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Kapanadze T, Gamrekelashvili J, Sablotny S, Schroth FN, Xu Y, Chen R, Rong S, Shushakova N, Gueler F, Haller H, Limbourg FP. Validation of CSF-1 receptor (CD115) staining for analysis of murine monocytes by flow cytometry. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:573-582. [PMID: 38038378 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
CD115, the receptor for colony stimulating factor 1, is essential for survival and differentiation of monocytes and macrophages and is therefore frequently used to define monocyte subsets and their progenitors in immunological assays. However, CD115 surface expression and detection by flow cytometry is greatly influenced by cell isolation and processing methods, organ source, and disease context. In a systematic analysis of murine monocytes, we define experimental conditions that preserve or limit CD115 surface expression and staining by flow cytometry. We also find that, independent of conditions, CD115 surface levels are consistently lower in Ly6Clo monocytes than in Ly6Chi monocytes, with the exception of Ly6Clo monocytes in the bone marrow. Furthermore, in contrast to IL-34, the presence of colony stimulating factor 1 impairs CD115 antibody staining in a dose-dependent manner, which, in a model of ischemic kidney injury with elevated levels of colony stimulating factor 1, influenced quantification of kidney monocytes. Thus, staining and experimental conditions affect quantitative and qualitative analysis of monocytes and may influence experimental conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Kapanadze
- Vascular Medicine Research, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, D 30625, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover D 30625, Germany
| | - Jaba Gamrekelashvili
- Vascular Medicine Research, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, D 30625, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover D 30625, Germany
| | - Stefan Sablotny
- Vascular Medicine Research, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, D 30625, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover D 30625, Germany
| | - Frauline Nicole Schroth
- Vascular Medicine Research, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, D 30625, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover D 30625, Germany
| | - Yuangao Xu
- Vascular Medicine Research, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, D 30625, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover D 30625, Germany
| | - Rongjun Chen
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover D 30625, Germany
| | - Song Rong
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover D 30625, Germany
| | - Nelli Shushakova
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover D 30625, Germany
- Phenos GmbH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Faikah Gueler
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover D 30625, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover D 30625, Germany
| | - Florian P Limbourg
- Vascular Medicine Research, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, D 30625, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover D 30625, Germany
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Ni B, Zhang D, Zhou H, Zheng M, Wang Z, Tao J, Han Z, Ju X, Tan R, Gu M. IL-34 attenuates acute T cell-mediated rejection following renal transplantation by upregulating M2 macrophages polarization. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24028. [PMID: 38230243 PMCID: PMC10789621 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the role of Interleukin-34 (IL-34) in acute T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) following renal transplantation. Methods The mice acute TCMR model of renal transplantation was established and identified by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Then, IHC staining of IL-34 was also performed to determine the expression of IL-34 in allografts. Recipients were infected with IL-34 overexpression adeno-associated virus, infection efficiency of which was estimated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot, and immunofluorescence. HE and IHC staining were used to estimate the grades of TCMR. Flow cytometry was performed on lymphocytes in spleens of recipients including regulatory T cells (Tregs) and M2 macrophages. The expression of cytokines in vivo was analyzed by Mouse Cytokine Grp I Panel. Finally, Tregs and M2 macrophages were cultured in vitro and treated with IL-34 to observe the effects of IL-34 on the differentiation of the cells. Results The mouse TCMR model was successfully established by HE, periodic acid shiff (PAS), CD4 and CD8 IHC staining. The expression of IL-34 was significantly decreased in allografts with TCMR. BALB/c mice were successfully infected with IL-34 overexpression adeno-associated virus. Subsequently, the grade of rejection in mice TCMR model was evaluated by HE and IHC staining according to Banff criteria. It is suggested that the grade of TCMR in IL-34 overexpressed mice was significantly decreased. IHC staining and Flow cytometry showed that the proportion of Tregs and M2 macrophages in the spleens and allografts were significantly increased in IL-34 overexpressed mice. Serum levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IL-17 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were downregulated in IL-34 overexpressed mice. Moreover, IL-34 could promote macrophage M2 polarization, while failed to promote differentiation of naïve T cells into Tregs in vitro. Conclusion Overexpression of IL-34 may attenuate the progression of TCMR episodes in allografts by increasing the polarization of M2 macrophages in the spleens and allografts, which may become a potential therapeutic strategy for TCMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ni
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121# Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongliang Zhang
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121# Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai Zhou
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121# Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121# Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zijie Wang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Tao
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhijian Han
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaobin Ju
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruoyun Tan
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Gu
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121# Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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3
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Shang J, Xu Y, Pu S, Sun X, Gao X. Role of IL-34 and its receptors in inflammatory diseases. Cytokine 2023; 171:156348. [PMID: 37683444 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, IL-34 has been widely discussed as a novel cytokine. IL-34 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine binding four distinct receptors, namely CSF-1R, syndecan-1, PTP-ζ and TREM2. Previous studies have shown that IL-34 and its receptors play important roles in the development and progression of various inflammatory diseases. Therefore, IL-34 has the potential to be a biomarker and therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases. However, further study is still needed to identify the specific mechanism through which IL-34 contributes to illness. In this article, we review the recent advances in the biological roles of IL-34 and its receptors as well as their roles in the development and therapeutic application of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiameng Shang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengdan Pu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyuan Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, People's Republic of China.
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Sonkodi B, Marsovszky L, Csorba A, Balog A, Kopper B, Keller-Pintér A, Nagy ZZ, Resch MD. Disrupted Neural Regeneration in Dry Eye Secondary to Ankylosing Spondylitis-With a Theoretical Link between Piezo2 Channelopathy and Gateway Reflex, WDR Neurons, and Flare-Ups. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15455. [PMID: 37895134 PMCID: PMC10607705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at analyzing the corneal neural regeneration in ankylosing spondylitis patients using in vivo corneal confocal microscopy in correlation with Langerhans cell density, morphology, and dry eye parameters. Approximately 24 ankylosing spondylitis subjects and 35 age- and gender-matched control subjects were enrolled. Data analysis showed that all corneal nerve-fiber descriptives were lower in the ankylosing spondylitis group, implicating disrupted neural regeneration. Peripheral Langerhans cell density showed a negative correlation with nerve fiber descriptions. A negative correlation between tear film break-up time and corneal nerve fiber total branch density was detected. The potential role of somatosensory terminal Piezo2 channelopathy in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease and ankylosing spondylitis is highlighted in our study, exposing the neuroimmunological link between these diseases. We hypothesized earlier that spinal neuroimmune-induced sensitization due to this somatosensory terminal primary damage could lead to Langerhans cell activation in the cornea, in association with downregulated Piezo1 channels on these cells. This activation could lead to a Th17/Treg imbalance in dry eye secondary to ankylosing spondylitis. Hence, the corneal Piezo2 channelopathy-induced impaired Piezo2-Piezo1 crosstalk could explain the disrupted neural regeneration. Moreover, the translation of our findings highlights the link between Piezo2 channelopathy-induced gateway to pathophysiology and the gateway reflex, not to mention the potential role of spinal wide dynamic range neurons in the evolution of neuropathic pain and the flare-ups in ankylosing spondylitis and dry eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Sonkodi
- Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Marsovszky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (L.M.)
| | - Anita Csorba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (L.M.)
| | - Attila Balog
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bence Kopper
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anikó Keller-Pintér
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Zsolt Nagy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (L.M.)
| | - Miklós D. Resch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (L.M.)
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Zhuang L, Zong X, Yang Q, Fan Q, Tao R. Interleukin-34-NF-κB signaling aggravates myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury by facilitating macrophage recruitment and polarization. EBioMedicine 2023; 95:104744. [PMID: 37556943 PMCID: PMC10433018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophage infiltration and polarization are integral to the progression of heart failure and cardiac fibrosis after ischemia/reperfusion (IR). Interleukin 34 (IL-34) is an inflammatory regulator related to a series of autoimmune diseases. Whether IL-34 mediates inflammatory responses and contributes to cardiac remodeling and heart failure post-IR remains unclear. METHODS IL-34 knock-out mice were used to determine the role of IL-34 on cardiac remodeling after IR surgery. Then, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry assays, and RNA-seq analysis were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms of IL-34-induced macrophage recruitment and polarization, and further heart failure after IR. FINDINGS By re-analyzing single-cell RNA-seq and single-nucleus RNA-seq data of murine and human ischemic hearts, we showed that IL-34 expression was upregulated after IR. IL-34 knockout mitigated cardiac remodeling, cardiac dysfunction, and fibrosis after IR and vice versa. RNA-seq analysis revealed that IL-34 deletion correlated negatively with immune responses and chemotaxis after IR injury. Consistently, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry assays demonstrated that IL-34 deletion attenuated macrophage recruitment and CCR2+ macrophage polarization. Mechanistically, IL-34 deficiency repressed both the canonical and noncanonical NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to marked reduction of P-IKKβ and P-IκBα kinase levels; downregulation of NF-κB p65, RelB, and p52 expression, which drove the decline in chemokine CCL2 expression. Finally, IL-34 and CCL2 levels were increased in the serum of acute coronary syndrome patients, with a positive correlation between circulating IL-34 and CCL2 levels in clinical patients. INTERPRETATION In conclusion, IL-34 sustains NF-κB pathway activation to elicit increased CCL2 expression, which contributes to macrophage recruitment and polarization, and subsequently exacerbates cardiac remodeling and heart failure post-IR. Strategies targeting IL-34-centered immunomodulation may provide new therapeutic approaches to prevent and reverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure in clinical MI patients after percutaneous coronary intervention. FUNDING This study was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (81670352 and 81970327 to R T, 82000368 to Q F).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfang Zhuang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiao Zong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qin Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Rong Tao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
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6
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Alzoubi O, Meyer A, Gonzalez TP, Burgos AC, Sweiss N, Zomorrodi RK, Shahrara S. Significance of IL-34 and SDC-1 in the pathogenesis of RA cells and preclinical models. Clin Immunol 2023; 251:109635. [PMID: 37150238 PMCID: PMC10985830 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
IL-34 shares a common receptor with M-CSF, while it can bind to other distinct receptors including protein-tyrosine phosphatase zeta (PTPζ), and syndecan1 (SDC-1). In physiological conditions, IL-34 has a critical role in the maintenance and development of Langerhans and microglial cells in part through PTPζ ligation. Conversely, in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), SDC-1-induced phosphorylation of M-CSFR was responsible for the pathological effect of IL-34 in patient cells and/or preclinical models. Intriguingly, enrichment of IL-34 is strongly linked to rheumatoid factor (RF), disease activity score (DAS)28, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), c-reactive protein (CRP), and radiographic progression. In parallel, IL-34-induced naïve cell reprogramming into glycolytic RA CD14+CD86+GLUT1+ macrophage was dysregulated via M-CSFR or SDC-1 antibody therapy. Moreover, the inflammatory and erosive imprints of IL-34 arthritic mice were mitigated by glucose uptake inhibition and SDC-1, or RAG deficiency through nullifying macrophage metabolic rewiring and their ability to advance Th1/Th17 cell polarization. Consistently, IL-34-/- and SDC-1-/- mice could effectively impair CIA joint inflammation, osteoclast formation, and neovascularization by restraining monocyte infiltration as well as suppressing the inflammatory macrophage and T effector cell reconfiguration via metabolic deactivation. In conclusion, targeting IL-34/SDC-1 signaling, or its interconnected metabolites can uniquely intercept the crosstalk between glycolytic RA myeloid and lymphoid cells and their ability to trigger arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Alzoubi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anja Meyer
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tanya Pulido Gonzalez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Adel C Burgos
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nadera Sweiss
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ryan K Zomorrodi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shiva Shahrara
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA.
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7
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Monteleone G, Franzè E, Maresca C, Colella M, Pacifico T, Stolfi C. Targeted Therapy of Interleukin-34 as a Promising Approach to Overcome Cancer Therapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030971. [PMID: 36765929 PMCID: PMC9913481 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy and immunotherapy have markedly improved the management of several malignancies. However, not all cancer patients respond primarily to such therapies, and others can become resistant during treatment. Thus, identification of the factors/mechanisms underlying cancer resistance to such treatments could help develop novel effective therapeutic compounds. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are major components of the suppressive tumor microenvironment and are critical drivers of immunosuppression, creating a tumor-promoting and drug-resistant niche. In this regard, therapeutic strategies to tackle immunosuppressive cells are an interesting option to increase anti-tumor immune responses and overcome the occurrence of drug resistance. Accumulating evidence indicates that interleukin-34 (IL-34), a cytokine produced by cancer cells, and/or TAMs act as a linker between induction of a tumor-associated immunosuppressive microenvironment and drug resistance. In this article, we review the current data supporting the role of IL-34 in the differentiation/function of immune suppressive cells and, hence, in the mechanisms leading to therapeutic resistance in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Monteleone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Gastroenterology Unit, Policlinico Universitario Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-20903702; Fax: +39-06-72596158
| | - Eleonora Franzè
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Maresca
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Colella
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Pacifico
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Stolfi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
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8
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Lin M, Liu X, Zhang X, Wang H, Fang Y, Wu X, Yin A, Yang W, Zhang D, Li M, Zhang L, Ying S. Sp1 Controls the Basal Level of Interleukin-34 Transcription. Immunol Invest 2023; 52:224-240. [PMID: 36562687 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2022.2157283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-34 (IL-34) is a cytokine that plays important roles at steady state and in diseases. The induced or inhibited expression of IL-34 by stimuli has been deeply investigated. However, the regulation of IL-34 basal expression is largely unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate whether IL-34 expression is regulated by a general transcription factor Specificity Protein 1 (Sp1) at transcription level. By using bioinformatic software, four putative Sp1-binding sites overlapping GC boxes were found in the core promoter region of IL-34. Alignment of the core promoter sequences of mammalian IL-34 showed GC box-C (-62/-57) and D (-11/-6) were conserved in some mammals. Luciferase assay results showed that only deletion of GC box-C (-62/-57) significantly reduced luciferase activities of IL-34 core promoter in SH-SY5Y cells. By using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), it was found that Sp1 specifically interacted with GC box-C sequence CCCGCC (-62/-57) in the core promoter of IL-34. By using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), it was discovered that Sp1 bound to the core promoter of IL-34 in living cells. In addition, silencing of Sp1 expression by its specific siRNA reduced IL-34 mRNA and protein levels significantly in SH-SY5Y cells. Likewise, IL-34 expression was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by a Sp1 inhibitor Plicamycin. Furthermore, silencing of Sp1 also downregulated mRNA and protein expression of IL-34 in GES-1 and 293T cell lines, suggesting that IL-34 transcription regulated by Sp1 was not cell-type specific. Taken together, these results indicate that Sp1 controls the basal level of IL-34 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minggui Lin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Xingyun Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoting Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Anqi Yin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Wanqing Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Songcheng Ying
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
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9
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Boruah P, Deka N. Interleukin 34 in Disease Progressions: A Comprehensive Review. Crit Rev Immunol 2023; 43:25-43. [PMID: 37943151 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2023050326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
IL-34, a cytokine, discovered a decade before and is known to be a colony stimulating factor CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R) ligand. Along with CSF-1R, it also interacts with syndecan-1 receptors and protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP-ζ). Hence, IL-34 takes part in a number of biological activities owing to its involvement in different signaling pathways. This review was done to analyze the recent studies on the functions of IL-34 in progression of diseases. The role of IL-34 under the physiological and pathological settings is studied by reviewing current data. In the last ten years, studies suggested that the IL-34 was involved in the regulation of morbid states such as inflammatory diseases, infections, transplant rejection, autoimmune diseases, neurologic diseases, and cancer. In general, the involvement of IL-34 is observed in many serious health ailments like metabolic diseases, heart diseases, infections and even cancer. As such, IL-34 can be regarded as a therapeutic target, potential biomarker or as a therapeutic tool, which ought to be assessed in future research activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerona Boruah
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Shanghai, China; School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D.Y. Patil Deemed to be University, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Nikhita Deka
- Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Assam, India
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10
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Park HE, Oh H, Baek JH. Interleukin-34-regulated T-cell responses in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1078350. [PMID: 36530919 PMCID: PMC9747768 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1078350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a multifaceted etiology, which primarily affects and results in the deterioration of the synovium of patients. While the exact etiology of RA is still largely unknown, there is growing interest in the cytokine interleukin-34 (IL-34) as a driver or modulator of RA pathogenesis on the grounds that IL-34 is drastically increased in the serum and synovium of RA patients. Several studies have so far revealed the relationship between IL-34 levels and RA disease progression. Nevertheless, the significance and role of IL-34 in RA have remained ambiguous, as illustrated by two most recent studies, which reported contrasting effects of genetic IL-34 deletion in RA. Of note, IL-34 is a macrophage growth factor and is increasingly perceived as a master regulator of T-cell responses in RA via macrophage-dependent as well as T cell-intrinsic mechanisms. In this regard, several studies have demonstrated that IL-34 potentiates helper T-cell (Th) responses in RA, whereas studies also suggested that IL-34 alleviates synovial inflammation, potentially by inducing regulatory T-cells (Treg). Herein, we provide an overview of the current understanding of IL-34 involvement in RA and outline IL-34-mediated mechanisms in regulating T-cell responses in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jea-Hyun Baek
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, South Korea
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González-Sánchez HM, Baek JH, Weinmann-Menke J, Ajay AK, Charles JFF, Noda M, Franklin RA, Rodríguez-Morales P, Kelley VR. IL-34 and protein-tyrosine phosphatase receptor type-zeta-dependent mechanisms limit arthritis in mice. J Transl Med 2022; 102:846-858. [PMID: 35288653 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00772-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cell mediated mechanisms regulate synovial joint inflammation. IL-34, a macrophage (Mø) growth and differentiation molecule, is markedly expressed in neutrophil and Mø-rich arthritic synovium. IL-34 engages a newly identified independent receptor, protein-tyrosine phosphatase, receptor-type, zeta (PTPRZ), that we find is expressed by Mø. As IL-34 is prominent in rheumatoid arthritis, we probed for the IL-34 and PTPRZ-dependent myeloid cell mediated mechanisms central to arthritis using genetic deficient mice in K/BxN serum-transfer arthritis. Unanticipatedly, we now report that IL-34 and PTPRZ limited arthritis as intra-synovial pathology and bone erosion were more severe in IL-34 and PTPRZ KO mice during induced arthritis. We found that IL-34 and PTPRZ: (i) were elevated, bind, and induce downstream signaling within the synovium in arthritic mice and (ii) were upregulated in the serum and track with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Mechanistically, IL-34 and PTPRZ skewed Mø toward a reparative phenotype, and enhanced Mø clearance of apoptotic neutrophils, thereby decreasing neutrophil recruitment and intra-synovial neutrophil extracellular traps. With fewer neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps in the synovium, destructive inflammation was restricted, and joint pathology and bone erosion diminished. These novel findings suggest that IL-34 and PTPRZ-dependent mechanisms in the inflamed synovium limit, rather than promote, inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Minerva González-Sánchez
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,CONACyT - Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Jea-Hyun Baek
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Julia Weinmann-Menke
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Amrendra Kumar Ajay
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Masaharu Noda
- Homeostatic Mechanism Research Unit, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ruth Anne Franklin
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Vicki Rubin Kelley
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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12
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Hurysz B, Bottini N. Emerging proteoglycans and proteoglycan-targeted therapies in rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C1061-C1067. [PMID: 35476502 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00086.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common auto-immune disease-causing inflammation of the joints and damage of the cartilage and bone. The pathogenesis of RA is characterized in many patients by the presence of antibodies against citrullinated proteins. In the joints, proteoglycans are key structural elements of extracellular matrix in the articular cartilage and synovium and are secreted as lubricants in the synovial fluid. Alterations of proteoglycans contribute to mechanism of disease in RA. Proteoglycans such as aggrecan can be citrullinated and become potential targets of the rheumatoid auto-immune response. Proteoglycans are also up-regulated in RA joints and/or undergo alterations of their regulatory functions over cytokines and chemokines, which promotes inflammation and bone damage. Recent studies have aimed to not only clarify these mechanisms but also develop novel proteoglycan-modulating therapeutics. These include agents altering the function and signaling of proteoglycans as well as tolerizing agents based on citrullinated aggrecan. This mini-review summarizes the most recent findings regarding the dysregulation of proteoglycans that contributes to RA pathogenesis and the potential for proteoglycan-modulating agents to improve RA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Hurysz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Nunzio Bottini
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States
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13
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Otsuka R, Wada H, Seino KI. IL-34, the rationale of its expression in physiological and pathological condition. Semin Immunol 2021; 54:101517. [PMID: 34774392 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-34 is a cytokine that shares one of its receptors with CSF-1. It has long been thought that CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R) receives signals only from CSF-1, but the identification of IL-34 reversed this stereotype. Regardless of low structural homology, IL-34 and CSF-1 emanate similar downstream signaling through binding to CSF-1R and provoke similar but different physiological events afterward. In addition to CSF-1R, protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-ζ and Syndecan-1 were also identified as IL-34 receptors and shown to be at play. Although IL-34 expression is limited to particular tissues in physiological conditions, previous studies have revealed that it is upregulated in several diseases. In cancer, IL-34 is produced by several types of tumor cells and contributes to therapy resistance and disease progression. A recent study has demonstrated that tumor cell-derived IL-34 abrogates immunotherapy efficacy through myeloid cell remodeling. On the other hand, IL-34 expression is downregulated in some brain and dermal disorders. Despite accumulating insights, our understanding of IL-34 may not be even close to its nature. This review aims to comprehensively describe the physiological and pathological roles of IL-34 based on its similarity and differences to CSF-1 and discuss the rationale for its disease-dependent expression pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Otsuka
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Haruka Wada
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Seino
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0815, Japan.
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14
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Van Raemdonck K, Umar S, Palasiewicz K, Volin MV, Elshabrawy HA, Romay B, Tetali C, Ahmed A, Amin MA, Zomorrodi RK, Sweiss N, Shahrara S. Interleukin-34 Reprograms Glycolytic and Osteoclastic Rheumatoid Arthritis Macrophages via Syndecan 1 and Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Receptor. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 73:2003-2014. [PMID: 33982895 PMCID: PMC8568622 DOI: 10.1002/art.41792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), elevated serum interleukin-34 (IL-34) levels are linked with increased disease severity. IL-34 binds to 2 receptors, macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (M-CSFR) and syndecan 1, which are coexpressed in RA macrophages. Expression of both IL-34 and syndecan 1 is strikingly elevated in the RA synovium, yet their mechanisms of action remain undefined. This study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism of action of IL-34 in RA. METHODS To characterize the significance of IL-34 in immunometabolism, its mechanism of action was elucidated in joint macrophages, fibroblasts, and T effector cells using RA and preclinical models. RESULTS Intriguingly, syndecan 1 activated IL-34-induced M-CSFR phosphorylation and reprogrammed RA naive cells into distinctive CD14+CD86+GLUT1+ M34 macrophages that expressed elevated levels of IL-1β, CXCL8, and CCL2. In murine M34 macrophages, the inflammatory phenotype was accompanied by potentiated glycolytic activity, exhibited by transcriptional up-regulation of GLUT1, c-Myc, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and amplified pyruvate and l-lactate secretion. Local expression of IL-34 provoked arthritis by expanding the glycolytic F4/80-positive, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-positive macrophage population, which in turn attracted fibroblasts and polarized Th1/Th17 cells. The cross-talk between murine M34 macrophages and Th1/Th17 cells broadened the inflammatory and metabolic phenotypes, resulting in the expansion of IL-34 pathogenicity. Consequently, IL-34-instigated joint inflammation was alleviated in RAG-/- mice compared to wild-type mice. Syndecan 1 deficiency attenuated IL-34-induced arthritis by interfering with joint glycolytic M34 macrophage and osteoclast remodeling. Similarly, inhibition of glycolysis by 2-deoxy-d-glucose reversed the joint swelling and metabolic rewiring triggered by IL-34 via HIF-1α and c-Myc induction. CONCLUSION IL-34 is a novel endogenous factor that remodels hypermetabolic M34 macrophages and facilitates their cross-regulation with T effector cells to advance inflammatory bone destruction in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Van Raemdonck
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sadiq Umar
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Karol Palasiewicz
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Michael V. Volin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Hatem A. Elshabrawy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, TX 77304, USA
| | - Bianca Romay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Chandana Tetali
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Azam Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - M. Asif Amin
- Division of Rheumatology, Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ryan K. Zomorrodi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Nadera Sweiss
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Shiva Shahrara
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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15
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Franzè E, Marafini I, Troncone E, Salvatori S, Monteleone G. Interleukin-34 promotes tumorigenic signals for colon cancer cells. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:245. [PMID: 34535634 PMCID: PMC8448832 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00636-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most common forms of malignancy in the Western world. Accumulating evidence indicates that colon carcinogenesis is tightly controlled by tumour-associated immune cells and stromal cells, which can either stimulate or suppress CRC cell growth and survival, mainly via the production of cytokines. Interleukin-34 (IL-34), a cytokine known to regulate mainly monocyte/macrophage survival and function, is highly produced within the CRC microenvironment by several cell types, including cancer cells, tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and regulates the pro-tumoural functions of such cells. In this article, we summarize the available data supporting the multiple effects of IL-34 in human CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Franzè
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "TOR VERGATA", Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Marafini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "TOR VERGATA", Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Troncone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "TOR VERGATA", Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Salvatori
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "TOR VERGATA", Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Monteleone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "TOR VERGATA", Rome, Italy.
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16
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Wang Z, Zhu J, Wang T, Zhou H, Wang J, Huang Z, Zhang H, Shi J. Loss of IL-34 Expression Indicates Poor Prognosis in Patients With Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:639724. [PMID: 34336646 PMCID: PMC8322957 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.639724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 34 (IL-34), an additional ligand of the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R), promotes the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and stimulates NF-κB and JNK-related signaling pathways. However, the potential mechanism and prognostic value of IL-34 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain obscure. In this study, IL-34 was found to be downregulated in LUAD tissues compared with para-carcinoma tissues, and loss of IL-34 expression was correlated with shorter overall survival (OS), which was validated by bioinformatics\ analysis in TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) cohort and immunohistochemical analysis in the NTU (Nantong University) cohort, respectively. Subsequently, loss of IL-34 promotes negative regulation of the immune system and inhibits the infiltration of immune cells. Moreover, IL-34 deficiency was shown to be an independent adverse prognostic factor for patients with LUAD, and subgroup analysis indicated that IL-34 might contribute to the stratified management of patients with LUAD. IL-34-based nomogram model significantly improved the accuracy of prognostic predictions for OS of patients with LUAD, both in the TCGA cohort and the NTU cohort. Taken together, our data suggested that loss of IL-34 expression is associated with poor prognosis and negative regulation of the immune system of patients with LUAD, contributing to the stratified management of patients with LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Wang
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jinjie Wang
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhanghao Huang
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Haijian Zhang
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiahai Shi
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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17
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Freuchet A, Salama A, Remy S, Guillonneau C, Anegon I. IL-34 and CSF-1, deciphering similarities and differences at steady state and in diseases. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:771-796. [PMID: 33600012 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ru1120-773r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although IL-34 and CSF-1 share actions as key mediators of monocytes/macrophages survival and differentiation, they also display differences that should be identified to better define their respective roles in health and diseases. IL-34 displays low sequence homology with CSF-1 but has a similar general structure and they both bind to a common receptor CSF-1R, although binding and subsequent intracellular signaling shows differences. CSF-1R expression has been until now mainly described at a steady state in monocytes/macrophages and myeloid dendritic cells, as well as in some cancers. IL-34 has also 2 other receptors, protein-tyrosine phosphatase zeta (PTPζ) and CD138 (Syndecan-1), expressed in some epithelium, cells of the central nervous system (CNS), as well as in numerous cancers. While most, if not all, of CSF-1 actions are mediated through monocyte/macrophages, IL-34 has also other potential actions through PTPζ and CD138. Additionally, IL-34 and CSF-1 are produced by different cells in different tissues. This review describes and discusses similarities and differences between IL-34 and CSF-1 at steady state and in pathological situations and identifies possible ways to target IL-34, CSF-1, and its receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Freuchet
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Apolline Salama
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Séverine Remy
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Carole Guillonneau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
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18
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van Eegher S, Perez-Lozano ML, Toillon I, Valour D, Pigenet A, Citadelle D, Bourrier C, Courtade-Gaïani S, Grégoire L, Cléret D, Malbos S, Nourissat G, Sautet A, Lafage-Proust MH, Pastoureau P, Rolland-Valognes G, De Ceuninck F, Berenbaum F, Houard X. The differentiation of prehypertrophic into hypertrophic chondrocytes drives an OA-remodeling program and IL-34 expression. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:257-268. [PMID: 33301945 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We hypothesize that chondrocytes from the deepest articular cartilage layer are pivotal in maintaining cartilage integrity and that the modification of their prehypertrophic phenotype to a hypertrophic phenotype will drive cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis. DESIGN Murine immature articular chondrocytes (iMACs) were successively cultured into three different culture media to induce a progressive hypertrophic differentiation. Chondrocyte were phenotypically characterized by whole-genome microarray analysis. The expression of IL-34 and its receptors PTPRZ1 and CSF1R in chondrocytes and in human osteoarthritis tissues was assessed by RT-qPCR, ELISA and immunohistochemistry. The expression of bone remodeling and angiogenesis factors and the cell response to IL-1β and IL-34 were investigated by RT-qPCR and ELISA. RESULTS Whole-genome microarray analysis showed that iMACs, prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes each displayed a specific phenotype. IL-1β induced a stronger catabolic effect in prehypertrophic chondrocytes than in iMACs. Hypertrophic differentiation of prehypertrophic chondrocytes increased Bmp-2 (95%CI [0.78; 1.98]), Bmp-4 (95%CI [0.89; 1.59]), Cxcl12 (95%CI [2.19; 5.41]), CCL2 (95%CI [3.59; 11.86]), Mmp 3 (95%CI [10.29; 32.14]) and Vegf mRNA expression (95%CI [0.20; 1.74]). Microarray analysis identified IL-34, PTPRZ1 and CSFR1 as being strongly overexpressed in hypertrophic chondrocytes. IL-34 was released by human osteoarthritis cartilage; its receptors were expressed in human osteoarthritis tissues. IL-34 stimulated CCL2 and MMP13 in osteoblasts and hypertrophic chondrocytes but not in iMACs or prehypertrophic chondrocytes. CONCLUSION Our results identify prehypertrophic chondrocytes as being potentially pivotal in the control of cartilage and subchondral bone integrity. Their differentiation into hypertrophic chondrocytes initiates a remodeling program in which IL-34 may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- S van Eegher
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), F-75012, Paris, France
| | - M-L Perez-Lozano
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), F-75012, Paris, France
| | - I Toillon
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), F-75012, Paris, France
| | - D Valour
- Servier Research Institute, F-78290, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - A Pigenet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), F-75012, Paris, France
| | - D Citadelle
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), F-75012, Paris, France
| | - C Bourrier
- Servier Research Institute, F-78290, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | | | - L Grégoire
- Soladis, 94 Rue Saint-Lazare, F-75009, Paris, France
| | - D Cléret
- Université de Lyon - Université Jean Monnet, INSERM U1059, Faculté de Médecine, F-42270, Saint-Priest en Jarez, France
| | - S Malbos
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), F-75012, Paris, France
| | - G Nourissat
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), F-75012, Paris, France; Clinique Maussins-Nollet, Ramsay Générale de Santé, F-75019, Paris, France
| | - A Sautet
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, APHP Saint-Antoine Hospital, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - M-H Lafage-Proust
- Université de Lyon - Université Jean Monnet, INSERM U1059, Faculté de Médecine, F-42270, Saint-Priest en Jarez, France
| | - P Pastoureau
- Servier Research Institute, F-78290, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | | | - F De Ceuninck
- Servier Research Institute, F-78290, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - F Berenbaum
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), F-75012, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM CRSA, AP-HP Hopital Saint Antoine, Paris.
| | - X Houard
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), F-75012, Paris, France
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19
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Muñoz-Garcia J, Cochonneau D, Télétchéa S, Moranton E, Lanoe D, Brion R, Lézot F, Heymann MF, Heymann D. The twin cytokines interleukin-34 and CSF-1: masterful conductors of macrophage homeostasis. Theranostics 2021; 11:1568-1593. [PMID: 33408768 PMCID: PMC7778581 DOI: 10.7150/thno.50683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are specialized cells that control tissue homeostasis. They include non-resident and tissue-resident macrophage populations which are characterized by the expression of particular cell surface markers and the secretion of molecules with a wide range of biological functions. The differentiation and polarization of macrophages relies on specific growth factors and their receptors. Macrophage-colony stimulating factor (CSF-1) and interleukine-34 (IL-34), also known as "twin" cytokines, are part of this regluatory landscape. CSF-1 and IL-34 share a common receptor, the macrophage-colony stimulating factor receptor (CSF-1R), which is activated in a similar way by both factors and turns on identical signaling pathways. However, there is some discrete differential activation leading to specific activities. In this review, we disscuss recent progress in understanding of the role of the twin cytokines in macrophage differentiation, from their interaction with CSF-1R and the activation of signaling pathways, to their implication in macrophage polarization of non-resident and tissue-resident macrophages. A special focus on IL-34, its involvement in pathophsyiological contexts, and its potential as a theranostic target for macrophage therapy will be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Muñoz-Garcia
- Université de Nantes, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, F-44805, France
- SATT Ouest Valorisation, Nantes, France
| | - Denis Cochonneau
- Université de Nantes, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, F-44805, France
| | | | - Emilie Moranton
- Université de Nantes, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, F-44805, France
| | - Didier Lanoe
- Université de Nantes, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, F-44805, France
| | - Régis Brion
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, U1238, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Dominique Heymann
- Université de Nantes, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, F-44805, France
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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20
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Pinheiro D, Mawhin MA, Prendecki M, Woollard KJ. In-silico analysis of myeloid cells across the animal kingdom reveals neutrophil evolution by colony-stimulating factors. eLife 2020; 9:60214. [PMID: 33236983 PMCID: PMC7717901 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils constitute the largest population of phagocytic granulocytes in the blood of mammals. The development and function of neutrophils and monocytes is primarily governed by the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor family (CSF3R/CSF3) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor family (CSF1R/IL34/CSF1) respectively. Using various techniques this study considered how the emergence of receptor:ligand pairings shaped the distribution of blood myeloid cell populations. Comparative gene analysis supported the ancestral pairings of CSF1R/IL34 and CSF3R/CSF3, and the emergence of CSF1 later in lineages after the advent of Jawed/Jawless fish. Further analysis suggested that the emergence of CSF3 lead to reorganisation of granulocyte distribution between amphibian and early reptiles. However, the advent of endothermy likely contributed to the dominance of the neutrophil/heterophil in modern-day mammals and birds. In summary, we show that the emergence of CSF3R/CSF3 was a key factor in the subsequent evolution of the modern-day mammalian neutrophil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damilola Pinheiro
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Anne Mawhin
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Prendecki
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin J Woollard
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Lelios I, Cansever D, Utz SG, Mildenberger W, Stifter SA, Greter M. Emerging roles of IL-34 in health and disease. J Exp Med 2020; 217:133604. [PMID: 31940023 PMCID: PMC7062519 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are part of the innate immune system and are present in every organ of the body. They fulfill critical roles in tissue homeostasis and development and are involved in various pathologies. An essential factor for the development, homeostasis, and function of mononuclear phagocytes is the colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R), which has two known ligands: CSF-1 and interleukin-34 (IL-34). While CSF-1 has been extensively studied, the biology and functions of IL-34 are only now beginning to be uncovered. In this review, we discuss recent advances of IL-34 biology in health and disease with a specific focus on mononuclear phagocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Lelios
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dilay Cansever
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian G Utz
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wiebke Mildenberger
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian A Stifter
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Greter
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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22
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Recent insights of the role and signalling pathways of interleukin-34 in liver diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 89:107023. [PMID: 33129098 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Liver disease is a global health problem and is a primary cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Specifically, it accounts for approximately two million deaths per year worldwide. The common causes of mortality are the complications of liver cirrhosis, viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The mechanism of immune response and infiltration of cellular immunity is essential for promoting hepatic inflammatory, especially when the liver is abundant with lymphocytes and phagocytic cells. The injured and immunity cells secret different types of interleukins (cytokines), which can directly or indirectly amplify or inhibit liver inflammation. Many types of cells can produce interleukin-34 (IL-34) that induces the release of multiple inflammatory factors in patients via interaction with various cytokines. This phenomenon leads to the enlargement of the inflammatory response to liver diseases and induces liver fibrosis. This review highlights the proposed roles of IL-34 in liver diseases and discusses the recent findings of IL-34 that support its emerging role in HCC. Specifically, the facilitating effects of these new insights on the rational development of IL-34 for targeted therapies in the future are explored.
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23
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Endo H, Hama N, Baghdadi M, Ishikawa K, Otsuka R, Wada H, Asano H, Endo D, Konno Y, Kato T, Watari H, Tozawa A, Suzuki N, Yokose T, Takano A, Kato H, Miyagi Y, Daigo Y, Seino KI. Interleukin-34 expression in ovarian cancer: a possible correlation with disease progression. Int Immunol 2020; 32:175-186. [PMID: 31868884 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the second-most lethal gynecological malignancy and the seventh-commonest cause of cancer-related death in women around the world. Most of the ovarian cancer patients are diagnosed at advanced stages and suffer from recurrence after primary cytoreductive surgery and standard first-line chemotherapy. Thus, the successful management of ovarian cancer patients requires the identification of factors that contribute to progression and relapse. Interleukin-34 (IL-34) is a novel cytokine that acts as a tissue-specific ligand of colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R). In cancer, IL-34 exerts pro-tumorigenic functions that promote tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, immune suppression and therapeutic resistance. In this study, we evaluate the impact of IL-34 on progression and survival of ovarian cancer patients. First, IL-34 was found to be expressed in several human ovarian cancer cell lines and cancer tissues from patients. The expression of IL-34 was enhanced by cytotoxic chemotherapy in ovarian cancer cell lines and cancer tissues from chemotherapy-treated ovarian cancer patients. Importantly, high IL-34 expression correlated with worse progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival in different cohorts. The assessment of PFS based on a combination between IL34 expression and other related genes such as CSF1R and CD163 helped further to reach more statistical significance compared with IL34 alone. Furthermore, in the murine ovarian cancer cell HM-1 in vivo model, it was suggested that IL-34-derived tumor cells was correlated with tumor progression and survival by modulating the immune environment. Collectively, these findings indicate a possible correlation between IL-34 expression and disease progression in ovarian cancer patients and the mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiraku Endo
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Hama
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Muhammad Baghdadi
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kozo Ishikawa
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryo Otsuka
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Haruka Wada
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Endo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Konno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hidemichi Watari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akiko Tozawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nao Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokose
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takano
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.,Center for Antibody and Vaccine, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisamori Kato
- Department of Gynecology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yataro Daigo
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.,Center for Antibody and Vaccine, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Seino
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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24
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Impact of IL-34, IFN-α and IFN-λ1 on activity of systemic lupus erythematosus in Egyptian patients. Reumatologia 2020; 58:221-230. [PMID: 32921829 PMCID: PMC7477477 DOI: 10.5114/reum.2020.98434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune, multi-system inflammatory disease. Among cytokines involved in SLE pathogenesis, interferons (particularly IFN-α) and interleukin 34 play a pivotal role. Interestingly, the gene signatures of type III (IFN-λ1) and type I IFNs may overlap. Increased levels of IFN-λ also have been reported in SLE. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess serum levels of IL-34, IFN-λ1, IFN-α and the relationship between these cytokines and clinical and laboratory parameters and response to treatment in a cohort of Egyptian SLE patients. Material and methods The study included 82 newly diagnosed SLE patients: male 17.1% (n = 14), female 82.9% (n = 68), mean age ±SD: 48.6 ±8.2 and 60 healthy subjects matched by age and gender as a control group. Medical history, physical examination and laboratory tests for confirming SLE diagnosis and assessment of disease activity were collected. The assessment of serum levels of studied cytokines were performed using the ELISA method. All studied patients after first cytokine evaluation were treated with a combination of antimalarial drugs, glucocorticosteroids and/or immunosuppressive drugs with follow-up after six months of treatment. Results In the SLE group the mean serum levels of IL-34, IFN-α and IFN-λ1 were 175.9 ±125.9 pg/ml, 109.3 ±32.5 pg/ml and 227.9 ±144.8 pg/ml respectively. These cytokine levels were significantly higher in the SLE group than in healthy controls. 39% of SLE patients (n = 32) had SLAM > 6 and 26.8% (n = 22) had SLEDAI >6. There were 21 SLE patients (25.6%) with lupus nephritis. IL-34 and IFN-λ1 were positively correlated with anti-dsDNA antibodies but negatively correlated with C3 complement component (p ≤ 0.05). IL-34, INF-α and IFN-λ1 were significantly higher in lupus nephritis patients, and correlated with poorest response to treatment. IL-34 and IFN-λ1 were correlated with higher SLAM > 6 and SLEDAI > 6 results; there was no such correlation between IFN-α and disease activity. Accumulation of three or more clinical features during follow-up was significantly associated with high levels of studied cytokines. Triple high positivity was found in 17 patients (20.7%) and correlated with presence of anti-dsDNA antibodies, low levels of C3 component of complement and lupus nephritis. Conclusions SLE patients with high serum levels of IL-34, IFN-α and IFN-λ1 more often had lupus nephritis and poor response to immunosuppressive treatment. The triple cytokine elevation was strongly associated with higher disease activity. These results may indicate the need to distinguish this group of patients with such aggressive phenotype and consider targeted multi-therapy.
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25
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The M-CSF receptor in osteoclasts and beyond. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1239-1254. [PMID: 32801364 PMCID: PMC8080670 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0484-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R, also known as c-FMS) is a receptor tyrosine kinase. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and IL-34 are ligands of CSF1R. CSF1R-mediated signaling is crucial for the survival, function, proliferation, and differentiation of myeloid lineage cells, including osteoclasts, monocytes/macrophages, microglia, Langerhans cells in the skin, and Paneth cells in the intestine. CSF1R also plays an important role in oocytes and trophoblastic cells in the female reproductive tract and in the maintenance and maturation of neural progenitor cells. Given that CSF1R is expressed in a wide range of myeloid cells, altered CSF1R signaling is implicated in inflammatory, neoplastic, and neurodegenerative diseases. Inhibiting CSF1R signaling through an inhibitory anti-CSF1R antibody or small molecule inhibitors that target the kinase activity of CSF1R has thus been a promising therapeutic strategy for those diseases. In this review, we cover the recent progress in our understanding of the various roles of CSF1R in osteoclasts and other myeloid cells, highlighting the therapeutic applications of CSF1R inhibitors in disease conditions. Drugs directed at a key signaling receptor involved in breaking down bone tissue could help treat diseases marked by pathological bone loss and destruction. In a review article, Kyung-Hyun Park-Min and colleagues from the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York, USA, discuss the essential roles played by the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) protein in the survival, function, proliferation and differentiation of myeloid lineage stem cells in the bone marrow, including bone-resorbing osteoclasts. They explore the links between the CSF1R-mediated signaling pathway and diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration. The authors largely focus on bone conditions, highlighting mouse studies in which CSF1R-blocking drugs were shown to ameliorate bone loss and inflammatory symptoms in models of arthritis, osteoporosis and metastatic cancer. Clinical trials are ongoing to test therapeutic applications.
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26
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Bézie S, Freuchet A, Sérazin C, Salama A, Vimond N, Anegon I, Guillonneau C. IL-34 Actions on FOXP3 + Tregs and CD14 + Monocytes Control Human Graft Rejection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1496. [PMID: 32849510 PMCID: PMC7431608 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are major players regulating immune responses toward inflammatory and tolerogenic results. In organ and bone marrow transplantation, new reagents are needed to inhibit tissue destructive mechanisms and eventually induce immune tolerance without overall immunosuppression. IL-34 is a cytokine with no significant homology with any other cytokine but that acts preferentially through CSF-1R, as CSF-1 does, and through PTPζ and CD138. Although IL-34 and CSF-1 share actions, a detailed analysis of their effects on immune cells needs further research. We previously showed that both CD4+ and CD8+ FOXP3+ Tregs suppress effector T cells through the production of IL-34, but not CSF-1, and that this action was mediated through antigen-presenting cells. We showed here by single-cell RNAseq and cytofluorimetry that different subsets of human monocytes expressed different levels of CSF-1R, CD138, and PTPζ and that both CD4+ and CD8+ FOXP3+ Tregs expressed higher levels of CSF-1R than conventional T cells. The effects of IL-34 differed in the survival of these different subpopulations of monocytes and RNAseq analysis showed several genes differentially expressed between IL-34, CSF-1, M0, M1, and also M2 macrophages. Acute graft-vs.-host disease (aGVHD) in immunodeficient NSG mice injected with human PBMCs was decreased when treated with IL-34 in combination with an anti-CD45RC mAb that depleted conventional T cells. When IL-34-differentiated monocytes were used to expand Tregs in vitro, both CD4+ and CD8+ FOXP3+ Tregs were highly enriched and this effect was superior to the one obtained with CSF-1. Human CD8+ Tregs expanded in vitro with IL-34-differentiated allogeneic monocytes suppressed human immune responses in an NSG mouse aGVHD model humanized with hPBMCs. Overall, we showed that IL-34 induced the differentiation of human monocytes with a particular transcriptional profile and these cells favored the development of potent suppressor FOXP3+ Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Bézie
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Freuchet
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Céline Sérazin
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Apolline Salama
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Nadège Vimond
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Carole Guillonneau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
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27
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Zuroff LR, Torbati T, Hart NJ, Fuchs DT, Sheyn J, Rentsendorj A, Koronyo Y, Hayden EY, Teplow DB, Black KL, Koronyo-Hamaoui M. Effects of IL-34 on Macrophage Immunological Profile in Response to Alzheimer's-Related Aβ 42 Assemblies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1449. [PMID: 32765504 PMCID: PMC7378440 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-34 (IL-34) is a recently discovered cytokine that acts as a second ligand of the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) in addition to macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Similar to M-CSF, IL-34 also stimulates bone marrow (BM)-derived monocyte survival and differentiation into macrophages. Growing evidence suggests that peripheral BM-derived monocyte/macrophages (BMMO) play a key role in the physiological clearance of cerebral amyloid β-protein (Aβ). Aβ42 forms are especially neurotoxic and highly associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). As a ligand of CSF1R, IL-34 may be relevant to innate immune responses in AD. To investigate how IL-34 affects macrophage phenotype in response to structurally defined and stabilized Aβ42 oligomers and preformed fibrils, we characterized murine BMMO cultured in media containing M-CSF, IL-34, or regimens involving both cytokines. We found that the immunological profile and activation phenotype of IL-34-stimulated BMMO differed significantly from those cultured with M-CSF alone. Specifically, macrophage uptake of fibrillar or oligomeric Aβ42 was markedly reduced following exposure to IL-34 compared to M-CSF. Surface expression of type B scavenger receptor CD36, known to facilitate Aβ recognition and uptake, was modified following treatment with IL-34. Similarly, IL-34 macrophages expressed lower levels of proteins involved in both Aβ uptake (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2, TREM2) as well as Aβ-degradation (matrix metallopeptidase 9, MMP-9). Interestingly, intracellular compartmentalization of Aβ visualized by staining of early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1) was not affected by IL-34. Macrophage characteristics associated with an anti-inflammatory and pro-wound healing phenotype, including processes length and morphology, were also quantified, and macrophages stimulated with IL-34 alone displayed less process elongation in response to Aβ42 compared to those cultured with M-CSF. Further, monocytes treated with IL-34 alone yielded fewer mature macrophages than those treated with M-CSF alone or in combination with IL-34. Our data indicate that IL-34 impairs monocyte differentiation into macrophages and reduces their ability to uptake pathological forms of Aβ. Given the critical role of macrophage-mediated Aβ clearance in both murine models and patients with AD, future work should investigate the therapeutic potential of modulating IL-34 in vivo to increase macrophage-mediated Aβ clearance and prevent disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah R Zuroff
- Neurosurgery Department, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tania Torbati
- Neurosurgery Department, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Western University of Health Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Nadav J Hart
- Neurosurgery Department, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dieu-Trang Fuchs
- Neurosurgery Department, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Julia Sheyn
- Neurosurgery Department, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Altan Rentsendorj
- Neurosurgery Department, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yosef Koronyo
- Neurosurgery Department, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eric Y Hayden
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David B Teplow
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Keith L Black
- Neurosurgery Department, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui
- Neurosurgery Department, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Applied Cellular Biology and Physiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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28
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Rezaei S, Ghafouri-Fard S, Komaki A, Mazdeh M, Taheri M, Eftekharian MM. Increased Levels of IL-34 in Acquired Immune-Mediated Neuropathies. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:137-141. [PMID: 32588399 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01634-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-34 is ligand for the colony-stimulating factor (CSF)-1 receptor. This cytokine has fundamental roles the pathogenesis of a number of autoimmune and neurologic disorders. However, its role in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies (AIDP and CIDP) has not been assessed yet. We measured serum levels of IL-34 33 CIDP cases, 16 AIDP cases, and 33 control subjects using commercial ELISA kits. IL-34 levels were significantly higher in both AIDP (44.87 ± 4.38) and CIDP (44.87 ± 4.38) groups compared with healthy subjects (30.10 ± 1.05) (P = 0.046 and P = 0.01, respectively). Differences between female subgroups were insignificant. However, levels of this cytokine were significantly higher in male subjects with CIDP compared with male controls (P = 0.042). Thus, levels of this cytokine might be regarded as biomarkers for these kinds of autoimmune disorders. Future studies are needed to verify these results and find the molecular mechanism of participation of IL-34 in the pathogenesis of AIDP/CIDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mehrdokht Mazdeh
- Department of Neurology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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29
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Kajihara N, Kitagawa F, Kobayashi T, Wada H, Otsuka R, Seino KI. Interleukin-34 contributes to poor prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer 2020; 27:1198-1204. [PMID: 32578004 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-020-01123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype characterized by the absence of therapeutic targets. It shows rapid progression, higher relapse, and poor prognosis, so the establishment of an effective therapeutic target is required. We focused on interleukin-34 (IL-34) that is a novel cytokine relating to inflammation and tumorigenesis. It has been reported that IL-34 correlates with poor prognosis of various cancers. In this study, we evaluated the relationship of IL-34 and prognosis in TNBC using human clinical information and mice model. We found that IL-34 was highly expressed in TNBC, and the survival rate in TNBC was significantly lower in patients with high IL-34 expression. Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed that IL-34 independently affects prognosis. In murine TNBC model, IL-34 deficiency in tumor cells decreased in vivo tumor growth and increased inflammatory cytokine production from macrophages. These results suggest that tumor-derived IL-34 creates a favorable environment for TNBC cells. Thus, we showed a novel pathological role of IL-34 in TNBC and the potential of IL-34 as a therapeutic target for it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeel Kajihara
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Fumihito Kitagawa
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Takuto Kobayashi
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Haruka Wada
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Ryo Otsuka
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Seino
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan.
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30
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Abstract
Syndecans are transmembrane proteoglycans with heparan and chondroitin sulfate chains attached to their extracellular domain. Like many proteoglycans, they interact with a large number of ligands, such as growth factors, adhesion receptors, soluble small molecules, proteinases, and other extracellular matrix proteins to initiate downstream signaling pathways. Syndecans play a major role in inflammation, mainly by regulating leukocyte extravasation and cytokine function. At the same time, syndecans can undergo cytokine mediated changes in their expression levels during inflammation. The function of syndecans during inflammation appears to depend on the stage of inflammation, sulfation of heparan/chondroitin sulfate chains, the rate of ectodomain shedding and the solubility of the ectodomains. From the current literature, it is clear that syndecans are not only involved in the initial recruitment of pro-inflammatory molecules but also in establishing a balanced progression of inflammation. This review will summarize how cell surface and soluble syndecans regulate multiple aspects of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Gopal
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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31
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Franzè E, Stolfi C, Troncone E, Scarozza P, Monteleone G. Role of Interleukin-34 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E252. [PMID: 31968663 PMCID: PMC7017118 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-talk between cancer cells and the immune cells occurring in the tumor microenvironment is crucial in promoting signals that foster tumor growth and metastasis. Both cancer cells and immune cells secrete various interleukins (IL), which, either directly or indirectly, stimulate cancer-cell proliferation, survival, and diffusion, as well as contribute to sculpt the immune microenvironment, thereby amplifying tumorigenic stimuli. IL-34, a cytokine produced by a wide range of cells, has been initially involved in the control of differentiation, proliferation, and survival of myeloid cells. More recent studies documented the overexpression of IL-34 in several cancers, such as hepatocarcinoma, osteosarcoma, multiple myeloma, colon cancer, and lung cancer, and showed that tumor cells can produce and functionally respond to this cytokine. In this review, we summarize the multiple roles of IL-34 in various cancers, with the aim to better understand the relationship between the expression of this cytokine and cancer behavior and to provide new insights for exploring a new potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Giovanni Monteleone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “TOR VERGATA”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.F.); (C.S.); (E.T.); (P.S.)
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32
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Liu Y, Zhang B, Lei Y, Xia L, Lu J, Shen H. Serum levels of interleukin-34 and clinical correlation in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Int J Rheum Dis 2019; 23:374-380. [PMID: 31823505 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To measure the levels of serum interleukin (IL)-34 in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) and evaluate the cytokine's clinical association with the disease. METHODS Serum samples were obtained from 66 pSS patients and 32 healthy controls (HCs) and measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IL-34 levels. The clinical parameters, including autoantibodies, immunoglobulins (Igs), complements (Cs), inflammatory indicators, involvement of the blood system, lung and arthritis, were collected simultaneously. Two-sample t test was applied for comparison between 2 groups, and Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess the associations between IL-34 levels and laboratory parameters. RESULTS Serum IL-34 levels were significantly elevated in pSS patients compared with HCs. Patients with anti-Ro/SSA antibody positivity showed higher serum IL-34 levels than those who were negative, as did the anti-La/SSB antibody-positive patients. Serum IL-34 levels were positively associated with the levels of rheumatoid factor, IgG and gamma-globulin, but not associated with IgA, IgM, C3, C4, erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein. For the pSS subgroups with and without leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia or interstitial lung disease (ILD), there was no significant difference in serum IL-34 levels. Interestingly, the pSS patients with arthritis had higher levels of IL-34 compared with the no-arthritis patients. CONCLUSIONS IL-34 may be involved in B cell activation and production of antibodies in pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, The 2nd People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yimeng Lei
- Department of Rheumatology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Liping Xia
- Department of Rheumatology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Rheumatology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Rheumatology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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33
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Piao C, Wang X, Peng S, Guo X, Zhao H, He L, Zeng Y, Zhang F, Zhu K, Wang Y. IL-34 causes inflammation and beta cell apoptosis and dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:1503-1512. [PMID: 31648183 PMCID: PMC6865862 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by glucose intolerance during gestation. It is associated with a series of maternal and foetal complications. Interleukin (IL)-34 is a recently discovered pro-inflammatory cytokine that functions as a ligand for colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R). The contribution of IL-34 in the development of multiple chronic inflammatory diseases and autoimmune diseases has been recently discovered. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether IL-34 participates in the pathogenesis of GDM. METHOD A total of 120 women were enrolled in this study, which included 60 GDM patients and age- and sex-matched healthy pregnant women. The expression of IL-34 in serum, cord blood and placental tissues was analysed by ELISA and Western blot assays. The association between IL-34 levels and clinical features was also studied. We additionally evaluated the effect of recombinant mouse IL-34 (rmIL-34) on apoptosis and pancreatic β cell function. RESULTS We found that IL-34 expression is highly increased in serum, cord blood and placental tissues in patients with GDM. In addition, there was a positive association between serum IL-34 and insulin resistance and glucose concentrations. Our data also revealed that IL-34 contributes to the apoptosis of pancreatic β cells in GDM caused by CSF-1R. Furthermore, functional studies found that IL-34 inhibited pancreatic β cell function and cell viability, while CSF-1R inhibitor blocked this effect. CONCLUSION IL-34 plays a crucial role in the development of GDM by targeting CSF-1R, insulin production and β cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Piao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiqiao Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Guo
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kewen Zhu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence should be addressed to Y Wang:
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34
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Kong F, Zhou K, Zhu T, Lian Q, Tao Y, Li N, Tu T, Bi Y, Yang X, Pan X, Li S, You H, Zheng K, Tang R. Interleukin-34 mediated by hepatitis B virus X protein via CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α contributes to the proliferation and migration of hepatoma cells. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12703. [PMID: 31621133 PMCID: PMC6869657 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Interleukin‐34 (IL‐34) is associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role and associated mechanisms of IL‐34 in HBV‐related HCC remain unclear. In this study, the expression, biological function and associated mechanisms of IL‐34 in HBV‐related HCC cells were investigated. Methods IL‐34 expression induced by HBV and HBV X (HBX) gene was measured in hepatoma cells. The role of CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α (CEBP/α) in HBX‐induced IL‐34 expression was examined. The signal pathways involved in the expression of CEBP/α and IL‐34 induced by HBX were assessed. The role of IL‐34 in the proliferation and migration of HCC cells, and related mechanisms were explored. Results Dependent on HBX, HBV increased IL‐34 expression in hepatoma cells, and HBX upregulated and interacted with CEBP/α to enhance the activity of IL‐34 promoters. CEBP/α mediated by HBX was associated with the activation of PI3‐K and NF‐κB pathways to promote IL‐34 expression. Via CSF1‐R and CD138, IL‐34 promoted the proliferation and migration of hepatoma cells, and contributed to the activation of ERK and STAT3 pathways and the upregulation of Bcl‐xl and c‐Myc mediated by HBX. Conclusion We demonstrate that IL‐34 contributes to HBX‐mediated functional abnormality of HCC cells and provides a novel insight into the molecular mechanism of carcinogenesis mediated by HBX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyun Kong
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Clinical Laboratory, Enze Hospital, Taizhou Enze Medical Center, Luqiao, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qi Lian
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yukai Tao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tao Tu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yanwei Bi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiucheng Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shibao Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hongjuan You
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kuiyang Zheng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Renxian Tang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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35
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Interleukin-34: A New Player in the Sepsis Arena. Crit Care Med 2019; 46:1032-1033. [PMID: 29762412 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000003113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Hume DA, Gutowska‐Ding MW, Garcia‐Morales C, Kebede A, Bamidele O, Trujillo AV, Gheyas AA, Smith J. Functional evolution of the colony‐stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) and its ligands in birds. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 107:237-250. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.6ma0519-172r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Hume
- Mater Research Institute‐University of Queensland Translational Research Institute Woolloongabba QLD 4102 Australia
| | | | - Carla Garcia‐Morales
- Department Biotecnologia Universidad Automona del Estado de Mexico Toluca Area Mexico
| | - Adebabay Kebede
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia
- Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute Bahir Dar Ethiopia
- International Livestock Research Institution (ILRI) Addis Ababa Ethiopia
| | - Oladeji Bamidele
- African Chicken Genetic Gains Project‐Nigeria The International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) Addis Ababa Ethiopia
| | - Adriana Vallejo Trujillo
- Cells, Organisms and Molecular Genetics, School of Life Sciences University of Nottingham Nottingham United Kingdom
| | - Almas A. Gheyas
- The Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh Midlothian United Kingdom
- Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health University of Edinburgh Midlothian United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Smith
- The Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh Midlothian United Kingdom
- Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health University of Edinburgh Midlothian United Kingdom
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37
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Noyori O, Komohara Y, Nasser H, Hiyoshi M, Ma C, Pan C, Carreras J, Nakamura N, Sato A, Ando K, Okuno Y, Nosaka K, Matsuoka M, Suzu S. Expression of IL-34 correlates with macrophage infiltration and prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Clin Transl Immunology 2019; 8:e1074. [PMID: 31417675 PMCID: PMC6691654 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Infiltration of macrophages through the tyrosine kinase receptor CSF1R is a poor prognosis factor in various solid tumors. Indeed, these tumors produce CSF1R ligand, macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF) or interleukin‐34 (IL‐34). However, the significance of these cytokines, particularly, the newly discovered IL‐34 in haematological malignancies, is not fully understood. We therefore analysed the role of IL‐34 in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common subtype of malignant lymphoma. Methods We analysed formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded lymphoma tissues of 135 DLBCL patients for the expression of IL‐34 and the number of macrophages, and the survival of these patients. The expression of IL‐34 in DLBCL cell lines and the activity of IL‐34 to induce the migration of monocytic cells were also characterised. Results Several lymphoma tissues showed a clear IL‐34 signal, and such signal was detectable in 36% of patients. DLBCL cell lines also expressed IL‐34. Interestingly, the percentage of IL‐34+ patients in the activated B‐cell subtype was significantly higher than that in the germinal centre B‐cell subtype. More interestingly, IL‐34+ patients showed shorter survival periods and higher number of macrophages in lymphoma tissues. The recruitment of monocytes is likely the first step for the higher macrophage density in the IL‐34+ lymphoma tissues. Indeed, IL‐34 induced the migration of monocytic cells. Conclusion Our results raise the possibility that IL‐34 in lymphoma tissues of DLBCL patients recruits monocytes, leading to the higher number of macrophages in the tissues and poor prognosis of patients. IL‐34 may be an additional therapeutic target of DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Noyori
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Hesham Nasser
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Masateru Hiyoshi
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan.,Present address: Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biologics National Institute of Infectious Diseases Tokyo Japan
| | - Chaoya Ma
- Department of Cell Pathology Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Cheng Pan
- Department of Cell Pathology Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Joaquim Carreras
- Department of Pathology School of Medicine Tokai University Kanagawa Japan
| | - Naoya Nakamura
- Department of Pathology School of Medicine Tokai University Kanagawa Japan
| | - Ai Sato
- Department of Hematology and Oncology School of Medicine Tokai University Kanagawa Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ando
- Department of Hematology and Oncology School of Medicine Tokai University Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yutaka Okuno
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Kisato Nosaka
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Masao Matsuoka
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Shinya Suzu
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
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38
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Ge Y, Huang M, Yao YM. Immunomodulation of Interleukin-34 and its Potential Significance as a Disease Biomarker and Therapeutic Target. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1835-1845. [PMID: 31523186 PMCID: PMC6743287 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.35070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-34 is a cytokine discovered a few years ago and identified as the second colony-stimulating factor (CSF)-1 receptor (CSF-1R) ligand. Although CSF-1 and IL-34 share the same receptor through which they trigger similar effects, IL-34 also binds to receptors protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-ζ and syndecan-1. Thus, IL-34 is involved in several signaling pathways and participates in a wide array of biological actions. This review analyzes current studies on the role of IL-34 under physiological and pathological conditions, and explores its potential significance as a disease biomarker and therapeutic target. In physiological conditions, IL-34 expression is restricted to the microglia and Langerhans cells, with a fundamental role in cellular differentiation, adhesion and migration, proliferation, metabolism, and survival. It is released in response to inflammatory stimuli, such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns or pro-inflammatory cytokines, with effects over various immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages, and regulatory T cells that shape the immune microenvironment. Over the past decade, accumulating evidence has suggested a potent immune regulation of IL-34 in pathological states such as autoimmune diseases, cancer, transplant rejection, neurologic diseases, infections, and inflammatory diseases. Importantly, IL-34 may hold great promise for acting as a biomarker for monitoring disease severity and progression, and may serve as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of several diseases in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ge
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Man Huang
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China.,Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
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39
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Sayyad MR, Puchalapalli M, Vergara NG, Wangensteen SM, Moore M, Mu L, Edwards C, Anderson A, Kall S, Sullivan M, Dozmorov M, Singh J, Idowu MO, Koblinski JE. Syndecan-1 facilitates breast cancer metastasis to the brain. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 178:35-49. [PMID: 31327090 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05347-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although survival rates for patients with localized breast cancer have increased, patients with metastatic breast cancer still have poor prognosis. Understanding key factors involved in promoting breast cancer metastasis is imperative for better treatments. In this study, we investigated the role of syndecan-1 (Sdc1) in breast cancer metastasis. METHODS To assess the role of Sdc1 in breast cancer metastasis, we silenced Sdc1 expression in the triple-negative breast cancer human MDA-MB-231 cell line and overexpressed it in the mouse mammary carcinoma 4T1 cell line. Intracardiac injections were performed in an experimental mouse metastasis model using both cell lines. In vitro transwell blood-brain barrier (BBB) and brain section adhesion assays were utilized to specifically investigate how Sdc1 facilitates brain metastasis. A cytokine array was performed to evaluate differences in the breast cancer cell secretome when Sdc1 is silenced. RESULTS Silencing expression of Sdc1 in breast cancer cells significantly reduced metastasis to the brain. Conversely, overexpression of Sdc1 increased metastasis to the brain. We found that silencing of Sdc1 expression had no effect on attachment of breast cancer cells to brain endothelial cells or astrocytes, but migration across the BBB was reduced as well as adhesion to the perivascular regions of the brain. Loss of Sdc1 also led to changes in breast cancer cell-secreted cytokines/chemokines, which may influence the BBB. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study demonstrates a role for Sdc1 in promoting breast cancer metastasis to the brain. These findings suggest that Sdc1 supports breast cancer cell migration across the BBB through regulation of cytokines, which may modulate the BBB. Further elucidating this mechanism will allow for the development of therapeutic strategies to combat brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R Sayyad
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Madhavi Puchalapalli
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Women's Cancer Research Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Natasha G Vergara
- Department of Pathology, Women's Cancer Research Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,McCormick School of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Sierra Mosticone Wangensteen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Melvin Moore
- Department of Pathology, Women's Cancer Research Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,McCormick School of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Liang Mu
- Department of Pathology, Women's Cancer Research Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chevaunne Edwards
- Department of Pathology, Women's Cancer Research Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aubree Anderson
- Department of Pathology, Women's Cancer Research Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stefanie Kall
- Department of Pathology, Women's Cancer Research Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,McCormick School of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Megan Sullivan
- Department of Pathology, Women's Cancer Research Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mikhail Dozmorov
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jaime Singh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michael O Idowu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jennifer E Koblinski
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Women's Cancer Research Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Sanger Hall 4-013, 1101 E. Marshall St, Box 980662, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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40
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Xu WD, Huang AF, Fu L, Liu XY, Su LC. Targeting IL-34 in inflammatory autoimmune diseases. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21810-21816. [PMID: 31173370 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-34 (IL-34) shares a common receptor with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and can bind to CSF-1R, induces lymphocytes differentiation, proliferation, and regulates the synthesis of inflammatory components. Recent findings reported aberrant expression of IL-34 in several autoimmune disorders, such as lupus, arthritis, systemic sclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases. The functional analysis further demonstrated that IL-34 may perform significantly in these inflammatory autoimmune disorders. IL-34 might consider as a biomarker for these diseases. I hope this collection of the findings in this review will improve knowledge of the role of IL-34, and targeting IL-34 may give the potential for these autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Dong Xu
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, luzhou, China
| | - An-Fang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lu Fu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, luzhou, China
| | - Lin-Chong Su
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
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41
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Udomsinprasert W, Jittikoon J, Honsawek S. Interleukin-34 as a promising clinical biomarker and therapeutic target for inflammatory arthritis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 47:43-53. [PMID: 31126875 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-34 (IL-34), recently identified as a novel inflammatory cytokine and the second ligand for colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor, is known to play regulatory roles in the development, maintenance, and function of mononuclear phagocyte lineage cells - especially osteoclasts. Regarding its primary effect on osteoclasts, IL-34 has been shown to stimulate formation and activation of osteoclasts, which in turn magnifies osteoclasts-resorbing activity. In addition to its role in osteoclastogenesis, IL-34 has been implicated in inflammation of synovium via augmenting production of inflammatory mediators, in which altered IL-34 expression is regulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines responsible for cartilage degradation. Indeed, IL-34 has been documented to be highly expressed in inflamed synovium of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients, which are recognized as inflammatory arthritis. Furthermore, a number of clinical studies demonstrated that IL-34 levels were significantly increased in the circulation and synovial fluid of patients with RA and knee OA. Its levels were also found to be positively associated with disease severity - especially radiographic severity of both RA and knee OA patients. Interestingly, emerging evidence has accumulated that functional blockage of IL-34 with specific antibody can alleviate the severity of inflammatory arthritis. It is therefore reasonable to speculate that IL-34 may be developed as a potential biomarker and a new therapeutic candidate for inflammatory arthritis. To date, there are numerous studies showing IL-34 involvement and association with many aspects of inflammatory arthritis. Herein, this review aimed to summarize the recent findings regarding regulatory role of IL-34 in synovial inflammation-mediated cartilage destruction and update the current comprehensive knowledge on usefulness of IL-34-based treatment in inflammatory arthritis - particularly RA and knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiraphun Jittikoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sittisak Honsawek
- Department of Biochemistry, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
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Li M, Dong Y, Chen Z, Meng L, Liu X, Zhang X, Wang H, Mao W, Zhang J, Jiang Z, Huang T, Hu J, Luo P, Korner H, Ying S, Li J. MicroRNA-31 Negatively Regulates Interleukin-34 Expression In Vitro. Immunol Invest 2019; 48:597-607. [PMID: 31012336 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2019.1578230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-34 (IL-34) is a recently discovered cytokine that promotes tissue macrophage maturation and differentiation. We previously found that 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 up-regulated IL-34 expression in SH-SY5Y neural cells. However, whether microRNA regulates IL-34 expression is not completely clear. By using on-line TargetScan and MiRanda software, we found that there was only one conserved microRNA-31 (miR-31) binding site in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of IL-34 mRNA. Intriguingly, using qPCR we demonstrated that miR-31 levels were negatively correlated to IL-34 mRNA levels in different cell lines. By examining the effect of miR-31 on IL-34 3' UTR reporter luciferase activity and on IL-34 mRNA and argonaute RISC catalytic component 2 (AGO2) binding, it was found that miR-31 bound directly to IL-34 3'UTR and regulated the post-transcriptional expression of IL-34 in MGC-803 cells. Moreover, a miR-31 mimic significantly reduced IL-34 expression levels while a miR-31 inhibitor up-regulated IL-34 expression in KYSE-45 and HT-29 cells. Taken together, these results show that miR-31 negatively regulates IL-34 expression by directly binding to the IL-34 3' UTR in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Li
- a Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui Province , P.R.China
| | - Yang Dong
- a Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui Province , P.R.China
| | - Zhangming Chen
- a Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui Province , P.R.China
| | - Lei Meng
- a Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui Province , P.R.China
| | - Xingyun Liu
- a Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui Province , P.R.China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- a Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui Province , P.R.China
| | - Huimin Wang
- a Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui Province , P.R.China
| | - Weijia Mao
- a Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui Province , P.R.China
| | - Jie Zhang
- a Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui Province , P.R.China
| | - Zhe Jiang
- a Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui Province , P.R.China
| | - Ting Huang
- a Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui Province , P.R.China
| | - Jie Hu
- a Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui Province , P.R.China
| | - Panquan Luo
- a Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui Province , P.R.China
| | - Heinrich Korner
- b Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui Province , P.R.China.,c Menzies Institute for Medical Research Tasmania , Hobart , Tasmania , Australia
| | - Songcheng Ying
- a Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui Province , P.R.China.,d Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui Province , P.R.China
| | - Jun Li
- d Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui Province , P.R.China
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43
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Ge Y, Huang M, Zhu XM, Yao YM. Biological functions and clinical implications of interleukin-34 in inflammatory diseases. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 119:39-63. [PMID: 31997772 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-34 is a recently discovered cytokine and ligand of the colony-stimulating factor (CSF)-1 receptor. Although CSF-1 and IL-34 share similar biological properties, their expression patterns and downstream signaling pathways are distinct. IL-34 can influence differentiation and has functions in multiple cell types (e.g., dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages). In the pathological conditions, IL-34 is induced by pro-inflammatory stimuli (e.g., cytokines, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and infection). Current evidence shows that IL-34 is a critical player in inflammatory response and is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory autoimmune dysfunction. Therefore, IL-34 may be a promising clinical biomarker and therapeutic target for treating inflammatory related disorders. In this article, we review the advances in biological functions of IL-34 and our understanding of its role in the development of inflammatory diseases as well as therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ge
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Man Huang
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhu
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
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44
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Jiang Y, Chen J, Yen K, Xu J. Ectopically Expressed IL-34 Can Efficiently Induce Macrophage Migration to the Liver in Zebrafish. Zebrafish 2019; 16:165-170. [PMID: 30724719 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2018.1685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-34 (IL-34) is a known cytokine that plays an important role in the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of macrophages. In previous studies, IL-34 can induce macrophage migration through syndecan-1 or focal adhesion kinase and extracellular signal-related kinase 1 and 2 pathway. These studies mainly focused on in vitro experiments, but the effect of IL-34 on macrophage migration in vivo is less understood. In our study, we artificially induced macrophage, but not neutrophil, enrichment in the skin or liver by overexpressing IL-34 in epidermal cells or hepatocytes in zebrafish. Live imaging showed that the enrichment of macrophages in the liver is due to the direct attraction of macrophages by IL-34. Our results demonstrated that ectopically expressed IL-34 can induce macrophage migration to liver in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Jiang
- 1 Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- 1 Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuangyu Yen
- 1 Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Xu
- 2 Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Ogawa S, Matsuoka Y, Takada M, Matsui K, Yamane F, Kubota E, Yasuhara S, Hieda K, Kanayama N, Hatano N, Tokumitsu H, Magari M. Interleukin 34 (IL-34) cell-surface localization regulated by the molecular chaperone 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein facilitates the differentiation of monocytic cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:2386-2396. [PMID: 30573681 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 34 (IL-34) constitutes a cytokine that shares a common receptor, colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R), with CSF-1. We recently identified a novel type of monocytic cell termed follicular dendritic cell-induced monocytic cells (FDMCs), whose differentiation depended on CSF-1R signaling through the IL-34 produced from a follicular dendritic cell line, FL-Y. Here, we report the functional mechanisms of the IL-34-mediated CSF-1R signaling underlying FDMC differentiation. CRIPSR/Cas9-mediated knockout of the Il34 gene confirmed that the ability of FL-Y cells to induce FDMCs completely depends on the IL-34 expressed by FL-Y cells. Transwell culture experiments revealed that FDMC differentiation requires a signal from a membrane-anchored form of IL-34 on the FL-Y cell surface, but not from a secreted form, in a direct interaction between FDMC precursor cells and FL-Y cells. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis using an anti-IL-34 antibody indicated that IL-34 was also expressed on the FL-Y cell surface. Thus, we explored proteins interacting with IL-34 in FL-Y cells. Mass spectrometry analysis and pulldown assay identified that IL-34 was associated with the molecular chaperone 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) in the plasma membrane fraction of FL-Y cells. Consistent with this finding, GRP78-heterozygous FL-Y cells expressed a lower level of IL-34 protein on their cell surface and exhibited a reduced competency to induce FDMC differentiation compared with the original FL-Y cells. These results indicated a novel GRP78-dependent localization and specific function of IL-34 in FL-Y cells related to monocytic cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Ogawa
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
| | - Yukiko Matsuoka
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
| | - Miho Takada
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
| | - Kazue Matsui
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
| | - Fumihiro Yamane
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
| | - Eri Kubota
- the Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, and
| | - Shiori Yasuhara
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
| | - Kentaro Hieda
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
| | - Naoki Kanayama
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology.,the Laboratory of Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka 3-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Naoya Hatano
- the Laboratory of Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka 3-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tokumitsu
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology.,the Laboratory of Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka 3-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masaki Magari
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, .,the Laboratory of Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka 3-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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46
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Baghdadi M, Umeyama Y, Hama N, Kobayashi T, Han N, Wada H, Seino KI. Interleukin-34, a comprehensive review. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:931-951. [PMID: 30066957 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.mr1117-457r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-34 is a novel cytokine that was identified in 2008 in a comprehensive proteomic analysis as a tissue-specific ligand of CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R). IL-34 exists in all vertebrates including fish, amphibians, birds, and mammals, showing high conservation among species. Structurally, IL-34 belongs to the short-chain helical hematopoietic cytokine family but shows no apparent consensus structural domains, motifs, or sequence homology with other cytokines. IL-34 is synthesized as a secreted homodimeric glycoprotein that binds to the extracellular domains of CSF-1R and receptor-type protein-tyrosine phosphatase-zeta (PTP-ζ) in addition to the chondroitin sulfate chains of syndecan-1. These interactions result in activating several signaling pathways that regulate major cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, survival, metabolism, and cytokine/chemokine expression in addition to cellular adhesion and migration. In the steady state, IL-34 contributes to the development and maintenance of specific myeloid cell subsets in a tissue-specific manner: Langerhans cells in the skin and microglia in the brain. In pathological conditions, changes in IL-34 expression-increased or decreased-are involved in disease pathogenesis and correlate with progression, severity, and chronicity. One decade after its discovery, IL-34 has been introduced as a newcomer to the big family of interleukins with specific physiological functions, critical pathological roles, and promising clinical applications in disease diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we celebrate the 10th anniversary of IL-34 discovery, introducing its biological characteristics, and discussing the importance of IL-34 signaling network in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Baghdadi
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yui Umeyama
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoki Hama
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuto Kobayashi
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nanumi Han
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Haruka Wada
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Seino
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Zhou J, Sun X, Zhang J, Yang Y, Chen D, Cao J. IL-34 regulates IL-6 and IL-8 production in human lung fibroblasts via MAPK, PI3K-Akt, JAK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 61:119-125. [PMID: 29857241 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
IL-34 plays diverse roles in disease due to its inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Elevated IL-34 expression has been observed in lung cancers and pulmonary infections although its role is unclear. We found that IL-34 addition to primary lung fibroblasts significantly promoted IL-6 and IL-8 expression in a dose and time dependent manner. These effects were reversed when JAK, NF-κB, Akt and p38 inhibitors were included before IL-34 addition. Protein phosphorylation in these pathways was also observed through western-blotting. Stimulation of human lung fibroblasts with IL-34 in combination with TNF-α, IL-17A and IL-4 enhanced inflammatory cytokine production. Our data confirmed the inflammatory effect of IL-34 on human lung fibroblasts and suggested that the IL-34/CSF-1R axis may be a novel therapeutic target in pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Ju Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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48
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Zins K, Heller G, Mayerhofer M, Schreiber M, Abraham D. Differential prognostic impact of interleukin-34 mRNA expression and infiltrating immune cell composition in intrinsic breast cancer subtypes. Oncotarget 2018; 9:23126-23148. [PMID: 29796177 PMCID: PMC5955405 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-34 (IL-34) is a ligand for the CSF-1R and has also two additional receptors, PTPRZ1 and syndecan-1. IL-34 plays a role in innate immunity, inflammation, and cancer. However, the role of IL-34 in breast cancer is still ill-defined. We analyzed IL-34 mRNA expression in breast cancer cell lines and breast cancer patients and applied established computational approaches (CIBERSORT, ESTIMATE, TIMER, TCIA), to analyze gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Expression of IL-34 was associated with a favorable prognosis in luminal and HER2 but not basal breast cancer patients. Gene expression of CSF-1 and CSF-1R was strongly associated with myeloid cell infiltration, while we found no or only weak correlations between IL-34, PTPRZ1, syndecan-1 and myeloid cells. In vitro experiments showed that tyrosine phosphorylation of CSF-1R, ERK, and FAK and cell migration are differentially regulated by IL-34 and CSF-1 in breast cancer cell lines. Collectively, our data suggest that correlation of IL-34 gene expression with survival is dependent on the molecular breast cancer subtype. Furthermore, IL-34 is not associated with myeloid cell infiltration and directly regulates breast cancer cell migration and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Zins
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerwin Heller
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Mayerhofer
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Schreiber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Abraham
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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IL-34 and CSF-1 display an equivalent macrophage differentiation ability but a different polarization potential. Sci Rep 2018; 8:256. [PMID: 29321503 PMCID: PMC5762882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
CSF-1 and IL-34 share the CSF-1 receptor and no differences have been reported in the signaling pathways triggered by both ligands in human monocytes. IL-34 promotes the differentiation and survival of monocytes, macrophages and osteoclasts, as CSF-1 does. However, IL-34 binds other receptors, suggesting that differences exist in the effect of both cytokines. In the present study, we compared the differentiation and polarization abilities of human primary monocytes in response to CSF-1 or IL-34. CSF-1R engagement by one or the other ligands leads to AKT and caspase activation and autophagy induction through expression and activation of AMPK and ULK1. As no differences were detected on monocyte differentiation, we investigated the effect of CSF-1 and IL-34 on macrophage polarization into the M1 or M2 phenotype. We highlighted a striking increase in IL-10 and CCL17 secretion in M1 and M2 macrophages derived from IL-34 stimulated monocytes, respectively, compared to CSF-1 stimulated monocytes. Variations in the secretome induced by CSF-1 or IL-34 may account for their different ability to polarize naïve T cells into Th1 cells. In conclusion, our findings indicate that CSF-1 and IL-34 exhibit the same ability to induce human monocyte differentiation but may have a different ability to polarize macrophages.
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Jeannin P, Paolini L, Adam C, Delneste Y. The roles of CSFs on the functional polarization of tumor-associated macrophages. FEBS J 2017; 285:680-699. [PMID: 29171156 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages have a central role in numerous physiological processes, such as immune defense, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, wound healing, and inflammation. Moreover, in numerous severe disorders, such as cancer or chronic inflammation, their functions can be profoundly affected. Macrophages continuously sense their environment and adapt their phenotypes and functions to the local requirements; this process is called plasticity. In addition to stress signals, metabolites, and direct cell-contact interactions with surrounding cells, numerous cytokines play a central role in controlling macrophage polarization. In this review, we will focus on three human macrophage differentiation factors: macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), IL-34, and granulocyte M-CSF. These CSFs allow human monocyte survival, promote their differentiation into macrophages, and control macrophage polarization as they give rise to cells with different phenotype and functions. Based on recent observations, the role of granulocyte CSF on macrophage polarization is also addressed. Finally, our current knowledge on the expression of these growth factors in tumor microenvironment and their impact on the generation and polarization of tumor-associated macrophages are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Jeannin
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, France.,Laboratory of Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital of Angers, France.,LabEx ImmunoGraftOnco, Angers, France
| | - Léa Paolini
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, France.,LabEx ImmunoGraftOnco, Angers, France
| | - Clement Adam
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, France.,LabEx ImmunoGraftOnco, Angers, France
| | - Yves Delneste
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, France.,Laboratory of Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital of Angers, France.,LabEx ImmunoGraftOnco, Angers, France
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