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Guo Y, Carballar-Lejarazú R, Sheng L, Fang Y, Wang S, Liang G, Hu X, Wang R, Zhang F, Wu S. Identification and Characterization of Aminopeptidase-N as a Binding Protein for Cry3Aa in the Midgut of Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:2259-2268. [PMID: 32623464 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis Cry proteins have been widely used over the past decades for many different insect pests, which are safe for users and the environment. The coleopteran-specific Cry3Aa toxin from B. thuringiensis exhibits toxicity to the larvae of Monochamus alternatus. Receptors play a key role in the mechanisms underlying the toxic action of Cry. However, the binding receptor for Cry3Aa has yet to be identified in the midgut of M. alternatus larvae. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the receptor for Cry3Aa toxin in the brush border membrane vesicles (BBMVs) of M. alternatus larvae. Our results indicate that the Cry3Aa toxin binds to the BBMVs (Kd = 247 nM) of M. alternatus via a 107 kDa aminopeptidase N (APN) (Kd = 57 nM). In silico analysis of the APN protein predicted that an 18 amino acid sequence in the N-terminal acted as a signal peptide, and that the Asn residue, located at position 918 in the C-terminus is an anchored site for glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol. Further analysis showed that M. alternatus APN exhibits 75% homology to the APN from Anoplophora glabripenis. Our work, therefore, confirmed that APN, which is localized in the BBMVs in the midgut of M. alternatus larvae, acts as a binding protein for Cry3Aa toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Guo
- College of Forestry, Fujian Province University
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Liangjing Sheng
- College of Forestry, Fujian Province University
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University
| | - Yan Fang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Province University
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University
| | - Shaozhen Wang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Province University
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University
| | - Guanghong Liang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Province University
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University
| | - Xia Hu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Province University
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University
| | - Rong Wang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Province University
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University
| | - Feiping Zhang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Province University
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University
| | - Songqing Wu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Province University
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Guo Y, Wang Y, O'Donoghue AJ, Jiang Z, Carballar-Lejarazú R, Liang G, Hu X, Wang R, Xu L, Guan X, Zhang F, Wu S. Engineering of multiple trypsin/chymotrypsin sites in Cry3A to enhance its activity against Monochamus alternatus Hope larvae. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:3117-3126. [PMID: 32323409 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3 toxins exhibit specific toxicity against several coleopteran larvae. However, owing to its low toxicity to Monochamus alternatus, Cry3A toxin is not useful for managing M. alternatus larvae. Here we assessed the proteolytic activation of Cry3Aa toxin in M. alternatus larval midgut and increased its toxicity by molecular modification. RESULTS Our results indicated that insufficient processing of Cry3Aa protoxin and non-specific enzymatic digestion of Cry3Aa toxin in the midgut of M. alternatus larvae led to low toxicity. The results of transcriptome analysis, enzymatic assay with fluorogenic substrates, and multiplex substrate profiling by mass spectrometry showed that the main digestive enzymes in M. alternatus larval midgut were trypsin-like proteases that preferentially cleaved peptides with arginine and lysine residues. Consequently, trypsin recognition sites were introduced into the Domain I of Cry3Aa protoxin in the loop regions between α-helix 3 and α-helix 4 to facilitate proteolytic activation. Multiple potential trypsin cleavage sites away from the helix sheet and functional regions in Cry3Aa proteins were also mutated to alanine to prevent non-specific enzymatic digestion. Bioassays indicated that a modified Cry3Aa-T toxin (K65A, K70A, K231A, K468A, and K596A) showed a 9.5-fold (LC50 = 12.3 μg/mL) increase in toxicity to M. alternatus larvae when compared to native Cry3Aa toxin. CONCLUSION This study highlights an effective way to increase the toxicity of Cry3Aa toxin to M. alternatus, which may be suitable for managing the resistance of transgenic plants to other pests, including some of the most important pests in agriculture. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Guo
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yafang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Anthony J O'Donoghue
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zhenze Jiang
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Guanghong Liang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xia Hu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rong Wang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feiping Zhang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Songqing Wu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Rodríguez-González Á, Porteous-Álvarez AJ, Val MD, Casquero PA, Escriche B. Toxicity of five Cry proteins against the insect pest Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera: Chrisomelidae: Bruchinae). J Invertebr Pathol 2019; 169:107295. [PMID: 31783031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2019.107295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The beetle Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) causes severe post-harvest losses in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Under laboratory conditions, the susceptibility of A. obtectus to five coleopteran-specific Cry toxic proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Cry1Ba, Cry1Ia, Cry3Aa, Cry7Ab, and Cry23/37) was evaluated. After 30 days exposure, Cry proteins demonstrated high activity against A. obtectus adults (100% mortality). Proteins showed statistical differences in toxicity parameters compared to the control treatment, but the parameters were similar among them, and indicated that the final toxic effects can be observed after the 24th day. The toxic effects on A. obtectus larvae were evaluated indirectly by allowing adults to oviposit on treated beans and recording the emergence of F1 adults. All treatments resulted in a lower rate of successful emergence compared to the control treatment, ranging from 60% (Cry23/37) to 10% (Cry1Ia) reduction in eclosion. Finally, to evaluate the ability of Cry proteins to protect the beans against A. obtectus; the number of beans infested, the number of holes in each bean and bean weight loss were determined 45 days after the treatment. The parameters showed significant bean protection by all Cry proteins analyzed compared to control treatment. Cry23/37 showed the best results, however, results for the other proteins were similar. The proteins belong to different Cry protein families, which suggest that they could be used in combination to increase plant protection without compromising resistance management. Moreover, adult emergence and bean protection results indicate differences among the proteins, which may suggest different modes of action. Our results indicate that the studied Cry proteins can be applied for the control of A. obtectus larvae and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Rodríguez-González
- Grupo Universitario de Investigación en Ingeniería y Agricultura Sostenible (GUIIAS). Instituto de Medio Ambiente Recursos Naturales y Biodiversidad. Universidad de León, Avenida de Portugal 41, León 24071, Spain.
| | - Alejandra J Porteous-Álvarez
- Grupo Universitario de Investigación en Ingeniería y Agricultura Sostenible (GUIIAS). Instituto de Medio Ambiente Recursos Naturales y Biodiversidad. Universidad de León, Avenida de Portugal 41, León 24071, Spain
| | - Mario Del Val
- Grupo Universitario de Investigación en Ingeniería y Agricultura Sostenible (GUIIAS). Instituto de Medio Ambiente Recursos Naturales y Biodiversidad. Universidad de León, Avenida de Portugal 41, León 24071, Spain
| | - Pedro A Casquero
- Grupo Universitario de Investigación en Ingeniería y Agricultura Sostenible (GUIIAS). Instituto de Medio Ambiente Recursos Naturales y Biodiversidad. Universidad de León, Avenida de Portugal 41, León 24071, Spain
| | - Baltasar Escriche
- ERI de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Departamento de Genética, Universitat de València, Burjassot 46100, Spain
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Zhao Z, Meihls LN, Hibbard BE, Ji T, Elsik CG, Shelby KS. Differential gene expression in response to eCry3.1Ab ingestion in an unselected and eCry3.1Ab-selected western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) population. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4896. [PMID: 30894586 PMCID: PMC6427003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, the western corn rootworm (WCR) is one of the most destructive pests in the U.S. Corn Belt. Transgenic maize lines expressing various Cry toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis have been adopted as a management strategy. However, resistance to many Bt toxins has occurred. To investigate the mechanisms of Bt resistance we carried out RNA-seq using Illumina sequencing technology on resistant, eCry3.1Ab-selected and susceptible, unselected, whole WCR neonates which fed on seedling maize with and without eCry3.1Ab for 12 and 24 hours. In a parallel experiment RNA-seq experiments were conducted when only the midgut of neonate WCR was evaluated from the same treatments. After de novo transcriptome assembly we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Results from the assemblies and annotation indicate that WCR neonates from the eCry3.1Ab-selected resistant colony expressed a small number of up and down-regulated genes following Bt intoxication. In contrast, unselected susceptible WCR neonates expressed a large number of up and down-regulated transcripts in response to intoxication. Annotation and pathway analysis of DEGs between susceptible and resistant whole WCR and their midgut tissue revealed genes associated with cell membrane, immune response, detoxification, and potential Bt receptors which are likely related to eCry3.1Ab resistance. This research provides a framework to study the toxicology of Bt toxins and mechanism of resistance in WCR, an economically important coleopteran pest species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiao Zhao
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Lisa N Meihls
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,USDA-ARS, Columbia, MO, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Bruce E Hibbard
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,USDA-ARS, Columbia, MO, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Tieming Ji
- Department of Statistics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Christine G Elsik
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,MU Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kent S Shelby
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. .,USDA-ARS, Columbia, MO, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Wang J, Lin G, Batool K, Zhang S, Chen M, Xu J, Wu J, Jin L, Gelbic I, Xu L, Zhang L, Guan X. Alimentary Tract Transcriptome Analysis of the Tea Geometrid, Ectropis oblique (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:1411-1419. [PMID: 29546335 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ectropis oblique Prout (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) is one of the main pests that damages the tea crop in Southeast Asia. To understand the molecular mechanisms of its feeding biology, transcriptomes of the alimentary tract (AT) and of the body minus the AT of E. oblique were successfully sequenced and analyzed in this study. A total of 36,950 unigenes from de novo sequences were assembled. After analysis using six annotation databases (e.g., Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome, and NCBI nr), a series of putative genes were found for this insect species that were related to digestion, detoxification, the immune system, and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) receptors. From this series of genes, 21 were randomly selected to verify the relative expression levels of transcripts using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. These results will provide an invaluable genomic resource for future studies on the molecular mechanisms of E. oblique, which will be useful in developing biological control strategies for this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Guifang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Khadija Batool
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaiqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Ivan Gelbic
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Science, Branišovská, Ceské Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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Ruiz-Arroyo VM, García-Robles I, Ochoa-Campuzano C, Goig GA, Zaitseva E, Baaken G, Martínez-Ramírez AC, Rausell C, Real MD. Validation of ADAM10 metalloprotease as a Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa toxin functional receptor in Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata). INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 26:204-214. [PMID: 27918112 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis parasporal crystal proteins (Cry proteins) are insecticidal pore-forming toxins that bind to specific receptor molecules on the brush border membrane of susceptible insect midgut cells to exert their toxic action. In the Colorado potato beetle (CPB), a coleopteran pest, we previously proposed that interaction of Cry3Aa toxin with a CPB ADAM10 metalloprotease is an essential part of the mode of action of this toxin. Here, we annotated the gene sequence encoding an ADAM10 metalloprotease protein (CPB-ADAM10) in the CPB genome sequencing project, and using RNA interference gene silencing we demonstrated that CPB-ADAM10 is a Cry3Aa toxin functional receptor in CPB. Cry3Aa toxicity was significantly lower in CPB-ADAM10 silenced larvae and in vitro toxin pore-forming ability was greatly diminished in lipid planar bilayers fused with CPB brush border membrane vesicles (BBMVs) prepared from CPB-ADAM10 silenced larvae. In accordance with our previous data that indicated this toxin was a substrate of ADAM10 in CPB, Cry3Aa toxin membrane-associated proteolysis was altered when CPB BBMVs lacked ADAM10. The functional validation of CPB-ADAM10 as a Cry3Aa toxin receptor in CPB expands the already recognized role of ADAM10 as a pathogenicity determinant of pore-forming toxins in humans to an invertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Ruiz-Arroyo
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - I García-Robles
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Ochoa-Campuzano
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - G A Goig
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - E Zaitseva
- Department of Physiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Ionera Technologies GmbH, Freiburg, Germany
| | - G Baaken
- Ionera Technologies GmbH, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A C Martínez-Ramírez
- Servicios Centrales de Soporte a la Investigación Experimental (SCSIE), University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Rausell
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - M D Real
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Pauchet Y, Bretschneider A, Augustin S, Heckel DG. A P-Glycoprotein Is Linked to Resistance to the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa Toxin in a Leaf Beetle. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8120362. [PMID: 27929397 PMCID: PMC5198556 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8120362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysomela tremula is a polyvoltine oligophagous leaf beetle responsible for massive attacks on poplar trees. This beetle is an important model for understanding mechanisms of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal toxins, because a resistant C. tremula strain has been found that can survive and reproduce on transgenic poplar trees expressing high levels of the Cry3Aa Bt toxin. Resistance to Cry3Aa in this strain is recessive and is controlled by a single autosomal locus. We used a larval midgut transcriptome for C. tremula to search for candidate resistance genes. We discovered a mutation in an ABC protein, member of the B subfamily homologous to P-glycoprotein, which is genetically linked to Cry3Aa resistance in C. tremula. Cultured insect cells heterologously expressing this ABC protein swell and lyse when incubated with Cry3Aa toxin. In light of previous findings in Lepidoptera implicating A subfamily ABC proteins as receptors for Cry2A toxins and C subfamily proteins as receptors for Cry1A and Cry1C toxins, this result suggests that ABC proteins may be targets of insecticidal three-domain Bt toxins in Coleoptera as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Pauchet
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, Jena 07745, Germany.
| | - Anne Bretschneider
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, Jena 07745, Germany.
| | - Sylvie Augustin
- Unité de Zoologie Forestière, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 2163 Avenue de la Pomme de Pin, CS 40001 Ardon, Orléans 45075 CEDEX 2, France.
| | - David G Heckel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, Jena 07745, Germany.
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Hernández-Martínez P, Vera-Velasco NM, Escriche B. Unshared binding sites for Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa and Cry3Ca proteins in the weevil Cylas puncticollis (Brentidae). Toxicon 2016; 122:50-53. [PMID: 27662801 PMCID: PMC5090047 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa and Cry3Ca proteins have been reported to be toxic against the African sweetpotato pest Cylas puncticollis. In the present work, the binding sites of these proteins in C. puncticollis brush border vesicles suggest the occurrence of different binding sites, but only one of them is shared. Our results suggest that pest resistance mediated by alteration of the shared Cry-receptor binding site might not render both Cry proteins ineffective. N-terminal sequence of Cry3C activated by trypsin or chymotrypsin was identified at 159 and 153 positions, respectively. Cry3Aa and Cry3Ca proteins bound specifically to C. puncticollis BBMV. Cry3Aa and Cry3Ca proteins do not completely compete for the same binding sites.
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9
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Wu S, Zhu X, Liu Z, Shao E, Rebeca CL, Guo Y, Xiong Y, Mou Y, Xu R, Hu X, Liang G, Zou S, Guan X, Zhang F. Identification of Genes Relevant to Pesticides and Biology from Global Transcriptome Data of Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Larvae. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147855. [PMID: 26815657 PMCID: PMC4729689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monochamus alternatus Hope is the main vector in China of the Pine Wilt Disease caused by the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Although chemical control is traditionally used to prevent pine wilt disease, new strategies based in biological control are promising ways for the management of the disease. However, there is no deep sequence analysis of Monochamus alternatus Hope that describes the transcriptome and no information is available about gene function of this insect vector. We used next generation sequencing technology to sequence the whole fourth instar larva transcriptome of Monochamus alternatus Hope and successfully built a Monochamus alternatus Hope transcriptome database. In total, 105,612 unigenes were assigned for Gene Ontology (GO) terms, information for 16,730 classified unigenes was obtained in the Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs) database, and 13,024 unigenes matched with 224 predicted pathways in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG). In addition, genes related to putative insecticide resistance-related genes, RNAi, the Bt receptor, intestinal digestive enzymes, possible future insect control targets and immune-related molecules are described. This study provides valuable basic information that can be used as a gateway to develop new molecular tools for Monochamus alternatus Hope control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songqing Wu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxia Liu
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ensi Shao
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Carballar-Lejarazú Rebeca
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, United States of America
| | - Yajie Guo
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yueting Xiong
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yani Mou
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Runxue Xu
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Hu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanghong Liang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangquan Zou
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiong Guan
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (FPZ); (XG)
| | - Feiping Zhang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (FPZ); (XG)
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10
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Ochoa-Campuzano C, Martínez-Ramírez AC, Contreras E, Rausell C, Real MD. Prohibitin, an essential protein for Colorado potato beetle larval viability, is relevant to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa toxicity. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 107:299-308. [PMID: 24267691 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringienesis (Bt) Cry toxins constitute the most extensively used environmentally safe biopesticide and their mode of action relies on the interaction of the toxins with membrane proteins in the midgut of susceptible insects that mediate toxicity and insect specificity. Therefore, identification of Bt Cry toxin interacting proteins in the midgut of target insects and understanding their role in toxicity is of great interest to exploit their insecticidal action. Using ligand blot, we demonstrated that Bt Cry3Aa toxin bound to a 30kDa protein in Colorado potato beetle (CPB) larval midgut membrane, identified by sequence homology as prohibitin-1 protein. Prohibitins comprise a highly conserved family of proteins implicated in important cellular processes. We obtained the complete CPB prohibitin-1 DNA coding sequence of 828pb, in silico translated into a 276-amino acid protein. The analysis at the amino acid level showed that the protein contains a prohibitin-homology domain (Band7_prohibitin, cd03401) conserved among prohibitin proteins. A striking feature of the CPB identified prohibitin-1 is the predicted presence of cadherin elements, potential binding sites for Cry toxins described in other Bt susceptible insects. We also showed that CPB prohibitin-1 protein partitioned into both, detergent soluble and insoluble membrane fractions, as well as a prohibitin-2 homologous protein, previously reported to form functional complexes with prohibitin-1 in other organisms. Prohibitin complexes act as membrane scaffolds ensuring the recruitment of membrane proteases to facilitate substrate processing. Accordingly, sequestration of prohibitin-1 by an anti-prohibitin-1 antibody impaired the Cry3Aa toxin inhibition of the proteolytic cleavage of a fluorogenic synthetic substrate of an ADAM-like metalloprotease previously reported to proteolize this toxin. In this work, we also demonstrated that prohibitin-1 RNAi silencing in CPB larvae produced deleterious effects and together with a LD50 Cry3Aa toxin treatment resulted in a highly efficient short term response since 100% larval mortality was achieved just 5days after toxin challenge. Therefore, the combination of prohibitin RNAi and Cry toxin reveals as an effective strategy to improve crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Ochoa-Campuzano
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
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11
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García-Robles I, Ochoa-Campuzano C, Fernández-Crespo E, Camañes G, Martínez-Ramírez AC, González-Bosch C, García-Agustín P, Rausell C, Real MD. Combining hexanoic acid plant priming with Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal activity against Colorado potato beetle. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:12138-56. [PMID: 23743826 PMCID: PMC3709778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140612138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Interaction between insect herbivores and host plants can be modulated by endogenous and exogenous compounds present in the source of food and might be successfully exploited in Colorado potato beetle (CPB) pest management. Feeding tests with CPB larvae reared on three solanaceous plants (potato, eggplant and tomato) resulted in variable larval growth rates and differential susceptibility to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa toxin as a function of the host plant. An inverse correlation with toxicity was observed in Cry3Aa proteolytic patterns generated by CPB midgut brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV) from Solanaceae-fed larvae, being the toxin most extensively proteolyzed on potato, followed by eggplant and tomato. We found that CPB cysteine proteases intestains may interact with Cry3Aa toxin and, in CPB BBMV from larvae fed all three Solanaceae, the toxin was able to compete for the hydrolysis of a papain substrate. In response to treatment with the JA-dependent plant inducer Hexanoic acid (Hx), we showed that eggplant reduced OPDA basal levels and both, potato and eggplant induced JA-Ile. CPB larvae feeding on Hx-induced plants exhibited enhanced Cry3Aa toxicity, which correlated with altered papain activity. Results indicated host-mediated effects on B. thuringiensis efficacy against CPB that can be enhanced in combination with Hx plant induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada García-Robles
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain; E-Mails: (I.G.-R.); (C.O.-C.); (A.C.M.-R.); (C.R.)
| | - Camila Ochoa-Campuzano
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain; E-Mails: (I.G.-R.); (C.O.-C.); (A.C.M.-R.); (C.R.)
| | - Emma Fernández-Crespo
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory, Plant Physiology Area, Department CAMN, University Jaume I, Castellón 12071, Spain; E-Mails: (E.F.-C.); (G.C.); (P.G.-A.)
| | - Gemma Camañes
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory, Plant Physiology Area, Department CAMN, University Jaume I, Castellón 12071, Spain; E-Mails: (E.F.-C.); (G.C.); (P.G.-A.)
| | - Amparo C. Martínez-Ramírez
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain; E-Mails: (I.G.-R.); (C.O.-C.); (A.C.M.-R.); (C.R.)
| | - Carmen González-Bosch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, IATA (CSIC), Paterna, Valencia 46980, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - Pilar García-Agustín
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory, Plant Physiology Area, Department CAMN, University Jaume I, Castellón 12071, Spain; E-Mails: (E.F.-C.); (G.C.); (P.G.-A.)
| | - Carolina Rausell
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain; E-Mails: (I.G.-R.); (C.O.-C.); (A.C.M.-R.); (C.R.)
| | - María Dolores Real
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain; E-Mails: (I.G.-R.); (C.O.-C.); (A.C.M.-R.); (C.R.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +34-963-543-397; Fax: +34-963-543-029
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12
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García-Robles I, Ochoa-Campuzano C, Sánchez J, Contreras E, Real MD, Rausell C. Functional significance of membrane associated proteolysis in the toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa toxin against Colorado potato beetle. Toxicon 2012; 60:1063-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Ochoa-Campuzano C, Sánchez J, García-Robles I, Real MD, Rausell C, Sánchez J. Identification of a calmodulin-binding site within the domain I of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa toxin. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 81:53-62. [PMID: 22836907 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa toxin is a coleopteran specific toxin highly active against Colorado Potato Beetle (CPB).We have recently shown that Cry3Aa toxin is proteolytically cleaved by CPB midgut membrane associated metalloproteases and that this cleavage is inhibited by ADAM metalloprotease inhibitors. In the present study, we investigated whether the Cry3Aa toxin is a calmodulin (CaM) binding protein, as it is the case of several different ADAM shedding substrates. In pull-down assays using agarose beads conjugated with CaM, we demonstrated that Cry3Aa toxin specifically binds to CaM in a calcium-independent manner. Furthermore, we used gel shift assays and (1)H NMR spectra to demonstrate that CaM binds to a 16-amino acid synthetic peptide corresponding to residues N256-V271 within the domain I of Cry3Aa toxin. Finally, to investigate whether CaM has any effect on Cry3Aa toxin CPB midgut membrane associated proteolysis, cleavage assays were performed in the presence of the CaM-specific inhibitor trifluoperazine. We showed that trifluoperazine significantly increased Cry3Aa toxin proteolysis and also decreased Cry3Aa larval toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Ochoa-Campuzano
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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14
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Vachon V, Laprade R, Schwartz JL. Current models of the mode of action of Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins: A critical review. J Invertebr Pathol 2012; 111:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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15
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Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa fused to a cellulase-binding peptide shows increased toxicity against the longhorned beetle. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:1249-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3523-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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16
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Midgut juice components affect pore formation by the Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal toxin Cry9Ca. J Invertebr Pathol 2010; 104:203-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Revised: 04/11/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Fabrick J, Oppert C, Lorenzen MD, Morris K, Oppert B, Jurat-Fuentes JL. A novel Tenebrio molitor cadherin is a functional receptor for Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa toxin. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:18401-10. [PMID: 19416969 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.001651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cry toxins produced by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis are effective biological insecticides. Cadherin-like proteins have been reported as functional Cry1A toxin receptors in Lepidoptera. Here we present data that demonstrate that a coleopteran cadherin is a functional Cry3Aa toxin receptor. The Cry3Aa receptor cadherin was cloned from Tenebrio molitor larval midgut mRNA, and the predicted protein, TmCad1, has domain structure and a putative toxin binding region similar to those in lepidopteran cadherin B. thuringiensis receptors. A peptide containing the putative toxin binding region from TmCad1 bound specifically to Cry3Aa and promoted the formation of Cry3Aa toxin oligomers, proposed to be mediators of toxicity in lepidopterans. Injection of TmCad1-specific double-stranded RNA into T. molitor larvae resulted in knockdown of the TmCad1 transcript and conferred resistance to Cry3Aa toxicity. These data demonstrate the functional role of TmCad1 as a Cry3Aa receptor in T. molitor and reveal similarities between the mode of action of Cry toxins in Lepidoptera and Coleoptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Fabrick
- United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service United States Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, Arizona 85238, USA
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18
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Alvarez A, Pera LM, Loto F, Virla EG, Baigori MD. Insecticidal crystal proteins from native Bacillus thuringiensis: numerical analysis and biological activity against Spodoptera frugiperda. Biotechnol Lett 2008; 31:77-82. [PMID: 18800190 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-008-9841-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2008] [Revised: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 08/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fourteen strains of Bacillus thuringiensis collected from both larvae showing disease symptoms and soil samples in northwest Argentina were characterized by insecticidal activity against Spodoptera frugiperda. First instar larvae and protein profile SDS-PAGE analysis of whole cell proteins not only allowed the differentiation of native Bacillus thuringiensis but also revealed the possibility of applying protein profile analysis in classification of toxicity patterns. Cluster analysis showed that there were two main groups. Interestingly, one of them only contained the most pathogenic native strains. The biomass-bound protease activity of native pathogenic isolates and the reference strain Bt 4D1 is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analía Alvarez
- PROIMI-CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, T4001 MVB, Tucuman, Argentina
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19
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Ochoa-Campuzano C, Real MD, Martínez-Ramírez AC, Bravo A, Rausell C. An ADAM metalloprotease is a Cry3Aa Bacillus thuringiensis toxin receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 362:437-42. [PMID: 17714689 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.07.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Accepted: 07/31/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal proteins toxic action relies on the interaction with receptor molecules on insect midgut target cells. Here, we describe an ADAM metalloprotease as a novel type of B. thuringiensis toxin receptor on the basis of the following data: (i) by ligand blot and N-terminal analysis, we detected a Colorado potato beetle Cry3Aa toxin binding molecule that shares homology with an ADAM10 metalloprotease; (ii) Colorado potato beetle brush border membrane vesicles display ADAM activity since it cleaves an ADAM fluorogenic substrate; (iii) Cry3Aa acts as a competitor of the cleavage of the ADAM fluorogenic substrate; (iv) Cry3Aa sequence contains the recognition motif R(345)FQPGYYGND(354) present in ADAM10 substrates. Accordingly, a peptide representative of the recognition motif localized within loop 1 of Cry3Aa domain II (Ac-F(341)HTRFQPGYYGNDSFN(358)-NH(2)) effectively prevented Cry3Aa proteolytic processing and nearly abolished pore formation, evidencing the functional significance of the Cry3Aa-ADAM interaction in relation to this toxin mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Ochoa-Campuzano
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad Biología, Universidad Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
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