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Optimized Antimicrobial Peptide Jelleine-I Derivative Br-J-I Inhibits Fusobacterium Nucleatum to Suppress Colorectal Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021469. [PMID: 36674985 PMCID: PMC9865857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health burden worldwide due to its high morbidity, mortality, and complex etiology. Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), a Gram-negative anaerobe found in 30% of CRC patients, promotes CRC carcinogenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Effective antimicrobial treatment is an unmet need for the rising CRC burden. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a new class of antimicrobial drugs. In our previous study, we did the structure-activity study of Jelleine-I (J-I) and identified several halogenated J-I derivatives Cl-J-I, Br-J-I, and I-J-I. To determine whether those J-I derivatives can be a new therapy for bacterial-associated CRC, here we tested the antibacterial activities of these AMPs against Fn and their effects on CRC development. We found that Br-J-I showed the highest anti-Fn activity and Br-J-I may target membrane-associated FadA for Fn membrane disruption. More importantly, Fn promoted the growth of CRC cells-derived xenograft tumors. Br-J-I suppressed Fn load, colon inflammation, and Fn-induced CRC growth. Of note, Br-J-I induced better anti-CRC effects than common antibiotic metronidazole and Br-J-I sensitized the cancer-killing effect of chemotherapy drug 5-fluorouracil. These results suggest that Br-J-I could be considered as an adjunctive agent for CRC treatment and AMPs-based combination treatment is a new strategy for CRC in the future.
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S100 Proteins as Novel Therapeutic Targets in Psoriasis and Other Autoimmune Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196640. [PMID: 36235175 PMCID: PMC9572071 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is one of the most common inflammatory skin diseases affecting about 1-3% of the population. One of the characteristic abnormalities in psoriasis is the excessive production of antimicrobial peptides and proteins, which play an essential role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Antimicrobial peptides and proteins can be expressed differently in normal and diseased skin, reflecting their usefulness as diagnostic biomarkers. Moreover, due to their very important functions in innate immunity, members of host defense peptides and proteins are currently considered to be promising new therapeutic targets for many inflammatory diseases. Koebnerisin (S100A15) belongs to an S100 family of antimicrobial proteins, which constitute the multigenetic group of calcium-binding proteins involved in ion-dependent cellular functions and regulation of immune mechanisms. S100A15 was first discovered to be overexpressed in 'koebnerized' psoriatic skin, indicating its involvement in the disease phenotype and the same promising potential as a new therapeutic target. This review describes the involvement of antimicrobial peptides and proteins in inflammatory diseases' development and therapy. The discussion focuses on S100 proteins, especially koebnerisin, which may be involved in the underlying mechanism of the Köebner phenomenon in psoriasis, as well as other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases described in the last decade.
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3
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Franco AR, Pirraco R, Fernandes EM, Rodrigues F, Leonor IB, Kaplan DL, Reis RL. Untangling the biological and inflammatory behavior of silk-like sutures In vivo. Biomaterials 2022; 290:121829. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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4
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Kim H, Yoo YD, Lee GY. Identification of Bacterial Membrane Selectivity of Romo1-Derived Antimicrobial Peptide AMPR-22 via Molecular Dynamics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137404. [PMID: 35806412 PMCID: PMC9266825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The abuse or misuse of antibiotics has caused the emergence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacteria, rendering most antibiotics ineffective and increasing the mortality rate of patients with bacteremia or sepsis. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are proposed to overcome this problem; however, many AMPs have attenuated antimicrobial activities with hemolytic toxicity in blood. Recently, AMPR-11 and its optimized derivative, AMPR-22, were reported to be potential candidates for the treatment of sepsis with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and low hemolytic toxicity. Here, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to clarify the mechanism of lower hemolytic toxicity and higher efficacy of AMPR-22 at an atomic level. We found four polar residues in AMPR-11 bound to a model mimicking the bacterial inner/outer membranes preferentially over eukaryotic plasma membrane. AMPR-22 whose polar residues were replaced by lysine showed a 2-fold enhanced binding affinity to the bacterial membrane by interacting with bacterial specific lipids (lipid A or cardiolipin) via hydrogen bonds. The MD simulations were confirmed experimentally in models that partially mimic bacteremia conditions in vitro and ex vivo. The present study demonstrates why AMPR-22 showed low hemolytic toxicity and this approach using an MD simulation would be helpful in the development of AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Young Do Yoo
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Correspondence: (Y.D.Y.); (G.Y.L.)
| | - Gi Young Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.D.Y.); (G.Y.L.)
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5
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Svenson J, Molchanova N, Schroeder CI. Antimicrobial Peptide Mimics for Clinical Use: Does Size Matter? Front Immunol 2022; 13:915368. [PMID: 35720375 PMCID: PMC9204644 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.915368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for efficient antimicrobial therapies that can alleviate suffering caused by infections from resistant bacteria is more urgent than ever before. Infections caused by multi-resistant pathogens represent a significant and increasing burden to healthcare and society and researcher are investigating new classes of bioactive compounds to slow down this development. Antimicrobial peptides from the innate immune system represent one promising class that offers a potential solution to the antibiotic resistance problem due to their mode of action on the microbial membranes. However, challenges associated with pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and off-target toxicity are slowing down the advancement and use of innate defensive peptides. Improving the therapeutic properties of these peptides is a strategy for reducing the clinical limitations and synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides are emerging as a promising class of molecules for a variety of antimicrobial applications. These compounds can be made significantly shorter while maintaining, or even improving antimicrobial properties, and several downsized synthetic mimics are now in clinical development for a range of infectious diseases. A variety of strategies can be employed to prepare these small compounds and this review describes the different compounds developed to date by adhering to a minimum pharmacophore based on an amphiphilic balance between cationic charge and hydrophobicity. These compounds can be made as small as dipeptides, circumventing the need for large compounds with elaborate three-dimensional structures to generate simplified and potent antimicrobial mimics for a range of medical applications. This review highlight key and recent development in the field of small antimicrobial peptide mimics as a promising class of antimicrobials, illustrating just how small you can go.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Molchanova
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Christina I. Schroeder
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
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6
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Chang CH, Chang CH, Yang YW, Chen HY, Yang SJ, Yao WC, Chao CY. Quaternized Amphiphilic Block Copolymers as Antimicrobial Agents. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:250. [PMID: 35054658 PMCID: PMC8781064 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel polystyrene-block-quaternized polyisoprene amphipathic block copolymer (PS-b-PIN) is derived from anionic polymerization. Quaternized polymers are prepared through post-quaternization on a functionalized polymer side chain. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of quaternized polymers without red blood cell (RBCs) hemolysis can be controlled by block composition, side chain length, and polymer morphology. The solvent environment is highly related to the polymer morphology, forming micelles or other structures. The polymersome formation would decrease the hemolysis and increase the electron density or quaternized groups density as previous research and our experiment revealed. Herein, the PS-b-PIN with N,N-dimethyldodecylamine as side chain would form a polymersome structure in the aqueous solution to display the best inhibiting bacterial growth efficiency without hemolytic effect. Therefore, the different single-chain quaternized groups play an important role in the antibacterial action, and act as a controllable factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, National Taiwan University Hospital Jin-Shan Branch, No. 7, Yulu Rd., Wuhu Village, Jinshan Dist., New Taipei City 20844, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Hung Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, No. 21, Section 2, Nanya S. Road, Banciao Dist., New Taipei City 220, Taiwan;
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, No. 135, Yuan-Tung Road, Chuang-Li Dist., Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Yang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung Shan S. Rd., Taipei 10002, Taiwan;
| | - Hsuan-Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Shu-Jyuan Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Cheng Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, No. 168, Ching-Kuo Rd., Taoyuan 330, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Yang Chao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Chee PL, Owh C, Venkatesh M, Periayah MH, Zhang Z, Michelle Yew PY, Ruan H, Lakshminarayanan R, Kai D, Loh XJ. Cationic Lignin-Based Hyperbranched Polymers to Circumvent Drug Resistance in Pseudomonas Keratitis. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4659-4668. [PMID: 34414768 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The rise of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria strains has been a global public health concern due to their ability to cause increased patient morbidity and a greater burden on the healthcare system. As one of the potential solutions to overcome such bacterial infections, hyperbranched copolymers with cationic charges were developed. These copolymers were assessed for their antimicrobial efficacy and their bactericidal mechanisms. They were found to be potent against mobile colistin-resistant 1 strains, which was significant as colistin is known to be the last-resort antibiotic against Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, there was no sign of mutational resistance developed by E. Coli ATCC 25922 and MCR 1+ E. Coli against the copolymer even up to 20 passages. The ability to evade inducing resistance would provide invaluable insights for future antibiotic development. Our studies suggest that the bactericidal efficacy comes from the ability to target the outer membrane efficaciously. In vivo study using a Pseudomonas keratitis model showed that the copolymer was compatible with the eye and further supported that the copolymer treatment was effective for complete bacteria elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Lin Chee
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Cally Owh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Mayandi Venkatesh
- Ocular Infections & Anti-Microbials Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Mercy Halleluyah Periayah
- Ocular Infections & Anti-Microbials Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Pek Yin Michelle Yew
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Huajun Ruan
- Zhejiang Fenix Health Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Zhejiang 176849, China
| | - Rajamani Lakshminarayanan
- Ocular Infections & Anti-Microbials Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Dan Kai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
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8
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Jiang Y, Chen Y, Song Z, Tan Z, Cheng J. Recent advances in design of antimicrobial peptides and polypeptides toward clinical translation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 170:261-280. [PMID: 33400958 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The recent outbreaks of infectious diseases caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens have sounded a piercing alarm for the need of new effective antimicrobial agents to guard public health. Among different types of candidates, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and the synthetic mimics of AMPs (SMAMPs) have attracted significant enthusiasm in the past thirty years, due to their unique membrane-active antimicrobial mechanism and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. The extensive research has brought many drug candidates into clinical and pre-clinical development. Despite tremendous progresses have been made, several major challenges inherent to current design strategies have slowed down the clinical translational development of AMPs and SMAMPs. However, these challenges also triggered many efforts to redesign and repurpose AMPs. In this review, we will first give an overview on AMPs and their synthetic mimics, and then discuss the current status of their clinical translation. Finally, the recent advances in redesign and repurposing AMPs and SMAMPs are highlighted.
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9
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Gao F, Shao T, Yu Y, Xiong Y, Yang L. Surface-bound reactive oxygen species generating nanozymes for selective antibacterial action. Nat Commun 2021; 12:745. [PMID: 33531505 PMCID: PMC7854635 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20965-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acting by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in situ, nanozymes are promising as antimicrobials. ROS' intrinsic inability to distinguish bacteria from mammalian cells, however, deprives nanozymes of the selectivity necessary for an ideal antimicrobial. Here we report that nanozymes that generate surface-bound ROS selectively kill bacteria over mammalian cells. This result is robust across three distinct nanozymes that universally generate surface-bound ROS, with an oxidase-like silver-palladium bimetallic alloy nanocage, AgPd0.38, being the lead model. The selectivity is attributable to both the surface-bound nature of ROS these nanozymes generate and an unexpected antidote role of endocytosis. Though surface-bound, the ROS on AgPd0.38 efficiently eliminated antibiotic-resistant bacteria and effectively delayed the onset of bacterial resistance emergence. When used as coating additives, AgPd0.38 enabled an inert substrate to inhibit biofilm formation and suppress infection-related immune responses in mouse models. This work opens an avenue toward biocompatible nanozymes and may have implication in our fight against antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tianyi Shao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yunpeng Yu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yujie Xiong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Lihua Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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10
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Huan Y, Kong Q, Mou H, Yi H. Antimicrobial Peptides: Classification, Design, Application and Research Progress in Multiple Fields. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:582779. [PMID: 33178164 PMCID: PMC7596191 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.582779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 593] [Impact Index Per Article: 148.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of small peptides that widely exist in nature and they are an important part of the innate immune system of different organisms. AMPs have a wide range of inhibitory effects against bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and the increasing of concerns about the use of antibiotics resulted in the development of AMPs, which have a good application prospect in medicine, food, animal husbandry, agriculture and aquaculture. This review introduces the progress of research on AMPs comprehensively and systematically, including their classification, mechanism of action, design methods, environmental factors affecting their activity, application status, prospects in various fields and problems to be solved. The research progress on antivirus peptides, especially anti-coronavirus (COVID-19) peptides, has been introduced given the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide in 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qing Kong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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11
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Antimicrobial Polymer with Enhanced Activity and Reduced Toxicity upon Grafting to Chitosan Oligosaccharide. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-019-04260-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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12
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Franco AR, Fernandes EM, Rodrigues MT, Rodrigues FJ, Gomes ME, Leonor IB, Kaplan DL, Reis RL. Antimicrobial coating of spider silk to prevent bacterial attachment on silk surgical sutures. Acta Biomater 2019; 99:236-246. [PMID: 31505301 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbial infections from post-surgery or other medical-related procedure is a serious health problem. Nowadays, the research is focused on the development of new drug-free materials with antibacterial properties to prevent or minimize the risk of infections. Spider silk is known for its unique biomechanical properties allied with biocompatibility. Recombinant DNA technology allows to bioengineering spider silk with antimicrobial peptides (AMP). Thus, our goal was to bioengineered spider silk proteins with AMP (6mer-HNP1) as an antibacterial drug-free coating for commercial silk sutures (Perma-Hand®) for decreasing bacterial infections. Perma-Hand® sutures were coated with 6mer-HNP1 by dip coating. In vitro tests, using human fetal lung fibroblasts (MRC5), showed that coated sutures sustained cell viability, and also, the contact with red blood cells (RBCs) demonstrate blood compatibility. Also, the coatings inhibited significantly the adherence and formation of biofilm, where sutures coated with 6mer-HNP1 produced a 1.5 log reduction of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and a 2 log reduction of Escherichia coli (E. coli) compared to the uncoated Perma-Hand® suture. The mechanical properties of Perma-Hand® sutures were not affected by the presence of bioengineered spider silk proteins. Thus, the present work demonstrated that using spider silk drug-free coatings it is possible to improve the antibacterial properties of the commercial sutures. Furthermore, a new class of drug-free sutures for reducing post-implantation infections can be developed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Microbial infections from post-surgery or other medical-related procedure is a serious health problem. Developing new drug-free materials with antibacterial properties is an approach to prevent or minimize the risk of infections. Spider silk is known for its unique biomechanical properties allied with biocompatibility. Recombinant DNA technology allow to bioengineering spider silk with antimicrobial peptides (AMP). Our goal is bioengineered spider silk proteins with AMP as an antibacterial coating for silk sutures. The coatings showed exceptional antibacterial properties and maintained intrinsic mechanical features. In vitro studies showed a positive effect of the coated sutures on the cell behavior. With this new drug-free bioengineered spider silk coating is possible to develop a new class of drug-free sutures for reducing post-implantation infections.
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Andrén OCJ, Ingverud T, Hult D, Håkansson J, Bogestål Y, Caous JS, Blom K, Zhang Y, Andersson T, Pedersen E, Björn C, Löwenhielm P, Malkoch M. Antibiotic-Free Cationic Dendritic Hydrogels as Surgical-Site-Infection-Inhibiting Coatings. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801619. [PMID: 30735288 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A non-toxic hydrolytically fast-degradable antibacterial hydrogel is herein presented to preemptively treat surgical site infections during the first crucial 24 h period without relying on conventional antibiotics. The approach capitalizes on a two-component system that form antibacterial hydrogels within 1 min and consist of i) an amine functional linear-dendritic hybrid based on linear poly(ethylene glycol) and dendritic 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid, and ii) a di-N-hydroxysuccinimide functional poly(ethylene glycol) cross-linker. Broad spectrum antibacterial effect is achieved by multivalent representation of catatonically charged β-alanine on the dendritic periphery of the linear dendritic component. The hydrogels can be applied readily in an in vivo setting using a two-component syringe delivery system and the mechanical properties can accurately be tuned in the range equivalent to fat tissue and cartilage (G' = 0.5-8 kPa). The antibacterial effect is demonstrated both in vitro toward a range of relevant bacterial strains and in an in vivo mouse model of surgical site infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver C. J. Andrén
- Division of Coating TechnologyDepartment of Fibre and Polymer TechnologySchool of Chemistry, Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of Technology SE‐100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Tobias Ingverud
- Division of Coating TechnologyDepartment of Fibre and Polymer TechnologySchool of Chemistry, Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of Technology SE‐100 44 Stockholm Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science CenterDepartment of Fibre and Polymer TechnologySchool of Chemistry, Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of Technology SE‐100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Daniel Hult
- Division of Coating TechnologyDepartment of Fibre and Polymer TechnologySchool of Chemistry, Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of Technology SE‐100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Joakim Håkansson
- RISE Research Institutes of SwedenDivision Biosciences and MaterialsSection for Medical Device Technology Box 857 50115 Borås Sweden
| | - Yalda Bogestål
- RISE Research Institutes of SwedenDivision Biosciences and MaterialsSection for Medical Device Technology Box 857 50115 Borås Sweden
| | - Josefin S. Caous
- RISE Research Institutes of SwedenDivision Biosciences and MaterialsSection for Medical Device Technology Box 857 50115 Borås Sweden
| | | | - Yuning Zhang
- Division of Coating TechnologyDepartment of Fibre and Polymer TechnologySchool of Chemistry, Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of Technology SE‐100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Therese Andersson
- RISE Research Institutes of SwedenDivision Biosciences and MaterialsSection for Medical Device Technology Box 857 50115 Borås Sweden
| | - Emma Pedersen
- RISE Research Institutes of SwedenDivision Biosciences and MaterialsSection for Medical Device Technology Box 857 50115 Borås Sweden
| | - Camilla Björn
- RISE Research Institutes of SwedenDivision Biosciences and MaterialsSection for Medical Device Technology Box 857 50115 Borås Sweden
| | - Peter Löwenhielm
- RISE Research Institutes of SwedenDivision Biosciences and MaterialsSection for Medical Device Technology Box 857 50115 Borås Sweden
| | - Michael Malkoch
- Division of Coating TechnologyDepartment of Fibre and Polymer TechnologySchool of Chemistry, Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of Technology SE‐100 44 Stockholm Sweden
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14
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Conjugates and nano-delivery of antimicrobial peptides for enhancing therapeutic activity. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Nair SS, Zolotarskaya OY, Beckwith MJ, Ohman DE, Wynne KJ. A Polycation Antimicrobial Peptide Mimic without Resistance Buildup against Propionibacterium Acnes. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17. [PMID: 28605136 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A preliminary study is reported for a polycation antimicrobial peptide (AMP) mimic against Propionibacterium acnes, which is associated with acne vulgaris, a common skin condition. Antibiotics are commonly used against P. acnes but buildup of resistance is well-known. Worse, antibiotic regimens build up resistance for more sensitive bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermidis. The polycation AMP mimic C12-50, 1, is chosen for the present study as it has been previously shown to have high antimicrobial effectiveness. This study reports that C12-50 is active against P. acnes (strain ATCC 6919) with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 6.3 µg mL-1 . To monitor resistance build-up ten passages are conducted with C12-50 against P. acnes. The MIC remains constant with no resistance buildup. Parallel studies with erythromycin confirm previously reported resistance buildup. The results point to a promising pathway to applications for polycation AMP mimics against P. acnes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sithara S Nair
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - Olga Y Zolotarskaya
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - Matthew J Beckwith
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - Dennis E Ohman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, VCU School of Medicine, 1101 East Marshall Street, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.,McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, 23249, USA
| | - Kenneth J Wynne
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
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16
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17
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Lyu Y, Yang X, Goswami S, Gorityala BK, Idowu T, Domalaon R, Zhanel GG, Shan A, Schweizer F. Amphiphilic Tobramycin-Lysine Conjugates Sensitize Multidrug Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria to Rifampicin and Minocycline. J Med Chem 2017; 60:3684-3702. [PMID: 28409644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomally encoded low membrane permeability and highly efficient efflux systems are major mechanisms by which Pseudomonas aeruginosa evades antibiotic actions. Our previous reports have shown that amphiphilic tobramycin-fluoroquinolone hybrids can enhance efficacy of fluoroquinolone antibiotics against multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa isolates. Herein, we report on a novel class of tobramycin-lysine conjugates containing an optimized amphiphilic tobramycin-C12 tether that sensitize Gram-negative bacteria to legacy antibiotics. Combination studies indicate the ability of these conjugates to synergize rifampicin and minocycline against MDR and extensively drug resistant (XDR) P. aeruginosa isolates and enhance efficacy of both antibiotics in the Galleria mellonella larvae in vivo infection model. Mode of action studies indicate that the amphiphilic tobramycin-lysine adjuvants enhance outer membrane cell penetration and affect the proton motive force, which energizes efflux pumps. Overall, this study provides a strategy for generating effective antibiotic adjuvants that overcome resistance of rifampicin and minocycline in MDR and XDR Gram-negative bacteria including P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfeng Lyu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Xuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Sudeep Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | | | - Temilolu Idowu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Ronald Domalaon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - George G Zhanel
- Department of Medical Microbiology/Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB R3T 1R9, Canada
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China
| | - Frank Schweizer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology/Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB R3T 1R9, Canada
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18
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Sivaranjani M, Prakash M, Gowrishankar S, Rathna J, Pandian SK, Ravi AV. In vitro activity of alpha-mangostin in killing and eradicating Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A biofilms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:3349-3359. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Mai S, Mauger MT, Niu LN, Barnes JB, Kao S, Bergeron BE, Ling JQ, Tay FR. Potential applications of antimicrobial peptides and their mimics in combating caries and pulpal infections. Acta Biomater 2017; 49:16-35. [PMID: 27845274 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short cationic host-defense molecules that provide the early stage of protection against invading microbes. They also have important modulatory roles and act as a bridge between innate and acquired immunity. The types and functions of oral AMPs were reviewed and experimental reports on the use of natural AMPs and their synthetic mimics in caries and pulpal infections were discussed. Natural AMPs in the oral cavity, predominantly defensins, cathelicidins and histatins, possess antimicrobial activities against oral pathogens and biofilms. Incomplete debridement of microorganisms in root canal space may precipitate an exacerbated immune response that results in periradicular bone resorption. Because of their immunomodulatory and wound healing potentials, AMPs stimulate pro-inflammatory cytokine production, recruit host defense cells and regulate immuno-inflammatory responses in the vicinity of the pulp and periapex. Recent rapid advances in the development of synthetic AMP mimics offer exciting opportunities for new therapeutic initiatives in root canal treatment and regenerative endodontics. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Identification of new therapeutic strategies to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens and biofilm-associated infections continues to be one of the major challenges in modern medicine. Despite the presence of commercialization hurdles and scientific challenges, interests in using antimicrobial peptides as therapeutic alternatives and adjuvants to combat pathogenic biofilms have never been foreshortened. Not only do these cationic peptides possess rapid killing ability, their multi-modal mechanisms of action render them advantageous in targeting different biofilm sub-populations. These factors, together with adjunctive bioactive functions such as immunomodulation and wound healing enhancement, render AMPs or their synthetic mimics exciting candidates to be considered as adjuncts in the treatment of caries, infected pulps and root canals.
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20
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Andreev K, Martynowycz MW, Ivankin A, Huang ML, Kuzmenko I, Meron M, Lin B, Kirshenbaum K, Gidalevitz D. Cyclization Improves Membrane Permeation by Antimicrobial Peptoids. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:12905-12913. [PMID: 27793068 PMCID: PMC9647730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The peptidomimetic approach has emerged as a powerful tool for overcoming the inherent limitations of natural antimicrobial peptides, where the therapeutic potential can be improved by increasing the selectivity and bioavailability. Restraining the conformational flexibility of a molecule may reduce the entropy loss upon its binding to the membrane. Experimental findings demonstrate that the cyclization of linear antimicrobial peptoids increases their bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus while maintaining high hemolytic concentrations. Surface X-ray scattering shows that macrocyclic peptoids intercalate into Langmuir monolayers of anionic lipids with greater efficacy than for their linear analogues. It is suggested that cyclization may increase peptoid activity by allowing the macrocycle to better penetrate the bacterial cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Andreev
- Department of Physics, Center for Molecular Study of Condensed Soft Matter (μCoSM), Pritzker Institute of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3440 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Michael W. Martynowycz
- Department of Physics, Center for Molecular Study of Condensed Soft Matter (μCoSM), Pritzker Institute of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3440 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Andrey Ivankin
- Department of Physics, Center for Molecular Study of Condensed Soft Matter (μCoSM), Pritzker Institute of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3440 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Mia L. Huang
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Ivan Kuzmenko
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Mati Meron
- The Center for Advanced Radiation Sources (CARS), University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Binhua Lin
- The Center for Advanced Radiation Sources (CARS), University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Kent Kirshenbaum
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - David Gidalevitz
- Department of Physics, Center for Molecular Study of Condensed Soft Matter (μCoSM), Pritzker Institute of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3440 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
- Corresponding Author: Fax: (+1) 312-567-8856.
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21
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Cheung Lam AH, Sandoval N, Wadhwa R, Gilkes J, Do TQ, Ernst W, Chiang SM, Kosina S, Howard Xu H, Fujii G, Porter E. Assessment of free fatty acids and cholesteryl esters delivered in liposomes as novel class of antibiotic. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:337. [PMID: 27391402 PMCID: PMC4938966 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-2138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare associated infections (HAI) with multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria continue to be a global threat, highlighting an urgent need for novel antibiotics. In this study, we assessed the potential of free fatty acids and cholesteryl esters that form part of the innate host defense as novel antibacterial agents for use against MDR bacteria. METHODS Liposomes of six different phospholipid mixtures were employed as carrier for six different fatty acids and four different cholesteryl esters. Using a modified MIC assay based on DNA quantification with the fluoroprobe Syto9, formulations were tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria implicated in HAI. Formulations with MIC values in the low μg/mL range were further subjected to determination of minimal bactericidal activity, hemolysis assay with sheep erythrocytes, and cytotoxicity testing with the human liver cell line HepG2. The potential for synergistic activity with a standard antibiotic was also probed. RESULTS Palmitic acid and stearic acid prepared in carrier 4 (PA4 and SA4, respectively) were identified as most active lipids (MIC against MDR Staphylococcus epidermidis was 0.5 and 0.25 μg/mL, respectively; MIC against vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE) was 2 and 0.5 μg/mL, respectively). Cholesteryl linoleate formulated with carrier 3 (CL3) exhibited activity against the S. epidermidis strain (MIC 1 μg/mL) and a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain (MIC 8 μg/mL) and lowered the vancomycin MIC for VRE from 32-64 μg/mL to as low as 4 μg/mL. At 90 μg/mL PA4, SA4, and CL3 effected less than 5 % hemolysis over 3 h and PA4 and CL3 did not exhibit significant cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cells when applied at 100 μg/mL over 48 h. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that selected fatty acids and cholesteryl esters packaged with phospholipids exhibit antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and may augment the activity of antibiotics. Bactericidal activity could be unlinked from hemolytic and cytotoxic activity and the type of phospholipid carrier greatly influenced the activity. Thus, fatty acids and cholesteryl esters packaged in liposomes may have potential as novel lipophilic antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie H Cheung Lam
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Natalie Sandoval
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Ritambhara Wadhwa
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Janine Gilkes
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Thai Q Do
- Molecular Express, Inc., Rancho Dominguez, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - H Howard Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Gary Fujii
- Molecular Express, Inc., Rancho Dominguez, CA, USA
| | - Edith Porter
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
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22
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Wang C, Zolotarskaya OY, Nair SS, Ehrhardt CJ, Ohman DE, Wynne KJ, Yadavalli VK. Real-Time Observation of Antimicrobial Polycation Effects on Escherichia coli: Adapting the Carpet Model for Membrane Disruption to Quaternary Copolyoxetanes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:2975-2984. [PMID: 26948099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Real-time atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used for analyzing effects of the antimicrobial polycation copolyoxetane P[(C12)-(ME2Ox)-50/50], C12-50 on the membrane of a model bacterium, Escherichia coli (ATCC# 35218). AFM imaging showed cell membrane changes with increasing C12-50 concentration and time including nanopore formation and bulges associated with outer bacterial membrane disruption. A macroscale bactericidal concentration study for C12-50 showed a 4 log kill at 15 μg/mL with conditions paralleling imaging (1 h, 1x PBS, physiological pH, 25 °C). The dramatic changes from the control image to 1 h after introducing 15 μg/mL C12-50 are therefore reasonably attributed to cell death. At the highest concentration (60 μg/mL) further cell membrane disruption results in leakage of cytoplasm driven by detergent-like action. The sequence of processes for initial membrane disruption by the synthetic polycation C12-50 follows the carpet model posited for antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). However, the nanoscale details are distinctly different as C12-50 is a synthetic, water-soluble copolycation that is best modeled as a random coil. In a complementary AFM study, chemical force microscopy shows that incubating cells with C12-50 decreased the hydrophobicity across the entire cell surface at an early stage. This finding provides additional evidence indicating that C12-50 polycations initially bind with the cell membrane in a carpet-like fashion. Taken together, real time AFM imaging elucidates the mechanism of antimicrobial action for copolyoxetane C12-50 at the single cell level. In future work this approach will provide important insights into structure-property relationships and improved antimicrobial effectiveness for synthetic amphiphilic polycations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congzhou Wang
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering and ‡Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and ∥McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VCU School of Medicine , Richmond, Virginia 23249, United States
| | - Olga Y Zolotarskaya
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering and ‡Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and ∥McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VCU School of Medicine , Richmond, Virginia 23249, United States
| | - Sithara S Nair
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering and ‡Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and ∥McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VCU School of Medicine , Richmond, Virginia 23249, United States
| | - Christopher J Ehrhardt
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering and ‡Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and ∥McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VCU School of Medicine , Richmond, Virginia 23249, United States
| | - Dennis E Ohman
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering and ‡Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and ∥McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VCU School of Medicine , Richmond, Virginia 23249, United States
| | - Kenneth J Wynne
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering and ‡Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and ∥McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VCU School of Medicine , Richmond, Virginia 23249, United States
| | - Vamsi K Yadavalli
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering and ‡Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and ∥McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VCU School of Medicine , Richmond, Virginia 23249, United States
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23
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Xie Y, Yang L. Calcium and Magnesium Ions Are Membrane-Active against Stationary-Phase Staphylococcus aureus with High Specificity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20628. [PMID: 26865182 PMCID: PMC4749956 DOI: 10.1038/srep20628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is notorious for its ability to acquire antibiotic-resistance, and antibiotic-resistant S. aureus has become a wide-spread cause of high mortality rate. Novel antimicrobials capable of eradicating S. aureus cells including antibiotic-resistant ones are thus highly desired. Membrane-active bactericides and species-specific antimicrobials are two promising sources of novel anti-infective agents for fighting against bacterial antibiotic-resistance. We herein show that Ca2+ and Mg2+, two alkaline-earth-metal ions physiologically essential for diverse living organisms, both disrupt model S. aureus membranes and kill stationary-phase S. aureus cells, indicative of membrane-activity. In contrast to S. aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis exhibit unaffected survival after similar treatment with these two cations, indicative of species-specific activity against S. aureus. Moreover, neither Ca2+ nor Mg2+ lyses mouse red blood cells, indicative of hemo-compatibility. This works suggests that Ca2+ and Mg2+ may have implications in targeted eradication of S. aureus pathogen including the antibiotic-resistant ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
| | - Lihua Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China.,Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
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24
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Czyzewski AM, Jenssen H, Fjell CD, Waldbrook M, Chongsiriwatana NP, Yuen E, Hancock REW, Barron AE. In Vivo, In Vitro, and In Silico Characterization of Peptoids as Antimicrobial Agents. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0135961. [PMID: 26849681 PMCID: PMC4744035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics is a global threat that has spurred the development of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and their mimetics as novel anti-infective agents. While the bioavailability of AMPs is often reduced due to protease activity, the non-natural structure of AMP mimetics renders them robust to proteolytic degradation, thus offering a distinct advantage for their clinical application. We explore the therapeutic potential of N-substituted glycines, or peptoids, as AMP mimics using a multi-faceted approach that includes in silico, in vitro, and in vivo techniques. We report a new QSAR model that we developed based on 27 diverse peptoid sequences, which accurately correlates antimicrobial peptoid structure with antimicrobial activity. We have identified a number of peptoids that have potent, broad-spectrum in vitro activity against multi-drug resistant bacterial strains. Lastly, using a murine model of invasive S. aureus infection, we demonstrate that one of the best candidate peptoids at 4 mg/kg significantly reduces with a two-log order the bacterial counts compared with saline-treated controls. Taken together, our results demonstrate the promising therapeutic potential of peptoids as antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M. Czyzewski
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, E136, Evanston, IL, 60208, United States of America
| | - Håvard Jenssen
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, #232–2259 Lower Mall Research Station, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Dept. of Science, Systems & Models, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Christopher D. Fjell
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, #232–2259 Lower Mall Research Station, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Matt Waldbrook
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, #232–2259 Lower Mall Research Station, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Nathaniel P. Chongsiriwatana
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, E136, Evanston, IL, 60208, United States of America
| | - Eddie Yuen
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, #232–2259 Lower Mall Research Station, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Robert E. W. Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, #232–2259 Lower Mall Research Station, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- * E-mail: (AEB); (REWH)
| | - Annelise E. Barron
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, E136, Evanston, IL, 60208, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AEB); (REWH)
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25
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Abstract
As our knowledge of host-microbial interactions within the oral cavity increases, future treatments are likely to be more targeted. For example, efforts to target a single species or key virulence factors that they produce, while maintaining the natural balance of the resident oral microbiota that acts to modulate the host immune response would be an advantage. Targeted approaches may be directed at the black-pigmented anaerobes, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia, associated with periodontitis. Such pigments provide an opportunity for targeted phototherapy with high-intensity monochromatic light. Functional inhibition approaches, including the use of enzyme inhibitors, are also being explored to control periodontitis. More general disruption of dental plaque through the use of enzymes and detergents, alone and in combination, shows much promise. The use of probiotics and prebiotics to improve gastrointestinal health has now led to an interest in using these approaches to control oral disease. More recently the potential of antimicrobial peptides and nanotechnology, through the application of nanoparticles with biocidal, anti-adhesive and delivery capabilities, has been explored. The aim of this review is to consider the current status as regards non-conventional treatment approaches for oral infections with particular emphasis on the plaque-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Allaker
- a Oral Microbiology; Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London ; London, UK
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26
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Antibacterial Peptides: Opportunities for the Prevention and Treatment of Dental Caries. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2016; 3:68. [PMID: 26781572 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-011-9076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries is a multifactorial disease that is a growing and costly global health concern. The onset of disease is a consequence of an ecological imbalance within the dental plaque biofilm that favors specific acidogenic and aciduric caries pathogens, namely Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. It is now recognized by the scientific and medical community that it is neither possible nor desirable to totally eliminate dental plaque. Conversely, the chemical biocides most commonly used for caries prevention and treatment indiscriminately attack all plaque microorganisms. These treatments also suffer from other drawbacks such as bad taste, irritability, and staining. Furthermore, the public demand for safe and natural personal hygiene products continues to rise. Therefore, there are opportunities that exist to develop new strategies for the treatment of this disease. As an alternative to conventional antibiotics, antibacterial peptides have been explored greatly over the last three decades for many different therapeutic uses. There are currently tens of hundreds of antibacterial peptides characterized across the evolutionary spectrum, and among these, many demonstrate physical and/or biological properties that may be suitable for a more targeted approach to the selective control or elimination of putative caries pathogens. Additionally, many peptides, such as nisin, are odorless, colorless, and tasteless and do not cause irritation or staining. This review focuses on antibacterial peptides for their potential role in the treatment and prevention of dental caries and suggests candidates that need to be explored further. Practical considerations for the development of antibacterial peptides as oral treatments are also discussed.
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27
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Jones JE, Diemer V, Adam C, Raftery J, Ruscoe RE, Sengel JT, Wallace MI, Bader A, Cockroft SL, Clayden J, Webb SJ. Length-Dependent Formation of Transmembrane Pores by 310-Helical α-Aminoisobutyric Acid Foldamers. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:688-95. [PMID: 26699898 PMCID: PMC4752191 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The synthetic biology toolbox lacks
extendable and conformationally
controllable yet easy-to-synthesize building blocks that are long
enough to span membranes. To meet this need, an iterative synthesis
of α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) oligomers was used to create
a library of homologous rigid-rod 310-helical foldamers,
which have incrementally increasing lengths and functionalizable N-
and C-termini. This library was used to probe the inter-relationship
of foldamer length, self-association strength, and ionophoric ability,
which is poorly understood. Although foldamer self-association in
nonpolar chloroform increased with length, with a ∼14-fold
increase in dimerization constant from Aib6 to Aib11, ionophoric activity in bilayers showed a stronger length
dependence, with the observed rate constant for Aib11 ∼70-fold
greater than that of Aib6. The strongest ionophoric activity
was observed for foldamers with >10 Aib residues, which have end-to-end
distances greater than the hydrophobic width of the bilayers used
(∼2.8 nm); X-ray crystallography showed that Aib11 is 2.93 nm long. These studies suggest that being long enough to
span the membrane is more important for good ionophoric activity than
strong self-association in the bilayer. Planar bilayer conductance
measurements showed that Aib11 and Aib13, but
not Aib7, could form pores. This pore-forming behavior
is strong evidence that Aibm (m ≥ 10) building blocks can span bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Jones
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.,Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester , 131 Princess St, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Diemer
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.,Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester , 131 Princess St, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Adam
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.,School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - James Raftery
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca E Ruscoe
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Jason T Sengel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Mark I Wallace
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Antoine Bader
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh , Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Scott L Cockroft
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh , Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.,School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Webb
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.,Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester , 131 Princess St, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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28
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Koh JJ, Zou H, Lin S, Lin H, Soh RT, Lim FH, Koh WL, Li J, Lakshminarayanan R, Verma C, Tan DTH, Cao D, Beuerman RW, Liu S. Nonpeptidic Amphiphilic Xanthone Derivatives: Structure-Activity Relationship and Membrane-Targeting Properties. J Med Chem 2015; 59:171-93. [PMID: 26681070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported the bioinspired synthesis of a highly potent nonpeptidic xanthone, 2c (AM-0016), with potent antibacterial activity against MRSA. Herein, we report a thorough structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis of a series of nonpeptidic amphiphilic xanthone derivatives in an attempt to identify more potent compounds with lower hemolytic activity and greater membrane selectivity. Forty-six amphiphilic xanthone derivatives were analyzed in this study and structurally classified into four groups based on spacer length, cationic moieties, lipophilic chains, and triarm functionalization. We evaluated and explored the effects of the structures on their membrane-targeting properties. The SAR analysis successfully identified 3a with potent MICs (1.56-3.125 μ/mL) and lower hemolytic activity (80.2 μg/mL for 3a versus 19.7 μg/mL for 2c). Compound 3a displayed a membrane selectivity of 25.7-50.4. Thus, 3a with improved HC50 value and promising selectivity could be used as a lead compound for further structural optimization for the treatment of MRSA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Koh
- Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, 169856 Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , 119074 Singapore
| | - Hanxun Zou
- Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, 169856 Singapore.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Shuimu Lin
- Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, 169856 Singapore.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Huifen Lin
- Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, 169856 Singapore
| | - Rui Ting Soh
- Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, 169856 Singapore
| | - Fang Hui Lim
- Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, 169856 Singapore
| | - Wee Luan Koh
- Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, 169856 Singapore
| | - Jianguo Li
- Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, 169856 Singapore.,Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR) , 30 Biopolis Street, 07-01 Matrix, 138671 Singapore
| | - Rajamani Lakshminarayanan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, 169856 Singapore.,SRP Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School , 169857 Singapore
| | - Chandra Verma
- Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, 169856 Singapore.,Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR) , 30 Biopolis Street, 07-01 Matrix, 138671 Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551 Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore , 14 Science Drive 4, 117543 Singapore
| | - Donald T H Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , 119074 Singapore.,Singapore National Eye Centre , 11 Third Hospital Avenue, 168751 Singapore
| | - Derong Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Roger W Beuerman
- Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, 169856 Singapore.,SRP Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School , 169857 Singapore
| | - Shouping Liu
- Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, 169856 Singapore.,SRP Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School , 169857 Singapore
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29
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Xiong M, Lee MW, Mansbach RA, Song Z, Bao Y, Peek RM, Yao C, Chen LF, Ferguson AL, Wong GCL, Cheng J. Helical antimicrobial polypeptides with radial amphiphilicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:13155-60. [PMID: 26460016 PMCID: PMC4629321 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1507893112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Helical antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) generally have facially amphiphilic structures that may lead to undesired peptide interactions with blood proteins and self-aggregation due to exposed hydrophobic surfaces. Here we report the design of a class of cationic, helical homo-polypeptide antimicrobials with a hydrophobic internal helical core and a charged exterior shell, possessing unprecedented radial amphiphilicity. The radially amphiphilic structure enables the polypeptide to bind effectively to the negatively charged bacterial surface and exhibit high antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, the shielding of the hydrophobic core by the charged exterior shell decreases nonspecific interactions with eukaryotic cells, as evidenced by low hemolytic activity, and protects the polypeptide backbone from proteolytic degradation. The radially amphiphilic polypeptides can also be used as effective adjuvants, allowing improved permeation of commercial antibiotics in bacteria and enhanced antimicrobial activity by one to two orders of magnitude. Designing AMPs bearing this unprecedented, unique radially amphiphilic structure represents an alternative direction of AMP development; radially amphiphilic polypeptides may become a general platform for developing AMPs to treat drug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghua Xiong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Michelle W Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Rachael A Mansbach
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Ziyuan Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Yan Bao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Richard M Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Catherine Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Lin-Feng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Andrew L Ferguson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Gerard C L Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095;
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;
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30
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Skalickova S, Heger Z, Krejcova L, Pekarik V, Bastl K, Janda J, Kostolansky F, Vareckova E, Zitka O, Adam V, Kizek R. Perspective of Use of Antiviral Peptides against Influenza Virus. Viruses 2015; 7:5428-42. [PMID: 26492266 PMCID: PMC4632391 DOI: 10.3390/v7102883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The threat of a worldwide influenza pandemic has greatly increased over the past decade with the emergence of highly virulent avian influenza strains. The increased frequency of drug-resistant influenza strains against currently available antiviral drugs requires urgent development of new strategies for antiviral therapy, too. The research in the field of therapeutic peptides began to develop extensively in the second half of the 20(th) century. Since then, the mechanisms of action for several peptides and their antiviral prospect received large attention due to the global threat posed by viruses. Here, we discussed the therapeutic properties of peptides used in influenza treatment. Peptides with antiviral activity against influenza can be divided into three main groups. First, entry blocker peptides such as a Flupep that interact with influenza hemagglutinin, block its binding to host cells and prevent viral fusion. Second, several peptides display virucidal activity, disrupting viral envelopes, e.g., Melittin. Finally, a third set of peptides interacts with the viral polymerase complex and act as viral replication inhibitors such as PB1 derived peptides. Here, we present a review of the current literature describing the antiviral activity, mechanism and future therapeutic potential of these influenza antiviral peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Skalickova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, Brno CZ-616 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Ludmila Krejcova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimir Pekarik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Karel Bastl
- Wool and Knitting Research Institute, Brno, Sujanovo namesti 3, Brno CZ-602 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Jozef Janda
- Laboratory of Tumour Biology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Libechov CZ-277 21, Czech Republic.
| | - Frantisek Kostolansky
- Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Eva Vareckova
- Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Ondrej Zitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, Brno CZ-616 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, Brno CZ-616 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, Brno CZ-616 00, Czech Republic.
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31
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Hovakeemian SG, Liu R, Gellman SH, Heerklotz H. Correlating antimicrobial activity and model membrane leakage induced by nylon-3 polymers and detergents. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:6840-51. [PMID: 26234884 PMCID: PMC4666704 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01521a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Most antimicrobial peptides act upon target microorganisms by permeabilizing their membranes. The mode of action is often assessed by vesicle leakage experiments that use model membranes, with the assumption that biological activity correlates with the permeabilization of the lipid bilayer. The current work aims to extend the interpretation of vesicle leakage results and examine the correlation between vesicle leakage and antimicrobial activity. To this end, we used a lifetime-based leakage assay with calcein-loaded vesicles to study the membrane permeabilizing properties of a novel antifungal polymer poly-NM, two of its analogs, and a series of detergents. In conjunction, the biological activities of these compounds against Candida albicans were assessed and correlated with data from vesicle leakage. Poly-NM induces all-or-none leakage in polar yeast lipid vesicles at the polymer's MIC, 3 μg mL(-1). At this and higher concentrations, complete leakage after an initial lag time was observed. Concerted activity tests imply that this polymer acts independently of the detergent octyl glucoside (OG) for both vesicle leakage and activity against C. albicans spheroplasts. In addition, poly-NM was found to have negligible activity against zwitterionic vesicles and red blood cells. Our results provide a consistent, detailed picture of the mode of action of poly-NM: this polymer induces membrane leakage by electrostatic lipid clustering. In contrast, poly-MM:CO, a nylon-3 polymer comprised of both cationic and hydrophobic segments, seems to act by a different mechanism that involves membrane asymmetry stress. Vesicle leakage for this polymer is transient (limited to <100%) and graded, non-specific among zwitterionic and polar yeast lipid vesicles, additive with detergent action, and correlates poorly with biological activity. Based on these results, we conclude that comprehensive leakage experiments can provide a detailed description of the mode of action of membrane permeabilizing compounds. Without this thorough approach, it would have been logical to assume that the two nylon-3 polymers we examined act via similar mechanisms; it is surprising that their mechanisms are so distinct. Some, but not all mechanisms of vesicle permeabilization allow for antimicrobial activity.
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32
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Strassburg A, Kracke F, Wenners J, Jemeljanova A, Kuepper J, Petersen H, Tiller JC. Nontoxic, Hydrophilic Cationic Polymers-Identified as Class of Antimicrobial Polymers. Macromol Biosci 2015; 15:1710-23. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Strassburg
- Chair of Biomaterials and Polymer Science; Department of biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund; Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Frauke Kracke
- Chair of Biomaterials and Polymer Science; Department of biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund; Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Julia Wenners
- Chair of Biomaterials and Polymer Science; Department of biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund; Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Anna Jemeljanova
- Chair of Biomaterials and Polymer Science; Department of biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund; Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Jannis Kuepper
- Chair of Biomaterials and Polymer Science; Department of biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund; Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Hanne Petersen
- Chair of Biomaterials and Polymer Science; Department of biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund; Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Joerg C. Tiller
- Chair of Biomaterials and Polymer Science; Department of biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund; Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227 Dortmund Germany
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33
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Shi L, Zhang W, Yang K, Shi H, Li D, Liu J, Ji J, Chu PK. Antibacterial and osteoinductive capability of orthopedic materials via cation-π interaction mediated positive charge. J Mater Chem B 2014; 3:733-737. [PMID: 32262162 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01924e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Both implant centered infection and deficient osteoinduction are pivotal issues for orthopedic implants in early and long-term osseointegration, but constructing a functional bio-interface that can overcome these two problems is highly challenging. Our study reveals that a bio-interface with promoted positive charges plays an active role in simultaneously enhancing the antibacterial and osteoinductive capability of orthopedic implants. The positively charged bio-interface is fabricated by a simple dipping method, in which the cationic polymer (polyhexamethylene biguanidine, PHMB) is immobilized in the conjugated polydopamine coating. Mediated by the cation-π interaction, the immobilized PHMB elevates the surface potential resulting in excellent antibacterial efficacy corresponding to 5 ppm of free PHMB. The materials exhibit far better cytocompatibility than free PHMB at the dose which kills over 50% of the cells. Most importantly, the cationic surface can function as a bioelectrical microenvironment to guide bone mesenchymal stem cells and consequently, enhanced cellular viability and proliferation together with upregulated osteogenesis are achieved. The cation-π interaction mediated cationic surface overcomes the disadvantages plaguing the immobilized cationic antibacterial compounds prepared by other methods and is applicable to different types of biomedical materials requiring antibacterial and osteoinductive bio-interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianxin Shi
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.
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34
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Brooks BD, Brooks AE. Therapeutic strategies to combat antibiotic resistance. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 78:14-27. [PMID: 25450262 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
With multidrug resistant bacteria on the rise, new antibiotic approaches are required. Although a number of new small molecule antibiotics are currently in the development pipeline with many more in preclinical development, the clinical options and practices for infection control must be expanded. Biologics and non-antibiotic adjuvants offer this opportunity for expansion. Nevertheless, to avoid known mechanisms of resistance, intelligent combination approaches for multiple simultaneous and complimentary therapies must be designed. Combination approaches should extend beyond biologically active molecules to include smart controlled delivery strategies. Infection control must integrate antimicrobial stewardship, new antibiotic molecules, biologics, and delivery strategies into effective combination therapies designed to 1) fight the infection, 2) avoid resistance, and 3) protect the natural microbiome. This review explores these developing strategies in the context of circumventing current mechanisms of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda E Brooks
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND58108, USA.
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35
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Yang X, Hu K, Hu G, Shi D, Jiang Y, Hui L, Zhu R, Xie Y, Yang L. Long Hydrophilic-and-Cationic Polymers: A Different Pathway toward Preferential Activity against Bacterial over Mammalian Membranes. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:3267-77. [DOI: 10.1021/bm5006596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter
Chemistry, ¶Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, #Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, ⊥CAS Key Laboratory of Materials
for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 P.R. China
| | - Kan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter
Chemistry, ¶Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, #Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, ⊥CAS Key Laboratory of Materials
for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 P.R. China
| | - Guantai Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter
Chemistry, ¶Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, #Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, ⊥CAS Key Laboratory of Materials
for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 P.R. China
| | - Danyao Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter
Chemistry, ¶Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, #Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, ⊥CAS Key Laboratory of Materials
for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 P.R. China
| | - Yunjiang Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter
Chemistry, ¶Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, #Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, ⊥CAS Key Laboratory of Materials
for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 P.R. China
| | - Liwei Hui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter
Chemistry, ¶Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, #Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, ⊥CAS Key Laboratory of Materials
for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter
Chemistry, ¶Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, #Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, ⊥CAS Key Laboratory of Materials
for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 P.R. China
| | - Yuntao Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter
Chemistry, ¶Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, #Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, ⊥CAS Key Laboratory of Materials
for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 P.R. China
| | - Lihua Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter
Chemistry, ¶Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, #Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, ⊥CAS Key Laboratory of Materials
for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 P.R. China
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36
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Lee MW, Chakraborty S, Schmidt NW, Murgai R, Gellman SH, Wong GCL. Two interdependent mechanisms of antimicrobial activity allow for efficient killing in nylon-3-based polymeric mimics of innate immunity peptides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:2269-79. [PMID: 24743021 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides have been developed to exhibit structural properties and antimicrobial activity similar to those of natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of the innate immune system. These molecules have a number of potential advantages over conventional antibiotics, including reduced bacterial resistance, cost-effective preparation, and customizable designs. In this study, we investigate a family of nylon-3 polymer-based antimicrobials. By combining vesicle dye leakage, bacterial permeation, and bactericidal assays with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), we find that these polymers are capable of two interdependent mechanisms of action: permeation of bacterial membranes and binding to intracellular targets such as DNA, with the latter necessarily dependent on the former. We systemically examine polymer-induced membrane deformation modes across a range of lipid compositions that mimic both bacteria and mammalian cell membranes. The results show that the polymers' ability to generate negative Gaussian curvature (NGC), a topological requirement for membrane permeation and cellular entry, in model Escherichia coli membranes correlates with their ability to permeate membranes without complete membrane disruption and kill E. coli cells. Our findings suggest that these polymers operate with a concentration-dependent mechanism of action: at low concentrations permeation and DNA binding occur without membrane disruption, while at high concentrations complete disruption of the membrane occurs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Interfacially Active Peptides and Proteins. Guest Editors: William C. Wimley and Kalina Hristova.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle W Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Saswata Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Nathan W Schmidt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Rajan Murgai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Samuel H Gellman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Gerard C L Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
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37
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Kennedy SM, Aiken EJ, Beres KA, Hahn AR, Kamin SJ, Hagness SC, Booske JH, Murphy WL. Cationic peptide exposure enhances pulsed-electric-field-mediated membrane disruption. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92528. [PMID: 24671150 PMCID: PMC3966810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of pulsed electric fields (PEFs) to irreversibly electroporate cells is a promising approach for destroying undesirable cells. This approach may gain enhanced applicability if the intensity of the PEF required to electrically disrupt cell membranes can be reduced via exposure to a molecular deliverable. This will be particularly impactful if that reduced PEF minimally influences cells that are not exposed to the deliverable. We hypothesized that the introduction of charged molecules to the cell surfaces would create regions of enhanced transmembrane electric potential in the vicinity of each charged molecule, thereby lowering the PEF intensity required to disrupt the plasma membranes. This study will therefore examine if exposure to cationic peptides can enhance a PEF's ability to disrupt plasma membranes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We exposed leukemia cells to 40 μs PEFs in media containing varying concentrations of a cationic peptide, polyarginine. We observed the internalization of a membrane integrity indicator, propidium iodide (PI), in real time. Based on an individual cell's PI fluorescence versus time signature, we were able to determine the relative degree of membrane disruption. When using 1-2 kV/cm, exposure to >50 μg/ml of polyarginine resulted in immediate and high levels of PI uptake, indicating severe membrane disruption, whereas in the absence of peptide, cells predominantly exhibited signatures indicative of no membrane disruption. Additionally, PI entered cells through the anode-facing membrane when exposed to cationic peptide, which was theoretically expected. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Exposure to cationic peptides reduced the PEF intensity required to induce rapid and irreversible membrane disruption. Critically, peptide exposure reduced the PEF intensities required to elicit irreversible membrane disruption at normally sub-electroporation intensities. We believe that these cationic peptides, when coupled with current advancements in cell targeting techniques will be useful tools in applications where targeted destruction of unwanted cell populations is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Kennedy
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Erik J. Aiken
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kaytlyn A. Beres
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Adam R. Hahn
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Samantha J. Kamin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Susan C. Hagness
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - John H. Booske
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - William L. Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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38
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King A, Chakrabarty S, Zhang W, Zeng X, Ohman DE, Wood LF, Abraham S, Rao R, Wynne KJ. High antimicrobial effectiveness with low hemolytic and cytotoxic activity for PEG/quaternary copolyoxetanes. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:456-67. [PMID: 24422429 PMCID: PMC3998775 DOI: 10.1021/bm401794p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
alkyl chain length of quaternary ammonium/PEG copolyoxetanes
has been varied to discern effects on solution antimicrobial efficacy,
hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity. Monomers 3-((4-bromobutoxy)methyl)-3-methyloxetane
(BBOx) and 3-((2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)methyl)-3-methyloxetane (ME2Ox)
were used to prepare precursor P[(BBOx)(ME2Ox)-50:50–4 kDa]
copolyoxetane via cationic ring opening polymerization. The 1:1 copolymer
composition and Mn (4 kDa) were confirmed
by 1H NMR spectroscopy. After C–Br substitution
by a series of tertiary amines, ionic liquid Cx-50
copolyoxetanes were obtained, where 50 is the mole percent of quaternary
repeat units and “x” is quaternary
alkyl chain length (2, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16 carbons). Modulated
differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) studies showed Tgs between −40 and −60 °C and melting
endotherms for C14–50 and C16–50. Minimum inhibitory
concentrations (MIC) were determined for Escherichia
coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A systematic
dependence of MIC on alkyl chain length was found. The most effective
antimicrobials were in the C6–50 to C12–50 range. C8–50
had better overall performance with MICs of 4 μg/mL, E. coli; 2 μg/mL, S. aureus; and 24 μg/mL, P. aeruginosa. At 5 × MIC, C8–50 effected >99% kill in 1 h against S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa challenges of
108 cfu/mL; log reductions (1 h) were 7, 3, and 5, respectively.
To provide additional insight into polycation interactions with bacterial
membranes, a geometric model based on the dimensions of E. coli is described that provides an estimate of
the maximum number of polycations that can chemisorb. Chain dimensions
were estimated for polycation C8–50 with a molecular weight
of 5 kDa. Considering the approximations for polycation chemisorption
(PCC), it is surprising that a calculation based on geometric considerations
gives a C8–50 concentration within a factor of 2 of the MIC,
4.0 (±1.2) μg/mL for E. coli. Cx-50 copolyoxetane cytotoxicity was low for human
red blood cells, human dermal fibroblasts (HDF), and human foreskin
fibroblasts (HFF). Selectivities for bacterial kill over cell lysis
were among the highest ever reported for polycations indicating good
prospects for biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison King
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, ‡Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and ∥Integrated Life Sciences Program, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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39
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Polymeric systems of antimicrobial peptides--strategies and potential applications. Molecules 2013; 18:14122-37. [PMID: 24241155 PMCID: PMC6269711 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181114122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade has seen growing interest in the investigation of peptides with antimicrobial activity (AMPs). One approach utilized in infection control is incorporation of antimicrobial agents conjugated with the polymers. This review presents the recent developments on polymeric AMP carriers and their potential applications in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields.
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40
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Spampinato C, Leonardi D. Candida infections, causes, targets, and resistance mechanisms: traditional and alternative antifungal agents. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:204237. [PMID: 23878798 PMCID: PMC3708393 DOI: 10.1155/2013/204237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The genus Candida includes about 200 different species, but only a few species are human opportunistic pathogens and cause infections when the host becomes debilitated or immunocompromised. Candida infections can be superficial or invasive. Superficial infections often affect the skin or mucous membranes and can be treated successfully with topical antifungal drugs. However, invasive fungal infections are often life-threatening, probably due to inefficient diagnostic methods and inappropriate initial antifungal therapies. Here, we briefly review our current knowledge of pathogenic species of the genus Candida and yeast infection causes and then focus on current antifungal drugs and resistance mechanisms. An overview of new therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of Candida infections is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Spampinato
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI, UNR-CONICET), Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Darío Leonardi
- Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, UNR-CONICET), Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
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41
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Jiang Y, Yang X, Zhu R, Hu K, Lan WW, Wu F, Yang L. Acid-Activated Antimicrobial Random Copolymers: A Mechanism-Guided Design of Antimicrobial Peptide Mimics. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400484b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunjiang Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of
Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Xin Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of
Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
| | - Rui Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of
Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
| | - Kan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of
Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
| | - Wang-Wei Lan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Fang Wu
- National Engineering Research
Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Lihua Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of
Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064 China
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42
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Zou H, Koh JJ, Li J, Qiu S, Aung TT, Lin H, Lakshminarayanan R, Dai X, Tang C, Lim FH, Zhou L, Tan AL, Verma C, Tan DTH, Chan HSO, Saraswathi P, Cao D, Liu S, Beuerman RW. Design and Synthesis of Amphiphilic Xanthone-Based, Membrane-Targeting Antimicrobials with Improved Membrane Selectivity. J Med Chem 2013; 56:2359-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301683j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanxun Zou
- Singapore
Eye Research Institute,
11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168751, Singapore
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South
China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Jun-Jie Koh
- Singapore
Eye Research Institute,
11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong
Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
119074, Singapore
| | - Jianguo Li
- Singapore
Eye Research Institute,
11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Bioinformatics
Institute, Singapore
138671, Singapore
| | - Shengxiang Qiu
- Program
for Natural Products
Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and
Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, the Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Thet Tun Aung
- Singapore
Eye Research Institute,
11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Huifen Lin
- Singapore
Eye Research Institute,
11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Rajamani Lakshminarayanan
- Singapore
Eye Research Institute,
11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, SRP
Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Xiaoping Dai
- Program
for Natural Products
Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and
Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, the Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Charles Tang
- Department of Pathology, Singapore
General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Fang Hui Lim
- Singapore
Eye Research Institute,
11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National
University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Lei Zhou
- Singapore
Eye Research Institute,
11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Ai Ling Tan
- Department of Pathology, Singapore
General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Chandra Verma
- Singapore
Eye Research Institute,
11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Bioinformatics
Institute, Singapore
138671, Singapore
| | - Donald T. H. Tan
- Singapore
Eye Research Institute,
11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong
Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
119074, Singapore
| | - Hardy Sze On Chan
- Department of Chemistry, National
University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | | | - Derong Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South
China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Shouping Liu
- Singapore
Eye Research Institute,
11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, SRP
Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Roger W. Beuerman
- Singapore
Eye Research Institute,
11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, SRP
Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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43
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Hu K, Schmidt NW, Zhu R, Jiang Y, Lai GH, Wei G, Palermo EF, Kuroda K, Wong GCL, Yang L. A critical evaluation of random copolymer mimesis of homogeneous antimicrobial peptides. Macromolecules 2013; 46:1908-1915. [PMID: 23750051 PMCID: PMC3671498 DOI: 10.1021/ma302577e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides (SMAMPs) have recently demonstrated similar antimicrobial activity as natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from innate immunity. This is surprising, since polymeric SMAMPs are heterogeneous in terms of chemical structure (random sequence) and conformation (random coil), in contrast to defined amino acid sequence and intrinsic secondary structure. To understand this better, we compare AMPs with a 'minimal' mimic, a well characterized family of polydisperse cationic methacrylate-based random copolymer SMAMPs. Specifically, we focus on a comparison between the quantifiable membrane curvature generating capacity, charge density, and hydrophobicity of the polymeric SMAMPs and AMPs. Synchrotron small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) results indicate that typical AMPs and these methacrylate SMAMPs generate similar amounts of membrane negative Gaussian curvature (NGC), which is topologically necessary for a variety of membrane-destabilizing processes. Moreover, the curvature generating ability of SMAMPs is more tolerant of changes in the lipid composition than that of natural AMPs with similar chemical groups, consistent with the lower specificity of SMAMPs. We find that, although the amount of NGC generated by these SMAMPs and AMPs are similar, the SMAMPs require significantly higher levels of hydrophobicity and cationic charge to achieve the same level of membrane deformation. We propose an explanation for these differences, which has implications for new synthetic strategies aimed at improved mimesis of AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
| | - Nathan W. Schmidt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 United States
| | - Rui Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
| | - Yunjiang Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
| | - Ghee Hwee Lai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 United States
| | - Gang Wei
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Edmund F. Palermo
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 United States
| | - Kenichi Kuroda
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 United States
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 United States
| | - Gerard C. L. Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 United States
| | - Lihua Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064 China
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44
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Kuroda K, Caputo GA. Antimicrobial polymers as synthetic mimics of host-defense peptides. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 5:49-66. [PMID: 23076870 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria 'superbugs' are an emerging threat to public health due to the decrease in effective antibiotics as well as the slowed pace of development of new antibiotics to replace those that become ineffective. The need for new antimicrobial agents is a well-documented issue relating to world health. Tremendous efforts have been given to developing compounds that not only show high efficacy, but also those that are less susceptible to resistance development in the bacteria. However, the development of newer, stronger antibiotics which can overcome these acquired resistances is still a scientific challenge because a new mode of antimicrobial action is likely required. To that end, amphiphilic, cationic polymers have emerged as a promising candidate for further development as an antimicrobial agent with decreased potential for resistance development. These polymers are designed to mimic naturally occurring host-defense antimicrobial peptides which act on bacterial cell walls or membranes. Antimicrobial-peptide mimetic polymers display antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria including drug-resistant strains and are less susceptible to resistance development in bacteria. These polymers also showed selective activity to bacteria over mammalian cells. Antimicrobial polymers provide a new molecular framework for chemical modification and adaptation to tune their biological functions. The peptide-mimetic design of antimicrobial polymers will be versatile, generating a new generation of antibiotics toward implementation of polymers in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kuroda
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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45
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Hansen T, Ausbacher D, Zachariassen ZG, Anderssen T, Havelkova M, Strøm MB. Anticancer activity of small amphipathic β²,²-amino acid derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 58:22-9. [PMID: 23085771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report the anticancer activity from screening of a series of synthetic β(2,2)-amino acid derivatives that were prepared to confirm the pharmacophore model of short cationic antimicrobial peptides with high anti-Staphylococcal activity. The most potent derivatives against human Burkitt's lymphoma (Ramos) cells displayed IC(50) values below 8 μM, and low toxicity against human red blood cells (EC(50) > 200 μM). A more than 5-fold preference for Ramos cancer cells compared to human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5 cells) was also obtained for the most promising β(2,2)-amino acid derivative 3-amino-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2,2-bis(naphthalen-2-ylmethyl)propanamide (5c). Screening of 5c at the National Cancer Institute (NCI, USA) confirmed its anticancer potency and revealed a very broad range of anticancer activity with IC(50) values of 0.32-3.89 μM against 59 different cancer cell lines. Highest potency was obtained against the colon cancer cell lines, a non-small cell lung cancer, a melanoma, and three leukemia cell lines included in the NCI screening panel. The reported β(2,2)-amino acid derivatives constitute a promising new class of anticancer agents based on their high anticancer potency, ease of synthesis, mode-of-action, and optimized pharmacokinetic properties compared to much larger antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terkel Hansen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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46
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Koh JJ, Qiu S, Zou H, Lakshminarayanan R, Li J, Zhou X, Tang C, Saraswathi P, Verma C, Tan DTH, Tan AL, Liu S, Beuerman RW. Rapid bactericidal action of alpha-mangostin against MRSA as an outcome of membrane targeting. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1828:834-44. [PMID: 22982495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has created the need for better therapeutic options. In this study, five natural xanthones were extracted and purified from the fruit hull of Garcinia mangostana and their antimicrobial properties were investigated. α-Mangostin was identified as the most potent among them against Gram-positive pathogens (MIC=0.78-1.56 μg/mL) which included two MRSA isolates. α-Mangostin also exhibited rapid in vitro bactericidal activity (3-log reduction within 5 min). In a multistep (20 passage) resistance selection study using a MRSA isolated from the eye, no resistance against α-mangostin in the strains tested was observed. Biophysical studies using fluorescence probes for membrane potential and permeability, calcein encapsulated large unilamellar vesicles and scanning electron microscopy showed that α-mangostin rapidly disrupted the integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane leading to loss of intracellular components in a concentration-dependent manner. Molecular dynamic simulations revealed that isoprenyl groups were important to reduce the free energy for the burial of the hydrophobic phenyl ring of α-mangostin into the lipid bilayer of the membrane resulting in membrane breakdown and increased permeability. Thus, we suggest that direct interactions of α-mangostin with the bacterial membrane are responsible for the rapid concentration-dependent membrane disruption and bactericidal action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Koh
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, 168751, Singapore.
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47
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Identification of synthetic host defense peptide mimics that exert dual antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2012; 19:1784-91. [PMID: 22956655 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00291-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A group of synthetic antimicrobial oligomers, inspired by naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides, were analyzed for the ability to modulate innate immune responses to Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. These synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides (SMAMPs) specifically reduced cytokine production in response to Staphylococcus aureus and the S. aureus component lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a TLR2 agonist. Anti-inflammatory SMAMPs prevented the induction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-10 in response to S. aureus or LTA, but no other TLR2 ligands. We show that these SMAMPs bind specifically to LTA in vitro and prevent its interaction with TLR2. Importantly, the SMAMP greatly reduced the induction of TNF and IL-6 in vivo in mice acutely infected with S. aureus while simultaneously reducing bacterial loads dramatically (4 log(10)). Thus, these SMAMPs can eliminate the damage induced by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) while simultaneously eliminating infection in vivo. They are the first known SMAMPs to demonstrate anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities in vivo.
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48
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Fitzgerald-Hughes D, Devocelle M, Humphreys H. Beyond conventional antibiotics for the future treatment of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusinfections: two novel alternatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 65:399-412. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2012.00954.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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49
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Dawson MJ, Scott RW. New horizons for host defense peptides and lantibiotics. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2012; 12:545-50. [PMID: 22776251 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides from either microbial sources, or based on host defense peptides (HDPs) from higher organisms, show promising activity against human pathogens. Lantibiotics have been extensively engineered by either molecular biology approaches or chemistry and both natural and modified entities have been shown to have good efficacy in animal models of infection. Amongst HDPs either truncated peptides or non-peptide mimetic molecules show substantial promise both for their direct antibiotic action and also modulation of host functions. Members of both classes have reached clinical development for therapy of systemic infections and Clostridium difficile infection of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael John Dawson
- Novacta Biosystems Limited, BioPark Hertfordshire, Herftordshire AL7 3AX, UK.
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50
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Thaker HD, Som A, Ayaz F, Lui D, Pan W, Scott RW, Anguita J, Tew GN. Synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides with immunomodulatory responses. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:11088-91. [PMID: 22697149 DOI: 10.1021/ja303304j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new series of aryl-based synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides (SMAMPs) with antimicrobial activity and selectivity have been developed via systematic tuning of the aromatic groups and charge. The addition of a pendant aromatic group improved the antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, while the addition of charge improved the selectivity. SMAMP 4 with six charges and a naphthalene central ring demonstrated a selectivity of 200 against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli , compared with a selectivity of 8 for the peptide MSI-78. In addition to the direct antimicrobial activity, SMAMP 4 exhibited specific immunomodulatory activities in macrophages both in the presence and in the absence of lipopolysaccharide, a TLR agonist. SMAMP 4 also induced the production of a neutrophil chemoattractant, murine KC, in mouse primary cells. This is the first nonpeptidic SMAMP demonstrating both good antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh D Thaker
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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