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Garaiova M, Ding Y, Holic R, Valachovic M, Zhang C, Hapala I, Liu P. Yeast perilipin Pet10p/Pln1p interacts with Erg6p in ergosterol metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159506. [PMID: 38734059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LD) are highly dynamic organelles specialized for the regulation of energy storage and cellular homeostasis. LD consist of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer membrane with embedded proteins, most of which are involved in lipid homeostasis. In this study, we focused on one of the major LD proteins, sterol C24-methyltransferase, encoded by ERG6. We found that the absence of Erg6p resulted in an increased accumulation of yeast perilipin Pet10p in LD, while the disruption of PET10 was accompanied by Erg6p LD over-accumulation. An observed reciprocal enrichment of Erg6p and Pet10p in pet10Δ and erg6Δ mutants in LD, respectively, was related to specific functional changes in the LD and was not due to regulation on the expression level. The involvement of Pet10p in neutral lipid homeostasis was observed in experiments that focused on the dynamics of neutral lipid mobilization as time-dependent changes in the triacylglycerols (TAG) and steryl esters (SE) content. We found that the kinetics of SE hydrolysis was reduced in erg6Δ cells and the mobilization of SE was completely lost in mutants that lacked both Erg6p and Pet10p. In addition, we observed that decreased levels of SE in erg6Δpet10Δ was linked to an overexpression of steryl ester hydrolase Yeh1p. Lipid analysis of erg6Δpet10Δ showed that PET10 deletion altered the composition of ergosterol intermediates which had accumulated in erg6Δ. In conclusion, yeast perilipin Pet10p functionally interacts with Erg6p during the metabolism of ergosterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Garaiova
- Department of Biochemistry of Biomembranes, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 840 05, Slovakia.
| | - Yunfeng Ding
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Roman Holic
- Department of Biochemistry of Biomembranes, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 840 05, Slovakia
| | - Martin Valachovic
- Department of Biochemistry of Biomembranes, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 840 05, Slovakia
| | - Congyan Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ivan Hapala
- Department of Biochemistry of Biomembranes, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 840 05, Slovakia
| | - Pingsheng Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Kane A, Dinh H, Campbell L, Cain AK, Hibbs D, Carter D. Spectrum of activity and mechanisms of azole-bisphosphonate synergy in pathogenic Candida. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0012124. [PMID: 38695556 PMCID: PMC11237636 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00121-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Candidiasis places a significant burden on human health and can range from common superficial vulvovaginal and oral infections to invasive diseases with high mortality. The most common Candida species implicated in human disease is Candida albicans, but other species like Candida glabrata are emerging. The use of azole antifungals for treatment is limited by increasing rates of resistance. This study explores repositioning bisphosphonates, which are traditionally used for osteoporosis, as antifungal synergists that can improve and revitalize the use of azoles. Risedronate, alendronate, and zoledronate (ZOL) were tested against isolates from six different species of Candida, and ZOL produced moderate antifungal activity and strong synergy with azoles like fluconazole (FLC), particularly in C. glabrata. FLC:ZOL combinations had increased fungicidal and antibiofilm activity compared to either drug alone, and the combination prevented the development of antifungal resistance. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that the synergy was mediated by the depletion of squalene, resulting in the inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis and a compromised membrane structure. In C. glabrata, synergy compromised the function of membrane-bound multidrug transporters and caused an accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which may account for its acute sensitivity to FLC:ZOL. The efficacy of FLC:ZOL in vivo was confirmed in a Galleria mellonella infection model, where combinations improved the survival of larvae infected with C. albicans and C. glabrata to a greater extent than monotherapy with FLC or ZOL, and at reduced dosages. These findings demonstrate that bisphosphonates and azoles are a promising new combination therapy for the treatment of topical candidiasis. IMPORTANCE Candida is a common and often very serious opportunistic fungal pathogen. Invasive candidiasis is a prevalent cause of nosocomial infections with a high mortality rate, and mucocutaneous infections significantly impact the quality of life of millions of patients a year. These infections pose substantial clinical challenges, particularly as the currently available antifungal treatment options are limited in efficacy and often toxic. Azoles are a mainstay of antifungal therapy and work by targeting the biosynthesis of ergosterol. However, there are rising rates of acquired azole resistance in various Candida species, and some species are considered intrinsically resistant to most azoles. Our research demonstrates the promising therapeutic potential of synergistically enhancing azoles with non-toxic, FDA-approved bisphosphonates. Repurposing bisphosphonates as antifungal synergists can bypass much of the drug development pipeline and accelerate the translation of azole-bisphosphonate combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Kane
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and the Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hue Dinh
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leona Campbell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and the Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amy K. Cain
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Hibbs
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dee Carter
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and the Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Kodedová M, Liška V, Mosinger J, Sychrová H. Light-induced antifungal activity of nanoparticles with an encapsulated porphyrin photosensitizer. Microbiol Res 2023; 269:127303. [PMID: 36641862 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The strong antifungal effect of sulfonated polystyrene nanoparticles (NPs) with an encapsulated tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) photosensitizer is reported here. TPP is activated by visible light, resulting in the generation of singlet oxygen. Its antifungal action is potentiated in the presence of potassium iodide, yielding I2/I3⁻, another antifungal species. The NPs exhibit no dark toxicity, but a broad spectrum of antifungal photodynamic effects. The efficiency of this rapid killing (on the order of minutes) depends on the concentration of TPP NPs, potassium iodide, yeast species and temperature. A strong antifungal activity of TPP NPs is demonstrated on eleven pathogenic and opportunistic pathogenic yeast species (six Candida species and other yeast species, including melanized Hortaea werneckii). The composition and architecture of yeast cell envelope structures clearly influence the efficacy of photodynamic therapy. Candida krusei is the most sensitive to photodynamic therapy. Despite expectations, melanin does not provide Hortaea cells with marked resistance compared to white yeast species. The kinetics of the interaction of NPs with yeast cells is also described. This study may inspire and promote the fabrication of a new type of antiseptic for various skin injuries in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Kodedová
- Laboratory of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14200 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Vojtěch Liška
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Mosinger
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Sychrová
- Laboratory of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14200 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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4
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Protonophore FCCP provides fitness advantage to PDR-deficient yeast cells. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2020; 52:383-395. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-020-09849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Bencova A, Goffa E, Morvova M, Valachovic M, Griač P, Toth Hervay N, Gbelska Y. The Absence of PDR16 Gene Restricts the Overexpression of CaSNQ2 Gene in the Presence of Fluconazole in Candida albicans. Mycopathologia 2020; 185:455-465. [PMID: 32451851 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-020-00459-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In yeast, the PDR16 gene encodes one of the PITP proteins involved in lipid metabolism and is regarded as a factor involved in clinical azole resistance of fungal pathogens. In this study, we prepared Candida albicans CaPDR16/pdr16Δ and Capdr16Δ/Δ heterozygous and homozygous mutant strains and assessed their responses to different stresses. The CaPDR16 deletion strains exhibited increased susceptibility to antifungal azoles and acetic acid. The addition of Tween80 restored the growth of Capdr16 mutants in the presence of azoles. However, the PDR16 gene deletion has not remarkable influence on sterol profile or membrane properties (membrane potential, anisotropy) of Capdr16Δ and Capdr16Δ/Δ mutant cells. Changes in halotolerance of C. albicans pdr16 deletion mutants were not observed. Fluconazole treatment leads to increased expression of ERG genes both in the wild-type and Capdr16Δ and Capdr16Δ/Δ mutant cells, and the amount of ergosterol and its precursors remain comparable in all three strains tested. Fluconazole treatment induced the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter gene CaSNQ2 and MFS transporter gene CaTPO3 in the wild-type strain but not in the Capdr16Δ and Capdr16Δ/Δ mutants. The expression of CaSNQ2 gene markedly increased also in cells treated with hydrogen peroxide irrespective of the presence of CaPdr16p. CaPDR16 gene thus belongs to genes whose presence is required for full induction of CaSNQ2 and CaTPO3 genes in the presence of fluconazole in C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bencova
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava 4, Slovak Republic
| | - Eduard Goffa
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava 4, Slovak Republic.,Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84505, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Marcela Morvova
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina F1, 842 48, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Martin Valachovic
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics CBS SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Griač
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics CBS SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Nora Toth Hervay
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava 4, Slovak Republic
| | - Yvetta Gbelska
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava 4, Slovak Republic.
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6
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Csáky Z, Garaiová M, Kodedová M, Valachovič M, Sychrová H, Hapala I. Squalene lipotoxicity in a lipid droplet‐less yeast mutant is linked to plasma membrane dysfunction. Yeast 2020; 37:45-62. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.3454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Csáky
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Martina Garaiová
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Marie Kodedová
- Department of Membrane Transport, Division BIOCEV Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | - Martin Valachovič
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Hana Sychrová
- Department of Membrane Transport, Division BIOCEV Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Hapala
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava Slovakia
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7
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Plasma Membrane Potential of Candida albicans Measured by Di-4-ANEPPS Fluorescence Depends on Growth Phase and Regulatory Factors. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7040110. [PMID: 31022974 PMCID: PMC6518178 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7040110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of the plasma membrane (Δѱ) regulates the electrochemical potential between the outer and inner sides of cell membranes. The opportunistic fungal pathogen, Candida albicans, regulates the membrane potential in response to environmental conditions, as well as the physiological state of the cell. Here we demonstrate a new method for detection of cell membrane depolarization/permeabilization in C. albicans using the potentiometric zwitterionic dye di-4-ANEPPS. Di-4-ANEPPS measures the changes in the cell Δѱ depending on the phases of growth and external factors regulating Δѱ, such as potassium or calcium chlorides, amiodarone or DM-11 (inhibitor of H+-ATPase). We also demonstrated that di-4-ANEPPS is a good tool for fast measurement of the influence of amphipathic compounds on Δѱ.
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8
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Konecna A, Toth Hervay N, Bencova A, Morvova M, Sikurova L, Jancikova I, Gaskova D, Gbelska Y. Erg6 gene is essential for stress adaptation in Kluyveromyces lactis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 365:5162844. [PMID: 30398655 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of Kluyveromyces lactis ERG6 gene deletion on plasma membrane function and showed increased susceptibility of mutant cells to salt stress, cationic drugs and weak organic acids. Contrary to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Klerg6 mutant cells exhibited increased tolerance to tunicamycin. The content of cell wall polysacharides did not significantly vary between wild-type and mutant cells. Although the expression of the NAD+-dependent glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (KlGPD1) in the Klerg6 mutant cells was only half of that in the parental strain, it was induced in the presence of calcofluor white. Also, cells exposed to this drug accumulated glycerol. The absence of KlErg6p led to plasma membrane hyperpolarization but had no statistically significant influence on the plasma membrane fluidity. We propose that the phenotype of Klerg6 mutant cells to a large extent was a result of the reduced activity of specific plasma membrane proteins that require proper lipid composition for full activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Konecna
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Nora Toth Hervay
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alexandra Bencova
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marcela Morvova
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics F1, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina 6280, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Libusa Sikurova
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics F1, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina 6280, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Iva Jancikova
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 2027/3, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Gaskova
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 2027/3, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yvetta Gbelska
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
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9
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Four Saccharomyces species differ in their tolerance to various stresses though they have similar basic physiological parameters. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2017; 63:217-227. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-017-0559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Jančíková I, Zahumenský J, Gbelská Y, Gášková D. Differences in the arrangement of the Pdr5p multidrug transporter binding pocket of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces lactis. FEMS Yeast Res 2017; 17:4111149. [DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fox073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iva Jančíková
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Zahumenský
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Yvetta Gbelská
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Science, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Dana Gášková
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Zahumenský J, Jančíková I, Drietomská A, Švenkrtová A, Hlaváček O, Hendrych T, Plášek J, Sigler K, Gášková D. Yeast Tok1p channel is a major contributor to membrane potential maintenance under chemical stress. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1974-1985. [PMID: 28669766 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tok1p is a highly specific yeast plasma membrane potassium channel with strong outward directionality. Its opening is induced by membrane depolarization. Although the biophysical properties of Tok1p are well-described, its potentially important physiological role is currently largely unexplored. To address this issue, we examined the Tok1p activity following chemically-induced depolarization by measuring changes of plasma membrane potential (ΔΨ) using the diS-C3(3) fluorescence assay in a Tok1p-expressing and a Tok1p-deficient strain. We report that Tok1p channel activity in response to chemical stress does not depend solely on the extent of depolarization, as might have been expected, but may also be negatively influenced by accompanying effects of the used compound. The stressors may interact with the plasma membrane or the channel itself, or cause cytosolic acidification. All of these effects may negatively influence the Tok1p channel opening. While ODDC-induced depolarization exhibits the cleanest Tok1p activation, restoring an astonishing 75% of lost ΔΨ, higher BAC concentrations reduce Tok1p activity, probably because of direct interactions with the channel and/or its lipid microenvironment. This is not only the first study of the physiological role of Tok1p in ΔΨ maintenance under chemical stress, but also the first estimate of the extent of depolarization the channel is able to counterbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Zahumenský
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, Prague 121 16, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Jančíková
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, Prague 121 16, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Drietomská
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, Prague 121 16, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Švenkrtová
- Institute of Microbiology, CR Academy of Sciences, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic; Institute of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Otakar Hlaváček
- Institute of Microbiology, CR Academy of Sciences, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Hendrych
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Plášek
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, Prague 121 16, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Sigler
- Institute of Microbiology, CR Academy of Sciences, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Gášková
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, Prague 121 16, Czech Republic.
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12
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Ježíková Z, Pagáč T, Pfeiferová B, Bujdáková H, Dižová S, Jančíková I, Gášková D, Olejníková P. Synergy between azoles and 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative as an option to control fungal infections. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2017; 110:1219-1226. [PMID: 28593476 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0895-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
With emerging fungal infections and developing resistance, there is a need for understanding the mechanisms of resistance as well as its clinical impact while planning the treatment strategies. Several approaches could be taken to overcome the problems arising from the management of fungal diseases. Besides the discovery of novel effective agents, one realistic alternative is to enhance the activity of existing agents. This strategy could be achieved by combining existing antifungal agents with other bioactive substances with known activity profiles (combination therapy). Azole antifungals are the most frequently used class of substances used to treat fungal infections. Fluconazole is often the first choice for antifungal treatment. The aim of this work was to study potential synergy between azoles and 1,4-dihydropyridine-2,3,5-tricarboxylate (termed derivative H) in order to control fungal infections. This article points out the synergy between azoles and newly synthesized derivative H in order to fight fungal infections. Experiments confirmed the role of derivative H as substrate/inhibitor of fungal transporter Cdr1p relating to increased sensitivity to fluconazole. These findings, plus decreased expression of ERG11, are responsible for the synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Ježíková
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Tomáš Pagáč
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Pfeiferová
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Helena Bujdáková
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava 4, Slovakia
| | - Stanislava Dižová
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava 4, Slovakia
| | - Iva Jančíková
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Gášková
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Olejníková
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
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13
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Kodedová M, Sychrová H. High-throughput fluorescence screening assay for the identification and comparison of antimicrobial peptides’ activity on various yeast species. J Biotechnol 2016; 233:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Potassium Uptake Mediated by Trk1 Is Crucial for Candida glabrata Growth and Fitness. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153374. [PMID: 27058598 PMCID: PMC4825953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of potassium homeostasis is crucial for all types of cells, including Candida glabrata. Three types of plasma-membrane systems mediating potassium influx with different transport mechanisms have been described in yeasts: the Trk1 uniporter, the Hak cation-proton symporter and the Acu ATPase. The C. glabrata genome contains only one gene encoding putative system for potassium uptake, the Trk1 uniporter. Therefore, its importance in maintaining adequate levels of intracellular potassium appears to be critical for C. glabrata cells. In this study, we first confirmed the potassium-uptake activity of the identified gene’s product by heterologous expression in a suitable S. cerevisiae mutant, further we generated a corresponding deletion mutant in C. glabrata and analysed its phenotype in detail. The obtained results show a pleiotropic effect on the cell physiology when CgTRK1 is deleted, affecting not only the ability of trk1Δ to grow at low potassium concentrations, but also the tolerance to toxic alkali-metal cations and cationic drugs, as well as the membrane potential and intracellular pH. Taken together, our results find the sole potassium uptake system in C. glabrata cells to be a promising target in the search for its specific inhibitors and in developing new antifungal drugs.
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Kodedová M, Sychrová H. Changes in the Sterol Composition of the Plasma Membrane Affect Membrane Potential, Salt Tolerance and the Activity of Multidrug Resistance Pumps in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139306. [PMID: 26418026 PMCID: PMC4587746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the impact of the deletions of genes from the final steps in the biosynthesis of ergosterol (ERG6, ERG2, ERG3, ERG5, ERG4) on the physiological function of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae plasma membrane by a combination of biological tests and the diS-C3(3) fluorescence assay. Most of the erg mutants were more sensitive than the wild type to salt stress or cationic drugs, their susceptibilities were proportional to the hyperpolarization of their plasma membranes. The different sterol composition of the plasma membrane played an important role in the short-term and long-term processes that accompanied the exposure of erg strains to a hyperosmotic stress (effect on cell size, pH homeostasis and survival of yeasts), as well as in the resistance of cells to antifungal drugs. The pleiotropic drug-sensitive phenotypes of erg strains were, to a large extent, a result of the reduced efficiency of the Pdr5 efflux pump, which was shown to be more sensitive to the sterol content of the plasma membrane than Snq2p. In summary, the erg4Δ and erg6Δ mutants exhibited the most compromised phenotypes. As Erg6p is not involved in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, it may become a target for a new generation of antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Kodedová
- Department of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Hana Sychrová
- Department of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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16
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Ła̧cka I, Konieczny MT, Bułakowska A, Kodedová M, Gašková D, Maurya IK, Prasad R, Milewski S. Chemosensitization of multidrug resistant Candida albicans by the oxathiolone fused chalcone derivatives. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:783. [PMID: 26300857 PMCID: PMC4525051 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Three structurally related oxathiolone fused chalcone derivatives appeared effective chemosensitizers, able to restore in part sensitivity to fluconazole of multidrug-resistant C. albicans strains. Compound 21 effectively chemosensitized cells resistant due to the overexpression of the MDR1 gene, compound 6 reduced resistance of cells overexpressing the ABC-type drug transporters CDR1/CDR2 and derivative 18 partially reversed fluconazole resistance mediated by both types of yeast drug efflux pumps. The observed effect of sensitization of resistant strains of Candida albicans to fluconazole activity in the presence of active compounds most likely resulted from inhibition of the pump-mediated efflux, as was revealed by the results of studies involving the fluorescent probes, Nile Red, Rhodamine 6G and diS-C3(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Ła̧cka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marek T Konieczny
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anita Bułakowska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marie Kodedová
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Gašková
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Indresh K Maurya
- Membrane Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi, India
| | - Rajendra Prasad
- Membrane Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi, India
| | - Sławomir Milewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology Gdańsk, Poland
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17
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Tsujimoto Y, Shimizu Y, Otake K, Nakamura T, Okada R, Miyazaki T, Watanabe K. Multidrug resistance transporters Snq2p and Pdr5p mediate caffeine efflux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:1103-10. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1010476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
SNQ2 was identified as a caffeine-resistance gene by screening a genomic library of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a multicopy vector YEp24. SNQ2 encodes an ATP-binding cassette transporter and is highly homologous to PDR5. Multicopy of PDR5 also conferred resistance to caffeine, while its resistance was smaller than that of SNQ2. Residual caffeine contents were analyzed after transiently exposing cells to caffeine. The ratios of caffeine contents were 21.3 ± 8.8% (YEp24-SNQ2) and 81.9 ± 8.7% (YEp24-PDR5) relative to control (YEp24, 100%). In addition, multicopies of SNQ2 or PDR5 conferred resistance to rhodamine 6G (R6G), which was widely used as a substrate for transport assay. R6G was exported by both transporters, and their efflux activities were inhibited by caffeine with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of 5.3 ± 1.9 (YEp24-SNQ2) and 17.2 ± 9.6 mM (YEp24-PDR5). These results demonstrate that Snq2p is a more functional transporter of caffeine than Pdr5p in yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Tsujimoto
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Shimizu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuya Otake
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nakamura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Okada
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Miyazaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Watanabe
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
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18
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Szczepaniak J, Łukaszewicz M, Krasowska A. Detection of inhibitors of Candida albicans Cdr transporters using a diS-C3(3) fluorescence. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:176. [PMID: 25806026 PMCID: PMC4353304 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a major cause of opportunistic and life-threatening, systemic fungal infections. Hence new antifungal agents, as well as new methods to treat fungal infections, are still needed. The application of inhibitors of drug-efflux pumps may increase the susceptibility of C. albicans to drugs. We developed a new fluorescence method that allows the in vivo activity evaluation of compounds inhibiting of C. albicans transporters. We show that the potentiometric dye 3,3′-dipropylthiacarbocyanine iodide diS-C3(3) is pumped out by both Cdr1 and Cdr2 transporters. The fluorescence labeling with diS-C3(3) enables a real-time observation of the activity of C. albicans Cdr1 and Cdr2 transporters. We demonstrate that enniatin A and beauvericin show different specificities toward these transporters. Enniatin A inhibits diS-C3(3) efflux by Cdr1 while beauvericin inhibits both Cdr1p and Cdr2p.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Krasowska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw, Poland
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19
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Herman P, Vecer J, Opekarova M, Vesela P, Jancikova I, Zahumensky J, Malinsky J. Depolarization affects the lateral microdomain structure of yeast plasma membrane. FEBS J 2014; 282:419-34. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Herman
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Vecer
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Opekarova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Petra Vesela
- Institute of Experimental Medicine; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Iva Jancikova
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Zahumensky
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jan Malinsky
- Institute of Experimental Medicine; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
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20
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Gášková D, Plášek J, Zahumenský J, Benešová I, Buriánková L, Sigler K. Alcohols are inhibitors of Saccharomyces cerevisiae multidrug-resistance pumps Pdr5p and Snq2p. FEMS Yeast Res 2013; 13:782-95. [PMID: 24028576 DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of alcohols on cell membrane proteins has originally been assumed to be mediated by their primary action on membrane lipid matrix. Many studies carried out later on both animal and yeast cells have revealed that ethanol and other alcohols inhibit the functions of various membrane channels, receptors and solute transport proteins, and a direct interaction of alcohols with these membrane proteins has been proposed. Using our fluorescence diS-C3 (3) diagnostic assay for multidrug-resistance pump inhibitors in a set of isogenic yeast Pdr5p and Snq2p mutants, we found that n-alcohols (from ethanol to hexanol) variously affect the activity of both pumps. Beginning with propanol, these alcohols have an inhibitory effect that increases with increasing length of the alcohol acyl chain. While ethanol does not exert any inhibitory effect at any of the concentration used (up to 3%), hexanol exerts a strong inhibition at 0.1%. The alcohol-induced inhibition of MDR pumps was detected even in cells whose membrane functional and structural integrity were not compromised. This supports a notion that the inhibitory action does not necessarily involve only changes in the lipid matrix of the membrane but may entail a direct interaction of the alcohols with the pump proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Gášková
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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21
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Hill JA, Ammar R, Torti D, Nislow C, Cowen LE. Genetic and genomic architecture of the evolution of resistance to antifungal drug combinations. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003390. [PMID: 23593013 PMCID: PMC3617151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of drug resistance in fungal pathogens compromises the efficacy of the limited number of antifungal drugs. Drug combinations have emerged as a powerful strategy to enhance antifungal efficacy and abrogate drug resistance, but the impact on the evolution of drug resistance remains largely unexplored. Targeting the molecular chaperone Hsp90 or its downstream effector, the protein phosphatase calcineurin, abrogates resistance to the most widely deployed antifungals, the azoles, which inhibit ergosterol biosynthesis. Here, we evolved experimental populations of the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the leading human fungal pathogen Candida albicans with azole and an inhibitor of Hsp90, geldanamycin, or calcineurin, FK506. To recapitulate a clinical context where Hsp90 or calcineurin inhibitors could be utilized in combination with azoles to render resistant pathogens responsive to treatment, the evolution experiment was initiated with strains that are resistant to azoles in a manner that depends on Hsp90 and calcineurin. Of the 290 lineages initiated, most went extinct, yet 14 evolved resistance to the drug combination. Drug target mutations that conferred resistance to geldanamycin or FK506 were identified and validated in five evolved lineages. Whole-genome sequencing identified mutations in a gene encoding a transcriptional activator of drug efflux pumps, PDR1, and a gene encoding a transcriptional repressor of ergosterol biosynthesis genes, MOT3, that transformed azole resistance of two lineages from dependent on calcineurin to independent of this regulator. Resistance also arose by mutation that truncated the catalytic subunit of calcineurin, and by mutation in LCB1, encoding a sphingolipid biosynthetic enzyme. Genome analysis revealed extensive aneuploidy in four of the C. albicans lineages. Thus, we identify molecular determinants of the transition of azole resistance from calcineurin dependence to independence and establish multiple mechanisms by which resistance to drug combinations evolves, providing a foundation for predicting and preventing the evolution of drug resistance. Fungal infections are a leading cause of mortality worldwide and are difficult to treat due to the limited number of antifungal drugs, whose effectiveness is compromised by the emergence of drug resistance. A powerful strategy to combat drug resistance is combination therapy. Inhibiting the molecular chaperone Hsp90 or its downstream effector calcineurin cripples fungal stress responses and abrogates drug resistance. Here we provide the first analysis of the genetic and genomic changes that underpin the evolution of resistance to antifungal drug combinations in the leading human fungal pathogen, Candida albicans, and model yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We evolved experimental populations with combinations of inhibitors of Hsp90 or calcineurin and the most widely used antifungal in the clinic, the azoles, which inhibit ergosterol biosynthesis. We harnessed whole-genome sequencing to identify diverse resistance mutations among the 14 lineages that evolved resistance to the drug combination. These included mutations in genes encoding the drug targets, a transcriptional regulator of multidrug transporters, a transcriptional repressor of ergosterol biosynthesis enzymes, and a regulator of sphingolipid biosynthesis. We also identified extensive aneuploidies in several C. albicans lineages. Our study reveals multiple mechanisms by which resistance to drug combination can evolve, suggesting new strategies to combat drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Hill
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ron Ammar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dax Torti
- Donnelly Sequencing Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Corey Nislow
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leah E. Cowen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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22
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da Silva FR, Tessis AC, Ferreira PF, Rangel LP, Garcia-Gomes AS, Pereira FR, Berlinck RGS, Muricy G, Ferreira-Pereira A. Oroidin inhibits the activity of the multidrug resistance target Pdr5p from yeast plasma membranes. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:279-282. [PMID: 21207971 DOI: 10.1021/np1006247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Oroidin was isolated from the marine sponge Agelassventres and inhibited the activity and function of Pdr5p, an enzyme responsible for the multidrug resistance phenotype in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This compound may help in the development of new drugs that reverse this dangerous phenotype of pathogenic yeast and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda R da Silva
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, IMPPG, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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23
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Kodedová M, Sigler K, Lemire BD, Gášková D. Fluorescence method for determining the mechanism and speed of action of surface-active drugs on yeast cells. Biotechniques 2011; 50:58-63. [DOI: 10.2144/000113568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
New antifungal agents are needed to treat life-threatening fungal infections, particularly with the development of resistance. Surface-active antifungals have the advantages of minimizing host toxicity and the emergence of drug resistance. We have developed a time-dependent drug exposure assay that allows us to rapidly investigate the mechanism of surface-active antifungal drug action. The assay uses a multidrug pump-deficient strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the potentiometric dye 3,3′-dipropylthiacarbocyanine iodide [diS-C3(3)] and can assess whether cells are depolarized, hyperpolarized, or permeabilized by drug exposure. In this work, we investigated the mechanisms of action of five surface-active compounds: SDS, nystatin, amphotericin B, octenidine dihydrochloride, and benzalkonium chloride. The diS-C3(3) time-dependent drug exposure assay can be used to identify the mechanisms of action of a wide range of drugs. It is a fast and cost-effective method for screening drugs to determine their lowest effective concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Kodedová
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Sigler
- Institute of Microbiology, CR Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bernard D. Lemire
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dana Gášková
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
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24
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General and molecular microbiology and microbial genetics in the IM CAS. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 37:1227-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-010-0859-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Krasowska A, Łukaszewicz M, Bartosiewicz D, Sigler K. Cell ATP level of Saccharomyces cerevisiae sensitively responds to culture growth and drug-inflicted variations in membrane integrity and PDR pump activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 395:51-5. [PMID: 20346916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.03.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cellular ATP level in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was measured during culture growth of strain US50-18C overproducing all major PDR pumps and its isogenic mutants variously deleted in these pumps. It was found to be inversely proportional to the intensity of cell metabolism during different growth phases and to the activity of PDR pumps, which are thus among major ATP consumers in the cells. The ATP level was increased when membrane integrity was affected by 0.5% butanol, and further increased by compound 23.1, a semisynthetic phenol lipid derivative that acts as inhibitor of Pdr5p and Snq2p pumps. The magnitude of increase in cell ATP caused by inhibition of Pdr5p pump by compound 23.1 and the Pdr5p pump inhibitor FK506 used for comparison reflects the activity and hence the energy demand of the pump. The rise in cell ATP caused by different PDR pump inhibitors can be thus used as an indicator of pump activity and the potency of the inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Krasowska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Wrocław University, Przybyszewskiego 63-77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland.
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26
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Yeast and stress: from the laboratory to the brewery. KVASNY PRUMYSL 2010. [DOI: 10.18832/kp2010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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