1
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Rosenberger G, Li W, Turunen M, He J, Subramaniam PS, Pampou S, Griffin AT, Karan C, Kerwin P, Murray D, Honig B, Liu Y, Califano A. Network-based elucidation of colon cancer drug resistance mechanisms by phosphoproteomic time-series analysis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3909. [PMID: 38724493 PMCID: PMC11082183 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant signaling pathway activity is a hallmark of tumorigenesis and progression, which has guided targeted inhibitor design for over 30 years. Yet, adaptive resistance mechanisms, induced by rapid, context-specific signaling network rewiring, continue to challenge therapeutic efficacy. Leveraging progress in proteomic technologies and network-based methodologies, we introduce Virtual Enrichment-based Signaling Protein-activity Analysis (VESPA)-an algorithm designed to elucidate mechanisms of cell response and adaptation to drug perturbations-and use it to analyze 7-point phosphoproteomic time series from colorectal cancer cells treated with clinically-relevant inhibitors and control media. Interrogating tumor-specific enzyme/substrate interactions accurately infers kinase and phosphatase activity, based on their substrate phosphorylation state, effectively accounting for signal crosstalk and sparse phosphoproteome coverage. The analysis elucidates time-dependent signaling pathway response to each drug perturbation and, more importantly, cell adaptive response and rewiring, experimentally confirmed by CRISPR knock-out assays, suggesting broad applicability to cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Rosenberger
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenxue Li
- Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mikko Turunen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jing He
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Prem S Subramaniam
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sergey Pampou
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- J.P. Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aaron T Griffin
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles Karan
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- J.P. Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrick Kerwin
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diana Murray
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barry Honig
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yansheng Liu
- Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub New York, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Kazanietz MG, Cooke M. Protein kinase C signaling "in" and "to" the nucleus: Master kinases in transcriptional regulation. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105692. [PMID: 38301892 PMCID: PMC10907189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
PKC is a multifunctional family of Ser-Thr kinases widely implicated in the regulation of fundamental cellular functions, including proliferation, polarity, motility, and differentiation. Notwithstanding their primary cytoplasmic localization and stringent activation by cell surface receptors, PKC isozymes impel prominent nuclear signaling ultimately impacting gene expression. While transcriptional regulation may be wielded by nuclear PKCs, it most often relies on cytoplasmic phosphorylation events that result in nuclear shuttling of PKC downstream effectors, including transcription factors. As expected from the unique coupling of PKC isozymes to signaling effector pathways, glaring disparities in gene activation/repression are observed upon targeting individual PKC family members. Notably, specific PKCs control the expression and activation of transcription factors implicated in cell cycle/mitogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and immune function. Additionally, PKCs isozymes tightly regulate transcription factors involved in stepwise differentiation of pluripotent stem cells toward specific epithelial, mesenchymal, and hematopoietic cell lineages. Aberrant PKC expression and/or activation in pathological conditions, such as in cancer, leads to profound alterations in gene expression, leading to an extensive rewiring of transcriptional networks associated with mitogenesis, invasiveness, stemness, and tumor microenvironment dysregulation. In this review, we outline the current understanding of PKC signaling "in" and "to" the nucleus, with significant focus on established paradigms of PKC-mediated transcriptional control. Dissecting these complexities would allow the identification of relevant molecular targets implicated in a wide spectrum of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo G Kazanietz
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Mariana Cooke
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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3
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Khalid KM, Ratnayake WS, Apostolatos CA, Acevedo-Duncan M. Dual inhibition of atypical PKC signaling and PI3K/Akt signaling dysregulates c-Myc to induce apoptosis in clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1213715. [PMID: 38288105 PMCID: PMC10823017 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1213715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer (85%). 75% of the RCC cases involve conventional clear cell RCC (ccRCC). Approximately, 39% of late-stage patients (stage IV) are treated with chemotherapeutic agents. Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) pathways are frequently activated in RCC. In addition, atypical PKCs (PKC-ί and PKC ζ) are overexpressed in most cancer cells, and they play a central role in tumor progression and the metastasis of different types of cancers. Our goal is to establish the role of aPKCs in the regulation of multiple key activated pathways in ccRCC. In this study, we also established a novel therapeutic regimen for dual inhibition of key activated pathways. Method In this study, 786-0 and Caki-1 cells were studied and subjected to cell viability assay, western blot analysis, scratch & wound healing assay, transwell invasion assay, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, flow cytometry, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We used combination of PI3K inhibitor- Alpelisib (BYL719) and ICA-1 (a PKC-ι-specific 5-amino-1-2,3-dihydroxy-4-(methylcyclopentyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide). In addition to drug treatment, small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology was used to further confirm the experimental outcome of the drug treatment. Results Our results suggest that treatment of ccRCC cells with a combination of ICA-1 (aPKC inhibitor) and BYL719 (PI3K inhibitor) downregulates PKC-ί and causes downstream inhibition of c-Myc. Inhibition of the PKCί also reduces activation of MEK/ERK1/2. It is observed that treatment with ICA-1 disrupts the level of the aPKC-Akt1 association. ICA-1 treatment also shows a reduced level of association between aPKC and c-Myc. The inhibition of aPKCs and downstream effector proteins by combination therapy is more pronounced compared to a single therapy. These effects contribute to reduced cell growth, and eventually, the induction of apoptosis. The decreased level of N-cadherin, p-vimentin, and vimentin and the increased level of E-cadherin confirm reduced malignancy. Conclusion Therefore, implementing a combination of Alpelisib and a PKC-ι inhibitor is an effective approach to reducing cell proliferation, and invasion that eventually induces apoptosis and may be considered as a potential therapeutic option in ccRCC.
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Silnitsky S, Rubin SJS, Zerihun M, Qvit N. An Update on Protein Kinases as Therapeutic Targets-Part I: Protein Kinase C Activation and Its Role in Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17600. [PMID: 38139428 PMCID: PMC10743896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases are one of the most significant drug targets in the human proteome, historically harnessed for the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and a growing number of other conditions, including autoimmune and inflammatory processes. Since the approval of the first kinase inhibitors in the late 1990s and early 2000s, the field has grown exponentially, comprising 98 approved therapeutics to date, 37 of which were approved between 2016 and 2021. While many of these small-molecule protein kinase inhibitors that interact orthosterically with the protein kinase ATP binding pocket have been massively successful for oncological indications, their poor selectively for protein kinase isozymes have limited them due to toxicities in their application to other disease spaces. Thus, recent attention has turned to the use of alternative allosteric binding mechanisms and improved drug platforms such as modified peptides to design protein kinase modulators with enhanced selectivity and other pharmacological properties. Herein we review the role of different protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms in cancer and cardiovascular disease, with particular attention to PKC-family inhibitors. We discuss translational examples and carefully consider the advantages and limitations of each compound (Part I). We also discuss the recent advances in the field of protein kinase modulators, leverage molecular docking to model inhibitor-kinase interactions, and propose mechanisms of action that will aid in the design of next-generation protein kinase modulators (Part II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shmuel Silnitsky
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Henrietta Szold St. 8, Safed 1311502, Israel; (S.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Samuel J. S. Rubin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Mulate Zerihun
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Henrietta Szold St. 8, Safed 1311502, Israel; (S.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Nir Qvit
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Henrietta Szold St. 8, Safed 1311502, Israel; (S.S.); (M.Z.)
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5
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Pyo JS, Min KW, Oh IH, Lim DH, Son BK. Clinicopathological significance and the associated signaling pathway of p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) in colorectal cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154820. [PMID: 37801909 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological significance and associated signaling pathways of p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) in colorectal cancer (CRC). PAK1 immunohistochemical expression was investigated in 246 human CRC tissues to evaluate its clinicopathological significance and prognostic role. Correlations between PAK1 and the immunoscore, HIF-1α, and pFOXO1 were also evaluated. PAK1 was expressed in 169 of 246 CRC tissues (68.7%). PAK1 expression significantly correlated with the metastatic lymph node ratio (P = 0.023). However, PAK1 expression did not correlate with tumor size, tumor location, tumor differentiation, lymphovascular and perineural invasion, or distant metastasis. PAK1 expression was significantly higher in CRC with a low immunoscore than in CRC with a high immunoscore (P = 0.017). In addition, there were significant correlations between PAK1, HIF-1α, and pFOXO1 expression (P = 0.001 and P = 0.024, respectively). Patients with PAK1 expression had worse overall and recurrence-free survival than those without PAK1 expression (P 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). PAK1 expression was significantly correlated with worse prognosis in CRCs patients. In addition, PAK1 expression was significantly correlated with a low immunoscore and high expression of HIF-1α and pFOXO1 in CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Soo Pyo
- Department of Pathology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyueng-Whan Min
- Department of Pathology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Hwan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Kwan Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Liu Y, Zou Y, Huang Y, Chen S, Zhang L. Identification of Balanol As a Potential Inhibitor of PAK1 That Induces Apoptosis and Cytoprotective Autophagy in Colorectal Cancer Cells. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300114. [PMID: 37323074 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract, often accompanied by poor prognosis and high incidence and mortality. p21 activated kinases (PAKs) have been used as therapeutic targets because of their central role in many oncogenic signaling networks. By exploring tumor databases, we found that PAK1 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer, and therefore, PAK1-targeted inhibition is a new potential therapeutic strategy for colorectal cancer. We identified that Balanol (compound 6, DB04098) can effectively target PAK1 by high-throughput virtual screening. In vitro, compound 6 exhibited favorable PAK1 inhibition with potent anti-proliferative and anti-migration activity in SW480 cells. Additionally, we also found that compound 6 induced apoptosis and cytoprotective autophagy in SW480 cells. Together, these results indicate that compound 6 is a potential novel PAK1 inhibitor, which would be utilized as a candidate compound for future CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuling Zou
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunli Huang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
| | - Siwei Chen
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
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7
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Rosenberger G, Li W, Turunen M, He J, Subramaniam PS, Pampou S, Griffin AT, Karan C, Kerwin P, Murray D, Honig B, Liu Y, Califano A. Network-based elucidation of colon cancer drug resistance by phosphoproteomic time-series analysis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.15.528736. [PMID: 36824919 PMCID: PMC9949144 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.15.528736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant signaling pathway activity is a hallmark of tumorigenesis and progression, which has guided targeted inhibitor design for over 30 years. Yet, adaptive resistance mechanisms, induced by rapid, context-specific signaling network rewiring, continue to challenge therapeutic efficacy. By leveraging progress in proteomic technologies and network-based methodologies, over the past decade, we developed VESPA-an algorithm designed to elucidate mechanisms of cell response and adaptation to drug perturbations-and used it to analyze 7-point phosphoproteomic time series from colorectal cancer cells treated with clinically-relevant inhibitors and control media. Interrogation of tumor-specific enzyme/substrate interactions accurately inferred kinase and phosphatase activity, based on their inferred substrate phosphorylation state, effectively accounting for signal cross-talk and sparse phosphoproteome coverage. The analysis elucidated time-dependent signaling pathway response to each drug perturbation and, more importantly, cell adaptive response and rewiring that was experimentally confirmed by CRISPRko assays, suggesting broad applicability to cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Rosenberger
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenxue Li
- Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mikko Turunen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jing He
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Present address: Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Prem S Subramaniam
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sergey Pampou
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- J.P. Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aaron T Griffin
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles Karan
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- J.P. Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrick Kerwin
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diana Murray
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barry Honig
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yansheng Liu
- Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- J.P. Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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8
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Kawano T, Inokuchi J, Eto M, Murata M, Kang JH. Protein Kinase C (PKC) Isozymes as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5425. [PMID: 36358843 PMCID: PMC9658272 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a large family of calcium- and phospholipid-dependent serine/threonine kinases that consists of at least 11 isozymes. Based on their structural characteristics and mode of activation, the PKC family is classified into three subfamilies: conventional or classic (cPKCs; α, βI, βII, and γ), novel or non-classic (nPKCs; δ, ε, η, and θ), and atypical (aPKCs; ζ, ι, and λ) (PKCλ is the mouse homolog of PKCι) PKC isozymes. PKC isozymes play important roles in proliferation, differentiation, survival, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and anticancer drug resistance in cancer cells. Several studies have shown a positive relationship between PKC isozymes and poor disease-free survival, poor survival following anticancer drug treatment, and increased recurrence. Furthermore, a higher level of PKC activation has been reported in cancer tissues compared to that in normal tissues. These data suggest that PKC isozymes represent potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer. This review summarizes the current knowledge and discusses the potential of PKC isozymes as biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Kawano
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Junichi Inokuchi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masaharu Murata
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Jeong-Hun Kang
- Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Shinmachi, Kishibe, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
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9
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Ngalim SH, Yusoff N, Johnson RR, Abdul Razak SR, Chen X, Hobbs JK, Lee YY. A review on mechanobiology of cell adhesion networks in different stages of sporadic colorectal cancer to explain its tumorigenesis. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 175:63-72. [PMID: 36116549 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) is strongly linked to extraneous factors, like poor diet and lifestyle, but not to inherent factors like familial genetics. The changes at the epigenomics and signalling pathways are known across the sporadic CRC stages. The catch is that temporal information of the onset, the feedback loop, and the crosstalk of signalling and noise are still unclear. This makes it challenging to diagnose and treat colon cancer effectively with no relapse. Various microbial cells and native cells of the colon, contribute to sporadic CRC development. These cells secrete autocrine and paracrine for their bioenergetics and communications with other cell types. Imbalances of the biochemicals affect the epithelial lining of colon. One side of this epithelial lining is interfacing the dense colon tissue, while the other side is exposed to microbiota and excrement from the lumen. Hence, the epithelial lining is prone to tumorigenesis due to the influence of both biochemical and mechanical cues from its complex surrounding. The role of physical transformations in tumorigenesis have been limitedly discussed. In this context, cellular and tissue structures, and force transductions are heavily regulated by cell adhesion networks. These networks include cell anchoring mechanism to the surrounding, cell structural integrity mechanism, and cell effector molecules. This review will focus on the progression of the sporadic CRC stages that are governed by the underlaying cell adhesion networks within the epithelial cells. Additionally, current and potential technologies and therapeutics that target cell adhesion networks for treatments of sporadic CRC will be incorporated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Hawa Ngalim
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Norwahida Yusoff
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Rayzel Renitha Johnson
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Siti Razila Abdul Razak
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Xinyue Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie K Hobbs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Yeong Yeh Lee
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
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10
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Guo CL. Self-Sustained Regulation or Self-Perpetuating Dysregulation: ROS-dependent HIF-YAP-Notch Signaling as a Double-Edged Sword on Stem Cell Physiology and Tumorigenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:862791. [PMID: 35774228 PMCID: PMC9237464 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.862791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ development, homeostasis, and repair often rely on bidirectional, self-organized cell-niche interactions, through which cells select cell fate, such as stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. The niche contains multiplexed chemical and mechanical factors. How cells interpret niche structural information such as the 3D topology of organs and integrate with multiplexed mechano-chemical signals is an open and active research field. Among all the niche factors, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have recently gained growing interest. Once considered harmful, ROS are now recognized as an important niche factor in the regulation of tissue mechanics and topology through, for example, the HIF-YAP-Notch signaling pathways. These pathways are not only involved in the regulation of stem cell physiology but also associated with inflammation, neurological disorder, aging, tumorigenesis, and the regulation of the immune checkpoint molecule PD-L1. Positive feedback circuits have been identified in the interplay of ROS and HIF-YAP-Notch signaling, leading to the possibility that under aberrant conditions, self-organized, ROS-dependent physiological regulations can be switched to self-perpetuating dysregulation, making ROS a double-edged sword at the interface of stem cell physiology and tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss the recent findings on how ROS and tissue mechanics affect YAP-HIF-Notch-PD-L1 signaling, hoping that the knowledge can be used to design strategies for stem cell-based and ROS-targeting therapy and tissue engineering.
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11
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Zou D, Li Q, Pan W, Chen P, Sun M, Bao X. A novel non‑selective atypical PKC agonist could protect neuronal cell line from Aβ‑oligomer induced toxicity by suppressing Aβ generation. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:153. [PMID: 35244193 PMCID: PMC8941380 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical protein kinase C (aPKCs) serve key functions in embryonic development by regulating apical-basal polarity. Previous studies have shed light on their roles during adulthood, especially in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the crystal structure of PKCι has been resolved, an agonist of aPKCs remains to be discovered. In the present study, by using the Discovery Studio program and LibDock methodology, a small molecule library (K66-X4436 KINA Set) of compounds were screened for potential binding to PKCι. Subsequently, the computational docking results were validated using affinity selection-mass spectrometry, before in vitro kinase activity was used to determine the function of the hit compounds. A cell-based model assay that can mimic the pathology of AD was then established and used to assess the function of these hit compounds. As a result, the aPKC agonist Z640 was identified, which could bind to PKCι in silico, in vitro and in this cell-based model. Z640 was further confirmed as a non-selective aPKC agonist that can activate the kinase activity of both PKCι and PKCζ. In the cell-based assay, Z640 was found to protect neuronal cell lines from amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomer-induced cell death by reducing reactive oxygen species production and restore mitochondrial function. In addition, Z640 could reduce Aβ40 generation in a dose-dependent manner and shift amyloid precursor protein processing towards the non-amyloid pathway. To conclude, the present study is the first, to the best of the authors' knowledge to identify an aPKC agonist by combining computer-assisted drug discovery and cell-based assays. The present study also revealed that aPKC agonists have therapeutic potential for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Biology, College of Staten Island, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Wenyang Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Miao Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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12
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Gurba A, Taciak P, Sacharczuk M, Młynarczuk-Biały I, Bujalska-Zadrożny M, Fichna J. Gold (III) Derivatives in Colon Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:724. [PMID: 35054907 PMCID: PMC8775370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer in men and the second in women. Standard patterns of antitumor therapy, including cisplatin, are ineffective due to their lack of specificity for tumor cells, development of drug resistance, and severe side effects. For this reason, new methods and strategies for CRC treatment are urgently needed. Current research includes novel platinum (Pt)- and other metal-based drugs such as gold (Au), silver (Ag), iridium (Ir), or ruthenium (Ru). Au(III) compounds are promising drug candidates for CRC treatment due to their structural similarity to Pt(II). Their advantage is their relatively good solubility in water, but their disadvantage is an unsatisfactory stability under physiological conditions. Due to these limitations, work is still underway to improve the formula of Au(III) complexes by combining with various types of ligands capable of stabilizing the Au(III) cation and preventing its reduction under physiological conditions. This review summarizes the achievements in the field of stable Au(III) complexes with potential cytotoxic activity restricted to cancer cells. Moreover, it has been shown that not nucleic acids but various protein structures such as thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) mediate the antitumor effects of Au derivatives. The state of the art of the in vivo studies so far conducted is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Gurba
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (P.T.); (M.S.); (M.B.-Z.)
| | - Przemysław Taciak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (P.T.); (M.S.); (M.B.-Z.)
| | - Mariusz Sacharczuk
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (P.T.); (M.S.); (M.B.-Z.)
- Department of Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Izabela Młynarczuk-Biały
- Department for Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Bujalska-Zadrożny
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (P.T.); (M.S.); (M.B.-Z.)
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
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13
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Activators and Inhibitors of Protein Kinase C (PKC): Their Applications in Clinical Trials. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111748. [PMID: 34834162 PMCID: PMC8621927 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC), a family of phospholipid-dependent serine/threonine kinase, is classed into three subfamilies based on their structural and activation characteristics: conventional or classic PKC isozymes (cPKCs; α, βI, βII, and γ), novel or non-classic PKC isozymes (nPKCs; δ, ε, η, and θ), and atypical PKC isozymes (aPKCs; ζ, ι, and λ). PKC inhibitors and activators are used to understand PKC-mediated intracellular signaling pathways and for the diagnosis and treatment of various PKC-associated diseases, such as cancers, neurological diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and infections. Many clinical trials of PKC inhibitors in cancers showed no significant clinical benefits, meaning that there is a limitation to design a cancer therapeutic strategy targeting PKC alone. This review will focus on the activators and inhibitors of PKC and their applications in clinical trials.
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14
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Matsumoto S, Okada J, Yamada E, Saito T, Okada K, Watanabe T, Nakajima Y, Ozawa A, Okada S, Yamada M. Overexpressed exocyst complex component 3-like 1 spontaneously induces apoptosis. Biomed Res 2021; 42:109-113. [PMID: 34092752 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.42.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Exocyst complex component 3-like 1 (EXOC3L1), which regulates insulin secretion, is ubiquitously present in heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, muscle, cerebellum, pituitary, adrenal grand, and pancreatic islets. Its deduced amino acid sequence has 31% identity and 53% similarity with Sec6, so they are considered isoforms. Since Sec6 suppresses apoptosis via HSP27, we investigated the involvement of EXOC3L1 expression in apoptosis. We found that overexpressed EXOC3L1 in Chinese hamster ovary cells significantly reduced cultured cell numbers. It also significantly increased apoptotic DNA ladder, caspase 3 activity, and cleavage of caspase 3 compared with the control. Thus, although Sec6 reduces apoptosis by increasing HSP27 phosphorylation, overexpressed EXOC3L1 alone can spontaneously induce apoptosis without apoptotic stimulators or inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Matsumoto
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Junichi Okada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | - Eijiro Yamada
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tsugumichi Saito
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Takuya Watanabe
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Saku Central Hospital Advanced Care Center
| | - Yasuyo Nakajima
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Atsushi Ozawa
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shuichi Okada
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Masanobu Yamada
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
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15
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Gambioli R, Forte G, Buzzaccarini G, Unfer V, Laganà AS. Myo-Inositol as a Key Supporter of Fertility and Physiological Gestation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060504. [PMID: 34070701 PMCID: PMC8227031 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a complex process, featuring several necessary changes in women’s physiology. Most women undergo healthy pregnancies; even so, several women experience reduced fertility or pathologies related to the pregnancy. In the last years, researchers investigated several molecules as promoters of fertility. Among all, myo-inositol (myo-ins) represents a safe compound that proved useful in issues related to fertility and pregnancy. In fact, myo-ins participates in several signaling processes, including the pathways of insulin and gonadotropins, and, therefore, it is likely to positively affect fertility. In particular, several clinical trials demonstrate that its administration can have therapeutic effects in infertile women, and that it can also be useful as a preventive treatment during pregnancy. Particularly, myo-ins could prevent the onset of neural tube defects and the occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus, promoting a trouble-free gestation. Due to the safety and efficiency of myo-ins, such a treatment may also substitute several pharmaceuticals, which are contraindicated in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gianpiero Forte
- R&D Department, Lo.Li. Pharma, 00156 Rome, Italy; (R.G.); (G.F.)
| | - Giovanni Buzzaccarini
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Women and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Vittorio Unfer
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI), 00161 Rome, Italy;
- System Biology Group Lab, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI), 00161 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Filippo Del Ponte” Hospital, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
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16
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Liang J, Oyang L, Rao S, Han Y, Luo X, Yi P, Lin J, Xia L, Hu J, Tan S, Tang L, Pan Q, Tang Y, Zhou Y, Liao Q. Rac1, A Potential Target for Tumor Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:674426. [PMID: 34079763 PMCID: PMC8165220 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.674426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RAS-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac.1) is one of the important members of Rho GTPases. It is well known that Rac1 is a cytoskeleton regulation protein that regulates cell adhesion, morphology, and movement. Rac1 is highly expressed in different types of tumors, which is related to poor prognosis. Studies have shown that Rac1 not only participates in the tumor cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, migration and angiogenesis, but also participates in the regulation of tumor stem cell, thus promoting the occurrence of tumors. Rac1 also plays a key role in anti-tumor therapy and participates in immune escape mediated by the tumor microenvironment. In addition, the good prospects of Rac1 inhibitors in cancer prevention and treatment are exciting. Therefore, Rac1 is considered as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of cancer. The necessity and importance of Rac1 are obvious, but it still needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Liang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linda Oyang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shan Rao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaqian Han
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pin Yi
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinguan Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Longzheng Xia
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaqi Hu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shiming Tan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qing Pan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Wound Healing in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Wound Healing in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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17
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Xiao L, Zhang X, Chen Z, Li Y, Li B, Li L. ERK1/2 Pathway Is Involved in the Enhancement of Fatty Acids from Phaeodactylum tricornutum Extract (PTE) on Hair Follicle Cell Proliferation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2916104. [PMID: 33178821 PMCID: PMC7648671 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2916104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Extractions from Phaeodactylum tricornutum have been widely studied and evaluated to various biological effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the promotional effect of P. tricornutum extract (PTE) on the ERK1/2 signaling pathway involved in hair follicle cell proliferation. In order to illuminate the enhancement of PTE on hair growth by promoting proliferation of hair follicle cells, the activities of human hair follicle outer root sheath cell (HFORSC), human hair follicle germinal matrix cells (HFGMC), and hair epithelial melanocytes (HEM) were observed under PET treatment. Levels of keratins, PKCζ, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK in hair follicle cells were determined by Western blotting to illustrate the mechanisms of PTE effects on hair growth. Analyzed by GC-MS, the main polyunsaturated fatty acids which were 9.43% of total fatty acids in PTE were linolenic acid, linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. Melanin content and tyrosinase activity in HEM were measured. The results showed that PTE exhibited remarkable enhancement on cell proliferation. Melanin production was inhibited by PTE treatment, while keratin-14, keratin-15, and keratin-17 levels on hair follicle cells were elevated at different concentrations. The promotions of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK levels indicated that the ERK1/2 signaling pathway is involved in the proliferation of hair follicle cells. These results are the evidence that PTE potentially deserves further study as a new natural candidate for hair care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xiao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Infinitus (China) Co., China
| | - Xia Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhiyi Chen
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Yuting Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, College Road 1, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, College Road 1, Dongguan 523808, China
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18
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Staal J, Driege Y, Haegman M, Kreike M, Iliaki S, Vanneste D, Lork M, Afonina IS, Braun H, Beyaert R. Defining the combinatorial space of PKC::CARD‐CC signal transduction nodes. FEBS J 2020; 288:1630-1647. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Staal
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- Center for Inflammation Research Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation VIB Ghent Belgium
| | - Yasmine Driege
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- Center for Inflammation Research Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation VIB Ghent Belgium
| | - Mira Haegman
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- Center for Inflammation Research Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation VIB Ghent Belgium
| | - Marja Kreike
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- Center for Inflammation Research Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation VIB Ghent Belgium
| | - Styliani Iliaki
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- Center for Inflammation Research Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation VIB Ghent Belgium
| | - Domien Vanneste
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- Center for Inflammation Research Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation VIB Ghent Belgium
| | - Marie Lork
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- Center for Inflammation Research Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation VIB Ghent Belgium
| | - Inna S. Afonina
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- Center for Inflammation Research Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation VIB Ghent Belgium
| | - Harald Braun
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- Center for Inflammation Research Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation VIB Ghent Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- Center for Inflammation Research Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation VIB Ghent Belgium
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19
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ESM-1 Overexpression is Involved in Increased Tumorigenesis of Radiotherapy-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061363. [PMID: 32466580 PMCID: PMC7352712 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The key barrier to the effectiveness of radiotherapy remains the radioresistance of breast cancer cells, resulting in increased tumor recurrence and metastasis. Thus, in this study, we aimed to clarify the difference between radiotherapy-resistant (RT-R) breast cancer (BC) and BC, and accordingly, analyzed gene expression levels between radiotherapy-resistant (RT-R) MDA-MB-231 cells and MDA-MB-231 cells. Gene expression array showed that ESM-1 was the most upregulated in RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells compared to MDA-MB-231 cells. Then, we aimed to investigate the role of ESM-1 in the increased tumorigenesis of RT-R-BC cells. RT-R-MDA-MB-231, which showed an increased expression level of ESM1, exhibited significantly enhanced proliferation, colony forming ability, migration, and invasion compared to MDA-MB-231 cells, and ESM-1 knockdown effectively reversed these effects. In addition, compared to MDA-MB-231 cells, RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells displayed improved adhesion to endothelial cells (ECs) due to the induction of adhesion molecules and increased MMP-9 activity and VEGF-A production, which were decreased by ESM-1 knockdown. Moreover, the expression of HIF-1α and activation of NF-κB and STAT-3 were increased in RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells compared to MDA-MB-231 cells, and these effects were abolished by the knockdown of ESM-1. Finally, we confirmed the role of ESM-1 in tumorigenesis in an in vivo mouse model. Tumor volume, lung metastasis, and tumorigenic molecules (VEGF-A, HIF-1α, MMP-9, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and phospho-NF-κB and phospho-STAT-3) were significantly induced in mice injected with ESM-1-overexpressing 4T1 cells and greatly enhanced in those injected with ESM-1-overexpressing RT-R-4T1 cells. Taken together, these results suggest for the first time that ESM-1 plays a critical role in tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells, especially RT-R-breast cancer cells, through the induction of cell proliferation and invasion.
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20
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Tavsan Z, Kayali HA. Protein Kinase C regulates the complex between cell membrane molecules in ovarian cancer. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Patel R, Islam SA, Bommareddy RR, Smalley T, Acevedo-Duncan M. Simultaneous inhibition of atypical protein kinase‑C and mTOR impedes bladder cancer cell progression. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:1373-1386. [PMID: 32236625 PMCID: PMC7170046 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite enormous scientific advancements in cancer treatment, there is a need for research to combat cancer, particularly bladder cancer. Drugs once proved to be effective in treating bladder cancer have shown reduced efficacy; hence, the cancer recurrence rate is increasing. To overcome this situation, several strategies have been considered, including the development of novel active drugs or modification of existing therapeutic regimens by combining two or more existing drugs. In recent years, atypical protein kinase Cs (PKCs), phospholipid-dependent serine/threonine kinases, have been considered as a central regulator of various cancer-associated signaling pathways, and they control cell cycle progression, tumorigenesis and metastasis. Additionally, the biologically crucial mTOR signaling pathway is altered in numerous types of cancer, including bladder cancer. Furthermore, despite independent activation, atypical PKC signaling can be triggered by mTOR. The present study examined whether the concurrent inhibition of atypical PKCs and mTOR using a combination of novel atypical PKC inhibitors (ICA-I, an inhibitor of PKC-ι; or ζ-Stat, an inhibitor of PKC-ζ) and rapamycin blocks bladder cancer progression. In the present study, healthy bladder MC-SV-HUCT2 and bladder cancer TCCSUP cells were tested and subjected to a WST1 assay, western blot analysis, immunoprecipitation, a scratch wound healing assay, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analyses. The results revealed that the combination therapy induced a reduction in human bladder cancer cell viability compared with control and individual atypical PKC inhibitor and rapamycin treatment. Additionally, the concurrent inhibition of atypical PKCs and mTOR retards the migration of bladder cancer cells. These findings indicated that the administration of atypical PKC inhibitors together with rapamycin could be a useful therapeutic option in treating bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Patel
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Sm Anisul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | | | - Tracess Smalley
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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22
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Kotelevets L, Chastre E. Rac1 Signaling: From Intestinal Homeostasis to Colorectal Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030665. [PMID: 32178475 PMCID: PMC7140047 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase Rac1 has been implicated in a variety of dynamic cell biological processes, including cell proliferation, cell survival, cell-cell contacts, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell motility, and invasiveness. These processes are orchestrated through the fine tuning of Rac1 activity by upstream cell surface receptors and effectors that regulate the cycling Rac1-GDP (off state)/Rac1-GTP (on state), but also through the tuning of Rac1 accumulation, activity, and subcellular localization by post translational modifications or recruitment into molecular scaffolds. Another level of regulation involves Rac1 transcripts stability and splicing. Downstream, Rac1 initiates a series of signaling networks, including regulatory complex of actin cytoskeleton remodeling, activation of protein kinases (PAKs, MAPKs) and transcription factors (NFkB, Wnt/β-catenin/TCF, STAT3, Snail), production of reactive oxygen species (NADPH oxidase holoenzymes, mitochondrial ROS). Thus, this GTPase, its regulators, and effector systems might be involved at different steps of the neoplastic progression from dysplasia to the metastatic cascade. After briefly placing Rac1 and its effector systems in the more general context of intestinal homeostasis and in wound healing after intestinal injury, the present review mainly focuses on the several levels of Rac1 signaling pathway dysregulation in colorectal carcinogenesis, their biological significance, and their clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Kotelevets
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Site Bâtiment Kourilsky, 75012 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (E.C.)
| | - Eric Chastre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Site Bâtiment Kourilsky, 75012 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (E.C.)
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Smalley T, Metcalf R, Patel R, Islam SMA, Bommareddy RR, Acevedo-Duncan M. The Atypical Protein Kinase C Small Molecule Inhibitor ζ-Stat, and Its Effects on Invasion Through Decreases in PKC-ζ Protein Expression. Front Oncol 2020; 10:209. [PMID: 32175276 PMCID: PMC7056911 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is estimated to reach 22,530 diagnoses and cause 13,980 cancer deaths per year. The most common histology diagnosed of ovarian cancer is epithelial ovarian carcinomas (EOC). An aggressive epithelial subtype is clear cell ovarian carcinoma (CCOC) and is characterized as a non-serous ovarian cancer. Protein kinase C (PKC) is an enzymatic family of proteins that have been found to be a component in cancer progression, tissue invasion, and metastasis. The atypical PKC (aPKC) isoforms, PKC-ι and PKC-ζ, have been suggested to participate in the increased proliferation of ovarian cancers. Previous studies have indicated that novel aPKC inhibitors ICA-1S and ζ-Stat decreased the migratory behaviors of colorectal cancer cells and were selective for PKC-ι/λ and PKC-ζ, respectively. The aims of this investigation were to further determine the binding mechanisms of ζ-Stat, expand on the tissue range of these compounds, investigate the therapeutic potential of ζ-Stat in CCOC, and to illustrate the disruption of invasion via the PKC-ζ signaling cascade. The methods utilized were molecular docking and virtual target screening, Western blot analysis, end-point PCR, GST pull down, cell viability and invasion and migration assays. We discovered that the small molecule inhibitor, ζ-Stat, is a prospective drug candidate to investigate as a novel potential treatment for CCOC. We also found that the PKC-ζ/Ect2/Rac1 activation pathway was decreased by ζ-Stat, which in turn decreased invasive behavior of CCOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracess Smalley
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Rainer Metcalf
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Rekha Patel
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - S M Anisul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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Atypical Protein Kinase-C inhibitors exhibit a synergistic effect in facilitating DNA damaging effect of 5-fluorouracil in colorectal cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 121:109665. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Aljagthmi AA, Hill NT, Cooke M, Kazanietz MG, Abba MC, Long W, Kadakia MP. ΔNp63α suppresses cells invasion by downregulating PKCγ/Rac1 signaling through miR-320a. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:680. [PMID: 31515469 PMCID: PMC6742631 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1921-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
ΔNp63α, a member of the p53 family of transcription factors, is overexpressed in a number of cancers and plays a role in proliferation, differentiation, migration, and invasion. ΔNp63α has been shown to regulate several microRNAs that are involved in development and cancer. We identified miRNA miR-320a as a positively regulated target of ΔNp63α. Previous studies have shown that miR-320a is downregulated in colorectal cancer and targets the small GTPase Rac1, leading to a reduction in noncanonical WNT signaling and EMT, thereby inhibiting tumor metastasis and invasion. We showed that miR-320a is a direct target of ΔNp63α. Knockdown of ΔNp63α in HaCaT and A431 cells downregulates miR-320a levels and leads to a corresponding elevation in PKCγ transcript and protein levels. Rac1 phosphorylation at Ser71 was increased in the absence of ΔNp63α, whereas overexpression of ΔNp63α reversed S71 phosphorylation of Rac1. Moreover, increased PKCγ levels, Rac1 phosphorylation and cell invasion observed upon knockdown of ΔNp63α was reversed by either overexpressing miR-320a mimic or Rac1 silencing. Finally, silencing PKCγ or treatment with the PKC inhibitor Gö6976 reversed increased Rac1 phosphorylation and cell invasion observed upon silencing ΔNp63α. Taken together, our data suggest that ΔNp63α positively regulates miR-320a, thereby inhibiting PKCγ expression, Rac1 phosphorylation, and cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad A Aljagthmi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Natasha T Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Mariana Cooke
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Marcelo G Kazanietz
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Martín C Abba
- Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CP1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Weiwen Long
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Madhavi P Kadakia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.
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LINC00460 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma development through sponging miR-485-5p to up-regulate PAK1. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109213. [PMID: 31376654 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
LncRNAs can function as significant regulators of tumor development. However, their roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain poorly investigated. LINC00460 has been identified in several cancers, which can act as an oncogene. In this study, we observed that LINC00460 was significantly up-regulated in HCC cells, which implied that LINC00460 was involved in HCC development. Then, LINC00460 was silenced in Hep3B and Huh-7 cells and we found that knockdown of LINC00460 greatly inhibited HCC cell proliferation. In addition, HCC cell apoptosis was induced and meanwhile, cell cycle progression was blocked by down-regulation of LINC00460 in vitro. Furthermore, we proved that Hep3B and Huh-7 cell migration and invasion capacity was repressed by decrease of LINC00460. Recently, a growing number of studies have indicated the correlation between lncRNAs and microRNAs. Currently, we displayed that miR-485-5p was greatly decreased in HCC cells and LINC00460 could sponge miR-485-5p to regulate HCC progression. The binding association between LINC00460 and miR-485-5p was confirmed using dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA pulled down and RIP assay in our research. Subsequently, PAK1 was predicted as a downstream target of miR-485-5p and we demonstrated that miR-485-5p suppressed PAK1 levels in vitro. Finally, in vivo experiments were conducted to validate that knockdown of LINC00460 repressed HCC development through modulating miR-485-5p to increase PAK1. Taken these together, we indicated that LINC00460 promoted HCC progression through sponging miR-485-5p and up-regulating PAK1.
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Smalley T, Islam SMA, Apostolatos C, Apostolatos A, Acevedo-Duncan M. Analysis of PKC-ζ protein levels in normal and malignant breast tissue subtypes. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:1537-1546. [PMID: 30675210 PMCID: PMC6341665 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that breast cancer will be the second leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in women in 2018. Previous research has demonstrated that the atypical protein kinase C-ζ (PKC-ζ) is a component of numerous dysregulated pathways in breast cancer, including cellular proliferation, survival, and cell cycle upregulation. The present study investigated the PKC-ζ protein in breast tissue to evaluate its potential as a biomarker for breast cancer invasion, and demonstrated that an overexpression of PKC-ζ protein can be indicative of carcinogenesis. The present study analyzed the expression of PKC-ζ in individuals with no tumor complications and malignant female human breast tissue samples (lobular carcinoma in situ, invasive lobular carcinoma, ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma) with the use of western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry and statistical analysis (83 samples). The present study also evaluated the invasive behavior of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells following the knockdown of PKC-ζ with a Transwell invasion assay and an immunofluorescent probe for filamentous actin (F-actin) organization. The data demonstrated that PKC-ζ expression was identified to be higher in invading tissues when compared with non-invading tissues. The results also suggest that PKC-ζ is more abundant in ductal tissues when compared with lobular tissues. In addition, the protein studies also suggest that PKC-ζ is a component for invasive behavior through the Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) and Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) pathway, and PKC-ζ is required for the F-actin reorganization in invasive cells. Therefore, PKC-ζ should be considered to be a biomarker in the development of breast cancer as well as an indicator of invading tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracess Smalley
- Department of Chemistry, The University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - S M Anisul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, The University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | | | - André Apostolatos
- Department of Chemistry, The University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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Gao T, Li M, Mu G, Hou T, Zhu WG, Yang Y. PKCζ Phosphorylates SIRT6 to Mediate Fatty Acid β-Oxidation in Colon Cancer Cells. Neoplasia 2018; 21:61-73. [PMID: 30504065 PMCID: PMC6277223 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) has critical roles in regulating lipid anabolism and catabolism. PKCζ, a member of atypical PKC family, has been reported to mediate glucose metabolism. However, whether and how PKCζ regulates tumor cells fatty acid β-oxidation are unknown. Here, we report that the phosphorylation of SIRT6 is significantly increased after palmitic acid (PA) treatment in colon cancer cells. PKCζ can physically interact with SIRT6 in vitro and in vivo, and this interaction enhances following PA treatment. Further experiments show that PKCζ is the phosphorylase of SIRT6 and phosphorylates SIRT6 at threonine 294 residue to promote SIRT6 enrichment on chromatin. In the functional study, we find that the expression of ACSL1, CPT1, CACT, and HADHB, the genes related to fatty acid β-oxidation, increases after PA stimulation. We further confirm that PKCζ mediates the binding of SIRT6 specifically to the promoters of fatty acid β-oxidation–related genes and elicits the expression of these genes through SIRT6 phosphorylation. Our findings demonstrate the mechanism of PKCζ as a new phosphorylase of SIRT6 on maintaining tumor fatty acid β-oxidation and define the new role of PKCζ in lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Meiting Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guanqun Mu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tianyun Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 516080, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
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Islam SMA, Patel R, Bommareddy RR, Khalid KM, Acevedo-Duncan M. The modulation of actin dynamics via atypical Protein Kinase-C activated Cofilin regulates metastasis of colorectal cancer cells. Cell Adh Migr 2018; 13:106-120. [PMID: 30417717 PMCID: PMC6527392 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2018.1546513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the United States. The exact mechanism of CRC cells metastasis is poorly understood. Actin polymerization is thought to be an initial step in the cancer cell motility cycle which drives the formation of cell protrusions and defines the direction of migration. Cofilin, a significant actin-regulating molecule, regulates the migration of cancer cells by the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia, however, little is known about the upstream regulation of cofilin. In this study, the effect of atypical Protein Kinase C (atypical PKC) on Cofilin activity in CRC was studied. This study demonstrates that the atypical PKC inhibition impedes the metastasis of CRC cells by increasing phospho-Cofilin (S3) and changing actin organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Anisul Islam
- a Department of Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Rekha Patel
- a Department of Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
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