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Barbosa-Silva A, Magalhães M, da Silva GF, da Silva FAB, Carneiro FRG, Carels N. A Data Science Approach for the Identification of Molecular Signatures of Aggressive Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2325. [PMID: 35565454 PMCID: PMC9103663 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The main hallmarks of cancer include sustaining proliferative signaling and resisting cell death. We analyzed the genes of the WNT pathway and seven cross-linked pathways that may explain the differences in aggressiveness among cancer types. We divided six cancer types (liver, lung, stomach, kidney, prostate, and thyroid) into classes of high (H) and low (L) aggressiveness considering the TCGA data, and their correlations between Shannon entropy and 5-year overall survival (OS). Then, we used principal component analysis (PCA), a random forest classifier (RFC), and protein-protein interactions (PPI) to find the genes that correlated with aggressiveness. Using PCA, we found GRB2, CTNNB1, SKP1, CSNK2A1, PRKDC, HDAC1, YWHAZ, YWHAB, and PSMD2. Except for PSMD2, the RFC analysis showed a different list, which was CAD, PSMD14, APH1A, PSMD2, SHC1, TMEFF2, PSMD11, H2AFZ, PSMB5, and NOTCH1. Both methods use different algorithmic approaches and have different purposes, which explains the discrepancy between the two gene lists. The key genes of aggressiveness found by PCA were those that maximized the separation of H and L classes according to its third component, which represented 19% of the total variance. By contrast, RFC classified whether the RNA-seq of a tumor sample was of the H or L type. Interestingly, PPIs showed that the genes of PCA and RFC lists were connected neighbors in the PPI signaling network of WNT and cross-linked pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Barbosa-Silva
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Centre for Translational Bioinformatics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E14NS, UK
- ITTM S.A.—Information Technology for Translational Medicine, Esch-sur-Alzette, 4354 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Milena Magalhães
- Plataforma de Modelagem de Sistemas Biológicos, Center for Technology Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040900, Brazil; (M.M.); (G.F.d.S.)
| | - Gilberto Ferreira da Silva
- Plataforma de Modelagem de Sistemas Biológicos, Center for Technology Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040900, Brazil; (M.M.); (G.F.d.S.)
| | - Fabricio Alves Barbosa da Silva
- Laboratório de Modelagem Computacional de Sistemas Biológicos, Scientific Computing Program, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040900, Brazil;
| | - Flávia Raquel Gonçalves Carneiro
- Center for Technology Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040900, Brazil
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040900, Brazil
- Program of Immunology and Tumor Biology, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231050, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Carels
- Plataforma de Modelagem de Sistemas Biológicos, Center for Technology Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040900, Brazil; (M.M.); (G.F.d.S.)
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Hasan MF, Ganapathy K, Sun J, Khatib A, Andl T, Soulakova JN, Coppola D, Zhang W, Chakrabarti R. LncRNA PAINT is associated with aggressive prostate cancer and dysregulation of cancer hallmark genes. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:10.1002/ijc.33569. [PMID: 33729568 PMCID: PMC9211384 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play regulatory role in cellular processes and their aberrant expression may drive cancer progression. Here we report the function of a lncRNA PAINT (prostate cancer associated intergenic noncoding transcript) in promoting prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Upregulation of PAINT was noted in advanced stage and metastatic PCa. Inhibition of PAINT decreased cell proliferation, S-phase progression, increased expression of apoptotic markers, and improved sensitivity to docetaxel and Aurora kinase inhibitor VX-680. Inhibition of PAINT decreased cell migration and reduced expression of Slug and Vimentin. Ectopic expression of PAINT suppressed E-cadherin, increased S-phase progression and cell migration. PAINT expression in PCa cells induced larger colony formation, increased tumor growth and higher expression of mesenchymal markers. Transcriptome analysis followed by qRT-PCR validation showed differentially expressed genes involved in epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), apoptosis and drug resistance in PAINT-expressing cells. Our study establishes an oncogenic function of PAINT in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Faqrul Hasan
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Kavya Ganapathy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Jiao Sun
- Department of Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Ayman Khatib
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Thomas Andl
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Julia N. Soulakova
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Domenico Coppola
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
- Florida Digestive Health Specialists, Bradenton, Florida
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Ratna Chakrabarti
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
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Masood M, Grimm S, El-Bahrawy M, Yagüe E. TMEFF2: A Transmembrane Proteoglycan with Multifaceted Actions in Cancer and Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123862. [PMID: 33371267 PMCID: PMC7766544 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We recently came across an intriguing protein while screening for tumour-specific apoptosis inducers. It is known as the transmembrane protein with an EGF-like and two Follistatin-like domains 2 (TMEFF2). The gene was identified and characterized by five different groups almost simultaneously around 2000. Physiological function of TMEFF2 is elusive; however, the protein is reported to be involved in wide-ranging physiological and pathological functions including neuroprotection in Alzheimer’s diseases, interferon induction and one-carbon metabolism. Moreover, the TMEFF2 promoter and 5′-upstream regions harbour a CpG island which is progressively methylated upon progression in a wide variety of cancers. Numerous primary publications suggest the methylation of TMEFF2 as a prognostic and even diagnostic marker in different cancers. The primary literature regarding TMEFF2 is distributed far and wide, and despite having more than 150 primary publications mentioning TMEFF2 (or its aliases) in the title or abstract on PubMed, a comprehensive literature review is not available. We believe the reason behind this is firstly the sheer diversity of subjects of these publications and secondly the numerous primary publications reporting contradictory information about TMEFF2, especially when it comes to its oncogenic versus the onco-suppressive roles. The interest in TMEFF2 is growing again; PubMed returning at least 60 publications mentioning TMEFF2 (or its aliases) within the last year. We have made a laborious effort and written a comprehensive review article on TMEFF2 where we have not only compiled and contextualized the information regarding it but also critically analysed the information in the major primary publications. In addition, we have proposed some answers to the apparent TMEFF2 disagreements on its function. This information could serve as a valuable tool for readers not only about TMEFF2 but also on the dual role of type-I transmembrane proteoglycans (harbouring Follistatin-like domains) in oncogenesis and onco-suppression. Abstract Transmembrane protein with an EGF-like and two Follistatin-like domains 2 (TMEFF2) is a 374-residue long type-I transmembrane proteoglycan which is proteolytically shed from the cell surface. The protein is involved in a range of functions including metabolism, neuroprotection, apoptosis, embryonic development, onco-suppression and endocrine function. TMEFF2 is methylated in numerous cancers, and an inverse correlation with the stage, response to therapy and survival outcome has been observed. Moreover, TMEFF2 methylation increases with breast, colon and gastric cancer progression. TMEFF2 is methylated early during oncogenesis in breast and colorectal cancer, and the detection of methylated free-circulating TMEFF2 DNA has been suggested as a potential diagnostic tool. The TMEFF2 downregulation signature equals and sometimes outperforms the Gleason and pathological scores in prostate cancer. TMEFF2 is downregulated in glioma and cotricotropinomas, and it impairs the production of adrenocorticotropic hormone in glioma cells. Interestingly, through binding the amyloid β protein, its precursor and derivatives, TMEFF2 provides neuroprotection in Alzheimer’s disease. Despite undergoing extensive investigation over the last two decades, the primary literature regarding TMEFF2 is incoherent and offers conflicting information, in particular, the oncogenic vs. onco-suppressive role of TMEFF2 in prostate cancer. For the first time, we have compiled, contextualised and critically analysed the vast body of TMEFF2-related literature and answered the apparent discrepancies regarding its function, tissue expression, intracellular localization and oncogenic vs. onco-suppressive role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motasim Masood
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK;
| | - Stefan Grimm
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK;
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- Correspondence: (M.E.-B.); (E.Y.); Tel.: +44-(0)77-7157-4968 (M.E.B.); +44-(0)20-7594-2802 (E.Y.)
| | - Ernesto Yagüe
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK;
- Correspondence: (M.E.-B.); (E.Y.); Tel.: +44-(0)77-7157-4968 (M.E.B.); +44-(0)20-7594-2802 (E.Y.)
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De Palma FDE, Del Monaco V, Pol JG, Kremer M, D’Argenio V, Stoll G, Montanaro D, Uszczyńska-Ratajczak B, Klein CC, Vlasova A, Botti G, D’Aiuto M, Baldi A, Guigó R, Kroemer G, Maiuri MC, Salvatore F. The abundance of the long intergenic non-coding RNA 01087 differentiates between luminal and triple-negative breast cancers and predicts patient outcome. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Han H, Zhan Z, Xu J, Song Z. TMEFF2 inhibits pancreatic cancer cells proliferation, migration, and invasion by suppressing phosphorylation of the MAPK signaling pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:11371-11382. [PMID: 31920328 PMCID: PMC6939404 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s210619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This paper studied the effect of TMEFF2 expression on pancreatic cancer and its mechanism. Methods A total of 72 pancreatic cancer patients were enrolled. AsPC1 and Panc1 cells were transfected. SB203580 was used to treat AsPC1 cells. CCK8 assay, colony formation analysis, Transwell experiment and Tunel test were performed. In vivo studies in nude mice were conducted. Immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect genes expression. Results TMEFF2 was downregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues and cells (P<0.001). Low TMEFF2 expression was associated with larger tumor size and advanced stage and poor differentiation (P<0.01). Compared with the NC group, AsPC1 and Panc1 cells of the TMEFF2 group exhibited much lower OD450 values, colony number, tumor volume and weight, migration and invasion cell numbers, obviously higher E-cadherin protein expression, lower Snail, Vimentin, MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins expression, lower phosphorylation level of MAPK signaling pathway, and more apoptotic cells. AsPC1 cells of the SB203580 group showed much lower OD450 value when compared with the siTMEFF2 group. Significantly decreased colony number, migration and invasion number, higher E-cadherin protein expression and lower Snail, Vimentin, MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins expression were found in AsPC1 cells of the siTMEFF2+ SB203580 group when compared with the siTMEFF2+ DMSO group. Conclusion TMEFF2 inhibits pancreatic cancer cells proliferation, migration, and invasion by suppressing the phosphorylation of the MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Shanghai No. 10 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilin Zhan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chizhou People's Hospital, Chizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenshun Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Shanghai No. 10 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Scarano WR, Bedrat A, Alonso-Costa LG, Aquino AM, Fantinatti B, Justulin LA, Barbisan LF, Freire PP, Flaws JA, Bernardo L. Exposure to an environmentally relevant phthalate mixture during prostate development induces microRNA upregulation and transcriptome modulation in rats. Toxicol Sci 2019; 171:84-97. [PMID: 31199487 PMCID: PMC6736208 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental exposure to phthalates during intrauterine development might increase susceptibility to neoplasms in reproductive organs such as the prostate. Although studies have suggested an increase in prostatic lesions in adult animals submitted to perinatal exposure to phthalates, the molecular pathways underlying these alterations remain unclear. Genome-wide levels of mRNAs and miRNAs were monitored with RNA-seq to determine if perinatal exposure to a phthalate mixture in pregnant rats is capable of modifying gene expression expression during prostate development of the filial generation. The mixture contains diethyl-phthalate, di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate, dibutyl-phthalate, di-isononyl-phthalate, di-isobutyl-phthalate, and benzylbutyl-phthalate. Pregnant females were divided into 4 groups and orally dosed daily from GD10 to PND21 with corn oil (Control:C) or the phthalate mixture at three doses (20 μg/kg/d:T1; 200 μg/kg/d:T2; 200 mg/kg/d:T3). The phthalate mixture decreased anogenital distance, prostate weight and decreased testosterone level at the lowest exposure dose at PND22. The mixture also increased inflammatory foci and focal hyperplasia incidence at PND120. miR-184 was upregulated in all treated groups in relation to control and miR-141-3p was only upregulated at the lowest dose. In addition, 120 genes were deregulated at the lowest dose with several of these genes related to developmental, differentiation and oncogenesis. The data indicate that phthalate exposure at lower doses can cause greater gene expression modulation as well as other downstream phenotypes than exposure at higher doses. A significant fraction of the downregulated genes were predicted to be targets of miR-141-3p and miR-184, both of which were induced at the lower exposure doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellerson R Scarano
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Morphology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health & Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amina Bedrat
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health & Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luiz G Alonso-Costa
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Morphology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Ariana M Aquino
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Morphology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Fantinatti
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Morphology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis A Justulin
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Morphology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis F Barbisan
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Morphology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula P Freire
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Morphology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL
| | - Lemos Bernardo
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health & Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Boston, MA, USA
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A TMEFF2-regulated cell cycle derived gene signature is prognostic of recurrence risk in prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:423. [PMID: 31060542 PMCID: PMC6503380 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5592-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical behavior of prostate cancer (PCa) is variable, and while the majority of cases remain indolent, 10% of patients progress to deadly forms of the disease. Current clinical predictors used at the time of diagnosis have limitations to accurately establish progression risk. Here we describe the development of a tumor suppressor regulated, cell-cycle gene expression based prognostic signature for PCa, and validate its independent contribution to risk stratification in several radical prostatectomy (RP) patient cohorts. Methods We used RNA interference experiments in PCa cell lines to identify a gene expression based gene signature associated with Tmeff2, an androgen regulated, tumor suppressor gene whose expression shows remarkable heterogeneity in PCa. Gene expression was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Correlation of the signature with disease outcome (time to recurrence) was retrospectively evaluated in four geographically different cohorts of patients that underwent RP (834 samples), using multivariate logistical regression analysis. Multivariate analyses were adjusted for standard clinicopathological variables. Performance of the signature was compared to previously described gene expression based signatures using the SigCheck software. Results Low levels of TMEFF2 mRNA significantly (p < 0.0001) correlated with reduced disease-free survival (DFS) in patients from the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) dataset. We identified a panel of 11 TMEFF2 regulated cell cycle related genes (TMCC11), with strong prognostic value. TMCC11 expression was significantly associated with time to recurrence after prostatectomy in four geographically different patient cohorts (2.9 ≤ HR ≥ 4.1; p ≤ 0.002), served as an independent indicator of poor prognosis in the four RP cohorts (1.96 ≤ HR ≥ 4.28; p ≤ 0.032) and improved the prognostic value of standard clinicopathological markers. The prognostic ability of TMCC11 panel exceeded previously published oncogenic gene signatures (p = 0.00017). Conclusions This study provides evidence that the TMCC11 gene signature is a robust independent prognostic marker for PCa, reveals the value of using highly heterogeneously expressed genes, like Tmeff2, as guides to discover prognostic indicators, and suggests the possibility that low Tmeff2 expression marks a distinct subclass of PCa. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5592-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Brauer PR, Kim JH, Ochoa HJ, Stratton ER, Black KM, Rosencrans W, Stacey E, Hagos EG. Krüppel-like factor 4 mediates cellular migration and invasion by altering RhoA activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 24:1-10. [PMID: 29498307 DOI: 10.1080/15419061.2018.1444034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Kru¨ppel like factor 4 (KLF4) is a transcription factor that regulates genes related to differentiation and proliferation. KLF4 also plays a role in metastasis via epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Here, we investigate the function of Klf4 in migration and invasion using mouse embryonic fibroblasts and the RKO human colon cancer cell line. Compared to wild-type, cells lacking Klf4 exhibited increased migration-associated phenotypes. In addition, overexpression of Klf4 in Klf4-/- MEFs attenuated the presence of stress fibers to wild-type levels. An invasion assay suggested that lack of Klf4 resulted in increased invasive capacity. Finally, analysis of RhoA showed elevated RhoA activity in both RKO and MEF cells. Taken together, our results strongly support the novel role of KLF4 in a post-translational regulatory mechanism where KLF4 indirectly modulates the actin cytoskeleton morphology via activity of RhoA in order to inhibit cellular migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R Brauer
- a Department of Biology , Colgate University , Hamilton , NY , USA
| | - Jee Hun Kim
- a Department of Biology , Colgate University , Hamilton , NY , USA
| | - Humberto J Ochoa
- a Department of Biology , Colgate University , Hamilton , NY , USA.,b Center for Cancer Research, Lab of Cancer Biology and Genetics , National Cancer Institute , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | | | - Kathryn M Black
- a Department of Biology , Colgate University , Hamilton , NY , USA.,c School of Medicine , Tulane University , New Orleans , LA , USA
| | | | - Eliza Stacey
- a Department of Biology , Colgate University , Hamilton , NY , USA
| | - Engda G Hagos
- a Department of Biology , Colgate University , Hamilton , NY , USA
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Gaweł‐Bęben K, Ali N, Ellis V, Velasco G, Poghosyan Z, Ager A, Knäuper V. TMEFF2 shedding is regulated by oxidative stress and mediated by ADAMs and transmembrane serine proteases implicated in prostate cancer. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:273-280. [PMID: 28762604 PMCID: PMC5836882 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
TMEFF2 is a type I transmembrane protein with two follistatin (FS) and one EGF-like domain over-expressed in prostate cancer; however its biological role in prostate cancer development and progression remains unclear, which may, at least in part, be explained by its proteolytic processing. The extracellular part of TMEFF2 (TMEFF2-ECD) is cleaved by ADAM17 and the membrane-retained fragment is further processed by the gamma-secretase complex. TMEFF2 shedding is increased with cell crowding, a condition associated with the tumour microenvironment, which was mediated by oxidative stress signalling, requiring jun-kinase (JNK) activation. Moreover, we have identified that TMEFF2 is also a novel substrate for other proteases implicated in prostate cancer, including two ADAMs (ADAM9 and ADAM12) and the type II transmembrane serine proteinases (TTSPs) matriptase-1 and hepsin. Whereas cleavage by ADAM9 and ADAM12 generates previously identified TMEFF2-ECD, proteolytic processing by matriptase-1 and hepsin produced TMEFF2 fragments, composed of TMEFF2-ECD or FS and/or EGF-like domains as well as novel membrane retained fragments. Differential TMEFF2 processing from a single transmembrane protein may be a general mechanism to modulate transmembrane protein levels and domains, dependent on the repertoire of ADAMs or TTSPs expressed by the target cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gaweł‐Bęben
- School of MedicineUniversity of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow2 Sucharskiego Str.35‐225 RzeszowPoland
- School of DentistryCollege of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffCF14 4XYUnited Kingdom
| | - Nazim Ali
- School of DentistryCollege of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffCF14 4XYUnited Kingdom
- School of MedicineUniversity of KeeleKeeleST5 5BGUnited Kingdom
| | - Vincent Ellis
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUnited Kingdom
| | - Gloria Velasco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de Oviedo33006 OviedoSpain
| | - Zaruhi Poghosyan
- School of MedicineCollege of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffCF14 4XYUnited Kingdom
| | - Ann Ager
- School of MedicineCollege of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffCF14 4XYUnited Kingdom
| | - Vera Knäuper
- School of DentistryCollege of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffCF14 4XYUnited Kingdom
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Cheng S, Castillo V, Welty M, Eliaz I, Sliva D. Honokiol inhibits migration of renal cell carcinoma through activation of RhoA/ROCK/MLC signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:1525-1530. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Corbin JM, Overcash RF, Wren JD, Coburn A, Tipton GJ, Ezzell JA, McNaughton KK, Fung KM, Kosanke SD, Ruiz-Echevarria MJ. Analysis of TMEFF2 allografts and transgenic mouse models reveals roles in prostate regeneration and cancer. Prostate 2016; 76:97-113. [PMID: 26417683 PMCID: PMC4722803 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous results from our lab indicate a tumor suppressor role for the transmembrane protein with epidermal growth factor and two follistatin motifs 2 (TMEFF2) in prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we further characterize this role and uncover new functions for TMEFF2 in cancer and adult prostate regeneration. METHODS The role of TMEFF2 was examined in PCa cells using Matrigel(TM) cultures and allograft models of PCa cells. In addition, we developed a transgenic mouse model that expresses TMEFF2 from a prostate specific promoter. Anatomical, histological, and metabolic characterizations of the transgenic mouse prostate were conducted. The effect of TMEFF2 in prostate regeneration was studied by analyzing branching morphogenesis in the TMEFF2-expressing mouse lobes and alterations in branching morphogenesis were correlated with the metabolomic profiles of the mouse lobes. The role of TMEFF2 in prostate tumorigenesis in whole animals was investigated by crossing the TMEFF2 transgenic mice with the TRAMP mouse model of PCa and analyzing the histopathological changes in the progeny. RESULTS Ectopic expression of TMEFF2 impairs growth of PCa cells in Matrigel or allograft models. Surprisingly, while TMEFF2 expression in the TRAMP mouse did not have a significant effect on the glandular prostate epithelial lesions, the double TRAMP/TMEFF2 transgenic mice displayed an increased incidence of neuroendocrine type tumors. In addition, TMEFF2 promoted increased branching specifically in the dorsal lobe of the prostate suggesting a potential role in developmental processes. These results correlated with data indicating an alteration in the metabolic profile of the dorsal lobe of the transgenic TMEFF2 mice. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results confirm the tumor suppressor role of TMEFF2 and suggest that ectopic expression of TMEFF2 in mouse prostate leads to additional lobe-specific effects in prostate regeneration and tumorigenesis. This points to a complex and multifunctional role for TMEFF2 during PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- JM. Corbin
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center. Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - RF. Overcash
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - JD. Wren
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program. Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation. Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - A. Coburn
- Department of Comparative Medicine. East Carolina University. Greenville, NC, USA
| | - GJ. Tipton
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - JA. Ezzell
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - KK. McNaughton
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - KM Fung
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center. Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - SD. Kosanke
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center. Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - MJ Ruiz-Echevarria
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center. Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center. Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Correspondence to: MJ. Ruiz-Echevarria, Associate Professor of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Stanton L. Young Biomedical Research Center, 975 N.E. 10th Street, Room 1368A, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104. Phone: (405) 271.1871; Fax: (405) 271.2141.
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12
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Chen W, Delongchamps NB, Mao K, Beuvon F, Peyromaure M, Liu Z, Dinh-Xuan AT. High RhoA expression at the tumor front in clinically localized prostate cancer and association with poor tumor differentiation. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:1375-1381. [PMID: 26893746 PMCID: PMC4734255 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.4070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA) has been reported as essential to the invasion process and aggressiveness of numerous cancers. However, there are only sparse data on the expression and activity of RhoA in clinically localised prostate cancer. In numerous cancers, tumour cells at the invasive front demonstrate more aggressive behaviour in comparison with the cells in the central regions. In the present study, the expression and activity of RhoA was evaluated in 34 paraffin-embedded and 20 frozen prostate tissue specimens obtained from 45 patients treated with radical prostatectomy for clinically localised cancer. The expression patterns of RhoA were assessed by immunohistochemical staining and western blotting. Additional comparisons were performed between the tumour centre, tumour front and distant peritumoural tissue. RhoA activity was assessed by G-LISA. Associations between RhoA expression and the clinical features and outcome of the patients were also analysed. The present study found an increasing gradient of expression from the centre to the periphery of index tumour foci. RhoA expression was significantly increased at the tumour front compared to the tumour centre, which was determined using immunohistochemistry (P=0.001). Increased RhoA expression was associated with poor tumour differentiation in the tumour front (P=0.044) and tumour centre (P=0.039). Subsequent to a median follow-up period of 52 months, the rate of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) relapse was increased in patients with higher RhoA expression at the tumour front when compared with patients with lower RhoA expression (62.5 vs. 35.0%), although the difference was not significant (P=0.09). There was no association between RhoA expression and the PSA level or pathological stage in the present study. In conclusion, RhoA expression was increased at the tumour front and was associated with poor tumour differentiation in the tumour front and tumour centre, indicating the potential role of RhoA in prostate cancer. RhoA expression may also act as a prognostic factor in prostate cancer. The present data provide a foundation for novel therapeutic approaches by targeting RhoA in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China; Department of Functional Physiology, School of Medicine, Cochin Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris 75014, France
| | | | - Kaili Mao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Frédéric Beuvon
- Department of Pathology, Cochin Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris 75014, France
| | - Michaël Peyromaure
- Department of Urology, Cochin Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris 75014, France
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Anh Tuan Dinh-Xuan
- Department of Functional Physiology, School of Medicine, Cochin Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris 75014, France; Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
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