1
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Erazo-Oliveras A, Muñoz-Vega M, Salinas ML, Wang X, Chapkin RS. Dysregulation of cellular membrane homeostasis as a crucial modulator of cancer risk. FEBS J 2024; 291:1299-1352. [PMID: 36282100 PMCID: PMC10126207 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cellular membranes serve as an epicentre combining extracellular and cytosolic components with membranous effectors, which together support numerous fundamental cellular signalling pathways that mediate biological responses. To execute their functions, membrane proteins, lipids and carbohydrates arrange, in a highly coordinated manner, into well-defined assemblies displaying diverse biological and biophysical characteristics that modulate several signalling events. The loss of membrane homeostasis can trigger oncogenic signalling. More recently, it has been documented that select membrane active dietaries (MADs) can reshape biological membranes and subsequently decrease cancer risk. In this review, we emphasize the significance of membrane domain structure, organization and their signalling functionalities as well as how loss of membrane homeostasis can steer aberrant signalling. Moreover, we describe in detail the complexities associated with the examination of these membrane domains and their association with cancer. Finally, we summarize the current literature on MADs and their effects on cellular membranes, including various mechanisms of dietary chemoprevention/interception and the functional links between nutritional bioactives, membrane homeostasis and cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Erazo-Oliveras
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
| | - Mónica Muñoz-Vega
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
| | - Michael L. Salinas
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Center for Environmental Health Research; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
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2
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Sajman J, Yakovian O, Unger Deshet N, Almog S, Horn G, Waks T, Globerson Levin A, Sherman E. Nanoscale CAR Organization at the Immune Synapse Correlates with CAR-T Effector Functions. Cells 2023; 12:2261. [PMID: 37759484 PMCID: PMC10527520 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are at the forefront of clinical treatment of cancers. Still, the nanoscale organization of CARs at the interface of CAR-Ts with target cells, which is essential for TCR-mediated T cell activation, remains poorly understood. Here, we studied the nanoscale organization of CARs targeting CD138 proteoglycans in such fixed and live interfaces, generated optimally for single-molecule localization microscopy. CARs showed significant self-association in nanoclusters that was enhanced in interfaces with on-target cells (SKOV-3, CAG, FaDu) relative to negative cells (OVCAR-3). CARs also segregated more efficiently from the abundant membrane phosphatase CD45 in CAR-T cells forming such interfaces. CAR clustering and segregation from CD45 correlated with the effector functions of Ca++ influx and target cell killing. Our results shed new light on the nanoscale organization of CARs on the surfaces of CAR-Ts engaging on- and off-target cells, and its potential significance for CAR-Ts' efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sajman
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem 91160, Israel
| | - Oren Yakovian
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Naamit Unger Deshet
- Immunology and Advanced CAR-T Cell Therapy Laboratory, Research & Development Department, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Shaked Almog
- Immunology and Advanced CAR-T Cell Therapy Laboratory, Research & Development Department, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Galit Horn
- Immunology and Advanced CAR-T Cell Therapy Laboratory, Research & Development Department, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Tova Waks
- Immunology and Advanced CAR-T Cell Therapy Laboratory, Research & Development Department, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Anat Globerson Levin
- Immunology and Advanced CAR-T Cell Therapy Laboratory, Research & Development Department, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Dotan Center for Advanced Therapies, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Eilon Sherman
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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3
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Nieves DJ, Pandzic E, Gunasinghe SD, Goyette J, Owen DM, Justin Gooding J, Gaus K. The T cell receptor displays lateral signal propagation involving non-engaged receptors. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3513-3526. [PMID: 35171177 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05855j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
T cells are highly sensitive to low levels of antigen, but how this sensitivity is achieved is currently unknown. Here, we imaged proximal TCR-CD3 signal propagation with single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) in T cells activated with nanoscale clusters of TCR stimuli. We observed the formation of large TCR-CD3 clusters that exceeded the area of the ligand clusters, and required multivalent interactions facilitated by TCR-CD3 phosphorylation for assembly. Within these clustered TCR-CD3 domains, TCR-CD3 signaling spread laterally for ∼500 nm, far beyond the activating site, via non-engaged receptors. Local receptor density determined the functional cooperativity between engaged and non-engaged receptors, but lateral signal propagation was not influenced by the genetic deletion of ZAP70. Taken together, our data demonstrates that clustered ligands induced the clustering of non-ligated TCR-CD3 into domains that cooperatively facilitate lateral signal propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Nieves
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Mathematics, and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Elvis Pandzic
- Katharina Gaus Light Microscopy Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sachith D Gunasinghe
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jesse Goyette
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dylan M Owen
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Mathematics, and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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4
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Sajman J, Razvag Y, Schidorsky S, Kinrot S, Hermon K, Yakovian O, Sherman E. Adhering interacting cells to two opposing coverslips allows super-resolution imaging of cell-cell interfaces. Commun Biol 2021; 4:439. [PMID: 33795833 PMCID: PMC8016881 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01960-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell interfaces convey mechanical and chemical information in multicellular systems. Microscopy has revealed intricate structure of such interfaces, yet typically with limited resolution due to diffraction and unfavourable orthogonal orientation of the interface to the coverslip. We present a simple and robust way to align cell-cell interfaces in parallel to the coverslip by adhering the interacting cells to two opposing coverslips. We demonstrate high-quality diffraction-limited and super-resolution imaging of interfaces (immune-synapses) between fixed and live CD8+ T-cells and either antigen presenting cells or melanoma cells. Imaging methods include bright-field, confocal, STED, dSTORM, SOFI, SRRF and large-scale tiled images. The low background, lack of aberrations and enhanced spatial stability of our method relative to existing cell-trapping techniques allow use of these methods. We expect that the simplicity and wide-compatibility of our approach will allow its wide dissemination for super-resolving the intricate structure and molecular organization in a variety of cell-cell interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sajman
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yair Razvag
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Seon Kinrot
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Graduate Program in Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kobi Hermon
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Oren Yakovian
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eilon Sherman
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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5
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Lamerton RE, Lightfoot A, Nieves DJ, Owen DM. The Role of Protein and Lipid Clustering in Lymphocyte Activation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:600961. [PMID: 33767692 PMCID: PMC7986720 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.600961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytes must strike a delicate balance between activating in response to signals from potentially pathogenic organisms and avoiding activation from stimuli emanating from the body's own cells. For cells, such as T or B cells, maximizing the efficiency and fidelity, whilst minimizing the crosstalk, of complex signaling pathways is crucial. One way of achieving this control is by carefully orchestrating the spatiotemporal organization of signaling molecules, thereby regulating the rates of protein-protein interactions. This is particularly true at the plasma membrane where proximal signaling events take place and the phenomenon of protein microclustering has been extensively observed and characterized. This review will focus on what is known about the heterogeneous distribution of proteins and lipids at the cell surface, illustrating how such distributions can influence signaling in health and disease. We particularly focus on nanoscale molecular organization, which has recently become accessible for study through advances in microscope technology and analysis methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Lamerton
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Mathematics and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Abbey Lightfoot
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Mathematics and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Nieves
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Mathematics and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dylan M Owen
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Mathematics and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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6
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Balagopalan L, Raychaudhuri K, Samelson LE. Microclusters as T Cell Signaling Hubs: Structure, Kinetics, and Regulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:608530. [PMID: 33575254 PMCID: PMC7870797 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.608530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
When T cell receptors (TCRs) engage with stimulatory ligands, one of the first microscopically visible events is the formation of microclusters at the site of T cell activation. Since the discovery of these structures almost 20 years ago, they have been studied extensively in live cells using confocal and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. However, due to limits in image resolution and acquisition speed, the spatial relationships of signaling components within microclusters, the kinetics of their assembly and disassembly, and the role of vesicular trafficking in microcluster formation and maintenance were not finely characterized. In this review, we will summarize how new microscopy techniques have revealed novel insights into the assembly of these structures. The sub-diffraction organization of microclusters as well as the finely dissected kinetics of recruitment and disassociation of molecules from microclusters will be discussed. The role of cell surface molecules in microcluster formation and the kinetics of molecular recruitment via intracellular vesicular trafficking to microclusters is described. Finally, the role of post-translational modifications such as ubiquitination in the downregulation of cell surface signaling molecules is also discussed. These results will be related to the role of these structures and processes in T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Balagopalan
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kumarkrishna Raychaudhuri
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lawrence E Samelson
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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7
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Razvag Y, Neve-Oz Y, Sajman J, Yakovian O, Reches M, Sherman E. T Cell Activation through Isolated Tight Contacts. Cell Rep 2020; 29:3506-3521.e6. [PMID: 31825832 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells engage antigen-presenting cells in search for cognate antigens via dynamic cell protrusions before forming a tight immune synapse. The spatiotemporal events that may lead to rapid TCR triggering and signal amplification in microvilli-driven isolated contacts, and in subsequent, more uniform contacts, remain poorly understood. Here, we combined interference-reflectance microscopy and single-molecule localization microscopy in live cells to resolve TCR-dependent signaling at tight cell contacts. We show that early contacts are sufficient for robust TCR triggering and ZAP-70 recruitment. With cell spreading, TCR activation and ZAP-70 recruitment increase and shift to the edges of the growing tight contacts. CD45 segregates from TCR at tight contacts and is enriched at high local curvature membrane. Surprisingly, cortical actin and LFA localized at contact regions of intermediate tightness. Our results show in molecular detail the roles of early and tight T cell contacts in T cell activation, as both sensing and decision-making entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Razvag
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel; Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Yair Neve-Oz
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Julia Sajman
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Oren Yakovian
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Meital Reches
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Eilon Sherman
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
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8
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Murin CD. Considerations of Antibody Geometric Constraints on NK Cell Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1635. [PMID: 32849559 PMCID: PMC7406664 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well-established that antibody isotype, glycosylation, and epitope all play roles in the process of antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). For natural killer (NK) cells, these phenotypes are linked to cellular activation through interaction with the IgG receptor FcγRIIIa, a single pass transmembrane receptor that participates in cytoplasmic signaling complexes. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that there may be underlying spatial and geometric principles that guide proper assembly of an activation complex within the NK cell immune synapse. Further, synergy of antibody phenotypic properties as well as allosteric changes upon antigen binding may also play an as-of-yet unknown role in ADCC. Understanding these facets, however, remains hampered by difficulties associated with studying immune synapse dynamics using classical approaches. In this review, I will discuss relevant NK cell biology related to ADCC, including the structural biology of Fc gamma receptors, and how the dynamics of the NK cell immune synapse are being studied using innovative microscopy techniques. I will provide examples from the literature demonstrating the effects of spatial and geometric constraints on the T cell receptor complex and how this relates to intracellular signaling and the molecular nature of lymphocyte activation complexes, including those of NK cells. Finally, I will examine how the integration of high-throughput and "omics" technologies will influence basic NK cell biology research moving forward. Overall, the goal of this review is to lay a basis for understanding the development of drugs and therapeutic antibodies aimed at augmenting appropriate NK cell ADCC activity in patients being treated for a wide range of illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles D. Murin
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, United States
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9
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Galeano Niño JL, Tay SS, Tearle JLE, Xie J, Govendir MA, Kempe D, Mazalo J, Drew AP, Colakoglu F, Kummerfeld SK, Proud CG, Biro M. The Lifeact-EGFP mouse is a translationally controlled fluorescent reporter of T cell activation. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs238014. [PMID: 32041902 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.238014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It has become increasingly evident that T cell functions are subject to translational control in addition to transcriptional regulation. Here, by using live imaging of CD8+ T cells isolated from the Lifeact-EGFP mouse, we show that T cells exhibit a gain in fluorescence intensity following engagement of cognate tumour target cells. The GFP signal increase is governed by Erk1/2-dependent distal T cell receptor (TCR) signalling and its magnitude correlates with IFN-γ and TNF-α production, which are hallmarks of T cell activation. Enhanced fluorescence was due to increased translation of Lifeact-EGFP protein, without an associated increase in its mRNA. Activation-induced gains in fluorescence were also observed in naïve and CD4+ T cells from the Lifeact-EGFP reporter, and were readily detected by both flow cytometry and live cell microscopy. This unique, translationally controlled reporter of effector T cell activation simultaneously enables tracking of cell morphology, F-actin dynamics and activation state in individual migrating T cells. It is a valuable addition to the limited number of reporters of T cell dynamics and activation, and opens the door to studies of translational activity and heterogeneities in functional T cell responses in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Luis Galeano Niño
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science Node, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Szun S Tay
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science Node, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jacqueline L E Tearle
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science Node, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jianling Xie
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Matt A Govendir
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science Node, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Daryan Kempe
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science Node, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jessica Mazalo
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science Node, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Alexander P Drew
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Feyza Colakoglu
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science Node, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sarah K Kummerfeld
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher G Proud
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Frome Road, Adelaide
| | - Maté Biro
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science Node, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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10
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Griffié J, Peters R, Owen DM. An agent-based model of molecular aggregation at the cell membrane. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226825. [PMID: 32032349 PMCID: PMC7006917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular clustering at the plasma membrane has long been identified as a key process and is associated with regulating signalling pathways across cell types. Recent advances in microscopy, in particular the rise of super-resolution, have allowed the experimental observation of nanoscale molecular clusters in the plasma membrane. However, modelling approaches capable of recapitulating these observations are in their infancy, partly because of the extremely complex array of biophysical factors which influence molecular distributions and dynamics in the plasma membrane. We propose here a highly abstracted approach: an agent-based model dedicated to the study of molecular aggregation at the plasma membrane. We show that when molecules are modelled as though they can act (diffuse) in a manner which is influenced by their molecular neighbourhood, many of the distributions observed in cells can be recapitulated, even though such sensing and response is not possible for real membrane molecules. As such, agent-based offers a unique platform which may lead to a new understanding of how molecular clustering in extremely complex molecular environments can be abstracted, simulated and interpreted using simple rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Griffié
- Department of Physics and Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, England, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (JG); (DO)
| | - Ruby Peters
- Department of Physics and Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Dylan M. Owen
- Department of Physics and Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, England, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (JG); (DO)
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11
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Goyette J, Nieves DJ, Ma Y, Gaus K. How does T cell receptor clustering impact on signal transduction? J Cell Sci 2019; 132:132/4/jcs226423. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.226423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The essential function of the T cell receptor (TCR) is to translate the engagement of peptides on the major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) into appropriate intracellular signals through the associated cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3) complex. The spatial organization of the TCR–CD3 complex in the membrane is thought to be a key regulatory element of signal transduction, raising the question of how receptor clustering impacts on TCR triggering. How signal transduction at the TCR–CD3 complex encodes the quality and quantity of pMHC molecules is not fully understood. This question can be approached by reconstituting T cell signaling in model and cell membranes and addressed by single-molecule imaging of endogenous proteins in T cells. We highlight such methods and further discuss how TCR clustering could affect pMHC rebinding rates, the local balance between kinase and phosphatase activity and/or the lipid environment to regulate the signal efficiency of the TCR–CD3 complex. We also examine whether clustering could affect the conformation of cytoplasmic CD3 tails through a biophysical mechanism. Taken together, we highlight how the spatial organization of the TCR–CD3 complex – addressed by reconstitution approaches – has emerged as a key regulatory element in signal transduction of this archetypal immune receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Goyette
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Daniel J. Nieves
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Yuanqing Ma
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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12
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Baumgart F, Arnold AM, Rossboth BK, Brameshuber M, Schütz GJ. What we talk about when we talk about nanoclusters. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2018; 7:013001. [PMID: 30412469 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/aaed0f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Superresolution microscopy results have sparked the idea that many membrane proteins are not randomly distributed across the plasma membrane but are instead arranged in nanoclusters. Frequently, these new results seemed to confirm older data based on biochemical and electron microscopy experiments. Recently, however, it was recognized that multiple countings of the very same fluorescently labeled protein molecule can be easily confused with true protein clusters. Various strategies have been developed, which are intended to solve the problem of discriminating true protein clusters from imaging artifacts. We believe that there is currently no perfect algorithm for this problem; instead, different approaches have different strengths and weaknesses. In this review, we discuss single molecule localization microscopy in view of its ability to detect nanoclusters of membrane proteins. To capture the different views on nanoclustering, we chose an unconventional style for this article: we placed its scientific content in the setting of a fictive conference, where five researchers from different fields discuss the problem of detecting and quantifying nanoclusters. Using this style, we feel that the different approaches common for different research areas can be well illustrated. Similarities to a short story by Raymond Carver are not unintentional.
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13
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Neve-Oz Y, Sajman J, Razvag Y, Sherman E. InterCells: A Generic Monte-Carlo Simulation of Intercellular Interfaces Captures Nanoscale Patterning at the Immune Synapse. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2051. [PMID: 30254635 PMCID: PMC6141710 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular interactions across intercellular interfaces serve to convey information between cells and to trigger appropriate cell functions. Examples include cell development and growth in tissues, neuronal and immune synapses (ISs). Here, we introduce an agent-based Monte-Carlo simulation of user-defined cellular interfaces. The simulation allows for membrane molecules, embedded at intercellular contacts, to diffuse and interact, while capturing the topography and energetics of the plasma membranes of the interface. We provide a detailed example related to pattern formation in the early IS. Using simulation predictions and three-color single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM), we detected the intricate mutual patterning of T cell antigen receptors (TCRs), integrins and glycoproteins in early T cell contacts with stimulating coverslips. The simulation further captures the dynamics of the patterning under the experimental conditions and at the IS with antigen presenting cells (APCs). Thus, we provide a generic tool for simulating realistic cell-cell interfaces, which can be used for critical hypothesis testing and experimental design in an iterative manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Neve-Oz
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Julia Sajman
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yair Razvag
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eilon Sherman
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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14
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Martin-Blanco N, Blanco R, Alda-Catalinas C, Bovolenta ER, Oeste CL, Palmer E, Schamel WW, Lythe G, Molina-París C, Castro M, Alarcon B. A window of opportunity for cooperativity in the T Cell Receptor. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2618. [PMID: 29976994 PMCID: PMC6033938 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) is pre-organised in oligomers, known as nanoclusters. Nanoclusters could provide a framework for inter-TCR cooperativity upon peptide antigen-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) binding. Here we have used soluble pMHC oligomers in search for cooperativity effects along the plasma membrane plane. We find that initial binding events favour subsequent pMHC binding to additional TCRs, during a narrow temporal window. This behaviour can be explained by a 3-state model of TCR transition from Resting to Active, to a final Inhibited state. By disrupting nanoclusters and hampering the Active conformation, we show that TCR cooperativity is consistent with TCR nanoclusters adopting the Active state in a coordinated manner. Preferential binding of pMHC to the Active TCR at the immunological synapse suggests that there is a transient time frame for signal amplification in the TCR, allowing the T cells to keep track of antigen quantity and binding time. T cells can be activated by a small, two-digit, number of antigen peptide molecules even though the receptor for antigen (TCR) is of low affinity. Here the authors present evidence that all TCRs within a nanocluster can become activated when only a subset is bound to antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Martin-Blanco
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Blanco
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Alda-Catalinas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - E R Bovolenta
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - C L Oeste
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Palmer
- University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - W W Schamel
- Faculty of Biology, Institute Biology III, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - G Lythe
- School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - C Molina-París
- School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - M Castro
- School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. .,Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos (GISC), Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera25, 28015, Madrid, Spain.
| | - B Alarcon
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Gp41 dynamically interacts with the TCR in the immune synapse and promotes early T cell activation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9747. [PMID: 29950577 PMCID: PMC6021400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 glycoprotein gp41 critically mediates CD4+ T-cell infection by HIV-1 during viral entry, assembly, and release. Although multiple immune-regulatory activities of gp41 have been reported, the underlying mechanisms of these activities remain poorly understood. Here we employed multi-colour single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) to resolve interactions of gp41 proteins with cellular proteins at the plasma membrane (PM) of fixed and live CD4+ T-cells with resolution of ~20–30 nm. We observed that gp41 clusters dynamically associated with the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) at the immune synapse upon TCR stimulation. This interaction, confirmed by FRET, depended on the virus clone, was reduced by the gp41 ectodomain in tight contacts, and was completely abrogated by mutation of the gp41 transmembrane domain. Strikingly, gp41 preferentially colocalized with phosphorylated TCRs at the PM of activated T-cells and promoted TCR phosphorylation. Gp41 expression also resulted in enhanced CD69 upregulation, and in massive cell death after 24–48 hrs. Our results shed new light on HIV-1 assembly mechanisms at the PM of host T-cells and its impact on TCR stimulation.
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16
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Börtlein C, Draeger A, Schoenauer R, Kuhlemann A, Sauer M, Schneider-Schaulies S, Avota E. The Neutral Sphingomyelinase 2 Is Required to Polarize and Sustain T Cell Receptor Signaling. Front Immunol 2018; 9:815. [PMID: 29720981 PMCID: PMC5915489 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
By promoting ceramide release at the cytosolic membrane leaflet, the neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (NSM) is capable of organizing receptor and signalosome segregation. Its role in T cell receptor (TCR) signaling remained so far unknown. We now show that TCR-driven NSM activation is dispensable for TCR clustering and initial phosphorylation, but of crucial importance for further signal amplification. In particular, at low doses of TCR stimulatory antibodies, NSM is required for Ca2+ mobilization and T cell proliferation. NSM-deficient T cells lack sustained CD3ζ and ZAP-70 phosphorylation and are unable to polarize and stabilize their microtubular system. We identified PKCζ as the key NSM downstream effector in this second wave of TCR signaling supporting dynamics of microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). Ceramide supplementation rescued PKCζ membrane recruitment and MTOC translocation in NSM-deficient cells. These findings identify the NSM as essential in TCR signaling when dynamic cytoskeletal reorganization promotes continued lateral and vertical supply of TCR signaling components: CD3ζ, Zap70, and PKCζ, and functional immune synapses are organized and stabilized via MTOC polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Börtlein
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Annette Draeger
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roman Schoenauer
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Kuhlemann
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | - Elita Avota
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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17
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Nanoscale kinetic segregation of TCR and CD45 in engaged microvilli facilitates early T cell activation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:732. [PMID: 29467364 PMCID: PMC5821895 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03127-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells have a central function in mounting immune responses. However, mechanisms of their early activation by cognate antigens remain incompletely understood. Here we use live-cell multi-colour single-molecule localization microscopy to study the dynamic separation between TCRs and CD45 glycoprotein phosphatases in early cell contacts under TCR-activating and non-activating conditions. Using atomic force microscopy, we identify these cell contacts with engaged microvilli and characterize their morphology, rigidity and dynamics. Physical modelling and simulations of the imaged cell interfaces quantitatively capture the TCR-CD45 separation. Surprisingly, TCR phosphorylation negatively correlates with TCR-CD45 separation. These data support a refined kinetic-segregation model. First, kinetic-segregation occurs within seconds from TCR activation in engaged microvilli. Second, TCRs should be segregated, yet not removed too far, from CD45 for their optimal and localized activation within clusters. Our combined imaging and computational approach prove an important tool in the study of dynamic protein organization in cell interfaces.
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18
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Schamel WWA, Alarcon B, Höfer T, Minguet S. The Allostery Model of TCR Regulation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:47-52. [PMID: 27994168 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The activity of the αβ TCR is controlled by conformational switches. In the resting conformation, the TCR is not phosphorylated and is inactive. Binding of multivalent peptide-MHC to the TCR stabilizes the active conformation, leading to TCR signaling. These two conformations allow the TCRs to be allosterically regulated. We review recent data on heterotropic allostery where peptide-MHC and membrane cholesterol serve opposing functions as positive and negative allosteric regulators, respectively. In resting T cells cholesterol keeps TCRs in the resting conformation that otherwise would become spontaneously active. This regulation is well described by the classical Monod-Wyman-Changeux model of allostery. Moreover, the observation that TCRs assemble into nanoclusters might allow for homotropic allostery, in which individual TCRs could positively cooperate and thus enhance the sensitivity of T cell activation. This new view of TCR regulation will contribute to a better understanding of TCR functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang W A Schamel
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biology III, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; .,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Balbino Alarcon
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Höfer
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; and.,BioQuant Center, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susana Minguet
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biology III, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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19
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Multi-color single-molecule tracking and subtrajectory analysis for quantification of spatiotemporal dynamics and kinetics upon T cell activation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6994. [PMID: 28765585 PMCID: PMC5539329 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06960-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic properties of molecules in living cells are attracting increasing interest. We propose a new method, moving subtrajectory analysis using single-molecule tracking, and demonstrate its utility in the spatiotemporal quantification of not only dynamics but also the kinetics of interactions using single-color images. Combining this technique with three-color simultaneous single-molecule imaging, we quantified the dynamics and kinetics of molecules in spatial relation to T cell receptor (TCR) microclusters, which trigger TCR signaling. CD3ε, a component of the TCR/CD3 complex, and CD45, a phosphatase positively and negatively regulating signaling, were each found in two mobility states: faster (associated) and slower (dissociated) states. Dynamics analysis suggests that the microclusters are loosely composed of heterogeneous nanoregions, possibly surrounded by a weak barrier. Kinetics analysis quantified the association and dissociation rates of interactions with the microclusters. The associations of both CD3ε and CD45 were single-step processes. In contrast, their dissociations were each composed of two components, indicating transient and stable associated states. Inside the microclusters, the association was accelerated, and the stable association was increased. Only CD45 showed acceleration of association at the microcluster boundary, suggesting specific affinity on the boundary. Thus, this method is an innovative and versatile tool for spatiotemporal quantification.
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20
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Goyette J, Salas CS, Coker-Gordon N, Bridge M, Isaacson SA, Allard J, Dushek O. Biophysical assay for tethered signaling reactions reveals tether-controlled activity for the phosphatase SHP-1. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1601692. [PMID: 28378014 PMCID: PMC5365251 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tethered enzymatic reactions are ubiquitous in signaling networks but are poorly understood. A previously unreported mathematical analysis is established for tethered signaling reactions in surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Applying the method to the phosphatase SHP-1 interacting with a phosphorylated tether corresponding to an immune receptor cytoplasmic tail provides five biophysical/biochemical constants from a single SPR experiment: two binding rates, two catalytic rates, and a reach parameter. Tether binding increases the activity of SHP-1 by 900-fold through a binding-induced allosteric activation (20-fold) and a more significant increase in local substrate concentration (45-fold). The reach parameter indicates that this local substrate concentration is exquisitely sensitive to receptor clustering. We further show that truncation of the tether leads not only to a lower reach but also to lower binding and catalysis. This work establishes a new framework for studying tethered signaling processes and highlights the tether as a control parameter in clustered receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Goyette
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | | | | | - Marcus Bridge
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Samuel A. Isaacson
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jun Allard
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Omer Dushek
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
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21
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Barr VA, Sherman E, Yi J, Akpan I, Rouquette-Jazdanian AK, Samelson LE. Development of nanoscale structure in LAT-based signaling complexes. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:4548-4562. [PMID: 27875277 PMCID: PMC5201021 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.194886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The adapter molecule linker for activation of T cells (LAT) plays a crucial role in forming signaling complexes induced by stimulation of the T cell receptor (TCR). These multi-molecular complexes are dynamic structures that activate highly regulated signaling pathways. Previously, we have demonstrated nanoscale structure in LAT-based complexes where the adapter SLP-76 (also known as LCP2) localizes to the periphery of LAT clusters. In this study, we show that initially LAT and SLP-76 are randomly dispersed throughout the clusters that form upon TCR engagement. The segregation of LAT and SLP-76 develops near the end of the spreading process. The local concentration of LAT also increases at the same time. Both changes require TCR activation and an intact actin cytoskeleton. These results demonstrate that the nanoscale organization of LAT-based signaling complexes is dynamic and indicates that different kinds of LAT-based complexes appear at different times during T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valarie A Barr
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eilon Sherman
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Jason Yi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Itoro Akpan
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Lawrence E Samelson
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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22
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Dillard P, Pi F, Lellouch AC, Limozin L, Sengupta K. Nano-clustering of ligands on surrogate antigen presenting cells modulates T cell membrane adhesion and organization. Integr Biol (Camb) 2016; 8:287-301. [PMID: 26887857 DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00293a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the adhesion and molecular organization of the plasma membrane of T lymphocytes interacting with a surrogate antigen presenting cell comprising glass supported ordered arrays of antibody (α-CD3) nano-dots dispersed in a non-adhesive matrix of polyethylene glycol (PEG). The local membrane adhesion and topography, as well as the distribution of the T cell receptors (TCRs) and the kinase ZAP-70, are influenced by dot-geometry, whereas the cell spreading area is determined by the overall average density of the ligands rather than specific characteristics of the dots. TCR clusters are recruited preferentially to the nano-dots and the TCR cluster size distribution has a weak dot-size dependence. On the patterns, the clusters are larger, more numerous, and more enriched in TCRs, as compared to the homogeneously distributed ligands at comparable concentrations. These observations support the idea that non-ligated TCRs residing in the non-adhered parts of the proximal membrane are able to diffuse and enrich the existing clusters at the ligand dots. However, long distance transport is impaired and cluster centralization in the form of a central supramolecular cluster (cSMAC) is not observed. Time-lapse imaging of early cell-surface contacts indicates that the ZAP-70 microclusters are directly recruited to the site of the antibody dots and this process is concomitant with membrane adhesion. These results together point to a complex interplay of adhesion, molecular organization and activation in response to spatially modulated stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Dillard
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM-UMR 7325, Marseille, 13288, France. and Laboratoire Adhésion & Inflammation Aix-Marseille Université\Inserm U1067\CNRS-UMR7333, Marseille 13288, France.
| | - Fuwei Pi
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM-UMR 7325, Marseille, 13288, France.
| | - Annemarie C Lellouch
- Laboratoire Adhésion & Inflammation Aix-Marseille Université\Inserm U1067\CNRS-UMR7333, Marseille 13288, France.
| | - Laurent Limozin
- Laboratoire Adhésion & Inflammation Aix-Marseille Université\Inserm U1067\CNRS-UMR7333, Marseille 13288, France.
| | - Kheya Sengupta
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM-UMR 7325, Marseille, 13288, France.
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23
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Burn GL, Cornish GH, Potrzebowska K, Samuelsson M, Griffié J, Minoughan S, Yates M, Ashdown G, Pernodet N, Morrison VL, Sanchez-Blanco C, Purvis H, Clarke F, Brownlie RJ, Vyse TJ, Zamoyska R, Owen DM, Svensson LM, Cope AP. Superresolution imaging of the cytoplasmic phosphatase PTPN22 links integrin-mediated T cell adhesion with autoimmunity. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra99. [PMID: 27703032 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaf2195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane proteins that play a fundamental role in the migration of leukocytes to sites of infection or injury. We found that protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22) inhibits signaling by the integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) in effector T cells. PTPN22 colocalized with its substrates at the leading edge of cells migrating on surfaces coated with the LFA-1 ligand intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Knockout or knockdown of PTPN22 or expression of the autoimmune disease-associated PTPN22-R620W variant resulted in the enhanced phosphorylation of signaling molecules downstream of integrins. Superresolution imaging revealed that PTPN22-R620 (wild-type PTPN22) was present as large clusters in unstimulated T cells and that these disaggregated upon stimulation of LFA-1, enabling increased association of PTPN22 with its binding partners at the leading edge. The failure of PTPN22-R620W molecules to be retained at the leading edge led to increased LFA-1 clustering and integrin-mediated cell adhesion. Our data define a previously uncharacterized mechanism for fine-tuning integrin signaling in T cells, as well as a paradigm of autoimmunity in humans in which disease susceptibility is underpinned by inherited phosphatase mutations that perturb integrin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth L Burn
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, U.K
| | - Georgina H Cornish
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, U.K
| | | | - Malin Samuelsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Juliette Griffié
- Department of Physics and Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, U.K
| | - Sophie Minoughan
- Department of Physics and Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, U.K
| | - Mark Yates
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, U.K
| | - George Ashdown
- Department of Physics and Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, U.K
| | - Nicolas Pernodet
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Vicky L Morrison
- Institute of Immunology, Infection and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, U.K
| | - Cristina Sanchez-Blanco
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, U.K
| | - Harriet Purvis
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, U.K
| | - Fiona Clarke
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, U.K
| | - Rebecca J Brownlie
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, U.K
| | - Timothy J Vyse
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, U.K
| | - Rose Zamoyska
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, U.K
| | - Dylan M Owen
- Department of Physics and Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, U.K
| | - Lena M Svensson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Andrew P Cope
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, U.K.
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24
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Functional role of T-cell receptor nanoclusters in signal initiation and antigen discrimination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E5454-63. [PMID: 27573839 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1607436113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen recognition by the T-cell receptor (TCR) is a hallmark of the adaptive immune system. When the TCR engages a peptide bound to the restricting major histocompatibility complex molecule (pMHC), it transmits a signal via the associated CD3 complex. How the extracellular antigen recognition event leads to intracellular phosphorylation remains unclear. Here, we used single-molecule localization microscopy to quantify the organization of TCR-CD3 complexes into nanoscale clusters and to distinguish between triggered and nontriggered TCR-CD3 complexes. We found that only TCR-CD3 complexes in dense clusters were phosphorylated and associated with downstream signaling proteins, demonstrating that the molecular density within clusters dictates signal initiation. Moreover, both pMHC dose and TCR-pMHC affinity determined the density of TCR-CD3 clusters, which scaled with overall phosphorylation levels. Thus, TCR-CD3 clustering translates antigen recognition by the TCR into signal initiation by the CD3 complex, and the formation of dense signaling-competent clusters is a process of antigen discrimination.
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25
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Sherman E. Resolving protein interactions and organization downstream the T cell antigen receptor using single-molecule localization microscopy: a review. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/4/2/022002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Sergé A. The Molecular Architecture of Cell Adhesion: Dynamic Remodeling Revealed by Videonanoscopy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:36. [PMID: 27200348 PMCID: PMC4854873 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane delimits the cell, which is the basic unit of living organisms, and is also a privileged site for cell communication with the environment. Cell adhesion can occur through cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts. Adhesion proteins such as integrins and cadherins also constitute receptors for inside-out and outside-in signaling within proteolipidic platforms. Adhesion molecule targeting and stabilization relies on specific features such as preferential segregation by the sub-membrane cytoskeleton meshwork and within membrane proteolipidic microdomains. This review presents an overview of the recent insights brought by the latest developments in microscopy, to unravel the molecular remodeling occurring at cell contacts. The dynamic aspect of cell adhesion was recently highlighted by super-resolution videomicroscopy, also named videonanoscopy. By circumventing the diffraction limit of light, nanoscopy has allowed the monitoring of molecular localization and behavior at the single-molecule level, on fixed and living cells. Accessing molecular-resolution details such as quantitatively monitoring components entering and leaving cell contacts by lateral diffusion and reversible association has revealed an unexpected plasticity. Adhesion structures can be highly specialized, such as focal adhesion in motile cells, as well as immune and neuronal synapses. Spatiotemporal reorganization of adhesion molecules, receptors, and adaptors directly relates to structure/function modulation. Assembly of these supramolecular complexes is continuously balanced by dynamic events, remodeling adhesions on various timescales, notably by molecular conformation switches, lateral diffusion within the membrane and endo/exocytosis. Pathological alterations in cell adhesion are involved in cancer evolution, through cancer stem cell interaction with stromal niches, growth, extravasation, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnauld Sergé
- Centre de Cancérologie de Marseille, Équipe "Interactions Leuco/Stromales", Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1068, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université UM105 Marseille, France
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Rubin-Delanchy P, Burn GL, Griffié J, Williamson DJ, Heard NA, Cope AP, Owen DM. Bayesian cluster identification in single-molecule localization microscopy data. Nat Methods 2015; 12:1072-6. [PMID: 26436479 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule localization-based super-resolution microscopy techniques such as photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM) and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) produce pointillist data sets of molecular coordinates. Although many algorithms exist for the identification and localization of molecules from raw image data, methods for analyzing the resulting point patterns for properties such as clustering have remained relatively under-studied. Here we present a model-based Bayesian approach to evaluate molecular cluster assignment proposals, generated in this study by analysis based on Ripley's K function. The method takes full account of the individual localization precisions calculated for each emitter. We validate the approach using simulated data, as well as experimental data on the clustering behavior of CD3ζ, a subunit of the CD3 T cell receptor complex, in resting and activated primary human T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Rubin-Delanchy
- School of Mathematics, Heilbronn Institute for Mathematical Research, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Garth L Burn
- Department of Physics and Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Juliette Griffié
- Department of Physics and Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David J Williamson
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Andrew P Cope
- Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammatory Disease, Academic Department of Rheumatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dylan M Owen
- Department of Physics and Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
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