1
|
Greisen SR, Bendix M, Nielsen MA, Pedersen K, Jensen NH, Hvid M, Mikkelsen JH, Drace T, Boesen T, Steiniche T, Schmidt H, Deleuran B. Gal-3 blocks the binding between PD-1 and pembrolizumab. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e009952. [PMID: 39357979 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2024-009952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma (MM) and improved long-term survival. Despite the impressive results, some patients still have progressive disease, and the search for biomarkers predicting response to ICI treatment is ongoing. In this search, galectin-3 (Gal-3) has been suggested as a molecule of interest, both as a marker of treatment response and as a treatment target to potentiate ICI therapy. We have previously demonstrated the binding between programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and Gal-3, and here, we investigated the interaction between PD-1, pembrolizumab, and Gal-3 in metastatic MM patients. METHODS The binding between PD-1, pembrolizumab and Gal-3 was investigated by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The function was studied in in vitro cultures and soluble levels of both PD-1 and Gal-3 were measured in metastatic MM patients, treated with pembrolizumab. RESULTS By SPR, we demonstrated that Gal-3 can block the binding between PD-1 and pembrolizumab, and further visualized a steric inhibition using cryo-EM. T cells cultured with Gal-3 had reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production, which could not be rescued by pembrolizumab. In patients with metastatic MM, high levels of Gal-3 in plasma were found in patients with a longer progression-free survival in the study period, whereas high Gal-3 expression in the tumor was seen in patients with disease progression. Soluble PD-1 levels in plasma increased after treatment with pembrolizumab and correlated with disease progression. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that the interaction between PD-1 and Gal-3 interferes with the binding of pembrolizumab, supporting that an immune suppression induced by Gal-3 in the tumor microenvironment cannot be rescued by pembrolizumab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stinne Ravn Greisen
- Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mia Bendix
- Department of Medicine, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - Morten Aagaard Nielsen
- Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Nina Haunstrup Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Goedstrup Hospital, Herning, Denmark
| | - Malene Hvid
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Taner Drace
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Boesen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torben Steiniche
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Schmidt
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bent Deleuran
- Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kalabekova R, Quinn CM, Movellan KT, Gronenborn AM, Akke M, Polenova T. 19F Fast Magic-Angle Spinning NMR Spectroscopy on Microcrystalline Complexes of Fluorinated Ligands and the Carbohydrate Recognition Domain of Galectin-3. Biochemistry 2024; 63:2207-2216. [PMID: 39008798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.4c00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Structural characterization of protein-ligand binding interfaces at atomic resolution is essential for improving the design of specific and potent inhibitors. Herein, we explored fast 19F- and 1H-detected magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy to investigate the interaction between two fluorinated ligand diastereomers with the microcrystalline galectin-3 carbohydrate recognition domain. The detailed environment around the fluorine atoms was mapped by 2D 13C-19F and 1H-19F dipolar correlation experiments and permitted characterization of the binding interface. Our results demonstrate that 19F MAS NMR is a powerful tool for detailed characterization of protein-ligand interfaces and protein interactions at the atomic level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roza Kalabekova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Caitlin M Quinn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Kumar Tekwani Movellan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Angela M Gronenborn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Mikael Akke
- Division of Biophysical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Tatyana Polenova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vilela T, Valente S, Correia J, Ferreira F. Advances in immunotherapy for breast cancer and feline mammary carcinoma: From molecular basis to novel therapeutic targets. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189144. [PMID: 38914239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The role of inflammation in cancer is a topic that has been investigated for many years. As established, inflammation emerges as a defining characteristic of cancer, presenting itself as a compelling target for therapeutic interventions in the realm of oncology. Controlling the tumor microenvironment (TME) has gained paramount significance, modifying not only the effectiveness of immunotherapy but also modulating the outcomes and prognoses of standard chemotherapy and other anticancer treatments. Immunotherapy has surfaced as a central focus within the domain of tumor treatments, using immune checkpoint inhibitors as cancer therapy. Immune checkpoints and their influence on the tumor microenvironment dynamic are presently under investigation, aiming to ascertain their viability as therapeutic interventions across several cancer types. Cancer presents a significant challenge in humans and cats, where female breast cancer ranks as the most prevalent malignancy and feline mammary carcinoma stands as the third most frequent. This review seeks to summarize the data about the immune checkpoints cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) respective ongoing investigations as prospective targets for therapy for human breast cancer, while also outlining findings from studies reported on feline mammary carcinoma (FMC), strengthening the rationale for employing FMC as a representative model in the exploration of human breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Vilela
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia Valente
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge Correia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; CIISA-Center of Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ferreira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; CIISA-Center of Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Miura A, Manabe Y, Suzuki KGN, Shomura H, Okamura S, Shirakawa A, Yano K, Miyake S, Mayusumi K, Lin CC, Morimoto K, Ishitobi J, Nakase I, Arai K, Kobayashi S, Ishikawa U, Kanoh H, Miyoshi E, Yamaji T, Kabayama K, Fukase K. De Novo Glycan Display on Cell Surfaces Using HaloTag: Visualizing the Effect of the Galectin Lattice on the Lateral Diffusion and Extracellular Vesicle Loading of Glycosylated Membrane Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:22193-22207. [PMID: 38963258 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Glycans cover the cell surface to form the glycocalyx, which governs a myriad of biological phenomena. However, understanding and regulating glycan functions is extremely challenging due to the large number of heterogeneous glycans that engage in intricate interaction networks with diverse biomolecules. Glycocalyx-editing techniques offer potent tools to probe their functions. In this study, we devised a HaloTag-based technique for glycan manipulation, which enables the introduction of chemically synthesized glycans onto a specific protein (protein of interest, POI) and concurrently incorporates fluorescent units to attach homogeneous, well-defined glycans to the fluorescence-labeled POIs. Leveraging this HaloTag-based glycan-display system, we investigated the influence of the interactions between Gal-3 and various N-glycans on protein dynamics. Our analyses revealed that glycosylation modulates the lateral diffusion of the membrane proteins in a structure-dependent manner through interaction with Gal-3, particularly in the context of the Gal-3-induced formation of the glycan network (galectin lattice). Furthermore, N-glycan attachment was also revealed to have a significant impact on the extracellular vesicle-loading of membrane proteins. Notably, our POI-specific glycan introduction does not disrupt intact glycan structures, thereby enabling a functional analysis of glycans in the presence of native glycan networks. This approach complements conventional glycan-editing methods and provides a means for uncovering the molecular underpinnings of glycan functions on the cell surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayane Miura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Manabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kenichi G N Suzuki
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shomura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Soichiro Okamura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Asuka Shirakawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kumpei Yano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Shuto Miyake
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Koki Mayusumi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Chun-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Kenta Morimoto
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Jojiro Ishitobi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Ikuhiko Nakase
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kenta Arai
- Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 588-2 Iwaoka, Iwaoka-cho, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2492, Japan
| | - Shouhei Kobayashi
- Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 588-2 Iwaoka, Iwaoka-cho, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2492, Japan
| | - Ushio Ishikawa
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1, Komatsushima, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kanoh
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1, Komatsushima, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamaji
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kabayama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Radiation Sciences, Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, 2-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kulbay M, Marcotte E, Remtulla R, Lau THA, Paez-Escamilla M, Wu KY, Burnier MN. Uveal Melanoma: Comprehensive Review of Its Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Future Perspectives. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1758. [PMID: 39200222 PMCID: PMC11352094 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular malignancy in adults. Recent advances highlight the role of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEV) and circulating hybrid cells (CHC) in UM tumorigenesis. Bridged with liquid biopsies, a novel technology that has shown incredible performance in detecting cancer cells or products derived from tumors in bodily fluids, it can significantly impact disease management and outcome. The aim of this comprehensive literature review is to provide a summary of current knowledge and ongoing advances in posterior UM pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. The first section of the manuscript discusses the complex and intricate role of TEVs and CHCs. The second part of this review delves into the epidemiology, etiology and risk factors, clinical presentation, and prognosis of UM. Third, current diagnostic methods, ensued by novel diagnostic tools for the early detection of UM, such as liquid biopsies and artificial intelligence-based technologies, are of paramount importance in this review. The fundamental principles, limits, and challenges associated with these diagnostic tools, as well as their potential as a tracker for disease progression, are discussed. Finally, a summary of current treatment modalities is provided, followed by an overview of ongoing preclinical and clinical research studies to provide further insights on potential biomolecular pathway alterations and therapeutic targets for the management of UM. This review is thus an important resource for all healthcare professionals, clinicians, and researchers working in the field of ocular oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merve Kulbay
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3S5, Canada; (M.K.); (R.R.); (T.H.A.L.); (M.P.-E.)
| | - Emily Marcotte
- McGill University Ocular Pathology and Translational Research Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Raheem Remtulla
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3S5, Canada; (M.K.); (R.R.); (T.H.A.L.); (M.P.-E.)
| | - Tsz Hin Alexander Lau
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3S5, Canada; (M.K.); (R.R.); (T.H.A.L.); (M.P.-E.)
| | - Manuel Paez-Escamilla
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3S5, Canada; (M.K.); (R.R.); (T.H.A.L.); (M.P.-E.)
| | - Kevin Y. Wu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada;
| | - Miguel N. Burnier
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3S5, Canada; (M.K.); (R.R.); (T.H.A.L.); (M.P.-E.)
- McGill University Ocular Pathology and Translational Research Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gasson R, Roper JA, Slack RJ. A Quantitative Human Red Blood Cell Agglutination Assay for Characterisation of Galectin Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6756. [PMID: 38928462 PMCID: PMC11204262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins that are characterised by their carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) and include galectin-1 and galectin-3. These galectins have been implicated in numerous diseases due to their pleiotropic nature, including cancer and fibrosis, with therapeutic inhibitors being clinically developed to block the CRD. One of the early methods developed to characterise these galectins was the hemagglutination of red blood cells. Although it is insightful, this approach has been hampered by a lack of sensitivity and accurate quantification of the agglutination observed. In this study, we aimed to validate a more precise and quantitative method to enable the further investigation of differences between galectins in respect to agglutination induction in different blood groups, as well as the characterisation of small molecule inhibitors. Quantification of hemagglutination was shown to be optimal using U-bottom plates imaged and analysed with FIJI ImageJ rather than flat-bottom plates read for absorbance on an optical density plate reader. Galectin-3-induced red blood cell agglutination efficacy increased significantly from blood group O to A to B. However, for both the galectin-1 monomer and concatemer, a more comparable effect was observed between blood group B and O, but with more potent effects than in blood group A. Inhibition assays for both galectin-3 and galectin-1 induced-hemagglutination were able to demonstrate clear concentration responses and expected selectivity profiles for a set of small-molecule glycomimetics, confirming the historical profiles obtained in biochemical binding and functional cellular assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert J. Slack
- Galecto Biotech AB, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage SG1 2FX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ademhan Tural D, Emiralioglu N, Akin S, Alboga D, Ozsezen B, Nayir Buyuksahin H, Guzelkas I, Kasikci M, Sunman B, Gungor I, Yalcin E, Dogru D, Kiper N, Demirel AH, Ozcelik U. Galectin-3 levels in children with cystic fibrosis. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:2333-2342. [PMID: 38430280 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystemic disease in which airway obstruction, infection, and inflammation play a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of CF lung disease. The carbohydrate-binding protein Galectin-3 is increased in several inflammatory and fibrotic diseases and has recently been forwarded as a biomarker in these diseases. We aimed to define the role of serum Galectin-3 in children with CF by comparison with healthy subjects. This is a cross-sectional, case-control study. 143 CF and 30 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. Peripheral blood and sputum concentrations of Galectins-3, interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-8, and neutrophil elastase (NE) were determined with commercial ELISA kits. There was no significant difference between the groups in age and gender (p = 0.592, p = 0.613, respectively). Serum Galectin-3 and NE concentrations were higher in the patient group than in healthy controls (p = 0.002, p < 0.001, respectively). There were no significant differences between groups according to IL-17A and IL-8 concentrations. Serum Galectin-3 was correlated with age (r = 0.289, p < 0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.493, p < 0.001) in children with CF. Sputum Galectin-3 levels are negatively correlated with percent predictive forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (r = - 0.297, p = 0.029), FEV1 z-score, (r = - 0.316, p = 0.020), percent predictive forced vital capacity (FVC) (r = - 0.347, p = 0.010), and FVC z-score (r = - 0.373, p = 0.006). Conclusion: The study shows that serum Galectin-3 levels increased in clinically stable CF patients, and serum Galectin-3 response may depend on age, gender, and BMI. The sputum Galectin-3 was found to be negatively correlated with patients' lung functions. What is known: • Galectin-3 is a key regulator of chronic inflammation in the lung, liver, kidney, and tumor microenvironment. What is new: • Children with cystic fibrosis (CF) have higher serum Galectin-3 concentrations than healthy children. • Serum Galectin-3 expression influenced by age, BMI, and gender in children with CF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilber Ademhan Tural
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Nagehan Emiralioglu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Senay Akin
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Exercise, and Sport Physiology Division, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Didem Alboga
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Beste Ozsezen
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Halime Nayir Buyuksahin
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ismail Guzelkas
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merve Kasikci
- Department of Biostatistics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Birce Sunman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Irem Gungor
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Exercise, and Sport Physiology Division, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Yalcin
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Dogru
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nural Kiper
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Haydar Demirel
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Exercise, and Sport Physiology Division, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Sport Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ugur Ozcelik
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Peltan EL, Riley NM, Flynn RA, Roberts DS, Bertozzi CR. Galectin-3 does not interact with RNA directly. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwad076. [PMID: 37815932 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3, well characterized as a glycan binding protein, has been identified as a putative RNA binding protein, possibly through participation in pre-mRNA maturation through interactions with splicosomes. Given recent developments with cell surface RNA biology, the putative dual-function nature of galectin-3 evokes a possible non-classical connection between glycobiology and RNA biology. However, with limited functional evidence of a direct RNA interaction, many molecular-level observations rely on affinity reagents and lack appropriate genetic controls. Thus, evidence of a direct interaction remains elusive. We demonstrate that antibodies raised to endogenous human galectin-3 can isolate RNA-protein crosslinks, but this activity remains insensitive to LGALS3 knock-out. Proteomic characterization of anti-galectin-3 IPs revealed enrichment of galectin-3, but high abundance of hnRNPA2B1, an abundant, well-characterized RNA-binding protein with weak homology to the N-terminal domain of galectin-3, in the isolate. Genetic ablation of HNRNPA2B1, but not LGALS3, eliminates the ability of the anti-galectin-3 antibodies to isolate RNA-protein crosslinks, implying either an indirect interaction or cross-reactivity. To address this, we introduced an epitope tag to the endogenous C-terminal locus of LGALS3. Isolation of the tagged galectin-3 failed to reveal any RNA-protein crosslinks. This result suggests that the galectin-3 does not directly interact with RNA and may be misidentified as an RNA-binding protein, at least in HeLa where the putative RNA associations were first identified. We encourage further investigation of this phenomenon employ gene deletions and, when possible, endogenous epitope tags to achieve the specificity required to evaluate potential interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Egan L Peltan
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive CCSR 4145 Stanford, CA 94305, United States
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford ChEM-H Building 290 Jane Stanford Way Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Nicholas M Riley
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford ChEM-H Building 290 Jane Stanford Way Stanford, CA 94305, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Ryan A Flynn
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, 1 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02445, United States
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - David S Roberts
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford ChEM-H Building 290 Jane Stanford Way Stanford, CA 94305, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford ChEM-H Building 290 Jane Stanford Way Stanford, CA 94305, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive Stanford, CA 94305, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, 279 Campus Drive Room B202 Stanford, CA 94305-5323, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Alqurashi YE. Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) as a promising immune checkpoint in cancer immunotherapy: From biology to the clinic. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155124. [PMID: 38295462 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there have been notable advancements in the field of cancer immunotherapy, namely in the area of immune checkpoint inhibition. The Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) has garnered attention as a potentially valuable focus of study in this particular field. The present study examines the biological aspects of LAG-3, its clinical consequences, and the potential therapeutic opportunities associated with its modulation. LAG-3, similar to CD4, has a regulatory role in modulating the immune system. The upregulation of this protein inside the neoplastic milieu hampers the immune system's ability to mount an effective response, hence enabling the evasion of cancer cells from immune surveillance. The LAG-3 protein interacts with ligands, inhibiting cytotoxic immune cells such as CD8+ T cells and NK cells. The potential of LAG-3 inhibitors presents intriguing prospects. Integrating these medicines with established treatments like PD-1/PD-L1 or CTLA-4 inhibitors can broaden the range of available therapy choices and address resistance issues. The advent of personalized therapy is imminent, as evidenced by the utilization of predictive biomarkers such as LAG-3 expression to inform individualized therapeutic approaches. Additionally, inhibitors of LAG-3 exhibit promise in addressing immunological depletion and resistance by revitalizing T cells and producing durable immune responses. The realization of LAG-3's promise necessitates global collaboration and equal access. Multinational trials are expected to ascertain the efficacy of the intervention in various patient groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaser E Alqurashi
- Department of Biology, College of Science Al-zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li Q, Zhang C, Xu G, Shang X, Nan X, Li Y, Liu J, Hong Y, Wang Q, Peng G. Astragalus polysaccharide ameliorates CD8 + T cell dysfunction through STAT3/Gal-3/LAG3 pathway in inflammation-induced colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116172. [PMID: 38278025 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation can promote cancer development as observed in inflammation-induced colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the poor treatment outcomes emphasize the need for effective treatment. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), a vital component of the natural drug Astragalus, has anti-tumor effects by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and enhancing immune function. In this study, we found that APS effectively suppressed CRC development through activating CD8+ T cells and reversing its inhibitory state in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of AOM/DSS inflammation-induced CRC mice. Network pharmacology and clinical databases suggested that the STAT3/ Galectin-3(Gal-3)/LAG3 pathway might be APS's potential target for treating CRC and associated with CD8+ T cell dysfunction. In vivo experiments showed that APS significantly reduced phosphorylated STAT3 and Gal-3 levels in tumor cells, as well as LAG3 in CD8+ T cells. Co-culture experiments with MC38 and CD8+ T cells demonstrated that APS decreased the expression of co-inhibitory receptor LAG3 in CD8+ T cells by targeting STAT3/Gal-3 in MC38 cells. Mechanism investigations revealed that APS specifically improved CD8+ T cell function through modulation of the STAT3/Gal-3/LAG3 pathway to inhibit CRC development, providing insights for future clinical development of natural anti-tumor drugs and immunotherapies as a novel strategy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyi Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Chonghao Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Guichuan Xu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuekai Shang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmei Nan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yalan Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajing Liu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfei Hong
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guiying Peng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Torres‐Martínez S, Calabuig‐Fariñas S, Moreno‐Manuel A, Bertolini G, Herreros‐Pomares A, Escorihuela E, Duréndez‐Saéz E, Guijarro R, Blasco A, Roz L, Camps C, Jantus‐Lewintre E. Soluble galectin-3 as a microenvironment-relevant immunoregulator with prognostic and predictive value in lung adenocarcinoma. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:190-215. [PMID: 37567864 PMCID: PMC10766205 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of therapies in lung cancer, more studies of new biomarkers for patient selection are urgently needed. The present study aims to analyze the role of galectin-3 (GAL-3) in the lung tumor microenvironment (TME) using tumorspheres as a model and explore its potential role as a predictive and prognostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer patients. For in vitro studies, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC) primary cultures from early-stage patients and commercial cell lines were cultured, using tumorsphere-forming assays and adherent conditions for the control counterparts. We analyzed the pattern of secretion and expression of GAL-3 using reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR (RTqPCR), immunoblot, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and immunoassay analysis. Our results using three-dimensional (3D) models of lung tumor cells revealed that soluble GAL-3 (sGAL-3) is highly expressed and secreted. To more accurately mimic the TME, a co-culture of tumorspheres and fibroblasts was used, revealing that GAL-3 could be important as an immunomodulatory molecule expressed and secreted in the TME, modulating immunosuppression through regulatory T cells (TREGS ). In the translational phase, we confirmed that patients with high expression levels of GAL-3 had more TREGS , which suggests that tumors may be recruiting this population through GAL-3. Next, we evaluated levels of sGAL-3 before surgery in LUAD and LUSC patients, hypothesizing that sGAL-3 could be used as an independent prognostic biomarker for overall survival and relapse-free survival in early-stage LUAD patients. Additionally, levels of sGAL-3 at pretreatment and first response assessment from plasma to predict clinical outcomes in advanced LUAD and LUSC patients treated with first-line pembrolizumab were evaluated, further supporting that sGAL-3 has a high efficiency in predicting durable clinical response to pembrolizumab with an area under curve of 0.801 (P = 0.011). Moreover, high levels might predict decreased progression-free survival and OS to anti-PD-1 therapy, with sGAL-3 being a prognosis-independent biomarker for advanced LUAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Torres‐Martínez
- Molecular Oncology LaboratoryFundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de ValenciaSpain
- TRIAL Mixed UnitCentro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de ValenciaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red CáncerCIBERONCMadridSpain
| | - Silvia Calabuig‐Fariñas
- Molecular Oncology LaboratoryFundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de ValenciaSpain
- TRIAL Mixed UnitCentro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de ValenciaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red CáncerCIBERONCMadridSpain
- Department of PathologyUniversitat de ValènciaSpain
| | - Andrea Moreno‐Manuel
- Molecular Oncology LaboratoryFundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de ValenciaSpain
| | - Giulia Bertolini
- Tumor Genomics UnitFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei TumoriMilanItaly
| | - Alejandro Herreros‐Pomares
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red CáncerCIBERONCMadridSpain
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversitat Politècnica de ValènciaSpain
| | - Eva Escorihuela
- Molecular Oncology LaboratoryFundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de ValenciaSpain
- TRIAL Mixed UnitCentro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de ValenciaSpain
| | - Elena Duréndez‐Saéz
- Molecular Oncology LaboratoryFundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de ValenciaSpain
- TRIAL Mixed UnitCentro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de ValenciaSpain
| | - Ricardo Guijarro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red CáncerCIBERONCMadridSpain
- Department of SurgeryUniversitat de ValènciaSpain
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryHospital General Universitario de ValenciaSpain
| | - Ana Blasco
- TRIAL Mixed UnitCentro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de ValenciaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red CáncerCIBERONCMadridSpain
- Department of Medical OncologyHospital General Universitario de ValenciaSpain
| | - Luca Roz
- Tumor Genomics UnitFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei TumoriMilanItaly
| | - Carlos Camps
- Molecular Oncology LaboratoryFundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de ValenciaSpain
- TRIAL Mixed UnitCentro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de ValenciaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red CáncerCIBERONCMadridSpain
- Department of Medical OncologyHospital General Universitario de ValenciaSpain
- Department of MedicineUniversitat de ValènciaSpain
| | - Eloisa Jantus‐Lewintre
- Molecular Oncology LaboratoryFundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de ValenciaSpain
- TRIAL Mixed UnitCentro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de ValenciaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red CáncerCIBERONCMadridSpain
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversitat Politècnica de ValènciaSpain
- Joint Unit: NanomedicineCentro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Universitat Politècnica de ValenciaSpain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Woś J, Szymańska A, Lehman N, Chocholska S, Zarobkiewicz M, Pożarowski P, Bojarska-Junak A. Can Galectin-3 Be a Novel Biomarker in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia? Cells 2023; 13:30. [PMID: 38201234 PMCID: PMC10778116 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3's (Gal-3) effect on the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has not yet been extensively studied. The present study aims to analyze the potential role of Gal-3 as a prognostic biomarker in CLL patients. The Gal-3 expression was evaluated in CLL cells with RT-qPCR and flow cytometry. Due to the unclear clinical significance of soluble Gal-3 in CLL, our goal was also to assess the prognostic value of Gal-3 plasma level. Because cell survival is significantly affected by the interaction between Gal-3 and proteins such as Bcl-2, the results of Gal-3 expression analysis were also compared with the expression of Bcl-2. The results were analyzed for known prognostic factors, clinical data, and endpoints such as time to first treatment and overall survival time. Our research confirmed that Gal-3 is detected in and on CLL cells. However, using Gal-3 as a potential biomarker in CLL is challenging due to the significant heterogeneity in its expression in CLL cells. Moreover, our results revealed that Gal-3 mRNA expression in leukemic B cells is associated with the expression of proliferation markers (Ki-67 and PCNA) as well as anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and can play an important role in supporting CLL cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Woś
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.W.); (A.S.); (N.L.); (M.Z.); (P.P.)
| | - Agata Szymańska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.W.); (A.S.); (N.L.); (M.Z.); (P.P.)
| | - Natalia Lehman
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.W.); (A.S.); (N.L.); (M.Z.); (P.P.)
| | - Sylwia Chocholska
- Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Michał Zarobkiewicz
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.W.); (A.S.); (N.L.); (M.Z.); (P.P.)
| | - Piotr Pożarowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.W.); (A.S.); (N.L.); (M.Z.); (P.P.)
| | - Agnieszka Bojarska-Junak
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.W.); (A.S.); (N.L.); (M.Z.); (P.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Torres-Martínez S, Calabuig-Fariñas S, Gallach S, Mosqueda M, Munera-Maravilla E, Sirera R, Navarro L, Blasco A, Camps C, Jantus-Lewintre E. Circulating Immune Proteins: Improving the Diagnosis and Clinical Outcome in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17587. [PMID: 38139416 PMCID: PMC10743468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has been proven a viable treatment option for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment in patients. However, some patients still do not benefit. Finding new predictive biomarkers for immunocheckpoint inhibitor (ICI) response will improve treatment management in the clinical routine. In this regard, liquid biopsy is a useful and noninvasive alternative to surgical biopsies. In the present study, we evaluated the potential diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive value of seven different soluble mediators involved in immunoregulation. Fifty-two plasma samples from advanced NSCLC treated in first-line with pembrolizumab at baseline (PRE) and at first response assessment (FR) were analyzed. In terms of diagnostic value, our results revealed that sFGL1, sGAL-3, and sGAL-1 allowed for optimal diagnostic efficacy for cancer patients. Additionally, the combination of sFGL1 and sGAL-3 significantly improved diagnostic accuracy. Regarding the predictive value to assess patients' immune response, sCD276 levels at PRE were significantly higher in patients without tumor response (p = 0.035). Moreover, we observed that high levels of sMICB at PRE were associated with absence of clinical benefit (pembrolizumab treatment less than 6 months) (p = 0.049), and high levels of sMICB and sGAL-3 at FR are also related to a lack of clinical benefit (p = 0.027 and p = 0.03, respectively). Finally, in relation to prognosis significance, at PRE and FR, sMICB levels above the 75th percentile are related to poor progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.013 and p = 0.023, respectively) and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.001 and p = 0.011, respectively). An increase in sGAL3 levels at FR was associated with worse PFS (p = 0.037). Interestingly, high sGAL-3 at PRE was independently associated with PFS and OS with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.45 (95% CI 1.14-5.25; p = 0.021) and 4.915 (95% CI 1.89-12.73; p = 0.001). In conclusion, plasma levels of sFGL1, sGAL-3, and sGAL-1 could serve as diagnostic indicators and sMICB, sCD276, and sGAL3 were linked to outcomes, suggesting their potential in assessing NSCLC under pembrolizumab treatment. Our results highlight the value of employing soluble immune biomarkers in advanced lung cancer patients treated with pembrolizumab at first-line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Torres-Martínez
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain; (S.T.-M.); (S.G.); (M.M.); (E.M.-M.); (C.C.); (E.J.-L.)
- TRIAL Mixed Unit, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Calabuig-Fariñas
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain; (S.T.-M.); (S.G.); (M.M.); (E.M.-M.); (C.C.); (E.J.-L.)
- TRIAL Mixed Unit, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Gallach
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain; (S.T.-M.); (S.G.); (M.M.); (E.M.-M.); (C.C.); (E.J.-L.)
- TRIAL Mixed Unit, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marais Mosqueda
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain; (S.T.-M.); (S.G.); (M.M.); (E.M.-M.); (C.C.); (E.J.-L.)
- TRIAL Mixed Unit, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Ester Munera-Maravilla
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain; (S.T.-M.); (S.G.); (M.M.); (E.M.-M.); (C.C.); (E.J.-L.)
- TRIAL Mixed Unit, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Sirera
- Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Lara Navarro
- Department of Pathology, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Ana Blasco
- TRIAL Mixed Unit, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Camps
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain; (S.T.-M.); (S.G.); (M.M.); (E.M.-M.); (C.C.); (E.J.-L.)
- TRIAL Mixed Unit, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eloisa Jantus-Lewintre
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain; (S.T.-M.); (S.G.); (M.M.); (E.M.-M.); (C.C.); (E.J.-L.)
- TRIAL Mixed Unit, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
- Nanomedicine, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe—Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Minegishi M, Kuchimaru T, Nishikawa K, Isagawa T, Iwano S, Iida K, Hara H, Miura S, Sato M, Watanabe S, Shiomi A, Mabuchi Y, Hamana H, Kishi H, Sato T, Sawaki D, Sato S, Hanazono Y, Suzuki A, Kohro T, Kadonosono T, Shimogori T, Miyawaki A, Takeda N, Shintaku H, Kizaka-Kondoh S, Nishimura S. Secretory GFP reconstitution labeling of neighboring cells interrogates cell-cell interactions in metastatic niches. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8031. [PMID: 38052804 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43855-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells inevitably interact with neighboring host tissue-resident cells during the process of metastatic colonization, establishing a metastatic niche to fuel their survival, growth, and invasion. However, the underlying mechanisms in the metastatic niche are yet to be fully elucidated owing to the lack of methodologies for comprehensively studying the mechanisms of cell-cell interactions in the niche. Here, we improve a split green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based genetically encoded system to develop secretory glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored reconstitution-activated proteins to highlight intercellular connections (sGRAPHIC) for efficient fluorescent labeling of tissue-resident cells that neighbor on and putatively interact with cancer cells in deep tissues. The sGRAPHIC system enables the isolation of metastatic niche-associated tissue-resident cells for their characterization using a single-cell RNA sequencing platform. We use this sGRAPHIC-leveraged transcriptomic platform to uncover gene expression patterns in metastatic niche-associated hepatocytes in a murine model of liver metastasis. Among the marker genes of metastatic niche-associated hepatocytes, we identify Lgals3, encoding galectin-3, as a potential pro-metastatic factor that accelerates metastatic growth and invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Misa Minegishi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kuchimaru
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan.
- Graduate School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
- Data Science Center, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
| | | | - Takayuki Isagawa
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Data Science Center, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iwano
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
- Institute for Tenure Track Promotion, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kei Iida
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Hara
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shizuka Miura
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Marika Sato
- MediGear International Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Yo Mabuchi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hamana
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Sato
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Daigo Sawaki
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Clinical Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sato
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hanazono
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahide Kohro
- Data Science Center, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kadonosono
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Norihiko Takeda
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Shinae Kizaka-Kondoh
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nishimura
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tolstova T, Dotsenko E, Kozhin P, Novikova S, Zgoda V, Rusanov A, Luzgina N. The effect of TLR3 priming conditions on MSC immunosuppressive properties. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:344. [PMID: 38031182 PMCID: PMC10687850 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03579-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have regenerative and immunomodulatory properties, making them suitable for cell therapy. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in MSCs respond to viral load by secreting immunosuppressive or proinflammatory molecules. The expression of anti-inflammatory molecules in MSCs can be altered by the concentration and duration of exposure to the TLR3 ligand polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)). This study aimed to optimize the preconditioning of MSCs with poly(I:C) to increase immunosuppressive effects and to identify MSCs with activated TLR3 (prMSCs). METHODS Flow cytometry and histochemical staining were used to analyze MSCs for immunophenotype and differentiation potential. MSCs were exposed to poly(I:C) at 1 and 10 μg/mL for 1, 3, and 24 h, followed by determination of the expression of IDO1, WARS1, PD-L1, TSG-6, and PTGES2 and PGE2 secretion. MSCs and prMSCs were cocultured with intact (J-) and activated (J+) Jurkat T cells. The proportion of proliferating and apoptotic J+ and J- cells, IL-10 secretion, and IL-2 production after cocultivation with MSCs and prMSCs were measured. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analysis identified proteins linked to TLR3 activation in MSCs. RESULTS Poly(I:C) at 10 μg/mL during a 3-h incubation caused the highest expression of immunosuppression markers in MSCs. Activation of prMSCs caused a 18% decrease in proliferation and a one-third increase in apoptotic J+ cells compared to intact MSCs. Cocultures of prMSCs and Jurkat cells had increased IL-10 and decreased IL-2 in the conditioned medium. A proteomic study of MSCs and prMSCs identified 53 proteins with altered expression. Filtering the dataset with Gene Ontology and Reactome Pathway revealed that poly(I:C)-induced proteins activate the antiviral response. Protein‒protein interactions by String in prMSCs revealed that the antiviral response and IFN I signaling circuits were more active than in native MSCs. prMSCs expressed more cell adhesion proteins (ICAM-I and Galectin-3), PARP14, PSMB8, USP18, and GBP4, which may explain their anti-inflammatory effects on Jurkat cells. CONCLUSIONS TLR3 activation in MSCs is dependent on exposure time and poly(I:C) concentration. The maximum expression of immunosuppressive molecules was observed with 10 µg/mL poly(I:C) for 3-h preconditioning. This priming protocol for MSCs enhances the immunosuppressive effects of prMSCs on T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Tolstova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119121
| | | | - Peter Kozhin
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119121
| | - Svetlana Novikova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119121
| | - Victor Zgoda
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119121
| | - Alexander Rusanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119121.
| | - Nataliya Luzgina
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119121
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li K, Sun L, Wang Y, Cen Y, Zhao J, Liao Q, Wu W, Sun J, Zhou M. Single-cell characterization of macrophages in uveal melanoma uncovers transcriptionally heterogeneous subsets conferring poor prognosis and aggressive behavior. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2433-2444. [PMID: 37907747 PMCID: PMC10689813 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01115-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most frequent primary intraocular malignancy with high metastatic potential and poor prognosis. Macrophages represent one of the most abundant infiltrating immune cells with diverse functions in cancers. However, the cellular heterogeneity and functional diversity of macrophages in UM remain largely unexplored. In this study, we analyzed 63,264 single-cell transcriptomes from 11 UM patients and identified four transcriptionally distinct macrophage subsets (termed MΦ-C1 to MΦ-C4). Among them, we found that MΦ-C4 exhibited relatively low expression of both M1 and M2 signature genes, loss of inflammatory pathways and antigen presentation, instead demonstrating enhanced signaling for proliferation, mitochondrial functions and metabolism. We quantified the infiltration abundance of MΦ-C4 from single-cell and bulk transcriptomes across five cohorts and found that increased MΦ-C4 infiltration was relevant to aggressive behaviors and may serve as an independent prognostic indicator for poor outcomes. We propose a novel subtyping scheme based on macrophages by integrating the transcriptional signatures of MΦ-C4 and machine learning to stratify patients into MΦ-C4-enriched or MΦ-C4-depleted subtypes. These two subtypes showed significantly different clinical outcomes and were validated through bulk RNA sequencing and immunofluorescence assays in both public multicenter cohorts and our in-house cohort. Following further translational investigation, our findings highlight a potential therapeutic strategy of targeting macrophage subsets to control metastatic disease and consistently improve the outcome of patients with UM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lanfang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yixin Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qianling Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wencan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Jie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Meng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Herrera-Reinoza N, Tortelli Junior TC, Teixeira FDS, Chammas R, Salvadori MC. Role of galectin-3 in the elastic response of radial growth phase melanoma cancer cells. Microsc Res Tech 2023; 86:1353-1362. [PMID: 37070727 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is originated from the malignant transformation of the melanocytes and is characterized by a high rate of invasion, the more serious stage compromising deeper layers of the skin and eventually leading to the metastasis. A high mortality due to melanoma lesion persists because most of melanoma lesions are detected in advanced stages, which decreases the chances of survival. The identification of the principal mechanics implicated in the development and progression of melanoma is essential to devise new early diagnosis strategies. Cell mechanics is related with a lot of cellular functions and processes, for instance motility, differentiation, migration and invasion. In particular, the elastic modulus (Young's modulus) is a very explored parameter to describe the cell mechanical properties; most cancer cells reported in the literature smaller elasticity modulus. In this work, we show that the elastic modulus of melanoma cells lacking galectin-3 is significantly lower than those of melanoma cells expressing galectin-3. More interestingly, the gradient of elastic modulus in cells from the nuclear region towards the cell periphery is more pronounced in shGal3 cells. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: AFM imaging and force spectroscopy were used to investigate the morphology and elasticity properties of healthy HaCaT cells and melanoma cells WM1366, with (shSCR) and without (shGal3) expression of galectin-3. It is shown the effect of galectin-3 protein on the elastic properties of cells: the cells without expression of galectin-3 presents lower elastic modulus. By the results, we suggest here that galectin-3 could be used as an effective biomarker of malignancy in both melanoma diagnostic and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roger Chammas
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang ST, Liu CH, Chao WT, Liu HH, Lee WL, Wang PH. The role of sialylation in gynecologic cancers. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 62:651-654. [PMID: 37678990 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2023.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids (SA) are a kind of nine-carbon backbone sugars, serving as important molecules in cell-to-cell or cell-to-extra-cellular matrix interaction mediated by either O-linked glycosylation or N-linked glycosylation to attach the terminal end of glycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. All processes need a balance between sialylation by sialyltransferase (STs) and desialylation by sialidases (also known as neuraminidases, NEU). Although there is much in uncertainty whether the sialyation plays in cancer development and progression, at least four mechanisms are proposed, including surveillance of immune system, modification of cellular apoptosis and cell death, alteration of cellular surface of cancer cells and tumor associated microenvironment responsible carcinogenesis, growth and metastases. The current review focuses on the role of glycosylation in gynecologic organ-related cancers, such as ovarian cancer, cervical and endometrial cancer. Evidence shows that sialylation involving in the alternation of surface components of cells (tumor and cells in the microenvironment of host) plays an important role for carcinogenesis (escape from immunosurveillance) and dissemination (metastasis) (sloughing from the original site of cancer, migration into the circulation system, extravasation from the circulatory system to the distant site and finally deposition and establishment on the new growth lesion to complete the metastatic process). Additionally, modification of glycosylation can enhance or alleviate the aggressive characteristics of the cancer behaviors. All suggest that more understandings of glycosylation on cancers may provide a new therapeutic field to assist the cancer treatment in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Ting Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Female Cancer Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Female Cancer Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Chao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Female Cancer Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Hsien Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ling Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Female Cancer Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mabbitt J, Holyer ID, Roper JA, Nilsson UJ, Zetterberg FR, Vuong L, Mackinnon AC, Pedersen A, Slack RJ. Resistance to anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1: galectin-3 inhibition with GB1211 reverses galectin-3-induced blockade of pembrolizumab and atezolizumab binding to PD-1/PD-L1. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1250559. [PMID: 37701441 PMCID: PMC10493609 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1250559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a β-galactoside-binding lectin that is highly expressed within the tumor microenvironment of aggressive cancers and has been suggested to predict a poor response to immune checkpoint therapy with the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody pembrolizumab. We aimed to assess if the effect of Gal-3 was a result of direct interaction with the immune checkpoint receptor. Methods The ability of Gal-3 to interact with the PD-1/PD-L1 complex in the absence and presence of blocking antibodies was assessed in in vitro biochemical and cellular assays as well as in an in vivo syngeneic mouse cancer model. Results Gal-3 reduced the binding of the checkpoint inhibitors pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1) and atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1), by potentiating the interaction between the PD-1/PD-L1 complex. In the presence of a highly selective Gal-3 small molecule inhibitor (GB1211) the binding of the anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 therapeutics was restored to control levels. This was observed in both a surface plasmon resonance assay measuring protein-protein interactions and via flow cytometry. Combination therapy with GB1211 and an anti-PD-L1 blocking antibody reduced tumor growth in an in vivo syngeneic model and increased the percentage of tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes. Conclusion Our study suggests that Gal-3 can potentiate the PD-1/PD-L1 immune axis and potentially contribute to the immunosuppressive signalling mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment. In addition, Gal-3 prevents atezolizumab and pembrolizumab target engagement with their respective immune checkpoint receptors. Reversal of this effect with the clinical candidate GB1211 offers a potential enhancing combination therapeutic with anti-PD-1 and -PD-L1 blocking antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Mabbitt
- Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Galecto Biotech AB, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Ian D. Holyer
- Nine Edinburgh BioQuarter, Galecto Biotech AB, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - James A. Roper
- Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Galecto Biotech AB, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Lynda Vuong
- Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloane Kettering Cancer Centre, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Robert J. Slack
- Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Galecto Biotech AB, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Raiter A, Lipovetsky J, Stenbac A, Lubin I, Yerushalmi R. TNBC-derived Gal3BP/Gal3 complex induces immunosuppression through CD45 receptor. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2246322. [PMID: 37593677 PMCID: PMC10431740 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2246322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A preliminary study investigating immunotherapy strategies for aggressive triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) revealed an overexpression of genes involved in the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Proteins expressed by EVs play a role in reprogramming the tumor microenvironment and impeding effective responses to immunotherapy. Galectin 3 (Gal3), found in the extracellular space of breast cancer cells, downregulates T-cell receptor expression. Gal3 binds to several receptors, including CD45, which is required for T-cell receptor activation. Previously, we reported a novel tumor escape mechanism, whereby TNBC cells suppress immune cells through CD45 intracellular signals. The objective of this study was to determine the potential association of Gal3 with TNBC-secreted EVs induction of immunosuppression via the CD45 signaling pathway. EVs were isolated from MDA-MB-231 cells and the plasma of patients with TNBC. Mass spectrometry revealed the presence of Gal3 binding protein (Gal3BP) in the isolated small EVs, which interacted with TNBC secreted Gal3. Gal3BP and Gal3 form a complex that induces a significant increase in T-regulatory cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This increase correlates with a significant increase in suppressive interleukins 10 and 35. Blocking the CD45 receptor in PBMCs cultured with tumor-derived EVs impeded the immunosuppression exerted by the Gal3BP/Gal3 complex. This led to an increase in IFN-γ and the activation of CD4, CD8 and CD56 effector cells. This study suggests a tumor escape mechanism that may contribute to the development of a different immunotherapy strategy that complements current therapies used for TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annat Raiter
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Faculty of Medicine, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Julia Lipovetsky
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Asaf Stenbac
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Faculty of Medicine, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Ido Lubin
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Faculty of Medicine, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Rinat Yerushalmi
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Faculty of Medicine, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jimenez-Tellez N, Pehar M, Visser F, Casas-Ortiz A, Rice T, Syed NI. Sevoflurane Exposure in Neonates Perturbs the Expression Patterns of Specific Genes That May Underly the Observed Learning and Memory Deficits. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108696. [PMID: 37240038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to commonly used anesthetics leads to neurotoxic effects in animal models-ranging from cell death to learning and memory deficits. These neurotoxic effects invoke a variety of molecular pathways, exerting either immediate or long-term effects at the cellular and behavioural levels. However, little is known about the gene expression changes following early neonatal exposure to these anesthetic agents. We report here on the effects of sevoflurane, a commonly used inhalational anesthetic, on learning and memory and identify a key set of genes that may likely be involved in the observed behavioural deficits. Specifically, we demonstrate that sevoflurane exposure in postnatal day 7 (P7) rat pups results in subtle, but distinct, memory deficits in the adult animals that have not been reported previously. Interestingly, when given intraperitoneally, pre-treatment with dexmedetomidine (DEX) could only prevent sevoflurane-induced anxiety in open field testing. To identify genes that may have been altered in the neonatal rats after sevoflurane and DEX exposure, specifically those impacting cellular viability, learning, and memory, we conducted an extensive Nanostring study examining over 770 genes. We found differential changes in the gene expression levels after exposure to both agents. A number of the perturbed genes found in this study have previously been implicated in synaptic transmission, plasticity, neurogenesis, apoptosis, myelination, and learning and memory. Our data thus demonstrate that subtle, albeit long-term, changes observed in an adult animal's learning and memory after neonatal anesthetic exposure may likely involve perturbation of specific gene expression patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Jimenez-Tellez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Marcus Pehar
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Frank Visser
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Alberto Casas-Ortiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Tiffany Rice
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Naweed I Syed
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Radziejewska I. Galectin-3 and Epithelial MUC1 Mucin-Interactions Supporting Cancer Development. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2680. [PMID: 37345016 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation of cell surface proteins is a very common feature of many cancers. One of the glycoproteins, which undergoes specific alterations in the glycosylation of tumor cells is epithelial MUC1 mucin, which is highly overexpressed in the malignant state. Such changes lead to the appearance of tumor associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) on MUC1, which are rarely seen in healthy cells. One of these structures is the Thomsen-Friedenreich disaccharide Galβ1-3GalNAc (T or TF antigen), which is typical for about 90% of cancers. It was revealed that increased expression of the T antigen has a big impact on promoting cancer progression and metastasis, among others, due to the interaction of this antigen with the β-galactose binding protein galectin-3 (Gal-3). In this review, we summarize current information about the interactions between the T antigen on MUC1 mucin and Gal-3, and their impact on cancer progression and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Radziejewska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang L, Liu Y, Dai Y, Tang X, Yin T, Wang C, Wang T, Dong L, Shi M, Qin J, Xue M, Cao Y, Liu J, Liu P, Huang J, Wen C, Zhang J, Xu Z, Bai F, Deng X, Peng C, Chen H, Jiang L, Chen S, Shen B. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis reveals BHLHE40-driven pro-tumour neutrophils with hyperactivated glycolysis in pancreatic tumour microenvironment. Gut 2023; 72:958-971. [PMID: 35688610 PMCID: PMC10086491 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Innate immunity plays important roles in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), as non-T-cell-enriched tumour. Neutrophils are major players in innate immune system. Here, we aimed to explore the heterogeneity and pro-tumour mechanisms of neutrophils in PDAC. DESIGN We analysed single-cell transcriptomes of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) and tumour-infiltrating immune cells from five patients with PDAC, and performed immunofluorescence/immunohistochemistry staining, multi-omics analysis and in vitro experiments to validate the discoveries of bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS Exploration of the heterogeneity of tumour-associated neutrophils (TANs) revealed a terminally differentiated pro-tumour subpopulation (TAN-1) associated with poor prognosis, an inflammatory subpopulation (TAN-2), a population of transitional stage that have just migrated to tumour microenvironment (TAN-3) and a subpopulation preferentially expressing interferon-stimulated genes (TAN-4). Glycolysis signature was upregulated along neutrophil transition trajectory, and TAN-1 was featured with hyperactivated glycolytic activity. The glycolytic switch of TANs was validated by integrative multi-omics approach of transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics analysis. Activation of glycolytic activity by LDHA overexpression induced immunosuppression and pro-tumour functions in neutrophil-like differentiated HL-60 (dHL-60) cells. Mechanistic studies revealed BHLHE40, downstream to hypoxia and endoplasmic reticulum stress, was a key regulator in polarisation of neutrophils towards TAN-1 phenotype, and direct transcriptional regulation of BHLHE40 on TAN-1 marker genes was demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Pro-tumour and immunosuppression functions were observed in dHL-60 cells overexpressing BHLHE40. Importantly, immunohistochemistry analysis of PDAC tissues revealed the unfavourable prognostic value of BHLHE40+ neutrophils. CONCLUSION The dynamic properties of TANs revealed by this study will be helpful in advancing PDAC therapy targeting innate immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Dai
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Yin
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaofu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Minmin Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiejie Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Meilin Xue
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhi Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyan Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Center for Biomedical Big Data, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenlei Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Bai
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaxing Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghong Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingxi Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Saijuan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Baiyong Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Turi M, Anilkumar Sithara A, Hofmanová L, Žihala D, Radhakrishnan D, Vdovin A, Knápková S, Ševčíková T, Chyra Z, Jelínek T, Šimíček M, Gullà A, Anderson KC, Hájek R, Hrdinka M. Transcriptome Analysis of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Cells Inducibly Expressing MyD88 L265P Mutation Identifies Upregulated CD44, LGALS3, NFKBIZ, and BATF as Downstream Targets of Oncogenic NF-κB Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065623. [PMID: 36982699 PMCID: PMC10057398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
During innate immune responses, myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) functions as a critical signaling adaptor protein integrating stimuli from toll-like receptors (TLR) and the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) family and translates them into specific cellular outcomes. In B cells, somatic mutations in MyD88 trigger oncogenic NF-κB signaling independent of receptor stimulation, which leads to the development of B-cell malignancies. However, the exact molecular mechanisms and downstream signaling targets remain unresolved. We established an inducible system to introduce MyD88 to lymphoma cell lines and performed transcriptomic analysis (RNA-seq) to identify genes differentially expressed by MyD88 bearing the L265P oncogenic mutation. We show that MyD88L265P activates NF-κB signaling and upregulates genes that might contribute to lymphomagenesis, including CD44, LGALS3 (coding Galectin-3), NFKBIZ (coding IkBƺ), and BATF. Moreover, we demonstrate that CD44 can serve as a marker of the activated B-cell (ABC) subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and that CD44 expression is correlated with overall survival in DLBCL patients. Our results shed new light on the downstream outcomes of MyD88L265P oncogenic signaling that might be involved in cellular transformation and provide novel therapeutical targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Turi
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Anjana Anilkumar Sithara
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Hofmanová
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - David Žihala
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Dhwani Radhakrishnan
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Vdovin
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Sofija Knápková
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Ševčíková
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Chyra
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Jelínek
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Šimíček
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Annamaria Gullà
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kenneth Carl Anderson
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Roman Hájek
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Matouš Hrdinka
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Skubleny D, Lin A, Garg S, McLean R, McCall M, Ghosh S, Spratlin JL, Schiller D, Rayat G. Increased CD4/CD8 Lymphocyte ratio predicts favourable neoadjuvant treatment response in gastric cancer: A prospective pilot study. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:303-317. [PMID: 36908322 PMCID: PMC9994053 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i2.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite optimal neoadjuvant chemotherapy only 40% of gastric cancer tumours achieve complete or partial treatment response. In the absence of treatment response, neoadjuvant chemotherapy in gastric cancer contributes to adverse events without additional survival benefit compared to adjuvant treatment or surgery alone. Additional strategies and methods are required to optimize the allocation of existing treatment regimens such as FLOT chemotherapy (5-Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, Oxaliplatin and Docetaxel). Predictive biomarkers detected using immunohistochemistry (IHC) methods may provide useful data regarding treatment response.
AIM To investigate the utility of CD4, CD8, Galectin-3 and E-cadherin in predicting neoadjuvant FLOT chemotherapy tumour response in gastric adenocarcinoma.
METHODS Forty-three adult patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, of which 18 underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, were included in a prospective clinical cohort. Endoscopic biopsies were obtained from gastric cancer and normal adjacent gastric mucosa. Differences in expression of Galectin-3, E-cadherin, CD4+ and CD8+ molecules between tumours with and without treatment response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy were assessed with IHC. Treatment response was graded by clinical pathologists using the Tumour Regression Score according to the College of American Pathologists criteria. Treatment response was defined as complete or near complete tumour response, whereas partial or poor/no response was defined as incomplete. Digital IHC images were annotated and quantitatively assessed using QuPath 0.3.1. Biomarker expression between responsive and incomplete response tumours was assessed using a two-sided Wilcoxon test. Biomarker expression was also compared between normal and cancer tissue and between 15 paired tumour samples before and after chemotherapy. We performed a preliminary multivariate analysis and power analysis to guide future study. Statistical analyses were completed using R 4.1.2.
RESULTS The ratio between CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes was significantly greater in treatment responsive tumours (Wilcoxon, P = 0.03). In univariate models, CD4+/CD8+ ratio was the only biomarker that significantly predicted favourable treatment response (Accuracy 86%, P < 0.001). Using a glmnet multivariate model, high CD4+/CD8+ ratio and low Galectin-3 expression were the most influential variables in predicting a favourable treatment response. Analyses of paired samples found that FLOT chemotherapy also results in increased expression of CD4+ and CD8+ tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (Paired Wilcoxon, P = 0.002 and P = 0.008, respectively). Our power analysis suggests future study requires at least 35 patients in each treatment response group for CD8 and Galectin-3 molecules, whereas 80 patients in each treatment response group are required to assess CD4 and E-cadherin biomarkers.
CONCLUSION We demonstrate that an elevated CD4+/CD8+ Ratio is a promising IHC-based biomarker to predict favourable treatment response to FLOT neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Skubleny
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2R3, AB, Canada
| | - Andrea Lin
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Alberta, Canada
| | - Saurabh Garg
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ross McLean
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael McCall
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sunita Ghosh
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Spratlin
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton T5G 1Z2, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel Schiller
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gina Rayat
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Al-Maghrabi JA, Khabaz MN. Clinical significance of galectin-3 expression in urinary bladder carcinoma. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231153323. [PMID: 36748414 PMCID: PMC9909066 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231153323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To uncover the clinical significance of galectin-3 in the evolution of urinary bladder cancer by defining galectin-3 expression and examining the relationship between its expression in a group of urothelial carcinomas versus normal tissues along with clinicopathological factors. METHODS This retrospective study included histopathological reports and archival blocks and slides of all patients with urinary bladder cancer treated at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia). An anti-galectin-3 monoclonal antibody was used for immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarray slides comprising 128 cases of urothelium carcinoma and 24 specimens of normal bladder mucosa. RESULTS Galectin-3 was downregulated during transformation, with positive expression found in 50 (39%) urinary bladder neoplasms, of which 33 (66%) showed weak immunostaining. All positively-stained malignant tumor and normal bladder mucosa samples showed cytoplasmic staining; a few samples also showed nuclear staining. No correlation was noted between galectin-3 and histotype, grade, stage, muscularis propria invasion, lymph node invasion, vascular invasion, or metastasis. A Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan-Meier survival curves did not show differences in survival on the basis of galectin-3 expression. CONCLUSION Galectin-3 is down-regulated in bladder cancer but is not a helpful marker for the diagnosis or prognosis of urinary bladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaudah Ahmed Al-Maghrabi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad Nidal Khabaz
- Department of Pathology, Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Mohamad Nidal Khabaz, Department of Pathology, Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pedersen K, Nielsen MA, Juul-Madsen K, Hvid M, Deleuran B, Greisen SR. Galectin-3 interacts with PD-1 and counteracts the PD-1 pathway-driven regulation of T cell and osteoclast activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Scand J Immunol 2023; 97:e13245. [PMID: 36537046 PMCID: PMC10078345 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation and bone erosions. The glycosylated programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor plays an important role in regulating immune responses and maintaining tolerance. In this study, we focus on two features observed in RA: impaired PD-1 signalling and Galectin-3 (Gal-3) upregulation. We hypothesize that Gal-3 binds PD-1 and PD-1 ligands, potentially contributing to impaired PD-1 signalling. PD-1 and Gal-3 levels in RA synovial fluid (SF) and plasma were evaluated by ELISA. PD-1 and Gal-3 interaction was examined by Surface Plasmon Resonance and ELISA. PD-1, PD-L1 and Gal-3 expression on mononuclear cells from SF and peripheral blood as well as fibroblast-like synoviocytes were examined by flow cytometry. Effects of Gal-3 and PD-L1 on osteoclast formation was evaluated by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase assay. We show that Gal-3 binds PD-1 and PD-L1. Results demonstrated high expression of PD-1 and Gal-3 on mononuclear cells, especially from SF. Gal-3 inhibited PD-1 signalling when PD-L1 was present. Furthermore, a role of Gal-3 in osteoclast formation was observed in vitro, both directly but also through PD-1:PD-L1 inhibition. Effects of Gal-3 on the PD-1 signalling axis are proposed to be inhibitory, meaning high Gal-3 levels in the complex synovial microenvironment are not desirable in RA. Preventing Gal-3's inhibitory role on PD-1 signalling could, therefore, be a therapeutic target in RA by affecting inflammatory T cell responses and osteoclasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Morten Aagaard Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kristian Juul-Madsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Malene Hvid
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bent Deleuran
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stinne Ravn Greisen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kargar-Sichani Y, Mohammadi MH, Amiri V, Barzegar M, Keshavarz A, Bashash D, Farsani MA. Effect of Acute Myeloid Leukemia-derived Extracellular Vesicles on Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Expression of Poor Prognosis Genes. Arch Med Res 2023; 54:95-104. [PMID: 36717322 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous clonal disorder resulting from a complex interplay between leukemic cells and supporting factors from their microenvironment. In this context, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to play an essential role in forming a tumor-protective microenvironment. In this study, we examined the influence of AML-derived EVs on cellular and molecular characterization of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs), particularly alteration in the expression of genes (IL-6, Gas-6, and Galectin-3) relating to relapse and chemoresistance. METHODS MSCs were co-cultured with different concentrations of AML-EVs. Our data has been achieved by MTT assay, ROS assay, proliferation assay and apoptosis assay. RT-qPCR was also performed for gene expression analysis. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that AML-EVs impact the MSCs characterization in a concentration-dependent manner. We revealed higher viability, increased Ki-67 and BCL-2, and lower ROS levels in MSCs treated with a 40 µg/mL dose of EVs. On the other hand, the rate of MSCs apoptosis and BAX expression exposed to a 60 µg/mL dose of EVs were increased compared with the control group. In addition, RT-qPCR results showed that the expression of IL-6, Gas-6, and Galectin-3 was significantly up-regulated in treated MSCs with a 40 µg/mL dose of EVs. CONCLUSION Because the overexpression of IL-6, Gas-6, and Galectin-3 has contributed to chemoresistance and relapse, our findings suggest that AML-EVs propel MSCs to express these genes, which in turn could guard leukemic cells from chemotherapy-inflicted damages and eventually lead to relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Kargar-Sichani
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Amiri
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohyedin Barzegar
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Ali Keshavarz
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Allahbakhshian Farsani
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Heng Z, Zhao C, Gao Y. Comparison of urine proteomes from tumor-bearing mice with those from tumor-resected mice. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14737. [PMID: 36718454 PMCID: PMC9884041 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to address on the most important concern of surgeons-whether to completely resect tumor. Urine can indicate early changes associated with physiological or pathophysiological processes. Based on these ideas, we conducted experiments to explore changes in the urine proteome between tumor-bearing mice and tumor-resected mice. Method The tumor-bearing mouse model was established with MC38 mouse colon cancer cells, and the mice were divided into the control group, tumor-resected group, and tumor-bearing group. Urine was collected 7 and 30 days after tumor resection. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to identify the urine proteome, which was analyzed for differentially expressed proteins and functional annotation. Results (1) Seven days after tumor resection, 20 differentially expressed proteins distinguished the tumor-resected group and the tumor-bearing group. The identified biological processes included circadian rhythm, Notch signaling pathway, leukocyte cell-cell adhesion, and heterophilic cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion molecules. (2) Thirty days after tumor resection, 33 differentially expressed proteins distinguished the tumor-resected group and the tumor-bearing group. The identified biological processes included cell adhesion; complement activation, the alternative pathway; the immune system process; and angiogenesis. (3) The difference in the urine proteome between the tumor-resected group and the healthy control group was smaller 30 days after tumor resection. Conclusion Changes in the urinary proteome can reflect the complete resection of MC38 tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Heng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Youhe Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
The galectin family consists of carbohydrate (glycan) binding proteins that are expressed by a wide variety of cells and bind to galactose-containing glycans. Galectins can be located in the nucleus or the cytoplasm, or can be secreted into the extracellular space. They can modulate innate and adaptive immune cells by binding to glycans on the surface of immune cells or intracellularly via carbohydrate-dependent or carbohydrate-independent interactions. Galectins expressed by immune cells can also participate in host responses to infection by directly binding to microorganisms or by modulating antimicrobial functions such as autophagy. Here we explore the diverse ways in which galectins have been shown to impact immunity and discuss the opportunities and challenges in the field.
Collapse
|
31
|
Meggyes M, Feik T, Nagy DU, Polgar B, Szereday L. CD8 and CD4 Positive NKT Subpopulations and Immune-Checkpoint Pathways in Early-Onset Preeclampsia and Healthy Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021390. [PMID: 36674905 PMCID: PMC9863229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many studies have investigated the clinical aspect of early-onset preeclampsia, our knowledge about the immunological consequences of improper placenta development is scarce. The maternal immunotolerance against the fetus is greatly influenced by the Th1 predominance developed by the mother's immune system. Thirty-two early-onset preeclamptic and fifty-one healthy pregnant women with appropriately matched gestational age were involved in our study. Mononuclear cells were separated from peripheral venous blood and the frequency of CD8⁺, CD4⁺, double positive (DP), and double negative (DN) NKT cell subpopulations was determined using multicolor flow cytometry. Following the characterization, the expression levels of different immune checkpoint receptors and ligands were also defined. Soluble CD226 levels were quantified by ELISA. Novel and significant differences were revealed among the ratios of the investigated NKT subsets and in the expression patterns of PD-1, LAG-3, TIGIT and CD226 receptors. Further differences were determined in the expression of CD112, PD-1, LAG-3 and CD226 MFI values between the early-onset preeclamptic and the healthy pregnant groups. Our results suggest that the investigated NKT subpopulations act differently in the altered immune condition characteristic of early-onset preeclampsia and indicate that the different subsets may contribute to the compensation or maintenance of Th1 predominance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matyas Meggyes
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pecs, 12 Szigeti Street, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, 20 Ifjusag Street, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Correspondence:
| | - Timoteus Feik
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pecs, 12 Szigeti Street, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - David U. Nagy
- Institute of Geobotany/Plant Ecology, Martin-Luther-University, Große Steinstraße 79/80, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Beata Polgar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pecs, 12 Szigeti Street, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, 20 Ifjusag Street, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Szereday
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pecs, 12 Szigeti Street, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, 20 Ifjusag Street, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Souza DS, Macheroni C, Pereira GJS, Vicente CM, Porto CS. Molecular regulation of prostate cancer by Galectin-3 and estrogen receptor. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1124111. [PMID: 36936148 PMCID: PMC10020622 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1124111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains the most prevalent cancer among men worldwide. This cancer is hormone-dependent; therefore, androgen, estrogen, and their receptors play an important role in development and progression of this disease, and in emergence of the castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Galectins are a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins which are frequently altered (upregulated or downregulated) in a wide range of tumors, participating in different stages of tumor development and progression, but the molecular mechanisms which regulate its expression are still poorly understood. This review provides an overview of the current and emerging knowledge on Galectin-3 in cancer biology with focus on prostate cancer and the interplay with estrogen receptor (ER) signaling pathways, present in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. We suggest a molecular mechanism where ER, Galectin-3 and β-catenin can modulate nuclear transcriptional events, such as, proliferation, migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. Despite a number of achievements in targeted therapy for prostate cancer, CRPC may eventually develop, therefore new effective drug targets need urgently to be found. Further understanding of the role of Galectin-3 and ER in prostate cancer will enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of prostate cancer development and the future treatment of this disease.
Collapse
|
33
|
Sarangi N, Shafaq-Zadah M, Berselli GB, Robinson J, Dransart E, Di Cicco A, Lévy D, Johannes L, Keyes TE. Galectin-3 Binding to α 5β 1 Integrin in Pore Suspended Biomembranes. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:10000-10017. [PMID: 36413808 PMCID: PMC9743206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c05717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal3) is a β-galactoside binding lectin that mediates many physiological functions, including the binding of cells to the extracellular matrix for which the glycoprotein α5β1 integrin is of critical importance. The mechanisms by which Gal3 interacts with membranes have not been widely explored to date due to the complexity of cell membranes and the difficulty of integrin reconstitution within model membranes. Herein, to study their interaction, Gal3 and α5β1 were purified, and the latter reconstituted into pore-suspended lipid bilayers comprised eggPC:eggPA. Using electrochemical impedance and fluorescence lifetime correlation spectroscopy, we found that on incubation with low nanomolar concentrations of wild-type Gal3, the membrane's admittance and fluidity, as well as integrin's lateral diffusivity, were enhanced. These effects were diminished in the following conditions: (i) absence of integrin, (ii) presence of lactose as a competitive inhibitor of glycan-Gal3 interaction, and (iii) use of a Gal3 mutant that lacked the N-terminal oligomerization domain (Gal3ΔNter). These findings indicated that WTGal3 oligomerized on α5β1 integrin in a glycan-dependent manner and that the N-terminal domain interacted directly with membranes in a way that is yet to be fully understood. At concentrations above 10 nM of WTGal3, membrane capacitance started to decrease and very slowly diffusing molecular species appeared, which indicated the formation of protein clusters made from WTGal3-α5β1 integrin assemblies. Overall, our study demonstrates the capacity of WTGal3 to oligomerize in a cargo protein-dependent manner at low nanomolar concentrations. Of note, these WTGal3 oligomers appeared to have membrane active properties that could only be revealed using our sensitive methods. At slightly higher WTGal3 concentrations, the capacity to generate lateral assemblies between cargo proteins was observed. In cells, this could lead to the construction of tubular endocytic pits according to the glycolipid-lectin (GL-Lect) hypothesis or to the formation of galectin lattices, depending on cargo glycoprotein stability at the membrane, the local Gal3 concentration, or plasma membrane intrinsic parameters. The study also demonstrates the utility of microcavity array-suspended lipid bilayers to address the biophysics of transmembrane proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirod
Kumar Sarangi
- School
of Chemical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, DCU Glasnevin Campus, D09 V209Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Massiullah Shafaq-Zadah
- Institut
Curie, PSL Research University, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, Cellular
and Chemical Biology Unit, 75248Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Guilherme B. Berselli
- School
of Chemical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, DCU Glasnevin Campus, D09 V209Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Jack Robinson
- School
of Chemical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, DCU Glasnevin Campus, D09 V209Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Estelle Dransart
- Institut
Curie, PSL Research University, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, Cellular
and Chemical Biology Unit, 75248Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Aurélie Di Cicco
- Institut
Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 168 CNRS, 75248Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Daniel Lévy
- Institut
Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 168 CNRS, 75248Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Institut
Curie, PSL Research University, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, Cellular
and Chemical Biology Unit, 75248Paris Cedex 05, France,
| | - Tia E. Keyes
- School
of Chemical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, DCU Glasnevin Campus, D09 V209Dublin 9, Ireland,
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chen F, Wu X, Yang J, Yu X, Liu B, Yan Z. Hippocampal Galectin-3 knockdown alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive deficits by inhibiting TLR4/NF-кB signaling in aged mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 936:175360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
35
|
Niang DGM, Gaba FM, Diouf A, Hendricks J, Diallo RN, Niang MDS, Mbengue B, Dieye A. Galectin-3 as a biomarker in breast neoplasms: Mechanisms and applications in patient care. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:1041-1052. [PMID: 36125083 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5mr0822-673r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a member of the lectin family encoded by the LGALS3 gene on chromosome 14. It is secreted by a wide range of immune cells and mammary tumor cells. Through its activity on the tumor microenvironment, in particular on tumor-infiltrating leukocytes, galectin-3 improves the proliferation, survival, and colonizing ability of mammary neoplastic cells. Consequently, galectin-3 expression in the tumor microenvironment could worsen therapeutic outcomes of breast neoplasms and become a biomarker and a therapeutic target in combined immunotherapy in breast neoplasms. There is a limited amount of information that is available on galectin-3 in breast cancer in Africa. In this review, we analyze how galectin-3 influences the tumor microenvironment and its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target in breast neoplasms. We aim to emphasize the significance of investigating galectin-3 in breast neoplasms in Africa based on the results of studies conducted elsewhere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doudou Georges Massar Niang
- Division of Immunology, School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Folly Mawulolo Gaba
- Division of Immunology, School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Adame Diouf
- Division of Immunology, School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Jacobus Hendricks
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, Limpopo province, South Africa
| | - Rokhaya Ndiaye Diallo
- Division of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Maguette Deme Sylla Niang
- Division of Immunology, School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Babacar Mbengue
- Division of Immunology, School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Alioune Dieye
- Division of Immunology, School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zetterberg FR, MacKinnon A, Brimert T, Gravelle L, Johnsson RE, Kahl-Knutson B, Leffler H, Nilsson UJ, Pedersen A, Peterson K, Roper JA, Schambye H, Slack RJ, Tantawi S. Discovery and Optimization of the First Highly Effective and Orally Available Galectin-3 Inhibitors for Treatment of Fibrotic Disease. J Med Chem 2022; 65:12626-12638. [PMID: 36154172 PMCID: PMC9574852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a carbohydrate-binding protein central to regulating mechanisms of diseases such as fibrosis, cancer, metabolic, inflammatory, and heart disease. We recently found a high affinity (nM) thiodigalactoside GB0139 which currently is in clinical development (PhIIb) as an inhaled treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. To enable treatment of systemically galectin-3 driven disease, we here present the first series of selective galectin-3 inhibitors combining high affinity (nM) with oral bioavailability. This was achieved by optimizing galectin-3 specificity and physical chemical parameters for a series of disubstituted monogalactosides. Further characterization showed that this class of compounds reduced profibrotic gene expression in liver myofibroblasts and displayed antifibrotic activity in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis and bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis mouse models. On the basis of the overall pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and safety profile, GB1211 was selected as the clinical candidate and is currently in phase IIa clinical trials as a potential therapy for liver cirrhosis and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik R. Zetterberg
- Galecto
Biotech AB, Sahlgrenska
Science Park, Medicinaregatan 8 A, SE-413
46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alison MacKinnon
- Galecto
Biotech ApS, Nine Edinburgh
Bioquarter, 9 Little France Road, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, U.K.
| | - Thomas Brimert
- Red
Glead Discovery AB, Medicon
Village, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden
- Biochemistry
and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Department
of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lise Gravelle
- Galecto
Biotech ApS, Cobis Science
Park, Ole Maaloes Vej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Barbro Kahl-Knutson
- Biochemistry
and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Department
of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf J. Nilsson
- Galecto
Biotech AB, Sahlgrenska
Science Park, Medicinaregatan 8 A, SE-413
46 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Pedersen
- Galecto
Biotech ApS, Cobis Science
Park, Ole Maaloes Vej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Peterson
- Galecto
Biotech AB, Sahlgrenska
Science Park, Medicinaregatan 8 A, SE-413
46 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - James A. Roper
- Galecto
Biotech ApS, Stevenage
Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, SG1
2FX Hertfordshire, U.K.
| | - Hans Schambye
- Galecto
Biotech ApS, Cobis Science
Park, Ole Maaloes Vej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert J. Slack
- Galecto
Biotech ApS, Stevenage
Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, SG1
2FX Hertfordshire, U.K.
| | - Susan Tantawi
- Galecto
Biotech ApS, Cobis Science
Park, Ole Maaloes Vej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Herrador-Cañete G, Zalacain M, Labiano S, Laspidea V, Puigdelloses M, Marrodan L, Garcia-Moure M, Gonzalez-Huarriz M, Marco-Sanz J, Ausejo-Mauleon I, de la Nava D, Hernández-Osuna R, Martínez-García J, Silva-Pilipich N, Gurucega E, Patiño-García A, Hernández-Alcoceba R, Smerdou C, Alonso MM. Galectin-3 inhibition boosts the therapeutic efficacy of Semliki Forest virus in pediatric osteosarcoma. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 26:246-264. [PMID: 35949950 PMCID: PMC9345771 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The outcomes of metastatic and nonresponder pediatric osteosarcoma patients are very poor and have not improved in the last 30 years. These tumors harbor a highly immunosuppressive environment, making existing immunotherapies ineffective. Here, we evaluated the use of Semliki Forest virus (SFV) vectors expressing galectin-3 (Gal3) inhibitors as therapeutic tools, since both the inhibition of Gal3, which is involved in immunosuppression and metastasis, and virotherapy based on SFV have been demonstrated to reduce tumor progression in different tumor models. In vitro, inhibitors based on the Gal3 amino-terminal domain alone (Gal3-N) or fused to a Gal3 peptide inhibitor (Gal3-N-C12) were able to block the binding of Gal3 to the surface of activated T cells. In vivo, SFV expressing Gal3-N-C12 induced strong antitumor responses in orthotopic K7M2 and MOS-J osteosarcoma tumors, leading to complete regressions in 47% and 30% of mice, respectively. Pulmonary metastases were also reduced in K7M2 tumor-bearing mice after treatment with SFV-Gal3-N-C12. Both the antitumor and antimetastatic responses were dependent on modulation of the immune system, primarily including an increase in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and a reduction in the immunosuppressive environment inside tumors. Our results demonstrated that SFV-Gal3-N-C12 could constitute a potential therapeutic agent for osteosarcoma patients expressing Gal3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Herrador-Cañete
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Solid Tumor Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Marta Zalacain
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Solid Tumor Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Sara Labiano
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Solid Tumor Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Virginia Laspidea
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Solid Tumor Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Montserrat Puigdelloses
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Solid Tumor Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Lucía Marrodan
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Solid Tumor Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Marc Garcia-Moure
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Solid Tumor Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Marisol Gonzalez-Huarriz
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Solid Tumor Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Javier Marco-Sanz
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Solid Tumor Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Iker Ausejo-Mauleon
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Solid Tumor Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Daniel de la Nava
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Solid Tumor Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Reyes Hernández-Osuna
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Solid Tumor Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-García
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Noelia Silva-Pilipich
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Gurucega
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Bioinformatics Platform, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Ana Patiño-García
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Solid Tumor Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Rubén Hernández-Alcoceba
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Cristian Smerdou
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Marta M Alonso
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Solid Tumor Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ren G, Guo JH, Feng CL, Ding YW, Dong B, Han YX, Li YH, Wang LL, Jiang JD. Berberine inhibits carcinogenesis through antagonizing the ATX-LPA-LPAR2-p38-leptin axis in a mouse hepatoma model. MOLECULAR THERAPY - ONCOLYTICS 2022; 26:372-386. [PMID: 36090480 PMCID: PMC9420352 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is highly desirable in clinic. Berberine (BBR) is reported to play potential roles in cancer treatment and prevention. We studied the chemopreventive effect of BBR on hepatocellular carcinogenesis in an inflammation-driven mouse model, as it was enriched in liver after oral administration. Oral BBR significantly decreased the number and volume of visible nodular tumors, and prolonged the median overall survival by 9 and 8 weeks in the diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-injected male and female mice respectively. The nodular tumors were induced through activation of the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) pathway in liver. LPA stimulated the abnormal leptin transcription through interacting with LPA receptor-2 (LPAR2) followed by p38 activation, and BBR inhibited carcinogenesis by suppressing the bioactivity of LPA. Specifically, BBR significantly reduced the expression of the LPA synthetase autotaxin (ATX) and LPAR2 in the nodular tumors of DEN-injected mice. Subsequently, BBR repressed the abnormal transcription of leptin stimulated by LPA-induced phosphorylation of p38 in hepatoma cells. In fact, BBR reduced the abnormal expression of leptin in livers of DEN-injected male mice throughout the course of an 8-month experiment. BBR might be a preventive agent for HCC, working at least partially through antagonizing the ATX-LPA-LPAR2-p38-leptin axis in liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ren
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tian Tan Xi Li, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
- Corresponding author Gang Ren, Ph.D. Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tian Tan Xi Li, Dongcheng District Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Jiang-Hong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chen-Lin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yu-Wei Ding
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tian Tan Xi Li, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Biao Dong
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tian Tan Xi Li, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yan-Xing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yu-Huan Li
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tian Tan Xi Li, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lu-Lu Wang
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tian Tan Xi Li, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
- Corresponding author Lu-Lu Wang, Ph.D., Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tian Tan Xi Li, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tian Tan Xi Li, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
- Corresponding author Jian-Dong Jiang, M.D. Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tian Tan Xi Li, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sauer N, Szlasa W, Jonderko L, Oślizło M, Kunachowicz D, Kulbacka J, Karłowicz-Bodalska K. LAG-3 as a Potent Target for Novel Anticancer Therapies of a Wide Range of Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9958. [PMID: 36077354 PMCID: PMC9456311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
LAG-3 (Lymphocyte activation gene 3) protein is a checkpoint receptor that interacts with LSEC-tin, Galectin-3 and FGL1. This interaction leads to reduced production of IL-2 and IFN-γ. LAG-3 is widely expressed in different tumor types and modulates the tumor microenvironment through immunosuppressive effects. Differential expression in various tumor types influences patient prognosis, which is often associated with coexpression with immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as TIM-3, PD-1 and CTLA-4. Here, we discuss expression profiles in different tumor types. To date, many clinical trials have been conducted using LAG-3 inhibitors, which can be divided into anti-LAG-3 monoclonal antibodies, anti-LAG-3 bispecifics and soluble LAG-3-Ig fusion proteins. LAG-3 inhibitors supress T-cell proliferation and activation by disallowing for the interaction between LAG-3 to MHC-II. The process enhances anti-tumor immune response. In this paper, we will review the current state of knowledge on the structure, function and expression of LAG-3 in various types of cancer, as well as its correlation with overall prognosis, involvement in cell-based therapies and experimental medicine. We will consider the role of compounds targeting LAG-3 in clinical trials both as monotherapy and in combination, which will provide data relating to the efficacy and safety of proposed drug candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sauer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Szlasa
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Laura Jonderko
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kuzevanova A, Apanovich N, Mansorunov D, Korotaeva A, Karpukhin A. The Features of Checkpoint Receptor—Ligand Interaction in Cancer and the Therapeutic Effectiveness of Their Inhibition. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092081. [PMID: 36140182 PMCID: PMC9495440 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, certain problems have been identified in cancer immunotherapy using the inhibition of immune checkpoints (ICs). Despite the excellent effect of cancer therapy in some cases when blocking the PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) ligand and the immune cell receptors PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) and CTLA4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4) with antibodies, the proportion of patients responding to such therapy is still far from desirable. This situation has stimulated the exploration of additional receptors and ligands as targets for immunotherapy. In our article, based on the analysis of the available data, the TIM-3 (T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3), LAG-3 (lymphocyte-activation gene 3), TIGIT (T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) domains), VISTA (V-domain Ig suppressor of T-cell activation), and BTLA (B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator) receptors and their ligands are comprehensively considered. Data on the relationship between receptor expression and the clinical characteristics of tumors are presented and are analyzed together with the results of preclinical and clinical studies on the therapeutic efficacy of their blocking. Such a comprehensive analysis makes it possible to assess the prospects of receptors of this series as targets for anticancer therapy. The expression of the LAG-3 receptor shows the most unambiguous relationship with the clinical characteristics of cancer. Its inhibition is the most effective of the analyzed series in terms of the antitumor response. The expression of TIGIT and BTLA correlates well with clinical characteristics and demonstrates antitumor efficacy in preclinical and clinical studies, which indicates their high promise as targets for anticancer therapy. At the same time, the relationship of VISTA and TIM-3 expression with the clinical characteristics of the tumor is contradictory, and the results on the antitumor effectiveness of their inhibition are inconsistent.
Collapse
|
41
|
Multicomponent reaction derived small di- and tri-carbohydrate-based glycomimetics as tools for probing lectin specificity. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:587-597. [PMID: 36001188 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Lectins, carbohydrate-binding proteins, play important functions in all forms of life from bacteria and viruses to plants, animals, and humans, participating in cell-cell communication and pathogen binding. In an attempt to modify lectin functions, artificial lectin ligands were made usually as big dendrimeric or cluster multivalent glycomimetic structures. Here we synthesized a novel set of glycomimetic ligands through protection/deprotection multicomponent reactions (MCR) approach. Multivalent di-and tri-carbohydrate glycomimetics containing D-fructose, D-galactose, and D-allose moieties were prepared in 63-96% yield. MCR glycomimetics demonstrated different binding abilities for plant lectins Con A and UEA I, and human galectin-3. Information gained about the influence of molecule structure, multivalency and optical purity on the lectin binding ability can be used in lectin detection and sensitivity measurements to further facilitate understanding of carbohydrate recognition process.
Collapse
|
42
|
Kim JS, Kim S, Koh J, Kim M, Keam B, Kim TM, Lindmark B, Kim DW. Predictive role of galectin-3 for immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) in advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: a potential new marker for ICB resistance. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 149:2355-2365. [PMID: 35976444 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04275-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to assess the predictive value of galectin-3 (Gal-3) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) therapy using both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). METHODS This retrospective study was conducted at Seoul National University Hospital. Patients with EGFR/ALK-wild-type advanced or metastatic NSCLC who received ICBs between December 2013 and December 2019 were enrolled. Patients with archived blood samples collected prior to ICB treatment were assigned to the ELISA cohort. In addition, those with tissue samples from sites of recurrence or metastasis were assigned to an IHC cohort. Then, we analyzed Gal-3 expression in both cohorts. RESULTS Fifty-six patients in the ELISA cohort were grouped into low (N = 36) and high (N = 20) groups, using the mean Gal-3 ELISA level (13.24 pg/ml) as a cutoff. The high group demonstrated trends toward reduced progression-free survival (PFS) (0.9 vs. 3.7 months, p = 0.196) and significantly shorter overall survival (OS) (1.6 vs. 12.3 months, p = 0.018) than the low group. We categorized 94 patients in the IHC cohort into negative (N = 31) and positive (N = 63) groups based on Gal-3 IHC positivity. However, the median PFS (4.6 vs. 4.6 months for the negative vs. positive IHC group, respectively, p = 0.345) and OS (16.4 vs. 9.0 months, p = 0.137) were not significantly different. CONCLUSION High blood Gal-3 levels may predict inferior survival in patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC treated with ICBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Sun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Cancer Research and Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemoon Koh
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Miso Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research and Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bhumsuk Keam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research and Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research and Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Dong-Wan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Cancer Research and Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kim D, Kim JS, Cheon I, Kim SR, Chun SH, Kim JJ, Lee S, Yoon JS, Hong SA, Won HS, Kang K, Ahn YH, Ko YH. Identification and Characterization of Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Subpopulations in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143486. [PMID: 35884546 PMCID: PMC9324153 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) reside within the tumor microenvironment, facilitating cancer progression and metastasis via direct and indirect interactions with cancer cells and other stromal cell types. CAFs are composed of heterogeneous subpopulations of activated fibroblasts, including myofibroblastic, inflammatory, and immunosuppressive CAFs. In this study, we sought to identify subpopulations of CAFs isolated from human lung adenocarcinomas and describe their transcriptomic and functional characteristics through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and subsequent bioinformatics analyses. Cell trajectory analysis of combined total and THY1 + CAFs revealed two branching points with five distinct branches. Based on Gene Ontology analysis, we denoted Branch 1 as "immunosuppressive", Branch 2 as "neoantigen presenting", Branch 4 as "myofibroblastic", and Branch 5 as "proliferative" CAFs. We selected representative branch-specific markers and measured their expression levels in total and THY1 + CAFs. We also investigated the effects of these markers on CAF activity under coculture with lung cancer cells. This study describes novel subpopulations of CAFs in lung adenocarcinoma, highlighting their potential value as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeong Seon Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (J.S.K.); (I.C.); (S.L.)
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Inyoung Cheon
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (J.S.K.); (I.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Seo Ree Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.R.K.); (S.H.C.); (H.S.W.)
| | - Sang Hoon Chun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.R.K.); (S.H.C.); (H.S.W.)
| | - Jae Jun Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Sieun Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (J.S.K.); (I.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Jung Sook Yoon
- Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital Clinical Research Laboratory, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu 11765, Korea;
| | - Soon Auck Hong
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea;
| | - Hye Sung Won
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.R.K.); (S.H.C.); (H.S.W.)
| | - Keunsoo Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
| | - Young-Ho Ahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (J.S.K.); (I.C.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.A.); (Y.H.K.); Tel.: +82-2-6986-6268 (Y.-H.A.); +82-2-2030-4360 (Y.H.K.)
| | - Yoon Ho Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.R.K.); (S.H.C.); (H.S.W.)
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.A.); (Y.H.K.); Tel.: +82-2-6986-6268 (Y.-H.A.); +82-2-2030-4360 (Y.H.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chianca M, Panichella G, Fabiani I, Giannoni A, L'Abbate S, Aimo A, Del Franco A, Vergaro G, Grigoratos C, Castiglione V, Cipolla CM, Fedele A, Passino C, Emdin M, Cardinale DM. Bidirectional Relationship Between Cancer and Heart Failure: Insights on Circulating Biomarkers. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:936654. [PMID: 35872912 PMCID: PMC9299444 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.936654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer and heart failure are the two leading causes of death in developed countries. These two apparently distinct clinical entities share similar risk factors, symptoms, and pathophysiological mechanisms (inflammation, metabolic disturbances, neuro-hormonal and immune system activation, and endothelial dysfunction). Beyond the well-known cardiotoxic effects of oncological therapies, cancer and heart failure are thought to be tied by a bidirectional relationship, where one disease favors the other and vice versa. In this context, biomarkers represent a simple, reproducible, sensitive and cost-effective method to explore such relationship. In this review, we recapitulate the evidence on cardiovascular and oncological biomarkers in the field of cardioncology, focusing on their role in treatment-naïve cancer patients. Cardioncological biomarkers are useful tools in risk stratification, early detection of cardiotoxicity, follow-up, and prognostic assessment. Intriguingly, these biomarkers might contribute to better understand the common pathophysiology of cancer and heart failure, thus allowing the implementation of preventive and treatment strategies in cardioncological patients
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Chianca
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Iacopo Fabiani
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Iacopo Fabiani
| | - Alberto Giannoni
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena L'Abbate
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Aimo
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Vergaro
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Carlo Maria Cipolla
- Cardioncology Unit, Cardioncology and Second Opinion Division, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.), Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Fedele
- Cardioncology Unit, Cardioncology and Second Opinion Division, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.), Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Passino
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Emdin
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Maria Cardinale
- Cardioncology Unit, Cardioncology and Second Opinion Division, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.), Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Selvaraj FM, Joseph AP, Varun BR, Mony V, Siva Kumar TT. Immunohistochemical evaluation of galectin-3 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma, oral leukoplakia and normal mucosa. Indian J Dent Res 2022; 33:282-286. [PMID: 36656189 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_157_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Galectin 3 (Gal-3) has diverse functions critical in cancer biology including cell proliferation, apoptosis, evasion of immune responses and angiogenesis. The expression of Gal-3 is heterogeneous in normal and neoplastic tissues. In oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral leukoplakia (OL), both increased and decreased expressions of Gal-3 were elicited in numerous studies. Aims To evaluate, compare and correlate the immunohistochemical expression of Gal-3 in OSCC, OL and normal oral mucosa. Settings and Design The study was conducted at the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology at PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Vattapara, Thiruvananthapuram. This is a retrospective analytical study. Methods and Material Clinically diagnosed and histopathologically confirmed cases of OSCC (n = 21), OL (n = 21), and normal oral mucosa (n = 21) were included in the study. Paraffin-embedded tissues were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for Gal-3 expression. Gal-3 staining expression, staining distribution and cellular localisation were evaluated. All sampled categories were compared using immunohistochemical scoring analysis such as the H-score, labelling index (LI), immunoreactive score (IRS) and staining intensity (SI). Statistical Analysis The results were statistically analysed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) within and among the groups. Results and Conclusion The statistical inferences obtained found that the H-score could be used as a guideline for better differentiation between the groups and among the groups. The P value obtained was < 0.0125 and was found to be significant. The observation in our study shows that the immunohistochemical expression of Gal-3 gradually decreased from normal oral mucosa to OL to OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Freeda M Selvaraj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Anna P Joseph
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - B R Varun
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Vinod Mony
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - T T Siva Kumar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zanotti S, Boot GF, Coto-Llerena M, Gallon J, Hess GF, Soysal SD, Kollmar O, Ng CKY, Piscuoglio S. The Role of Chronic Liver Diseases in the Emergence and Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Omics Perspective. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:888850. [PMID: 35814741 PMCID: PMC9263082 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.888850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) typically develops from a background of cirrhosis resulting from chronic inflammation. This inflammation is frequently associated with chronic liver diseases (CLD). The advent of next generation sequencing has enabled extensive analyses of molecular aberrations in HCC. However, less attention has been directed to the chronically inflamed background of the liver, prior to HCC emergence and during recurrence following surgery. Hepatocytes within chronically inflamed liver tissues present highly activated inflammatory signaling pathways and accumulation of a complex mutational landscape. In this altered environment, cells may transform in a stepwise manner toward tumorigenesis. Similarly, the chronically inflamed environment which persists after resection may impact the timing of HCC recurrence. Advances in research are allowing an extensive epigenomic, transcriptomic and proteomic characterization of CLD which define the emergence of HCC or its recurrence. The amount of data generated will enable the understanding of oncogenic mechanisms in HCC from the CLD perspective and provide the possibility to identify robust biomarkers or novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of primary and recurrent HCC. Importantly, biomarkers defined by the analysis of CLD tissue may permit the early detection or prevention of HCC emergence and recurrence. In this review, we compile the current omics based evidence of the contribution of CLD tissues to the emergence and recurrence of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Zanotti
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas University Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Gina F. Boot
- Visceral Surgery and Precision Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mairene Coto-Llerena
- Visceral Surgery and Precision Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - John Gallon
- Visceral Surgery and Precision Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel F. Hess
- Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Savas D. Soysal
- Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Otto Kollmar
- Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte K. Y. Ng
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- Visceral Surgery and Precision Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Salvatore Piscuoglio
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Omran F, Kyrou I, Osman F, Lim VG, Randeva HS, Chatha K. Cardiovascular Biomarkers: Lessons of the Past and Prospects for the Future. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5680. [PMID: 35628490 PMCID: PMC9143441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major healthcare burden on the population worldwide. Early detection of this disease is important in prevention and treatment to minimise morbidity and mortality. Biomarkers are a critical tool to either diagnose, screen, or provide prognostic information for pathological conditions. This review discusses the historical cardiac biomarkers used to detect these conditions, discussing their application and their limitations. Identification of new biomarkers have since replaced these and are now in use in routine clinical practice, but still do not detect all disease. Future cardiac biomarkers are showing promise in early studies, but further studies are required to show their value in improving detection of CVD above the current biomarkers. Additionally, the analytical platforms that would allow them to be adopted in healthcare are yet to be established. There is also the need to identify whether these biomarkers can be used for diagnostic, prognostic, or screening purposes, which will impact their implementation in routine clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farah Omran
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (F.O.); (I.K.); (F.O.); (V.G.L.); (H.S.R.)
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Ioannis Kyrou
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (F.O.); (I.K.); (F.O.); (V.G.L.); (H.S.R.)
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Centre of Applied Biological & Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
- Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Faizel Osman
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (F.O.); (I.K.); (F.O.); (V.G.L.); (H.S.R.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Ven Gee Lim
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (F.O.); (I.K.); (F.O.); (V.G.L.); (H.S.R.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Harpal Singh Randeva
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (F.O.); (I.K.); (F.O.); (V.G.L.); (H.S.R.)
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Kamaljit Chatha
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (F.O.); (I.K.); (F.O.); (V.G.L.); (H.S.R.)
- Biochemistry and Immunology Department, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Gopinath P, Natarajan A, Sathyanarayanan A, Veluswami S, Gopisetty G. The multifaceted role of Matricellular Proteins in health and cancer, as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Gene 2022; 815:146137. [PMID: 35007686 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of a mesh of proteins, proteoglycans, growth factors, and other secretory components. It constitutes the tumor microenvironment along with the endothelial cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, adipocytes, and immune cells. The proteins of ECM can be functionally classified as adhesive proteins and matricellular proteins (MCP). In the tumor milieu, the ECM plays a major role in tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance. The current review encompasses thrombospondins, osteonectin, osteopontin, tenascin C, periostin, the CCN family, laminin, biglycan, decorin, mimecan, and galectins. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are also discussed as they are an integral part of the ECM with versatile functions in the tumor stroma. In this review, the role of these proteins in tumor initiation, growth, invasion and metastasis have been highlighted, with emphasis on their contribution to tumor therapeutic resistance. Further, their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets based on existing evidence are discussed. Owing to the recent advancements in protein targeting, the possibility of agents to modulate MCPs in cancer as therapeutic options are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prarthana Gopinath
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute WIA, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aparna Natarajan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute WIA, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sridevi Veluswami
- Deaprtment of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gopal Gopisetty
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute WIA, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
The discovery of immune checkpoints (ICs) and the development of specific blockers to relieve immune effector cells from this inhibiting mechanism has changed the view of anti-cancer therapy. In addition to cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) and programmed death 1 (PD1), classical ICs of T lymphocytes and recently described also on a fraction of natural killer (NK) cells, several NK cell receptors, including killer immunoglobulin-like inhibitory receptors (KIRs) and NGK2A, have been recognized as checkpoint members typical of the NK cell population. This offers the opportunity of a dual-checkpoint inhibition approach, targeting classical and non-classical ICs and leading to a synergistic therapeutic effect. In this review, we will overview and discuss this new perspective, focusing on the most relevant candidates for this role among the variety of potential NK ICs. Beside listing and defining classical ICs expressed also by NK cells, or non-classical ICs either on T or on NK cells, we will address their role in NK cell survival, chronic stimulation or functional exhaustion, and the potential relevance of this phenomenon on anti-tumor immune response. Furthermore, NK ICs will be proposed as possible new targets for the development of efficient combined immunotherapy, not forgetting the relevant concerns that may be raised on NK IC blockade. Finally, the impact of epigenetic drugs in such a complex therapeutic picture will be briefly addressed.
Collapse
|
50
|
Mielczarek-Palacz A, Kondera-Anasz Z, Smycz-Kubańska M, Englisz A, Janusz A, Królewska-Daszczyńska P, Wendlocha D. The role of galectins‑1, 3, 7, 8 and 9 as potential diagnostic and therapeutic markers in ovarian cancer (Review). Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:166. [PMID: 35293602 PMCID: PMC8941520 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of ovarian cancer is increasing, particularly throughout the highly developed countries, while this cancer type remains a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The currently poorly recognized lectins called galectins have various roles in interactions occurring in the tumor microenvironment. Galectins are involved in tumor-associated processes, including the promotion of growth, adhesion, angiogenesis and survival of tumor cells. Results of research studies performed so far point to a complex role of galectins-1, 3, −7, −8 and −9 in carcinogenesis of ovarian cancer and elucidation of the mechanisms may contribute to novel forms of therapies targeting the proteins. In particular, it appears important to recognize the reasons for changes in expression of galectins. Galectins also appear to be a useful diagnostic and prognostic tool to evaluate tumor progression or the efficacy of therapies in patients with ovarian cancer, which requires further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Mielczarek-Palacz
- Department of Immunology and Serology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40‑055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Zdzisława Kondera-Anasz
- Department of Immunology and Serology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40‑055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marta Smycz-Kubańska
- Department of Immunology and Serology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40‑055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Englisz
- Department of Immunology and Serology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40‑055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Janusz
- Department of Immunology and Serology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40‑055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Patrycja Królewska-Daszczyńska
- Department of Immunology and Serology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40‑055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Dominika Wendlocha
- Department of Immunology and Serology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40‑055 Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|