoma is a devastating skin cancer characterized by an impressive metabolic plasticity. Melanoma cells are able to adapt to the tumor microenvironment by using a variety of fuels that contribute to tumor growth and progression. In this review, the authors summarize the contribution of the lipid metabolic network in melanoma plasticity and aggressiveness, with a particular attention to specific lipid classes such as glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, sterols and eicosanoids. They also highlight the role of adipose tissue in tumor progression as well as the potential antitumor role of drugs targeting critical steps of lipid metabolic pathways in the context of melanoma. Abstract Metabolic reprogramming contributes to the pathogenesis and heterogeneity of melanoma. It is driven both by oncogenic events and the constraints imposed by a nutrient- and oxygen-scarce microenvironment. Among the most prominent metabolic reprogramming features is an increased rate of lipid synthesis. Lipids serve as a source of energy and form the structural foundation of all membranes, but have also emerged as mediators that not only impact classical oncogenic signaling pathways, but also contribute to melanoma progression. Various alterations in fatty acid metabolism have been reported and can contribute to melanoma cell aggressiveness. Elevated expression of the key lipogenic fatty acid synthase is associated with tumor cell invasion and poor prognosis. Fatty acid uptake from the surrounding microenvironment, fatty acid β-oxidation and storage also appear to play an essential role in tumor cell migration. The aim of this review is (i) to focus on the major alterations affecting lipid storage organelles and lipid metabolism. A particular attention has been paid to glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, sterols and eicosanoids, (ii) to discuss how these metabolic dysregulations contribute to the phenotype plasticity of melanoma cells and/or melanoma aggressiveness, and (iii) to highlight therapeutic approaches targeting lipid metabolism that could be applicable for melanoma treatment.
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15
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Ortiz N, Díaz C. Mevalonate pathway as a novel target for the treatment of metastatic gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:320. [PMID: 33093924 PMCID: PMC7573883 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric mucosa tumors may present as two distinct major entities: Diffuse and intestinal subtypes. There is no standard treatment for advanced or metastatic gastric cancer. The mevalonate pathway and cholesterol homeostasis are important processes in cancer cells that may be highly relevant in terms of cell growth, survival and metastatic potential. Two model cell lines representing intestinal (NCI-N87) and diffuse (Hs746T) metastatic gastric tumor histological subtypes were treated with different drugs that alter membrane lipid metabolism to determine whether cell proliferation, viability and migration were affected. The results indicated that the cells exhibited significant differences in proliferation when treated with the cholesterol-lowering drug simvastatin, but not with terbinafine, another compound that affects cholesterol synthesis. Only simvastatin affected migration in both cell lines. Reposition studies with mevalonolactone, farnesyl pyrophosphate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate in the presence of high and low FBS concentrations indicated that both isoprenoids and cholesterol reversed the antiproliferative effects of simvastatin in gastric cancer cells. The cell lines used in the present study had different sensitivities to several potential anti-neoplastic agents that affect the synthesis of membrane lipids. The diffuse gastric cancer cells were particularly sensitive to simvastatin, suggesting it as an option for combination treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ortiz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Cecilia Díaz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica.,Institute Clodomiro Picado, Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
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16
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Szlasa W, Zendran I, Zalesińska A, Tarek M, Kulbacka J. Lipid composition of the cancer cell membrane. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2020; 52:321-342. [PMID: 32715369 PMCID: PMC7520422 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-020-09846-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell possesses numerous adaptations to resist the immune system response and chemotherapy. One of the most significant properties of the neoplastic cells is the altered lipid metabolism, and consequently, the abnormal cell membrane composition. Like in the case of phosphatidylcholine, these changes result in the modulation of certain enzymes and accumulation of energetic material, which could be used for a higher proliferation rate. The changes are so prominent, that some lipids, such as phosphatidylserines, could even be considered as the cancer biomarkers. Additionally, some changes of biophysical properties of cell membranes lead to the higher resistance to chemotherapy, and finally to the disturbances in signalling pathways. Namely, the increased levels of certain lipids, like for instance phosphatidylserine, lead to the attenuation of the immune system response. Also, changes in lipid saturation prevent the cells from demanding conditions of the microenvironment. Particularly interesting is the significance of cell membrane cholesterol content in the modulation of metastasis. This review paper discusses the roles of each lipid type in cancer physiology. The review combined theoretical data with clinical studies to show novel therapeutic options concerning the modulation of cell membranes in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Szlasa
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Iga Zendran
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Mounir Tarek
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
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17
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Cucchi D, Camacho-Muñoz D, Certo M, Niven J, Smith J, Nicolaou A, Mauro C. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids impinge on CD4+ T cell motility and adipose tissue distribution via direct and lipid mediator-dependent effects. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:1006-1020. [PMID: 31399738 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Adaptive immunity contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular metabolic disorders (CVMD). The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFA) are beneficial for cardiovascular health, with potential to improve the dysregulated adaptive immune responses associated with metabolic imbalance. We aimed to explore the mechanisms through which n-3PUFA may alter T cell motility and tissue distribution to promote a less inflammatory environment and improve lymphocyte function in CVMD. METHODS AND RESULTS Using mass spectrometry lipidomics, cellular, biochemical, and in vivo and ex vivo analyses, we investigated how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the main n-3PUFA, modify the trafficking patterns of activated CD4+ T cells. In mice subjected to allogeneic immunization, a 3-week n-3PUFA-enriched diet reduced the number of effector memory CD4+ T cells found in adipose tissue, and changed the profiles of eicosanoids, octadecanoids, docosanoids, endocannabinoids, 2-monoacylglycerols, N-acyl ethanolamines, and ceramides, in plasma, lymphoid organs, and fat tissues. These bioactive lipids exhibited differing chemotactic properties when tested in chemotaxis assays with activated CD4+ T cells in vitro. Furthermore, CD4+ T cells treated with EPA and DHA showed a significant reduction in chemokinesis, as assessed by trans-endothelial migration assays, and, when implanted in recipient mice, demonstrated less efficient migration to the inflamed peritoneum. Finally, EPA and DHA treatments reduced the number of polarized CD4+ T cells in vitro, altered the phospholipid composition of membrane microdomains and decreased the activity of small Rho GTPases, Rhoα, and Rac1 instrumental in cytoskeletal dynamics. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that EPA and DHA affect the motility of CD4+ T cells and modify their ability to reach target tissues by interfering with the cytoskeletal rearrangements required for cell migration. This can explain, at least in part, the anti-inflammatory effects of n-3PUFA supporting their potential use in interventions aiming to address adipocyte low-grade inflammation associated with cardiovascular metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Cucchi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Dolores Camacho-Muñoz
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Michelangelo Certo
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
| | - Jennifer Niven
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
| | - Joanne Smith
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Anna Nicolaou
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Claudio Mauro
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
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18
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McKenzie AJ, Svec KV, Williams TF, Howe AK. Protein kinase A activity is regulated by actomyosin contractility during cell migration and is required for durotaxis. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 31:45-58. [PMID: 31721649 PMCID: PMC6938270 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-03-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic subcellular regulation of protein kinase A (PKA) activity is important for the motile behavior of many cell types, yet the mechanisms governing PKA activity during cell migration remain largely unknown. The motility of SKOV-3 epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells has been shown to be dependent both on localized PKA activity and, more recently, on mechanical reciprocity between cellular tension and extracellular matrix rigidity. Here, we investigated the possibility that PKA is regulated by mechanical signaling during migration. We find that localized PKA activity in migrating cells rapidly decreases upon inhibition of actomyosin contractility (specifically, of myosin ATPase, Rho kinase, or myosin light-chain kinase activity). Moreover, PKA activity is spatially and temporally correlated with cellular traction forces in migrating cells. Additionally, PKA is rapidly and locally activated by mechanical stretch in an actomyosin contractility-dependent manner. Finally, inhibition of PKA activity inhibits mechanically guided migration, also known as durotaxis. These observations establish PKA as a locally regulated effector of cellular mechanotransduction and as a regulator of mechanically guided cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J McKenzie
- Department of Pharmacology.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, and
| | - Kathryn V Svec
- Department of Pharmacology.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, and
| | - Tamara F Williams
- Department of Pharmacology.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, and
| | - Alan K Howe
- Department of Pharmacology.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, and.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
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19
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Wu Y, Zhao Y, He X, He Z, Wang T, Wan L, Chen L, Yan N. Hydroxypropyl‑β‑cyclodextrin attenuates the epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition via endoplasmic reticulum stress in MDA‑MB‑231 breast cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:249-257. [PMID: 31746388 PMCID: PMC6896369 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been reported to serve vital roles in regulating the progress of cancer metastasis. In addition, lipid rafts enriched in sphingolipids and cholesterol serve important roles in physiological and biochemical processes as a signaling platform. The present study explored the effects of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), a cholesterol-depleting agent of lipid rafts, on the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad signaling pathway and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in mediating EMT in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. HP-β-CD treatment inhibited TGF-β1-induced EMT, based on increased expression of E-cadherin and decreased expression of vimentin. HP-β-CD reduced the expression of the TGF receptor TβRI and blocked the phosphorylation of Smad2. In addition, HP-β-CD increased the expression of ER stress-related proteins (binding immunoglobulin protein and activating transcription factor 6), but TGF-β1 could reverse these changes. Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate, an inhibitor of ER stress, suppressed these effects of HP-β-CD on EMT and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway inhibition in breast cancer cells. Thus, HP-β-CD can block the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway via diminishing the expression of TβRI which helps to activate ER stress and attenuate EMT in MDA-MB-231 cells, highlighting a potential target of lipid rafts for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yiyang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xuanhong He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Linxi Wan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Lai Chen
- Laboratory Animal Research Center for Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, P.R. China
| | - Nianlong Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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20
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Yao X, Ning LJ, He SK, Cui J, Hu RN, Zhang Y, Zhang YJ, Luo JC, Ding W, Qin TW. Stem Cell Extracellular Matrix-Modified Decellularized Tendon Slices Facilitate the Migration of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:4485-4495. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Kagawa Y, Umaru BA, Ariful I, Shil SK, Miyazaki H, Yamamoto Y, Ogata M, Owada Y. Role of FABP7 in tumor cell signaling. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 71:206-218. [PMID: 30245263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are major molecules for the function of organisms and are involved in the pathophysiology of various diseases. Fatty acids (FAs) signaling and their metabolism are some of the most important pathways in tumor development, as lipids serve as energetic sources during carcinogenesis. Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) facilitate FAs transport to different cell organelles, modulating their metabolism along with mediating other physiological activities. FABP7, brain-typed FABP, is thought to be an important molecule for cell proliferation in healthy as well as diseased organisms. Several studies on human tumors and tumor-derived cell lines put FABP7 in the center of tumorigenesis, and its high expression level has been reported to correlate with poor prognosis in different tumor types. Several types of FABP7-expressing tumors have shown an up-regulation of cell signaling activity, but molecular mechanisms of FABP7 involvement in tumorigenesis still remain elusive. In this review, we focus on the expression and function of FABP7 in different tumors, and possible mechanisms of FABP7 in tumor proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Kagawa
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Banlanjo A Umaru
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Islam Ariful
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Subrata Kumar Shil
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Miyazaki
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yui Yamamoto
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Anatomy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masaki Ogata
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Anatomy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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22
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Jin H, He Y, Zhao P, Hu Y, Tao J, Chen J, Huang Y. Targeting lipid metabolism to overcome EMT-associated drug resistance via integrin β3/FAK pathway and tumor-associated macrophage repolarization using legumain-activatable delivery. Theranostics 2019; 9:265-278. [PMID: 30662566 PMCID: PMC6332796 DOI: 10.7150/thno.27246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is closely associated with the development of drug resistance. Lipid metabolism plays an important role in EMT. This work was to study the cholesterol-lowering drug simvastatin for reversing EMT-associated resistance to chemotherapy via lipid metabolism. Methods: The combination of simvastatin and paclitaxel was used to overcome the EMT-associated drug resistance. For dual-action on both cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), the tumor microenvironment-activatable multifunctional liposomes were developed for drug codelivery. The liposomes were modified with a hairpin-structured, activatable cell-penetrating peptide that is specifically responsive to the tumor-associated protease legumain. Results: It was revealed simvastatin can disrupt lipid rafts (cholesterol-rich domains) and suppress integrin-β3 and focal adhesion formation, thus inhibiting FAK signaling pathway and re-sensitizing the drug-resistant cancer cells to paclitaxel. Furthermore, simvastatin was able to re-polarize tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), promoting M2-to-M1 phenotype switch via cholesterol-associated LXR/ABCA1 regulation. The repolarization increased TNF-α, but attenuated TGF-β, which, in turn, remodeled the tumor microenvironment and suppressed EMT. The liposomal formulation achieved enhanced treatment efficacy. Conclusion: This study provides a promising simvastatin-based nanomedicine strategy targeting cholesterol metabolism to reverse EMT and repolarize TAM to treat drug-resistant cancer. The elucidation of the molecular pathways (cholesterol/lipid raft/integrin β3/FAK and cholesterol-associated LXR/ABCA1 regulation) for anti-EMT and the new application of simvastatin should be of clinical significance.
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23
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Graf SA, Heppt MV, Wessely A, Krebs S, Kammerbauer C, Hornig E, Strieder A, Blum H, Bosserhoff AK, Berking C. The myelin protein PMP2 is regulated by SOX10 and drives melanoma cell invasion. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2018; 32:424-434. [PMID: 30506895 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor sex determining region Y-box 10 (SOX10) plays a key role in the development of melanocytes and glial cells from neural crest precursors. SOX10 is involved in melanoma initiation, proliferation, invasion, and survival. However, specific mediators which impart its oncogenic properties remain widely unknown. To identify target genes of SOX10, we performed RNA sequencing after ectopic expression of SOX10 in human melanoma cells. Among nine differentially regulated genes, peripheral myelin protein 2 (PMP2) was consistently upregulated in several cell lines. Direct regulation of PMP2 by SOX10 was shown by chromatin immunoprecipitation, electrophoretic mobility shift, and luciferase reporter assays. Moreover, a coregulation of PMP2 by SOX10 and early growth response 2 in melanoma cells was found. Phenotypical investigation demonstrated that PMP2 expression can increase melanoma cell invasion. As PMP2 protein was detected only in a subset of melanoma cell lines, it might contribute to melanoma heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Anna Graf
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Vincent Heppt
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anja Wessely
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Krebs
- Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Kammerbauer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Hornig
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Annamarie Strieder
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Blum
- Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anja-Katrin Bosserhoff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carola Berking
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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24
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Bi J, Wang R, Zeng X. Lipid rafts regulate the lamellipodia formation of melanoma A375 cells via actin cytoskeleton-mediated recruitment of β1 and β3 integrin. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6540-6546. [PMID: 30405793 PMCID: PMC6202517 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts, distinct liquid-ordered plasma membrane microdomains, have been shown to regulate tumor cell migration by internalizing and recycling cell-surface proteins. The present study reports that lipid rafts are a prerequisite for lamellipodia formation, which is the first step in the processes of tumor cell migration. The results from the wound-healing assay and immunostaining indicated that lipid rafts were asymmetrically distributed to the leading edge of migrating melanoma A375 cells during lamellipodia formation. When the integrity of lipids rafts was disrupted, lamellipodia formation was inhibited. The investigation of possible molecular mechanisms indicated that lipid rafts recruited β1 and β3 integrins, two important adhesion proteins for cell migration, to the lamellipodia. However, the different distribution characteristics of β1 and β3 integrins implied disparate functions in lamellipodia formation. Further immunostaining experiments showed that the actin cytoskeleton was responsible for lipid raft-mediated β1 and β3 integrin distribution in the lamellipodia. Together, these findings provide novel insights into the regulation of lipid rafts in lamellipodia formation, and suggest that lipid rafts may be novel and attractive targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Bi
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Ruifei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Microorganisms and Functional Molecules, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P.R. China
| | - Xianlu Zeng
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
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Wang Y, Song Y, Che X, Zhang L, Wang Q, Zhang X, Qu J, Li Z, Xu L, Zhang Y, Fan Y, Hou K, Liu Y, Qu X. Caveolin‑1 enhances RANKL‑induced gastric cancer cell migration. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:1287-1296. [PMID: 30015970 PMCID: PMC6072394 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The classical pathway involving receptor activator of nuclear factor‑κB (RANK) and its ligand (RANKL) induces the activation of osteoclasts and the migration of a variety of tumor cells, including breast and lung cancer. In our previous study, the expression of RANK was identified on the surface of gastric cancer cells, however, whether the RANKL/RANK pathway is involved in the regulation of gastric cancer cell migration remains to be fully elucidated. Lipid rafts represent a major platform for the regulation of cancer signaling; however, their involvement in RANKL‑induced migration remains to be elucidated. To investigate the potential roles and mechanism of RANKL/RANK in gastric cancer migration and metastasis, the present study examined the expression of RANK by western blot analysis and the expression of caveolin‑1 (Cav‑1) in gastric cancer tissues by immunohistochemistry, in addition to cell migration which is measured by Transwell migration assay. The aggregation of lipid reft was observed by fluorescence microscopy and western blotting was used to measure signaling changes in associated pathways. The results showed that RANKL induced gastric cancer cell migration, accompanied by the activation of Cav‑1 and aggregation of lipid rafts. Nystatin, a lipid raft inhibitor, inhibited the activation of Cav‑1 and markedly reversed RANKL‑induced gastric cancer cell migration. The RANKL‑induced activation of Cav‑1 has been shown to occur with the activation of proto‑oncogene tyrosine‑protein kinase Src (c‑Src). The c‑Src inhibitor, PP2, inhibited the activation of Cav‑1 and lipid raft aggregation, and reversed RANKL‑induced gastric cancer cell migration. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that Cav‑1 was involved in RANKL‑induced cell migration in lung, renal and breast cancer cells. These results suggested that RANKL induced gastric cancer cell migration, likely through mechanisms involving the c‑Src/Cav‑1 pathway and lipid raft aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yongxi Song
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Che
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Jinglei Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yibo Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Kezuo Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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26
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Yang C, Sui Z, Xu T, Liu W, Wang X, Zeng X. Lipid raft‑associated β‑adducin participates in neutrophil migration. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1353-1360. [PMID: 29901076 PMCID: PMC6072155 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that lipid rafts and β-adducin serve an important role in leukocyte rolling. In the present study the migratory ability and behavior of neutrophils was demonstrated to rely on the integrity of the lipid raft structure. β-adducin was demonstrated to have a critical role in neutrophil migration. Knockdown of β-adducin attenuated the migratory ability of dHL-60 cells and the distribution of β-adducin in lipid raft structures was changed by N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenyl-alanine treatment. Furthermore, the findings demonstrated that the tyrosine phosphorylation of β-adducin was required for its relocation. The results of the present study suggested that the lipid raft-associated protein β-adducin may be a novel control point for the excessive infiltration of neutrophils during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Zhefeng Sui
- Hulunbeier Vocational College, Hulun Buir, Inner Mongolia 02100, P.R. China
| | - Tingshuang Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. Chin
| | - Wenai Liu
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- Department of Bioscience, School of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130032, P.R. China
| | - Xianlu Zeng
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
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Yang S, Xu J, Zeng X. A six-long non-coding RNA signature predicts prognosis in melanoma patients. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1178-1188. [PMID: 29436619 PMCID: PMC5843393 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) which may prove useful for risk-classifying patients with melanoma. For this purpose, based on a dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we selected and analyzed samples from melanoma stages I, II, III and IV, from which differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified. The lncRNAs were classified using two-way hierarchical clustering analysis and analysis of support vector machine (SVM), followed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The prognostic capacity of the signature was verified on an independent dataset. lncRNA-mRNA networks were built using signature lncRNAs and corresponding target genes. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis was conducted on the target genes. A total of 48 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified, from which 6 signature lncRNAs (AL050303 and LINC00707, LINC01324, RP11-85G21, RP4-794I6.4 and RP5-855F16) were identified. Two-way hierarchical clustering analysis revealed that the accuracy of the six-lncRNA signature in risk-stratifying samples was 84.84%, and the accuracy of the SVM classifier was 85.9%. This predictive signature performed well on the validation dataset [accuracy, 86.76; area under the ROC curve (AUROC), 0.816]. A total of 720 target genes of the 6 lncRNAs were selected for the lncRNA-mRNA networks. These genes were significantly related to mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), the neurotrophin signaling pathway, focal adhesion pathways, and several immune and inflammation-related pathways. On the whole, we identified a six-lncRNA prognostic signature for risk-stratifying patients with melanoma. These lncRNAs may affect prognosis by regulating the MAPK pathway, immune and inflammation-related pathways, the neurotrophin signaling pathway and focal adhesion pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuocheng Yang
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
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28
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Rizeq B, Zakaria Z, Ouhtit A. Towards understanding the mechanisms of actions of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 in cancer progression. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:33-42. [PMID: 29110374 PMCID: PMC5765285 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is the prototypic member of a family of highly related cell surface glycoproteins that includes carcinoembryonic antigen‐related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) and others. CEACAM6 (formerly NCA), which belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily, is a cell adhesion protein of the CEA family. It is normally expressed on the epithelial surfaces and on the surface of myeloid cells (CD66c). CEACAM6 is a multi‐functional glycoprotein that mediates homotypic binding with other CEA family members and heterotypic binding with integrin receptors. It functions by organizing tissue architecture and regulating different signal transduction, while aberrant expression leads to the development of human malignancies. It was first discovered in proliferating cells of adenomas and hyperplastic polyps in comparison to benign colonic tissue when overexpressed on the surface of various cell types in model systems. CEACAM6 functions as a pan‐inhibitor of cell differentiation and cell polarization, and it also causes distortion of tissue architecture. Moreover, overexpression of CEACAM6 modulates cancer progression through aberrant cell differentiation, anti‐apoptosis, cell growth and resistance to therapeutic agents. In addition, CEACAM6 overexpression in multiple malignancies promotes cell invasion and metastasis, thereby representing an acquired advantage of tumor cells directly responsible for an invasive phenotype. This review focuses on the findings supporting the mechanisms of actions linking the oncogenic potential of CEACAM6 to the onset of cancer progression and pathogenesis, especially in breast cancer, and to validating CEACAM6 as a target to pave the way towards the design of efficient therapeutic strategies against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balsam Rizeq
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zain Zakaria
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Allal Ouhtit
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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29
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Tumor cell cholesterol depletion and V-ATPase inhibition as an inhibitory mechanism to prevent cell migration and invasiveness in melanoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1862:684-691. [PMID: 29253593 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND V-ATPase interactions with cholesterol enriched membrane microdomains have been related to metastasis in a variety of cancers, but the underlying mechanism remains at its beginnings. It has recently been reported that the inhibition of this H+ pump affects cholesterol mobilization to the plasma membrane. METHODS Inhibition of melanoma cell migration and invasiveness was assessed by wound healing and Transwell assays in murine cell lines (B16F10 and Melan-A). V-ATPase activity was measured in vitro by ATP hydrolysis and H+ transport in membrane vesicles, and intact cell H+ fluxes were measured by using a non-invasive Scanning Ion-selective Electrode Technique (SIET). RESULTS Cholesterol depletion by 5mM MβCD was found to be inhibitory to the hydrolytic and H+ pumping activities of the V-ATPase of melanoma cell lines, as well as to the migration and invasiveness capacities of these cells. Nearly the same effects were obtained using concanamycin A, a specific inhibitor of V-ATPase, which also promoted a decrease of the H+ efflux in live cells at the same extent of MβCD. CONCLUSIONS We found that cholesterol depletion significantly affects the V-ATPase activity and the initial metastatic processes following a profile similar to those observed in the presence of the V-ATPase specific inhibitor, concanamycin. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The results shed new light on the functional role of the interactions between V-ATPases and cholesterol-enriched microdomains of cell membranes that contribute with malignant phenotypes in melanoma.
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30
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Tarzemany R, Jiang G, Jiang JX, Larjava H, Häkkinen L. Connexin 43 Hemichannels Regulate the Expression of Wound Healing-Associated Genes in Human Gingival Fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14157. [PMID: 29074845 PMCID: PMC5658368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12672-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Connexin 43 (Cx43) is the most ubiquitous connexin in various cells, and presents as hemichannels (HCs) and gap junctions (GJs) on the cell membrane. We have recently shown that Cx43 abundance was strongly reduced in fibroblasts of human gingival wounds, and blocking Cx43 function in cultured human gingival fibroblasts (GFBLs) strongly regulated the expression of wound healing-related genes. However, it is not known whether these responses involved Cx43 HCs or GJs. Here we show that Cx43 assembled into distinct GJ and HC plaques in GFBLs both in vivo and in vitro. Specific blockage of Cx43 HC function by TAT-Gap19, a Cx43 mimetic peptide, significantly upregulated the expression of several MMPs, TGF-β signaling molecules, Tenascin-C, and VEGF-A, while pro-fibrotic molecules, including several extracellular matrix proteins and myofibroblast and cell contractility-related molecules, were significantly downregulated. These changes were linked with TAT-Gap19-induced suppression of ATP signaling and activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Collectively, our data suggest that reduced Cx43 HC function could promote fast and scarless gingival wound healing. Thus, selective suppression of Cx43 HCs may provide a novel target to modulate wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Tarzemany
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Guoqiao Jiang
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jean X Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Hannu Larjava
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Lari Häkkinen
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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31
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Mao X, Chen Z, Luo Q, Zhang B, Song G. Simulated microgravity inhibits the migration of mesenchymal stem cells by remodeling actin cytoskeleton and increasing cell stiffness. Cytotechnology 2016; 68:2235-2243. [PMID: 27744595 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-0007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to microgravity during space flight affects almost all human physiological systems. Migration, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells are crucial for tissues repair and regeneration. However, the effect of microgravity on the migration potentials of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is unclear, which are important progenitor and supporting cells. Here, we utilized a clinostat to model simulated microgravity (SMG) and found that SMG obviously inhibited migration of rat BMSCs. We detected significant reorganization of F-actin filaments and increased Young's modulus of BMSCs after exposure to SMG. Moreover, Y-27632 (a specific inhibitor of ROCK) abrogated the inhibited migration capacity and polymerized F-actin filament of BMSCs under SMG. Interestingly, we found that transferring BMSCs to normal gravity also attenuated the polymerized F-actin filament and Young's modulus of BMSCs induced by SMG, but could not recover migration capacity of BMSCs inhibited by SMG. Taken together, we propose that SMG inhibits migration of BMSCs through remodeling F-actin and increasing cell stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjian Mao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Bingyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Guanbin Song
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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McLane JS, Ligon LA. Palladin mediates stiffness-induced fibroblast activation in the tumor microenvironment. Biophys J 2016. [PMID: 26200861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical properties of the tumor microenvironment have emerged as key factors in tumor progression. It has been proposed that increased tissue stiffness can transform stromal fibroblasts into carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. However, it is unclear whether the three to five times increase in stiffness seen in tumor-adjacent stroma is sufficient for fibroblast activation. In this study we developed a three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel model with precisely tunable stiffness and show that a physiologically relevant increase in stiffness is sufficient to lead to fibroblast activation. We found that soluble factors including CC-motif chemokine ligand (CCL) chemokines and fibronectin are necessary for this activation, and the combination of C-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4) chemokine receptors and β1 and β3 integrins are necessary to transduce these chemomechanical signals. We then show that these chemomechanical signals lead to the gene expression changes associated with fibroblast activation via a network of intracellular signaling pathways that include focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). Finally, we identify the actin-associated protein palladin as a key node in these signaling pathways that result in fibroblast activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S McLane
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York; Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Lee A Ligon
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York; Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York.
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33
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TNF-α promotes breast cancer cell migration and enhances the concentration of membrane-associated proteases in lipid rafts. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2016; 39:353-63. [PMID: 27042827 PMCID: PMC4972855 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-016-0280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Tumor progression is associated with cell migration, invasion and metastasis. These processes are accompanied by the activation of specific proteases that are either linked to cellular membranes or are secreted into extracellular spaces. TNF-α is known to play an important role in various aspects of tumor progression. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of TNF-α on the migration of breast cancer cells and, in addition, to assess its association with the location of membrane-associated proteases in lipid rafts. Methods Wound scratch healing and Transwell migration assays were used to study the effect of TNF-α on the migration of both hormone-dependent and hormone-independent breast cancer-derived cells, i.e., MCF7 and MDA-MB-231, respectively. The expression and secretion of three matrix metalloproteases, MMP9, MMP2 and MT1-MMP, and two dipeptidyl peptidases, CD26 and FAP-α, was investigated using RT-PCR, Western blotting and gelatin zymography. In addition, activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway was investigated by Western blotting. Results We found that a TNF-α-induced enhancement of breast cancer cell migration was accompanied by an increased secretion of MMP9, but not MMP2, into the culture media. We also found that TNF-α upregulated the expression of the dipeptidyl peptidases CD26 and FAP-α in a dose-dependent manner and, in addition, enhanced the concentration of all five proteases in lipid rafts in the breast cancer-derived cells tested, regardless of cell type. Furthermore, we found that TNF-α activated the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway by increasing the ERK1/2 phosphorylation level. Application of the MEK/ERK1/2 inhibitor U-0126 resulted in down-regulation of TNF-α-induced MMP9 secretion and abrogation of the enhanced concentration of proteases in the lipid rafts. Conclusions From our results we conclude that TNF-α-induced activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway may promote breast cancer cell migration via both upregulation of MMP9, CD26 and FAP-α and concentration of these proteases, as also MT1-MMP and MMP2, in the lipid rafts. TNF-α may serve as a potential therapeutic target in breast cancers susceptible to TNF-α stimulation.
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Kawasaki Y, Ito A, Kakoi N, Shimada S, Itoh J, Mitsuzuka K, Arai Y. Ganglioside, disialosyl globopentaosylceramide (DSGb5), enhances the migration of renal cell carcinoma cells. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2016; 236:1-7. [PMID: 25864532 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.236.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
About one third of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients exhibit metastasis upon initial presentation. However, the molecular basis for RCC metastasis is not fully understood. A ganglioside, disialosyl globopentaosylceramide (DSGb5), was originally isolated from RCC tissue extracts, and its expression is correlated with RCC metastatic potential. DSGb5 is synthesized by GalNAc α2,6-sialyltransferase VI (ST6GalNAcVI) and is expressed on the surface of RCC cells. Importantly, DSGb5 binds to sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin-7 (Siglec-7) expressed on natural killer (NK) cells, thereby inhibiting NK-cell cytotoxicity. However, the role of DSGb5 in RCC progression remains obscure. To address this issue, we used ACHN cells derived from malignant pleural effusion of a patient with metastatic RCC. Using the limiting dilution method, we isolated three independent clones with different DSGb5 expression levels. Comparison of these clones indicated that the cloned cells with high DSGb5 expression levels exhibited greater migration potential, compared to the clone with low DSGb5 expression levels. In contrast, DSGb5 expression levels exerted no significant effect on cell proliferation. We then established the ACHN-derived cell lines that stably expressed siRNA against ST6GalNAcVI mRNA or control siRNA. Importantly, the ST6GalNAcVI-knockdown cells expressed low levels of DSGb5. We thus demonstrated the significantly decreased migration potential of the ST6GalNAcVI-knockdown cells with low DSGb5 expression levels, compared to the control siRNA-transfected cells expressing high DSGb5 levels, but no significant difference in the cell proliferation. Thus, DSGb5 expression may ensure the migration of RCC cells. We propose that DSGb5 expressed on RCC cells may determine their metastatic capability.
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Johnson B, Mahadevan D. Emerging Role and Targeting of Carcinoembryonic Antigen-related Cell Adhesion Molecule 6 (CEACAM6) in Human Malignancies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 2:100-111. [PMID: 27595061 PMCID: PMC4997943 DOI: 10.2174/2212697x02666150602215823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) is a member of the CEA family of cell adhesion proteins that belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily. CEACAM6 is normally expressed on the surface of myeloid (CD66c) and epithelial surfaces. Stiochiomertic expression of members of the CEA family (CEACAM1, 5, 6, 7) on epithelia maintains normal tissue architecture through homo-and hetero-philic interactions. Dysregulated over-expression of CEACAM6 is oncogenic, is associated with anoikis resistance and an invasive phenotype mediated by excessive TGFβ, AKT, FAK and SRC signaling in human malignancies. Methods: Extensive literature review through PubMed was conducted to identify relevant preclinical and clinical research publications regarding CEACAM6 over the last decade and was summarized in this manuscript. Results: CEACAM5 and 6 are over-expressed in nearly 70% of epithelial malignancies including colorectal cancer (CRC), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), hepatobiliary, gastric, breast, non-small cell lung and head/neck cancers. Importantly, CEACAM6 is a poor prognostic marker in CRC, while its expression correlates with tumor stage, metastasis and post-operative survival in PDA. CEACAM6 appears to be an immune checkpoint suppressor in hematologic malignancies including acute lymphoblastic leukemia and multiple myeloma. Several therapeutic monoclonal antibodies or antibody fragments targeting CEACAM6 have been designed and developed as a targeted therapy for human malignancies. A Llama antibody targeting CEACAM6 is being evaluated in early phase clinical trials. Conclusion: This review focuses on the role of CEACAM6 in the pathogenesis and signaling of the malignant phenotype in solid and hematologic malignancies and highlights its potential as a therapeutic target for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny Johnson
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center & West Cancer Center, Memphis, TN,USA
| | - Daruka Mahadevan
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center & West Cancer Center, Memphis, TN,USA
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Roux A, Gilbert S, Loranger A, Marceau N. Impact of keratin intermediate filaments on insulin-mediated glucose metabolism regulation in the liver and disease association. FASEB J 2015; 30:491-502. [PMID: 26467793 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-277905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In all cells, a tight regulation exists between glucose uptake and utilization to prevent diseases related to its perturbed metabolism. In insulin-targeted cells, such as hepatocytes, proper glucose utilization requires an elaborate interplay between the insulin receptor, the glucose transporter, and mitochondria that involves the participation of actin microfilaments and microtubules. In addition, there is increasing evidence of an involvement of the third cytoskeletal network provided by intermediate filaments (IFs). Keratins belong to the multigene family of IF proteins, coordinately expressed as distinct pairs within the context of epithelial cell differentiation. Hepatocyte IFs are made up of the [keratin (K)8/K18] pair only, whereas pancreatic β-cell IFs additionally include small amounts of K7. There are accumulating examples of K8/K18 involvement in the glucose-insulin cross-talk, including the modulation of plasma glucose levels, insulin release from pancreatic β-cells, and insulin-mediated glucose uptake and glycogen production in hepatocytes after a K8/K18 loss. This review integrates the mechanistic features that support such an impact of K8/K18 IFs on insulin-dependent glucose metabolism regulation in liver and its implication in glucose- or insulin-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Roux
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Gilbert
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne Loranger
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Normand Marceau
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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Hoque M, Rentero C, Conway JR, Murray RZ, Timpson P, Enrich C, Grewal T. The cross-talk of LDL-cholesterol with cell motility: insights from the Niemann Pick Type C1 mutation and altered integrin trafficking. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 9:384-91. [PMID: 26366834 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2015.1019996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is considered indispensible for the recruitment and functioning of integrins in focal adhesions for cell migration. However, the physiological cholesterol pools that control integrin trafficking and focal adhesion assembly remain unclear. Using Niemann Pick Type C1 (NPC) mutant cells, which accumulate Low Density lipoprotein (LDL)-derived cholesterol in late endosomes (LE), several recent studies indicate that LDL-cholesterol has multiple roles in regulating focal adhesion dynamics. Firstly, targeting of endocytosed LDL-cholesterol from LE to focal adhesions controls their formation at the leading edge of migrating cells. Other newly emerging literature suggests that this may be coupled to vesicular transport of integrins, Src kinase and metalloproteases from the LE compartment to focal adhesions. Secondly, our recent work identified LDL-cholesterol as a key factor that determines the distribution and ability of several Soluble NSF Attachment Protein (SNAP) Receptor (SNARE) proteins, key players in vesicle transport, to control integrin trafficking to the cell surface and extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion. Collectively, dietary, genetic and pathological changes in cholesterol metabolism may link with efficiency and speed of integrin and ECM cell surface delivery in metastatic cancer cells. This commentary will summarize how direct and indirect pathways enable LDL-cholesterol to modulate cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monira Hoque
- a Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Sydney ; Sydney , Australia
| | - Carles Rentero
- b Departament de Biologia Cellular ; Immunologia i Neurociències; Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Facultat de Medicina; Universitat de Barcelona ; Barcelona , Spain
| | - James R Conway
- c Cancer Research Program; The Kinghorn Cancer Center; Garvan Institute of Medical Research ; Darlinghurst , Australia
| | - Rachael Z Murray
- d Tissue Repair and Regeneration Program; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation; Queensland University of Technology ; Brisbane , Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- c Cancer Research Program; The Kinghorn Cancer Center; Garvan Institute of Medical Research ; Darlinghurst , Australia
| | - Carlos Enrich
- b Departament de Biologia Cellular ; Immunologia i Neurociències; Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Facultat de Medicina; Universitat de Barcelona ; Barcelona , Spain
| | - Thomas Grewal
- a Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Sydney ; Sydney , Australia
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Zhang Y, Fang N, You J, Zhou Q. [Advances in the relationship between tumor cell metabolism and tumor metastasis]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2015; 17:812-8. [PMID: 25404272 PMCID: PMC6000352 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2014.11.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular nutrients and the rate of energy flowing in tumor cells are often higher than that in normal cells due to the prolonged stress of tumor-specific microenvironment. In this context, the metabolism of tumor cells provides the fuel of bio-synthesis and energy required for tumor metastasis. Consistent with this, the abnormal metabolism such as extremely active glucose metabolism and excessive accumulating of fatty acid is also discovered in metastatic tumors. Previous Studies have confirmed that the regulation of tumor metabolism can affect the tumor metastasis, and some of these have been successfully applied in clinical effective, positive way. Thus, targeting metabolism of tumor cells might be an effectively positive way to prevent the metastasis of tumor. So, our review is focused on the research development of the relationship between tumor metabolism and metastasis as well as the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Nianzhen Fang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jiacong You
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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Ravelli C, Grillo E, Corsini M, Coltrini D, Presta M, Mitola S. β3 Integrin Promotes Long-Lasting Activation and Polarization of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 by Immobilized Ligand. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2161-71. [PMID: 26293466 PMCID: PMC4894810 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective— During neovessel formation, angiogenic growth factors associate with the extracellular matrix. These immobilized factors represent a persistent stimulus for the otherwise quiescent endothelial cells (ECs), driving directional EC migration and proliferation and leading to new blood vessel growth. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) is the main mediator of angiogenesis. Although VEGFR2 signaling has been deeply characterized, little is known about its subcellular localization during neovessel formation. Aim of this study was the characterization and molecular determinants of activated VEGFR2 localization in ECs during neovessel formation in response to matrix-immobilized ligand. Approach and Results— Here we demonstrate that ECs stimulated by extracellular matrix–associated gremlin, a noncanonical VEGFR2 ligand, are polarized and relocate the receptor in close contact with the angiogenic factor–enriched matrix both in vitro and in vivo. GM1 (monosialotetrahexosylganglioside)-positive planar lipid rafts, β3 integrin receptors, and the intracellular signaling transducers focal adhesion kinase and RhoA (Ras homolog gene family, member A) cooperate to promote VEGFR2 long-term polarization and activation. Conclusions— A ligand anchored to the extracellular matrix induces VEGFR2 polarization in ECs. Long-lasting VEGFR2 relocation is closely dependent on lipid raft integrity and activation of β3 integrin pathway. The study of the endothelial responses to immobilized growth factors may offer insights into the angiogenic process in physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer, and for a better engineering of synthetic tissue scaffolds to blend with the host vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosetta Ravelli
- From the Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Grillo
- From the Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michela Corsini
- From the Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Coltrini
- From the Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Presta
- From the Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Stefania Mitola
- From the Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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Differentially expressed microRNAs and affected signaling pathways in placentae of transgenic cloned cattle. Theriogenology 2014; 82:338-46.e3. [PMID: 24853279 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Placental deficiencies are related to the developmental abnormalities of transgenic cattle produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer, but the concrete molecular mechanism is not very clear. Studies have shown that placental development can be regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) in normal pregnancy. Thus, this study screened differentially expressed miRNAs by the next-generation sequencing technology to reveal the relationship between miRNAs expression and aberrant development of placentae produced by the transgenic-clone technology. Expressions of miRNAs and mRNAs in different placentae were compared, the placentae derived from one natural pregnancy counterpart (PNC), one natural pregnancy of a cloned offspring as a mother (PCM), and two transgenic (human beta-defensin-3) cloned pregnancy: one offspring was alive after birth (POL) and the other offspring was dead in 2 days after birth (POD). Further, signaling pathway analysis was conducted. The results indicated that 694 miRNAs were differentially expressed in four placental samples, such as miR-210, miR-155, miR-21, miR-128, miR-183, and miR-145. Signaling pathway analysis revealed that compared with PNC, significantly upregulated pathways in POL, POD, and PCM mainly included focal adhesion, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, pathways in cancer, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, endosytosis, and adherens junction, and significantly downregulated pathways mainly included malaria, nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptor signaling, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Jak-STAT signaling pathway. In conclusion, this study confirmed alterations of the expression profile of miRNAs and signaling pathways in placentae from transgenic (hBD-3) cloned cattle (PTCC), which could lead to the morphologic and histologic deficiencies of PTCC. This information would be useful for the relative research in future.
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