1
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Frederick AK, Bowler BE. Binding of yeast and human cytochrome c to cardiolipin nanodiscs at physiological ionic strength. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 260:112699. [PMID: 39181020 PMCID: PMC11404356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Binding of cytochrome c (Cytc) to membranes containing cardiolipin (CL) is of considerable interest because of the importance of this interaction in the early stages of apoptosis. The molecular-level determinants of this interaction are still not well defined and there appear to be species-specific differences in Cytc affinity for CL-containing membranes. Many studies are carried out at low ionic strength far from the 100-150 mM ionic strength within mitochondria. Similarly, most binding studies are done at Cytc concentrations of 10 μM or less, much lower that the estimated range of 0.1 to 5 mM Cytc present in mitochondria. In this study, we evaluate binding of human and yeast Cytc to CL nanodiscs using size exclusion chromatography at 25 μM Cytc concentration and 100 mM ionic strength. We find that yeast Cytc affinity for CL nanodiscs is much stronger than that of human Cytc. Mutational analysis of the site A binding surface shows that lysines 86 and 87 are more important for yeast Cytc binding to CL nanodiscs than lysines 72 and 73, counter to results at lower ionic strength. Analysis of the electrostatic surface potential of human versus yeast Cytc shows that the positive potential due to lysines 86 and 87 and other nearby lysines (4, 5, 11, 89) is stronger than that due to lysines 72 and 73. In the case of human Cytc the positive potential around site A is less uniform and likely weakens electrostatic binding to CL membranes through site A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel K Frederick
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States
| | - Bruce E Bowler
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States; Center for Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States.
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2
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Venkatraman K, Lee CT, Budin I. Setting the curve: the biophysical properties of lipids in mitochondrial form and function. J Lipid Res 2024:100643. [PMID: 39303982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial membranes are defined by their diverse functions, complex geometries, and unique lipidomes. In the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), highly-curved membrane folds known as cristae house the electron transport chain and are the primary sites of cellular energy production. The outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) is flat by contrast, but is critical for the initiation and mediation of processes key to mitochondrial physiology: mitophagy, inter-organelle contacts, fission and fusion dynamics and metabolite transport. While the lipid composition of both the IMM and OMM have been characterized across a variety of cell types, a mechanistic understanding for how individual lipid classes contribute to mitochondrial structure and function remains nebulous. In this review, we address the biophysical properties of mitochondrial lipids and their related functional roles. We highlight the intrinsic curvature of the bulk mitochondrial phospholipid pool, with an emphasis on the nuances surrounding the mitochondrially-synthesized cardiolipin. We also outline emerging questions about other lipid classes, ether lipids and sterols, with potential roles in mitochondrial physiology. We propose that further investigation is warranted to elucidate the specific properties of these lipids and their influence on mitochondrial architecture and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Venkatraman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christopher T Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Itay Budin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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3
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Hernández-Ortiz N, Sánchez-Murcia PA, Gil-Campillo C, Domenech M, Lucena-Agell D, Hortigüela R, Velázquez S, Camarasa MJ, Bustamante N, de Castro S, Menéndez M. Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of an unusual class of non-cationic fatty amine-tripeptide conjugates as novel synthetic antimicrobial agents. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1428409. [PMID: 39156106 PMCID: PMC11329928 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1428409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cationic ultrashort lipopeptides (USLPs) are promising antimicrobial candidates to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria. Using DICAMs, a newly synthesized family of tripeptides with net charges from -2 to +1 and a fatty amine conjugated to the C-terminus, we demonstrate that anionic and neutral zwitterionic USLPs can possess potent antimicrobial and membrane-disrupting activities against prevalent human pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes. The strongest antimicrobials completely halt bacterial growth at low micromolar concentrations, reduce bacterial survival by several orders of magnitude, and may kill planktonic cells and biofilms. All of them comprise either an anionic or neutral zwitterionic peptide attached to a long fatty amine (16-18 carbon atoms) and show a preference for anionic lipid membranes enriched in phosphatidylglycerol (PG), which excludes electrostatic interactions as the main driving force for DICAM action. Hence, the hydrophobic contacts provided by the long aliphatic chains of their fatty amines are needed for DICAM's membrane insertion, while negative-charge shielding by salt counterions would reduce electrostatic repulsions. Additionally, we show that other components of the bacterial envelope, including the capsular polysaccharide, can influence the microbicidal activity of DICAMs. Several promising candidates with good-to-tolerable therapeutic ratios are identified as potential agents against S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes. Structural characteristics that determine the preference for a specific pathogen or decrease DICAM toxicity have also been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Hernández-Ortiz
- Instituto de Química-Física “Blas Cabrera” (IQF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro A. Sánchez-Murcia
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Computer-Aided Molecular Design, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Celia Gil-Campillo
- Instituto de Química-Física “Blas Cabrera” (IQF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mirian Domenech
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Lucena-Agell
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Hortigüela
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Velázquez
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Camarasa
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemí Bustamante
- Instituto de Química-Física “Blas Cabrera” (IQF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia de Castro
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Menéndez
- Instituto de Química-Física “Blas Cabrera” (IQF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Venkatraman K, Budin I. Cardiolipin remodeling maintains the inner mitochondrial membrane in cells with saturated lipidomes. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100601. [PMID: 39038656 PMCID: PMC11381790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a unique, four-chain phospholipid synthesized in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). The acyl chain composition of CL is regulated through a remodeling pathway, whose loss causes mitochondrial dysfunction in Barth syndrome (BTHS). Yeast has been used extensively as a model system to characterize CL metabolism, but mutants lacking its two remodeling enzymes, Cld1p and Taz1p, exhibit mild structural and respiratory phenotypes compared to mammalian cells. Here, we show an essential role for CL remodeling in the structure and function of the IMM in yeast grown under reduced oxygenation. Microaerobic fermentation, which mimics natural yeast environments, caused the accumulation of saturated fatty acids and, under these conditions, remodeling mutants showed a loss of IMM ultrastructure. We extended this observation to HEK293 cells, where phospholipase A2 inhibition by Bromoenol lactone resulted in respiratory dysfunction and cristae loss upon mild treatment with exogenous saturated fatty acids. In microaerobic yeast, remodeling mutants accumulated unremodeled, saturated CL, but also displayed reduced total CL levels, highlighting the interplay between saturation and CL biosynthesis and/or breakdown. We identified the mitochondrial phospholipase A1 Ddl1p as a regulator of CL levels, and those of its precursors phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidic acid, under these conditions. Loss of Ddl1p partially rescued IMM structure in cells unable to initiate CL remodeling and had differing lipidomic effects depending on oxygenation. These results introduce a revised yeast model for investigating CL remodeling and suggest that its structural functions are dependent on the overall lipid environment in the mitochondrion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Venkatraman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Itay Budin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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5
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Muroni A, Minicozzi V, Piro MC, Sinibaldi F, Mei G, Di Venere A. Human cytochrome C natural variants: Studying the membrane binding properties of G41S and Y48H by fluorescence energy transfer and molecular dynamics. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133371. [PMID: 38914400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Cytochrome C (cyt C), the protein involved in oxidative phosphorylation, plays several other crucial roles necessary for both cell life and death. Studying natural variants of cyt C offers the possibility to better characterize the structure-to-function relationship that modulates the different activities of this protein. Naturally mutations in human cyt C (G41S and Y48H) occur in the protein central Ω-loop and cause thrombocytopenia 4. In this study, we have investigated the binding of such variants and of wild type (wt) cyt C to synthetic cardiolipin-containing vesicles. The mutants have a lower propensity in membrane binding, displaying higher dissociation constants with respect to the wt protein. Compressibility measurements reveal that both variants are more flexible than the wt, suggesting that the native central Ω-loop is important for the interaction with membranes. Such hypothesis is supported by molecular dynamics simulations. A minimal distance analysis indicates that in the presence of cardiolipin the central Ω-loop of the mutants is no more in contact with the membrane, as it happens instead in the case of wt cyt C. Such finding might provide a hint for the reduced membrane binding capacity of the variants and their enhanced peroxidase activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Muroni
- Department of Physics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Velia Minicozzi
- Department of Physics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; INFN, Section of Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Piro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Sinibaldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giampiero Mei
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Almerinda Di Venere
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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6
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Chen S, Liu Z, Li B, Hou Y, Peng Y, Li J, Yuan Q, Gan W. Probing the structural evolution on the surface of cardiolipin vesicles with an amphiphilic second harmonic generation and fluorescence probe. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:014705. [PMID: 38949588 DOI: 10.1063/5.0211845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigating the influence of the ambient chemical environment on molecular behaviors in liposomes is crucial for understanding and manipulating cellular vitality as well as the capabilities of lipid drug carriers in various environments. Here, we designed and synthesized a second harmonic generation (SHG) and fluorescence probe molecule called Pyr-Py+-N+ (PPN), which possesses membrane-targeting capability. We employed PPN to investigate the response of lipid vesicles composed of cardiolipin to the presence of exogenous salt. The kinetic behaviors, including the adsorption and embedding of PPN on the surface of small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) composed of cardiolipin, were analyzed. The response of the SUVs to the addition of NaCl was also monitored. A rapid decrease in vesicle size can be evidenced through the rapid drop in SHG emission originating from PPN located on the vesicle surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujiao Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhongcheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bifei Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yi Hou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yingying Peng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qunhui Yuan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Gan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
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7
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Hachmann M, Gülcan G, Rajendran R, Höring M, Liebisch G, Bachhuka A, Kohlhaas M, Maack C, Ergün S, Dudek J, Karnati S. Tafazzin deficiency causes substantial remodeling in the lipidome of a mouse model of Barth Syndrome cardiomyopathy. FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2024; 4:1389456. [PMID: 39086433 PMCID: PMC11285559 DOI: 10.3389/fmmed.2024.1389456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Barth Syndrome (BTHS) is a rare X-linked disease, characterized clinically by cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, neutropenia, and growth retardation. BTHS is caused by mutations in the phospholipid acyltransferase tafazzin (Gene: TAFAZZIN, TAZ). Tafazzin catalyzes the final step in the remodeling of cardiolipin (CL), a glycerophospholipid located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. As the phospholipid composition strongly determines membrane properties, correct biosynthesis of CL and other membrane lipids is essential for mitochondrial function. Mitochondria provide 95% of the energy demand in the heart, particularly due to their role in fatty acid oxidation. Alterations in lipid homeostasis in BTHS have an impact on mitochondrial membrane proteins and thereby contribute to cardiomyopathy. We analyzed a transgenic TAFAZZIN-knockdown (TAZ-KD) BTHS mouse model and determined the distribution of 193 individual lipid species in TAZ-KD and WT hearts at 10 and 50 weeks of age, using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Our results revealed significant lipid composition differences between the TAZ-KD and WT groups, indicating genotype-dependent alterations in most analyzed lipid species. Significant changes in the myocardial lipidome were identified in both young animals without cardiomyopathy and older animals with heart failure. Notable alterations were found in phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and plasmalogen species. PC species with 2-4 double bonds were significantly increased, while polyunsaturated PC species showed a significant decrease in TAZ-KD mice. Furthermore, Linoleic acid (LA, 18:2) containing PC and PE species, as well as arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4) containing PE 38:4 species are increased in TAZ-KD. We found higher levels of AA containing LPE and PE-based plasmalogens (PE P-). Furthermore, we are the first to show significant changes in sphingomyelin (SM) and ceramide (Cer) lipid species Very long-chained SM species are accumulating in TAZ-KD hearts, whereas long-chained Cer and several hexosyl ceramides (HexCer) species accumulate only in 50-week-old TAZ-KD hearts These findings offer potential avenues for the diagnosis and treatment of BTHS, presenting new possibilities for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Hachmann
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Güntas Gülcan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Atlas University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ranjithkumar Rajendran
- Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marcus Höring
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Akash Bachhuka
- Department of Electronics, Electric, and Automatic Engineering, Rovira I Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Michael Kohlhaas
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Medical Clinic 1, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Dudek
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Srikanth Karnati
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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8
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Fuentes JM, Morcillo P. The Role of Cardiolipin in Mitochondrial Function and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cells 2024; 13:609. [PMID: 38607048 PMCID: PMC11012098 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a mitochondria-exclusive phospholipid synthesized in the inner mitochondrial membrane. CL plays a key role in mitochondrial membranes, impacting a plethora of functions this organelle performs. Consequently, it is conceivable that abnormalities in the CL content, composition, and level of oxidation may negatively impact mitochondrial function and dynamics, with important implications in a variety of diseases. This review concentrates on papers published in recent years, combined with basic and underexplored research in CL. We capture new findings on its biological functions in the mitochondria, as well as its association with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease. Lastly, we explore the potential applications of CL as a biomarker and pharmacological target to mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Fuentes
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBER-CIBERNED-ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Patricia Morcillo
- Departmentof Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Ilyaskina D, Fernandes S, Berg MP, Lamoree MH, van Gestel CAM, Leonards PEG. Exploring the Relationship Among Lipid Profile Changes, Growth, and Reproduction in Folsomia candida Exposed to Teflubenzuron Over Time. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38517147 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The integration of untargeted lipidomics approaches in ecotoxicology has emerged as a strategy to enhance the comprehensiveness of environmental risk assessment. Although current toxicity tests with soil microarthropods focus on species performance, that is, growth, reproduction, and survival, understanding the mechanisms of toxicity across all levels of biological organization, from molecule to community is essential for informed decision-making. Our study focused on the impacts of sublethal concentrations of the insecticide teflubenzuron on the springtail Folsomia candida. Untargeted lipidomics was applied to link changes in growth, reproduction, and the overall stress response with lipid profile changes over various exposure durations. The accumulation of teflubenzuron in organisms exposed to the highest test concentration (0.035 mg a.s. kg-1 soil dry wt) significantly impacted reproductive output without compromising growth. The results suggested a resource allocation shift from reproduction to size maintenance. This hypothesis was supported by lipid shifts on day 7, at which point reductions in triacylglycerol and diacylglycerol content corresponded with decreased offspring production on day 21. The hypermetabolism of fatty acids and N-acylethanolamines on days 2 and 7 of exposure indicated oxidative stress and inflammation in the animals in response to teflubenzuron bioaccumulation, as measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Overall, the changes in lipid profiles in comparison with phenotypic adverse outcomes highlight the potential of lipid analysis as an early-warning tool for reproductive disturbances caused by pesticides in F. candida. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-12. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Ilyaskina
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saúl Fernandes
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matty P Berg
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marja H Lamoree
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim E G Leonards
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Múnera-Jaramillo J, López GD, Suesca E, Carazzone C, Leidy C, Manrique-Moreno M. The role of staphyloxanthin in the regulation of membrane biophysical properties in Staphylococcus aureus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184288. [PMID: 38286247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that is considered a global health threat. This microorganism can adapt to hostile conditions by regulating membrane lipid composition in response to external stress factors such as changes in pH and ionic strength. S. aureus synthesizes and incorporates in its membrane staphyloxanthin, a carotenoid providing protection against oxidative damage and antimicrobial agents. Staphyloxanthin is known to modulate the physical properties of the bacterial membranes due to the rigid diaponeurosporenoic group it contains. In this work, preparative thin layer chromatography and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry were used to purify staphyloxanthin from S. aureus and characterize its structure, identifying C15, C17 and C19 as the main fatty acids in this carotenoid. Changes in the biophysical properties of models of S. aureus membranes containing phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin, and staphyloxanthin were evaluated. Infrared spectroscopy shows that staphyloxanthin reduces the liquid-crystalline to gel phase transition temperature in the evaluated model systems. Interestingly, these shifts are not accompanied by strong changes in trans/gauche isomerization, indicating that chain conformation in the liquid-crystalline phase is not altered by staphyloxanthin. In contrast, headgroup spacing, measured by Laurdan GP fluorescence spectroscopy, and lipid core dynamics, measured by DPH fluorescence anisotropy, show significant shifts in the presence of staphyloxanthin. The combined results show that staphyloxanthin reduces lipid core dynamics and headgroup spacing without altering acyl chain conformations, therefore decoupling these normally correlated effects. We propose that the rigid diaponeurosporenoic group in staphyloxanthin and its positioning in the membrane is likely responsible for the results observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Múnera-Jaramillo
- Chemistry Institute, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Gerson-Dirceu López
- Laboratory of Advanced Analytical Techniques in Natural Products (LATNAP), Chemistry Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia; PhysCheMath Research Group, Chemistry Department, Universidad de América, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Elizabeth Suesca
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Chiara Carazzone
- Laboratory of Advanced Analytical Techniques in Natural Products (LATNAP), Chemistry Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Chad Leidy
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Marcela Manrique-Moreno
- Chemistry Institute, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.
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11
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Panov AV. The Structure of the Cardiac Mitochondria Respirasome Is Adapted for the β-Oxidation of Fatty Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2410. [PMID: 38397087 PMCID: PMC10889813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
It is well known that in the heart and kidney mitochondria, more than 95% of ATP production is supported by the β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. However, the β-oxidation of fatty acids by mitochondria has been studied much less than the substrates formed during the catabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids. In the last few decades, several discoveries have been made that are directly related to fatty acid oxidation. In this review, we made an attempt to re-evaluate the β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids from the perspectives of new discoveries. The single set of electron transporters of the cardiac mitochondrial respiratory chain is organized into three supercomplexes. Two of them contain complex I, a dimer of complex III, and two dimers of complex IV. The third, smaller supercomplex contains a dimer of complex III and two dimers of complex IV. We also considered other important discoveries. First, the enzymes of the β-oxidation of fatty acids are physically associated with the respirasome. Second, the β-oxidation of fatty acids creates the highest level of QH2 and reverses the flow of electrons from QH2 through complex II, reducing fumarate to succinate. Third, β-oxidation is greatly stimulated in the presence of succinate. We argue that the respirasome is uniquely adapted for the β-oxidation of fatty acids. The acyl-CoA dehydrogenase complex reduces the membrane's pool of ubiquinone to QH2, which is instantly oxidized by the smaller supercomplex, generating a high energization of mitochondria and reversing the electron flow through complex II, which reverses the electron flow through complex I, increasing the NADH/NAD+ ratio in the matrix. The mitochondrial nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase catalyzes a hydride (H-, a proton plus two electrons) transfer across the inner mitochondrial membrane, reducing the cytosolic pool of NADP(H), thus providing the heart with ATP for muscle contraction and energy and reducing equivalents for the housekeeping processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Panov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Mercer University, Macon, GA 31201, USA
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12
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Goyal S, Cambronne XA. Layered mechanisms regulating the human mitochondrial NAD+ transporter SLC25A51. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1989-2004. [PMID: 38108469 PMCID: PMC10802112 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
SLC25A51 is the primary mitochondrial NAD+ transporter in humans and controls many local reactions by mediating the influx of oxidized NAD+. Intriguingly, SLC25A51 lacks several key features compared with other members in the mitochondrial carrier family, thus its molecular mechanism has been unclear. A deeper understanding would shed light on the control of cellular respiration, the citric acid cycle, and free NAD+ concentrations in mammalian mitochondria. This review discusses recent insights into the transport mechanism of SLC25A51, and in the process highlights a multitiered regulation that governs NAD+ transport. The aspects regulating SLC25A51 import activity can be categorized as contributions from (1) structural characteristics of the transporter itself, (2) its microenvironment, and (3) distinctive properties of the transported ligand. These unique mechanisms further evoke compelling new ideas for modulating the activity of this transporter, as well as new mechanistic models for the mitochondrial carrier family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivansh Goyal
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Xiaolu A. Cambronne
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
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13
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Dennison SR, Morton LH, Badiani K, Harris F, Phoenix DA. Bacterial susceptibility and resistance to modelin-5. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:8247-8263. [PMID: 37869970 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01007d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Modelin-5 (M5-NH2) killed Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a minimum lethal concentration (MLC) of 5.86 μM and strongly bound its cytoplasmic membrane (CM) with a Kd of 23.5 μM. The peptide adopted high levels of amphiphilic α-helical structure (75.0%) and penetrated the CM hydrophobic core (8.0 mN m-1). This insertion destabilised CM structure via increased lipid packing and decreased fluidity (ΔGmix < 0), which promoted high levels of lysis (84.1%) and P. aeruginosa cell death. M5-NH2 showed a very strong affinity (Kd = 3.5 μM) and very high levels of amphiphilic α-helical structure with cardiolipin membranes (96.0%,) which primarily drove the peptide's membranolytic action against P. aeruginosa. In contrast, M5-NH2 killed Staphylococcus aureus with an MLC of 147.6 μM and weakly bound its CM with a Kd of 117.6 μM, The peptide adopted low levels of amphiphilic α-helical structure (35.0%) and only penetrated the upper regions of the CM (3.3 mN m-1). This insertion stabilised CM structure via decreased lipid packing and increased fluidity (ΔGmix > 0) and promoted only low levels of lysis (24.3%). The insertion and lysis of the S. aureus CM by M5-NH2 showed a strong negative correlation with its lysyl phosphatidylglycerol (Lys-PG) content (R2 > 0.98). In combination, these data suggested that Lys-PG mediated mechanisms inhibited the membranolytic action of M5-NH2 against S. aureus, thereby rendering the organism resistant to the peptide. These results are discussed in relation to structure/function relationships of M5-NH2 and CM lipids that underpin bacterial susceptibility and resistance to the peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Dennison
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.
| | - Leslie Hg Morton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.
| | - Kamal Badiani
- Pepceuticals Limited, 4 Feldspar Close, Warrens Park, Enderby, Leicestershire, LE19 4JS, UK
| | - Frederick Harris
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.
| | - David A Phoenix
- Office of the Vice Chancellor, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK
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14
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Burguera S, Frontera A, Bauzá A. Enzymatic reversion of Pt(II) nucleophilicity through charge dumping: the case of Pt(CN) 42. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12847-12850. [PMID: 37791416 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03816e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Combining computations and X-ray structure analysis we have demonstrated that [Pt(CN4)]2- can behave as a Lewis acid inside an enzyme's cavity. The nature of a counterintuitive contact found between a catalytically active GLN residue belonging to a mitochondrial synthase and the Pt(II) center was investigated by combining molecular dynamics and quantum mechanics calculations. Results confirm the electron acceptor role of [Pt(CN4)]2-, serving as an inspiration for the design of biomolecular cages able to tweak the nucleophilic/electrophilic character of an organometallic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Burguera
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain.
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain.
| | - Antonio Bauzá
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain.
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15
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Zamudio-Chávez L, Suesca E, López GD, Carazzone C, Manrique-Moreno M, Leidy C. Staphylococcus aureus Modulates Carotenoid and Phospholipid Content in Response to Oxygen-Restricted Growth Conditions, Triggering Changes in Membrane Biophysical Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14906. [PMID: 37834354 PMCID: PMC10573160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus membranes contain carotenoids formed during the biosynthesis of staphyloxanthin. These carotenoids are considered virulence factors due to their activity as scavengers of reactive oxygen species and as inhibitors of antimicrobial peptides. Here, we show that the growth of S. aureus under oxygen-restricting conditions downregulates carotenoid biosynthesis and modifies phospholipid content in biofilms and planktonic cells analyzed using LC-MS. At oxygen-restrictive levels, the staphyloxanthin precursor 4,4-diapophytofluene accumulates, indicating that the dehydrogenation reaction catalyzed by 4,4'-diapophytoene desaturases (CrtN) is inhibited. An increase in lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol is observed under oxygen-restrictive conditions in planktonic cells, and high levels of cardiolipin are detected in biofilms compared to planktonic cells. Under oxygen-restriction conditions, the biophysical parameters of S. aureus membranes show an increase in lipid headgroup spacing, as measured with Laurdan GP, and decreased bilayer core order, as measured with DPH anisotropy. An increase in the liquid-crystalline to gel phase melting temperature, as measured with FTIR, is also observed. S. aureus membranes are therefore less condensed under oxygen-restriction conditions at 37 °C. However, the lack of carotenoids leads to a highly ordered gel phase at low temperatures, around 15 °C. Carotenoids are therefore likely to be low in S. aureus found in tissues with low oxygen levels, such as abscesses, leading to altered membrane biophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zamudio-Chávez
- Biophysics Group, Physics Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111211, Colombia; (L.Z.-C.); (E.S.)
| | - Elizabeth Suesca
- Biophysics Group, Physics Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111211, Colombia; (L.Z.-C.); (E.S.)
| | - Gerson-Dirceu López
- PhysCheMath Research Group, Chemistry Department, Universidad de América, Bogotá 111211, Colombia;
| | - Chiara Carazzone
- Laboratory of Advanced Analytical Techniques in Natural Products (LATNAP), Chemistry Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111211, Colombia;
| | - Marcela Manrique-Moreno
- Chemistry Institute, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia;
| | - Chad Leidy
- Biophysics Group, Physics Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111211, Colombia; (L.Z.-C.); (E.S.)
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16
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Ren M, Xu Y, Phoon CKL, Erdjument-Bromage H, Neubert TA, Schlame M. Cardiolipin prolongs the lifetimes of respiratory proteins in Drosophila flight muscle. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105241. [PMID: 37690688 PMCID: PMC10622840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory complexes and cardiolipins have exceptionally long lifetimes. The fact that they co-localize in mitochondrial cristae raises the question of whether their longevities have a common cause and whether the longevity of OXPHOS proteins is dependent on cardiolipin. To address these questions, we developed a method to measure side-by-side the half-lives of proteins and lipids in wild-type Drosophila and cardiolipin-deficient mutants. We fed adult flies with stable isotope-labeled precursors (13C615N2-lysine or 13C6-glucose) and determined the relative abundance of heavy isotopomers in protein and lipid species by mass spectrometry. To minimize the confounding effects of tissue regeneration, we restricted our analysis to the thorax, the bulk of which consists of post-mitotic flight muscles. Analysis of 680 protein and 45 lipid species showed that the subunits of respiratory complexes I-V and the carriers for phosphate and ADP/ATP were among the longest-lived proteins (average half-life of 48 ± 16 days) while the molecular species of cardiolipin were the longest-lived lipids (average half-life of 27 ± 6 days). The remarkable longevity of these crista residents was not shared by all mitochondrial proteins, especially not by those residing in the matrix and the inner boundary membrane. Ablation of cardiolipin synthase, which causes replacement of cardiolipin by phosphatidylglycerol, and ablation of tafazzin, which causes partial replacement of cardiolipin by monolyso-cardiolipin, decreased the lifetimes of the respiratory complexes. Ablation of tafazzin also decreased the lifetimes of the remaining cardiolipin species. These data suggest that an important function of cardiolipin in mitochondria is to protect respiratory complexes from degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindong Ren
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA; Departments of Cell Biology, Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Yang Xu
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Colin K L Phoon
- Departments of Pediatrics, Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hediye Erdjument-Bromage
- Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas A Neubert
- Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Schlame
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA; Departments of Cell Biology, Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
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17
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Aloi E, Tone CM, Barberi RC, Ciuchi F, Bartucci R. Effects of curcumin in the interaction with cardiolipin-containg lipid monolayers and bilayers. Biophys Chem 2023; 301:107082. [PMID: 37544082 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin, a plant polyphenol extracted from the Chinese herb turmeric, has gained widespread attention in recent years because of its multifunctional properties as antioxidant, antinflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer agent. Effects of the molecule on mitochondrial membranes properties have also been evidenced. In this work, the interaction of curcumin with models of mitochondrial membranes composed of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) or mixtures of DMPC and 4 mol% tetramyristoylcardiolipin (TMCL) has been investigated by using biophysical techniques. Spectrophotometry and fluorescence allowed to determine the association constant and the binding energy of curcumin with pure DMPC and mixed DMPC/TMCL aqueous bilayers. The molecular organization of pure DMPC and cardiolipin-containing Langmuir monolayers at the air-water interface were investigated and the morphology of the monolayers transferred into mica substrates were characterized through atomic force microscopy (AFM). It is found that curcumin associates at the polar/apolar interface of the lipid bilayers and the binding is favored in the presence of cardiolipin. At 2 mol%, curcumin is well miscible with lipid monolayers, particularly with mixed DMPC/TMCL ones, where compact terraces formation characterized by a reduction of the surface roughness is observed in the AFM topographic images. At 10 mol%, curcumin perturbs the stability of DMPC monolayers and morphologically are evident terraces surrounded by cur aggregates. In the presence of TMCL, very few curcumin aggregates and larger compact terraces are observed. The overall results indicate that cardiolipin augments the incorporation of curcumin in model membranes highlighting the mutual interplay cardiolipin-curcumin in mitochondrial membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Aloi
- Department of Physics, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Caterina M Tone
- Department of Physics, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; CNR Nanotec c/o Department of Physics, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Riccardo C Barberi
- Department of Physics, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; CNR Nanotec c/o Department of Physics, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Federica Ciuchi
- CNR Nanotec c/o Department of Physics, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Rosa Bartucci
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
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18
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Lai A, Macdonald PM. Phospholipid lateral diffusion in the presence of cationic peptides as measured via 31P CODEX NMR. Biophys Chem 2023; 295:106964. [PMID: 36764129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.106964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of two cationic peptides on phospholipid lateral diffusion in binary mixtures of POPC with various anionic phospholipids were measured via 31P CODEX NMR. Large unilamellar vesicles composed of POPC/POPG (70/30 mol/mol), or POPC/DOPS (70/30 mol/mol), or POPC/TOCL (85/15 mol/mol), or POPC/DOPA (50/50 mol/mol) were exposed to either polylysine (pLYS, N = 134 monomers) or KL-14 (KKLL KKAKK LLKKL), a model amphipathic helical peptide, in an amount corresponding to 80% neutralization of the anionic phospholipid charge by the cationic lysine residues. In the absence of added peptide, phospholipid lateral diffusion coefficients (all measured at 10 °C) increased with increasing reduced temperature (T-Tm). The POPC/DOPA mixture was an exception to this generalization, in that lateral diffusion for both components was far slower than any other mixture investigated, an effect attributed to intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The addition of pLYS or KL-14 decreased lateral diffusion in the POPC/DOPS LUV, but had minimal effects in the POPC/POPG LUV, indicating that ease of access of the cationic peptide residues to the anionic phospholipid groups was important. Both cationic peptides produced the opposite effect in the POPC/DOPA case, in that lateral diffusion increased significantly in their presence, with KL-14 being most effective. This latter observation was interpreted in terms of the electrostatic / H-bond model proposed by Kooijman et al. [Journal of Biological Chemistry, 282:11356-11,364, 2007] to describe the mechanism of interaction between the phosphomonoester head group of PA and the tertiary amine of lysine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Lai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Peter M Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada.
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19
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Ren M, Xu Y, Phoon CKL, Erdjument-Bromage H, Neubert TA, Schlame M. Knockout of cardiolipin synthase disrupts postnatal cardiac development by inhibiting the maturation of mitochondrial cristae. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.09.531996. [PMID: 36945411 PMCID: PMC10029008 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.09.531996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Cardiomyocyte maturation requires a massive increase in respiratory enzymes and their assembly into long-lived complexes of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The molecular mechanisms underlying the maturation of cardiac mitochondria have not been established. Methods To determine whether the mitochondria-specific lipid cardiolipin is involved in cardiac maturation, we created a cardiomyocyte-restricted knockout (KO) of cardiolipin synthase ( Crls1 ) in mice and studied the postnatal development of the heart. We also measured the turnover rates of proteins and lipids in cardiolipin-deficient flight muscle from Drosophila, a tissue that has mitochondria with high OXPHOS activity like the heart. Results Crls1KO mice survived the prenatal period but failed to accumulate OXPHOS proteins during postnatal maturation and succumbed to heart failure at the age of 2 weeks. Turnover measurements showed that the exceptionally long half-life of OXPHOS proteins is critically dependent on cardiolipin. Conclusions Cardiolipin is essential for the postnatal maturation of cardiomyocytes because it allows mitochondrial cristae to accumulate OXPHOS proteins to a high concentration and to shield them from degradation.
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20
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Lipids in Mitochondrial Macroautophagy: Phase Behavior of Bilayers Containing Cardiolipin and Ceramide. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065080. [PMID: 36982156 PMCID: PMC10049649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a key lipid for damaged mitochondrial recognition by the LC3/GABARAP human autophagy proteins. The role of ceramide (Cer) in this process is unclear, but CL and Cer have been proposed to coexist in mitochondria under certain conditions. Varela et al. showed that in model membranes composed of egg sphingomyelin (eSM), dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), and CL, the addition of Cer enhanced the binding of LC3/GABARAP proteins to bilayers. Cer gave rise to lateral phase separation of Cer-rich rigid domains but protein binding took place mainly in the fluid continuous phase. In the present study, a biophysical analysis of bilayers composed of eSM, DOPE, CL, and/or Cer was attempted to understand the relevance of this lipid coexistence. Bilayers were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, confocal fluorescence microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Upon the addition of CL and Cer, one continuous phase and two segregated ones were formed. In bilayers with egg phosphatidylcholine instead of eSM, in which the binding of LC3/GABARAP proteins hardly increased with Cer in the former study, a single segregated phase was formed. Assuming that phase separation at the nanoscale is ruled by the same principles acting at the micrometer scale, it is proposed that Cer-enriched rigid nanodomains, stabilized by eSM:Cer interactions formed within the DOPE- and CL-enriched fluid phase, result in structural defects at the rigid/fluid nanointerfaces, thus hypothetically facilitatingLC3/GABARAP protein interaction.
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Calderón-Rivera N, Múnera-Jaramillo J, Jaramillo-Berrio S, Suesca E, Manrique-Moreno M, Leidy C. Cardiolipin Strongly Inhibits the Leakage Activity of the Short Antimicrobial Peptide ATRA-1 in Comparison to LL-37, in Model Membranes Mimicking the Lipid Composition of Staphylococcus aureus. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:304. [PMID: 36984691 PMCID: PMC10051595 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipin is one of the main phospholipid components of Staphylococcus aureus membranes. This lipid is found at varying concentrations in the bilayer, depending on the growth stage of the bacteria, and as a response to environmental stress. Cardiolipin is an anionic phospholipid with four acyl chains, which modulates the bending properties of the membrane due to its inverted conical shape. It has been shown to inhibit the pore forming activity of several antimicrobial peptides, in general doubling the peptide concentration needed to induce leakage. Here we find that the short snake-derived antimicrobial peptide ATRA-1 is inhibited by several orders of magnitude in the presence of cardiolipin in saturated membranes (DMPG) compared to the human cathelicidin LL-37, which is only inhibited two-fold in its leakage-inducing concentration. The ATRA-1 is too short to span the membrane and its leakage activity is likely related to detergent-like alterations of bilayer structure. Fluorescence spectroscopy shows only a minor effect on ATRA-1 binding to DMPG membranes due to the presence of cardiolipin. However, FTIR spectroscopy shows that the acyl chain structure of DMPG membranes, containing cardiolipin, become more organized in the presence of ATRA-1, as reflected by an increase in the gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition temperature. Instead, a depression in the melting temperature is induced by ATRA-1 in DMPG in the absence of cardiolipin. In comparison, LL-37 induces a depression of the main phase transition of DMPG even in the presence of cardiolipin. These data suggest that cardiolipin inhibits the penetration of ATRA-1 into the membrane core, impeding its capacity to disrupt lipid packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Calderón-Rivera
- Biophysics Group, Physics Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Jessica Múnera-Jaramillo
- Faculty of Natural of Exact Sciences, Chemistry Institute, University of Antioquia, A.A. 1226, Medellin 050010, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Sara Jaramillo-Berrio
- Biophysics Group, Physics Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Elizabeth Suesca
- Biophysics Group, Physics Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Marcela Manrique-Moreno
- Faculty of Natural of Exact Sciences, Chemistry Institute, University of Antioquia, A.A. 1226, Medellin 050010, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Chad Leidy
- Biophysics Group, Physics Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Cundinamarca, Colombia
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22
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Rojas-Solis D, Vences-Guzmán MÁ, Sohlenkamp C, Santoyo G. Cardiolipin synthesis in Pseudomonas fluorescens UM270 plays a relevant role in stimulating plant growth under salt stress. Microbiol Res 2023; 268:127295. [PMID: 36587534 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Membrane cardiolipin (CL) phospholipids play a fundamental role in the adaptation of bacteria to various environmental conditions, including saline stress. Here, we constructed deletion mutants of two CL synthetase genes, clsA (UM270 ∆clsA) and clsB (UM270 ∆clsB), in the rhizobacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens UM270, and evaluated their role in plant growth promotion under salt stress. UM270 ∆clsA and UM270 ∆clsB mutants showed a significant reduction in CL synthesis compared to the P. fluorescens UM270 wild-type (UM270 wt) strain (58% ∆clsA and 53% ∆clsB), and their growth rate was not affected, except when grown at 100 and 200 mM NaCl. Additionally, the root colonization capacity of both mutant strains was impaired compared with that of the wild type. Concomitant with the deletion of clsA and clsB genes, some physiological changes were observed in the UM270 ∆clsA and UM270 ∆clsB mutants, such as a reduction in indole acetic acid and biofilm production. By contrast, an increase in siderophore biosynthesis was observed. Further, inoculation of the UM270 wt strain in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) grown under salt stress conditions (100 and 200 mM NaCl) resulted in an increase in root and shoot length, chlorophyll content, and dry weight. On the contrary, when each of the mutants were inoculated in tomato plants, a reduction in root length was observed when grown at 200 mM NaCl, but the shoot length, chlorophyll content, and total plant dry weight parameters were significantly reduced under normal or saline conditions (100 and 200 mM NaCl), compared to UM270 wt-inoculated plants. In conclusion, these results suggest that CL synthesis in P. fluorescens UM270 plays an important role in the promotion of tomato plant growth under normal conditions, but to a greater extent, under salt-stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rojas-Solis
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | | | - Christian Sohlenkamp
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Santoyo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
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The potential of antifungal peptide Sesquin as natural food preservative. Biochimie 2022; 203:51-64. [PMID: 35395327 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sesquin is a wide spectrum antimicrobial peptide displaying a remarkable activity on fungi. Contrarily to most antimicrobial peptides, it presents an overall negative charge. In the present study, we elucidate the molecular basis of its mode of action towards biomimetic membranes by NMR and MD experiments. While a specific recognition of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) might explain its activity in a variety of different organisms (including bacteria), a further interaction with ergosterol accounts for its strong antifungal activity. NMR data reveal a charge gradient along its amide protons allowing the peptide to reach the membrane phosphate groups despite its negative charge. Subsequently, the peptide gets structured inside the bilayer, reducing its order. MD simulations predict that its activity is retained in conditions commonly used for food preservation: low temperatures, high pressure, or the presence of electric field pulses, making Sesquin a good candidate as food preservative.
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24
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Fox CA, Ryan RO. Studies of the cardiolipin interactome. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 88:101195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sturm M, Gutowski O, Brezesinski G. The Effect of pH on the Structure and Lateral Organization of Cardiolipin in Langmuir Monolayers. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200218. [PMID: 35920819 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a unique phospholipid featuring a dimeric structure. With its four alkyl chains, it has a large hydrophobic region and the charged hydrophilic head group is relatively small. Biological membranes exhibit CL exclusively in the inner bacterial and mitochondrial membranes. Alteration of CL packing can lead to structural changes and membrane instabilities. One environmental influence is the change in pH. Since the acidic properties of the phosphate head groups remain still controversial in literature, this work focusses on the influence of pH on the ionization degree of CL. For the analyses, surface pressure (π) - molecular area (A) isotherm experiments were combined with total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TRXF) and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD). Continuous ionization with a high CL packing density was observed in the monolayer over a wide pH range. No individual pKa values can be assigned to the two phosphate groups, but mutual influence is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sturm
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olof Gutowski
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerald Brezesinski
- Institute of Applied Dermatopharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 23, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Cardiolipin for Enhanced Cellular Uptake and Cytotoxicity of Thermosensitive Liposome-Encapsulated Daunorubicin toward Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911763. [PMID: 36233061 PMCID: PMC9569717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Daunorubicin (DNR) and cardiolipin (CL) were co-delivered using thermosensitive liposomes (TSLs). 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), 1-myristoyl-2-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (MSPC), cholesterol, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] or DSPE-mPEG (2000) and CL were used in the formulation of liposomes at a molar ratio of 57:40:30:3:20, respectively. CL forms raft-like microdomains that may relocate and change lipid organization of the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes. Such transbilayer lipid movement eventually leads to membrane permeabilization. TSLs were prepared by thin-film hydration (drug:lipid ratio 1:5) where DNR was encapsulated within the aqueous core of the liposomes and CL acted as a component of the lipid bilayer. The liposomes exhibited high drug encapsulation efficiency (>90%), small size (~115 nm), narrow size distribution (polydispersity index ~0.12), and a rapid release profile under the influence of mild hyperthermia. The liposomes also exhibited ~4-fold higher cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cells compared to DNR or liposomes similar to DaunoXome® (p < 0.001). This study provides a basis for developing a co-delivery system of DNR and CL encapsulated in liposomes for treatment of breast cancer.
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Ramos-Martín F, Herrera-León C, D'Amelio N. Bombyx mori Cecropin D could trigger cancer cell apoptosis by interacting with mitochondrial cardiolipin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:184003. [PMID: 35850261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cecropin D is an antimicrobial peptide from Bombyx mori displaying anticancer and pro-apoptotic activities and, together with Cecropin XJ and Cecropin A, one of the very few peptides targeting esophageal cancer. Cecropin D displays poor similarity to other cecropins but a remarkable similarity in the structure and activity spectrum with Cecropin A and Cecropin XJ, offering the possibility to highlight key motifs at the base of the biological activity. In this work we show by NMR and MD simulations that Cecropin D is partially structured in solution and stabilizes its two-helix folding upon interaction with biomimetic membranes. Simulations show that Cecropin D strongly interacts with the surface of cancer cell biomimetic bilayers where it recognises the phosphatidylserine headgroup often exposed in the outer leaflet of cancerous cells by means of specific salt bridges. Cecropin D is also able to penetrate deeply in bilayers containing cardiolipin, a phospholipid found in mitochondria, causing significant destabilization in the lipid packing which might account for its pro-apoptotic activity. In bacterial membranes, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine act synergically by electrostatically attracting cecropin D and providing access to the membrane core, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ramos-Martín
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens 80039, France.
| | - Claudia Herrera-León
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Nicola D'Amelio
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens 80039, France.
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28
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Luévano-Martínez LA, Pinto IFD, Yoshinaga MY, Miyamoto S. In yeast, cardiolipin unsaturation level plays a key role in mitochondrial function and inner membrane integrity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2022; 1863:148587. [PMID: 35780857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cardiolipin is the signature phospholipid of the mitochondrial inner membrane. It participates in shaping the inner membrane as well as in modulating the activity of many membrane-bound proteins. The acyl chain composition of cardiolipin is finely tuned post-biosynthesis depending on the surrounding phospholipids to produce mature or unsaturated cardiolipin. However, experimental evidence showing that immature and mature cardiolipin are functionally equivalents for mitochondria poses doubts on the relevance of cardiolipin remodeling. In this work, we studied the role of cardiolipin acyl chain composition in mitochondrial bioenergetics, including a detailed bioenergetic profile of yeast mitochondria. Cardiolipin acyl chains were modified by genetic and nutritional manipulation. We found that both the bioenergetic efficiency and osmotic stability of mitochondria are dependent on the unsaturation level of cardiolipin acyl chains. It is proposed that cardiolipin remodeling and, consequently, mature cardiolipins play an important role in mitochondrial inner membrane integrity and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Luévano-Martínez
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, N.L, Mexico.
| | | | - Marcos Yukio Yoshinaga
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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29
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Ramos-Martín F, D'Amelio N. Biomembrane lipids: When physics and chemistry join to shape biological activity. Biochimie 2022; 203:118-138. [PMID: 35926681 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Biomembranes constitute the first lines of defense of cells. While small molecules can often permeate cell walls in bacteria and plants, they are generally unable to penetrate the barrier constituted by the double layer of phospholipids, unless specific receptors or channels are present. Antimicrobial or cell-penetrating peptides are in fact highly specialized molecules able to bypass this barrier and even discriminate among different cell types. This capacity is made possible by the intrinsic properties of its phospholipids, their distribution between the internal and external leaflet, and their ability to mutually interact, modulating the membrane fluidity and the exposition of key headgroups. Although common phospholipids can be found in the membranes of most organisms, some are characteristic of specific cell types. Here, we review the properties of the most common lipids and describe how they interact with each other in biomembrane. We then discuss how their assembly in bilayers determines some key physical-chemical properties such as permeability, potential and phase status. Finally, we describe how the exposition of specific phospholipids determines the recognition of cell types by membrane-targeting molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ramos-Martín
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, 80039, France.
| | - Nicola D'Amelio
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, 80039, France.
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30
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Prew MS, Camara CM, Botzanowski T, Moroco JA, Bloch NB, Levy HR, Seo HS, Dhe-Paganon S, Bird GH, Herce HD, Gygi MA, Escudero S, Wales TE, Engen JR, Walensky LD. Structural basis for defective membrane targeting of mutant enzyme in human VLCAD deficiency. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3669. [PMID: 35760926 PMCID: PMC9237092 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31466-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) is an inner mitochondrial membrane enzyme that catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of long-chain fatty acid oxidation. Point mutations in human VLCAD can produce an inborn error of metabolism called VLCAD deficiency that can lead to severe pathophysiologic consequences, including cardiomyopathy, hypoglycemia, and rhabdomyolysis. Discrete mutations in a structurally-uncharacterized C-terminal domain region of VLCAD cause enzymatic deficiency by an incompletely defined mechanism. Here, we conducted a structure-function study, incorporating X-ray crystallography, hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, computational modeling, and biochemical analyses, to characterize a specific membrane interaction defect of full-length, human VLCAD bearing the clinically-observed mutations, A450P or L462P. By disrupting a predicted α-helical hairpin, these mutations either partially or completely impair direct interaction with the membrane itself. Thus, our data support a structural basis for VLCAD deficiency in patients with discrete mutations in an α-helical membrane-binding motif, resulting in pathologic enzyme mislocalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S. Prew
- grid.65499.370000 0001 2106 9910Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA ,grid.65499.370000 0001 2106 9910Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - Christina M. Camara
- grid.65499.370000 0001 2106 9910Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA ,grid.65499.370000 0001 2106 9910Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - Thomas Botzanowski
- grid.261112.70000 0001 2173 3359Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jamie A. Moroco
- grid.261112.70000 0001 2173 3359Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Noah B. Bloch
- grid.65499.370000 0001 2106 9910Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA ,grid.65499.370000 0001 2106 9910Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - Hannah R. Levy
- grid.65499.370000 0001 2106 9910Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA ,grid.65499.370000 0001 2106 9910Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - Hyuk-Soo Seo
- grid.65499.370000 0001 2106 9910Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA ,grid.65499.370000 0001 2106 9910Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - Sirano Dhe-Paganon
- grid.65499.370000 0001 2106 9910Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA ,grid.65499.370000 0001 2106 9910Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - Gregory H. Bird
- grid.65499.370000 0001 2106 9910Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA ,grid.65499.370000 0001 2106 9910Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - Henry D. Herce
- grid.65499.370000 0001 2106 9910Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA ,grid.65499.370000 0001 2106 9910Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - Micah A. Gygi
- grid.65499.370000 0001 2106 9910Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA ,grid.65499.370000 0001 2106 9910Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - Silvia Escudero
- grid.65499.370000 0001 2106 9910Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA ,grid.65499.370000 0001 2106 9910Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - Thomas E. Wales
- grid.261112.70000 0001 2173 3359Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
| | - John R. Engen
- grid.261112.70000 0001 2173 3359Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Loren D. Walensky
- grid.65499.370000 0001 2106 9910Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA ,grid.65499.370000 0001 2106 9910Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
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31
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Rivera-Sanchez SP, Ocampo-Ibáñez ID, Liscano Y, Martínez N, Muñoz I, Manrique-Moreno M, Martinez-Martinez L, Oñate-Garzon J. Integrating In Vitro and In Silico Analysis of a Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide Interaction with Model Membranes of Colistin-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061248. [PMID: 35745820 PMCID: PMC9230736 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial antibiotic resistance is a serious global public health concern. Infections caused by colistin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPa) strains represent a serious threat due to their considerable morbidity and mortality rates, since most of the current empirical antibiotic therapies are ineffective against these strains. Accordingly, cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) have emerged as promising alternatives to control resistant bacteria. In this study, the interaction of a CAMP derived from cecropin D-like (∆M2) with model membranes mimicking bacterial biomembranes of wild-type (WTPa) strains of P. aeruginosa and CRPa was evaluated through in vitro and in silico approaches. In vitro interaction was determined by infrared spectroscopy, whereas in silico molecular dynamics was performed to predict specific interactions between amino acids of ∆M2 and lipids of model membrane systems. Experimental analysis showed this peptide interacted with the lipids of bacterial-like model membranes of WTPa and CRPa. In both cases, an increase in the concentration of peptides induced an increase in the phase transition temperature of the lipid systems. On the other hand, the peptides in solution underwent a transition from a random to a helical secondary structure after interacting with the membranes mostly favored in the CRPa system. The α-helix structure percentage for ΔM2 interacting with WTPa and CRPa lipid systems was 6.4 and 33.2%, respectively. Finally, molecular dynamics showed ∆M2 to have the most affinities toward the phospholipids palmitoyl-oleyl-phosphatidylglycerol (POPG) and palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (POPE) that mimic membranes of WTPa and CRPa, respectively. This work provides clues for elucidating the membrane-associated mechanism of action of ∆M2 against colistin-susceptible and -resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Patricia Rivera-Sanchez
- Research Group of Microbiology, Industry and Environment, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Universidad Santiago of Cali, Cali 760035, Colombia; (I.D.O.-I.); (N.M.); (I.M.)
- Transnational Research Group on Infectious Diseases, PhD School of Biomedicine, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.P.R.-S.); (J.O.-G.)
| | - Iván Darío Ocampo-Ibáñez
- Research Group of Microbiology, Industry and Environment, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Universidad Santiago of Cali, Cali 760035, Colombia; (I.D.O.-I.); (N.M.); (I.M.)
| | - Yamil Liscano
- Research Group of Comprehensive Health (GISI), Department Faculty of Health, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali 760035, Colombia;
| | - Natalia Martínez
- Research Group of Microbiology, Industry and Environment, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Universidad Santiago of Cali, Cali 760035, Colombia; (I.D.O.-I.); (N.M.); (I.M.)
| | - Isamar Muñoz
- Research Group of Microbiology, Industry and Environment, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Universidad Santiago of Cali, Cali 760035, Colombia; (I.D.O.-I.); (N.M.); (I.M.)
| | - Marcela Manrique-Moreno
- Chemistry Institute, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia;
| | - Luis Martinez-Martinez
- Microbiology Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, 14008 Córdoba, Spain;
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, 14008 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Soil Sciencies and Microbiology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Oñate-Garzon
- Research Group of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Universidad Santiago of Cali, Cali 760035, Colombia
- Correspondence: (S.P.R.-S.); (J.O.-G.)
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pH-Sensitive Liposomes for Enhanced Cellular Uptake and Cytotoxicity of Daunorubicin in Melanoma (B16-BL6) Cell Lines. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061128. [PMID: 35745701 PMCID: PMC9228428 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Daunorubicin (DNR) was delivered using a pH-sensitive liposomal system in B16-BL6 melanoma cell lines for enhanced cytotoxic effects. DNR was encapsulated within liposomes and CL as a component of the lipid bilayer. PEGylated pH-sensitive liposomes, containing CL, were prepared in the molar ratio of 40:30:5:17:8 for DOPE/cholesterol/DSPE-mPEG (2000)/CL/SA using the lipid film hydration method and loaded with DNR (drug: lipid ratio of 1:5). The CL liposomes exhibited high drug encapsulation efficiency (>90%), a small size (~94 nm), narrow size distribution (polydispersity index ~0.16), and a rapid release profile at acidic pH (within 1 h). Furthermore, the CL liposomes exhibited 12.5- and 2.5-fold higher cytotoxicity compared to DNR or liposomes similar to DaunoXome®. This study provides a basis for developing DNR pH-sensitive liposomes for melanoma treatment.
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Klaiss-Luna MC, Manrique-Moreno M. Infrared Spectroscopic Study of Multi-Component Lipid Systems: A Closer Approximation to Biological Membrane Fluidity. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:534. [PMID: 35629860 PMCID: PMC9147058 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Membranes are essential to cellular organisms, and play several roles in cellular protection as well as in the control and transport of nutrients. One of the most critical membrane properties is fluidity, which has been extensively studied, using mainly single component systems. In this study, we used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to evaluate the thermal behavior of multi-component supported lipid bilayers that mimic the membrane composition of tumoral and non-tumoral cell membranes, as well as microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that, for tumoral and non-tumoral membrane models, the presence of cholesterol induced a loss of cooperativity of the transition. However, in the absence of cholesterol, the transitions of the multi-component lipid systems had sigmoidal curves where the gel and fluid phases are evident and where main transition temperatures were possible to determine. Additionally, the possibility of designing multi-component lipid systems showed the potential to obtain several microorganism models, including changes in the cardiolipin content associated with the resistance mechanism in Staphylococcus aureus. Finally, the potential use of multi-component lipid systems in the determination of the conformational change of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 was studied. The results showed that LL-37 underwent a conformational change when interacting with Staphylococcus aureus models, instead of with the erythrocyte membrane model. The results showed the versatile applications of multi-component lipid systems studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcela Manrique-Moreno
- Chemistry Institute, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, A.A. 1226, Medellin 050010, Colombia;
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34
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Cytochrome c Interaction with Cardiolipin Plays a Key Role in Cell Apoptosis: Implications for Human Diseases. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14040767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the cell cytochrome, c performs different functions depending on the environment in which it acts; therefore, it has been classified as a multifunction protein. When anchored to the outer side of the inner mitochondrial membrane, native cytochrome c acts as a Schweitzer-StennerSchweitzer-Stenner that transfers electrons from cytochrome c reductase to cytochrome c oxidase in the respiratory chain. On the other hand, to interact with cardiolipin (one of the phospholipids making up the mitochondrial membrane) and form the cytochrome c/cardiolipin complex in the apoptotic process, the protein reorganizes its structure into a non-native state characterized by different asymmetry. The formation of the cytochrome c/cardiolipin complex is a fundamental step of the apoptotic pathway, since the structural rearrangement induces peroxidase activity in cytochrome c, the subsequent permeabilization of the membrane, and the release of the free protein into the cytoplasm, where cytochrome c activates the apoptotic process. Apoptosis is closely related to the pathogenesis of neoplastic, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases; in this contest, the biosynthesis and remodeling of cardiolipin are crucial for the regulation of the apoptotic process. Since the role of cytochrome c as a promoter of apoptosis strictly depends on the non-native conformation(s) that the protein acquires when bound to the cardiolipin and such event leads to cytochrome c traslocation into the cytosol, the structural and functional properties of the cytochrome c/cardiolipin complex in cell fate will be the focus of the present review.
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35
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Sule K, Prenner EJ. Lipid headgroup and side chain architecture determine manganese-induced dose dependent membrane rigidification and liposome size increase. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2022; 51:205-223. [PMID: 35166865 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-022-01589-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal ion-membrane interactions have gained appreciable attention over the years resulting in increasing investigations into the mode of action of toxic and essential metals. More work has focused on essential ions like Ca or Mg and toxic metals like Cd and Pb, whereas this study investigates the effects of the abundant essential trace metal manganese with model lipid systems by screening zwitterionic and anionic glycerophospholipids. Despite its essentiality, deleterious impact towards cell survival is known under Mn stress. The fluorescent dyes Laurdan and diphenylhexatriene were used to assess changes in membrane fluidity both in the head group and hydrophobic core region of the membrane, respectively. Mn-rigidified membranes composed of the anionic phospholipids, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin, and phosphatidylserine. Strong binding resulted in large shifts of the phase transition temperature. The increase was in the order phosphatidylserine > phosphatidylglycerol > cardiolipin, and in all cases, saturated analogues > mono-unsaturated forms. Dynamic light scattering measurements revealed that Mn caused extensive aggregation of liposomes composed of saturated analogues of phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylserine, whilst the mono-unsaturated analogue had significant membrane swelling. Increased membrane rigidity may interfere with permeability of ions and small molecules, possibly disrupting cellular homeostasis. Moreover, liposome size changes could indicate fusion, which could also be detrimental to cellular transport. Overall, this study provided further understanding into the effects of Mn with biomembranes, whereby the altered membrane properties are consequential to the proper structural and signalling functions of membrane lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Sule
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Elmar J Prenner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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36
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Gaffney KA, Guo R, Bridges MD, Muhammednazaar S, Chen D, Kim M, Yang Z, Schilmiller AL, Faruk NF, Peng X, Jones AD, Kim KH, Sun L, Hubbell WL, Sosnick TR, Hong H. Lipid bilayer induces contraction of the denatured state ensemble of a helical-bundle membrane protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2109169119. [PMID: 34969836 PMCID: PMC8740594 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109169119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining the denatured state ensemble (DSE) and disordered proteins is essential to understanding folding, chaperone action, degradation, and translocation. As compared with water-soluble proteins, the DSE of membrane proteins is much less characterized. Here, we measure the DSE of the helical membrane protein GlpG of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in native-like lipid bilayers. The DSE was obtained using our steric trapping method, which couples denaturation of doubly biotinylated GlpG to binding of two streptavidin molecules. The helices and loops are probed using limited proteolysis and mass spectrometry, while the dimensions are determined using our paramagnetic biotin derivative and double electron-electron resonance spectroscopy. These data, along with our Upside simulations, identify the DSE as being highly dynamic, involving the topology changes and unfolding of some of the transmembrane (TM) helices. The DSE is expanded relative to the native state but only to 15 to 75% of the fully expanded condition. The degree of expansion depends on the local protein packing and the lipid composition. E. coli's lipid bilayer promotes the association of TM helices in the DSE and, probably in general, facilitates interhelical interactions. This tendency may be the outcome of a general lipophobic effect of proteins within the cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Gaffney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Ruiqiong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Michael D Bridges
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | | | - Daoyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Miyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Zhongyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108
| | - Anthony L Schilmiller
- Research Technology Support Facility Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomics Core, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Nabil F Faruk
- Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Xiangda Peng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - A Daniel Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Research Technology Support Facility Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomics Core, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Kelly H Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Liangliang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Wayne L Hubbell
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Tobin R Sosnick
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637;
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Heedeok Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824;
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
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Ji J, Greenberg ML. Cardiolipin function in the yeast S. cerevisiae and the lessons learned for Barth syndrome. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:60-71. [PMID: 34626131 PMCID: PMC8755574 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is the signature phospholipid (PL) of mitochondria and plays a pivotal role in mitochondrial and cellular function. Disruption of the CL remodeling gene tafazzin (TAZ) causes the severe genetic disorder Barth syndrome (BTHS). Our current understanding of the function of CL and the mechanism underlying the disease has greatly benefited from studies utilizing the powerful yeast model Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this review, we discuss important findings on the function of CL and its remodeling from yeast studies and the implications of these findings for BTHS, highlighting the potential physiological modifiers that may contribute to the disparities in clinical presentation among BTHS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Ji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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38
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Drost M, Diamanti E, Fuhrmann K, Goes A, Shams A, Haupenthal J, Koch M, Hirsch AKH, Fuhrmann G. Bacteriomimetic Liposomes Improve Antibiotic Activity of a Novel Energy-Coupling Factor Transporter Inhibitor. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:4. [PMID: 35056900 PMCID: PMC8779172 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomes have been studied for decades as nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for cytostatics, and more recently, for antibiotics. Such nanoantibiotics show improved antibacterial efficacy compared to the free drug and can be effective despite bacterial recalcitrance. In this work, we present a loading method of bacteriomimetic liposomes for a novel, hydrophobic compound (HIPS5031) inhibiting energy-coupling factor transporters (ECF transporters), an underexplored antimicrobial target. The liposomes were composed of DOPG (18:1 (Δ9-cis) phosphatidylglycerol) and CL (cardiolipin), resembling the cell membrane of Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae, and enriched with cholesterol (Chol). The size and polydispersity of the DOPG/CL/± Chol liposomes remained stable over 8 weeks when stored at 4 °C. Loading of the ECF transporter inhibitor was achieved by thin film hydration and led to a high encapsulation efficiency of 33.19% ± 9.5% into the DOPG/CL/Chol liposomes compared to the phosphatidylcholine liposomes (DMPC/DPPC). Bacterial growth inhibition assays on the model organism Bacillus subtilis revealed liposomal HIPS5031 as superior to the free drug, showing a 3.5-fold reduction in CFU/mL at a concentration of 9.64 µM. Liposomal HIPS5031 was also shown to reduce B. subtilis biofilm. Our findings present an explorative basis for bacteriomimetic liposomes as a strategy against drug-resistant pathogens by surpassing the drug-formulation barriers of innovative, yet unfavorably hydrophobic, antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menka Drost
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (M.D.); (E.D.); (K.F.); (A.G.); (A.S.); (J.H.); (A.K.H.H.)
- Department of Biology, Pharmaceutical Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eleonora Diamanti
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (M.D.); (E.D.); (K.F.); (A.G.); (A.S.); (J.H.); (A.K.H.H.)
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Kathrin Fuhrmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (M.D.); (E.D.); (K.F.); (A.G.); (A.S.); (J.H.); (A.K.H.H.)
| | - Adriely Goes
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (M.D.); (E.D.); (K.F.); (A.G.); (A.S.); (J.H.); (A.K.H.H.)
| | - Atanaz Shams
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (M.D.); (E.D.); (K.F.); (A.G.); (A.S.); (J.H.); (A.K.H.H.)
| | - Jörg Haupenthal
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (M.D.); (E.D.); (K.F.); (A.G.); (A.S.); (J.H.); (A.K.H.H.)
| | - Marcus Koch
- INM-Leibniz-Institut für Neue Materialien, Campus D2.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany;
| | - Anna K. H. Hirsch
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (M.D.); (E.D.); (K.F.); (A.G.); (A.S.); (J.H.); (A.K.H.H.)
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus C1.7, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Gregor Fuhrmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (M.D.); (E.D.); (K.F.); (A.G.); (A.S.); (J.H.); (A.K.H.H.)
- Department of Biology, Pharmaceutical Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Xu Y, Erdjument‐Bromage H, Phoon CKL, Neubert TA, Ren M, Schlame M. Cardiolipin remodeling enables protein crowding in the inner mitochondrial membrane. EMBO J 2021; 40:e108428. [PMID: 34661298 PMCID: PMC8634138 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial cristae are extraordinarily crowded with proteins, which puts stress on the bilayer organization of lipids. We tested the hypothesis that the high concentration of proteins drives the tafazzin-catalyzed remodeling of fatty acids in cardiolipin, thereby reducing bilayer stress in the membrane. Specifically, we tested whether protein crowding induces cardiolipin remodeling and whether the lack of cardiolipin remodeling prevents the membrane from accumulating proteins. In vitro, the incorporation of large amounts of proteins into liposomes altered the outcome of the remodeling reaction. In yeast, the concentration of proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) correlated with the cardiolipin composition. Genetic ablation of either remodeling or biosynthesis of cardiolipin caused a substantial drop in the surface density of OXPHOS proteins in the inner membrane of the mouse heart and Drosophila flight muscle mitochondria. Our data suggest that OXPHOS protein crowding induces cardiolipin remodelling and that remodeled cardiolipin supports the high concentration of these proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of AnesthesiologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Hediye Erdjument‐Bromage
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball InstituteNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of Cell BiologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Colin K L Phoon
- Department of PediatricsNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Thomas A Neubert
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball InstituteNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of Cell BiologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Mindong Ren
- Department of AnesthesiologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of Cell BiologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Michael Schlame
- Department of AnesthesiologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of Cell BiologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
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40
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NMR Reveals the Conformational Changes of Cytochrome C upon Interaction with Cardiolipin. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101031. [PMID: 34685404 PMCID: PMC8540660 DOI: 10.3390/life11101031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Conformational change of cytochrome c (cyt c) caused by interaction with cardiolipin (CL) is an important step during apoptosis, but the underlying mechanism is controversial. To comprehensively clarify the structural transformations of cyt c upon interaction with CL and avoid the unpredictable alias that might come from protein labeling or mutations, the conformation of purified yeast iso–1 cyt c with natural isotopic abundance in different contents of CL was measured by using NMR spectroscopy, in which the trimethylated group of the protein was used as a natural probe. The data demonstrate that cyt c has two partially unfolded conformations when interacted with CL: one with Fe–His33 coordination and the other with a penta–coordination heme. The Fe–His33 coordination conformation can be converted into a penta–coordination heme conformation in high content of CL. The structure of cyt c becomes partially unfolded with more exposed heme upon interaction with CL, suggesting that cyt c prefers a high peroxidase activity state in the mitochondria, which, in turn, makes CL easy to be oxidized, and causes the release of cyt c into the cytoplasm as a trigger in apoptosis.
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41
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Köhler S, Fragneto G, Alcaraz JP, Nelson A, Martin DK, Maccarini M. Nanostructural Characterization of Cardiolipin-Containing Tethered Lipid Bilayers Adsorbed on Gold and Silicon Substrates for Protein Incorporation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:8908-8923. [PMID: 34286589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A key to the development of lipid membrane-based devices is a fundamental understanding of how the molecular structure of the lipid bilayer membrane is influenced by the type of lipids used to build the membrane. This is particularly important when membrane proteins are included in these devices since the precise lipid environment affects the ability to incorporate membrane proteins and their functionality. Here, we used neutron reflectometry to investigate the structure of tethered bilayer lipid membranes and to characterize the incorporation of the NhaA sodium proton exchanger in the bilayer. The lipid membranes were composed of two lipids, dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine and cardiolipin, and were adsorbed on gold and silicon substrates using two different tethering architectures based on functionalized oligoethylene glycol molecules of different lengths. In all of the investigated samples, the addition of cardiolipin caused distinct structural rearrangement including crowding of ethylene glycol groups of the tethering molecules in the inner head region and a thinning of the lipid tail region. The incorporation of NhaA in the tethered bilayers following two different protocols is quantified, and the way protein incorporation modulates the structural properties of these membranes is detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Köhler
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC/SyNaBi, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Alcaraz
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC/SyNaBi, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Andrew Nelson
- ANSTO-Sydney, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Donald K Martin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC/SyNaBi, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marco Maccarini
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC/SyNaBi, 38000 Grenoble, France
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42
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Luchini A, Cavasso D, Radulescu A, D'Errico G, Paduano L, Vitiello G. Structural Organization of Cardiolipin-Containing Vesicles as Models of the Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membrane. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:8508-8516. [PMID: 34213914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial cytoplasmic membrane is the innermost bacterial membrane and is mainly composed of three different phospholipid species, i.e., phosphoethanolamine (PE), phosphoglycerol (PG), and cardiolipin (CL). In particular, PG and CL are responsible for the negative charge of the membrane and are often the targets of cationic antimicrobial agents. The growing resistance of bacteria toward the available antibiotics requires the development of new and more efficient antibacterial drugs. In this context, studying the physicochemical properties of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane is pivotal for understanding drug-membrane interactions at the molecular level as well as for designing drug-testing platforms. Here, we discuss the preparation and characterization of PE/PG/CL vesicle suspensions, which contain all of the main lipid components of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. The vesicle suspensions were characterized by means of small-angle neutron scattering, dynamic light scattering, and electron paramagnetic spectroscopy. By combining solution scattering and spectroscopy techniques, we propose a detailed description of the impact of different CL concentrations on the structure and dynamics of the PE/PG bilayer. CL induces the formation of thicker bilayers, which exhibit higher curvature and are overall more fluid. The experimental results contribute to shed light on the structure and dynamics of relevant model systems of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Luchini
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Domenico Cavasso
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Aurel Radulescu
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science, Garching Forschungszentrum, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, D-85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Gerardino D'Errico
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
- CSGI, Center for Colloid and Surface Science, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino FI, Italy
| | - Luigi Paduano
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
- CSGI, Center for Colloid and Surface Science, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino FI, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vitiello
- CSGI, Center for Colloid and Surface Science, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino FI, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
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43
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TTAPE-Me dye is not selective to cardiolipin and binds to common anionic phospholipids nonspecifically. Biophys J 2021; 120:3776-3786. [PMID: 34280369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification, visualization, and quantitation of cardiolipin (CL) in biological membranes is of great interest because of the important structural and physiological roles of this lipid. Selective fluorescent detection of CL using noncovalently bound fluorophore 1,1,2,2-tetrakis[4-(2-trimethylammonioethoxy)-phenylethene (TTAPE-Me) has been recently proposed. However, this dye was only tested on wild-type mitochondria or liposomes containing negligible amounts of other anionic lipids, such as phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylserine (PS). No clear preference of TTAPE-Me for binding to CL compared to PG and PS was found in our experiments on artificial liposomes, Escherichia coli inside-out vesicles, or Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria in vitro or in situ, respectively. The shapes of the emission spectra for these anionic phospholipids were also found to be indistinguishable. Thus, TTAPE-Me is not suitable for detection, visualization, and localization of CL in the presence of other anionic lipids present in substantial physiological amounts. Our experiments and complementary molecular dynamics simulations suggest that fluorescence intensity of TTAPE-Me is regulated by dynamic equilibrium between emitting dye aggregates, stabilized by unspecific but thermodynamically favorable electrostatic interactions with anionic lipids, and nonemitting dye monomers. These results should be taken into consideration when interpreting past and future results of CL detection and localization studies with this probe in vitro and in vivo. Provided methodology emphasizes minimal experimental requirements, which should be considered as a guideline during the development of novel lipid-specific probes.
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44
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Byeon SK, Ramarajan MG, Madugundu AK, Oglesbee D, Vernon HJ, Pandey A. High-resolution mass spectrometric analysis of cardiolipin profiles in Barth syndrome. Mitochondrion 2021; 60:27-32. [PMID: 34273557 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Barth syndrome is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by pathogenic variants in TAZ, which leads to a reduction in cardiolipin with a concomitant elevation of monolysocardiolipins. There is a paucity of studies characterizing changes in individual species of monolysocardiolipins, dilysocardiolipins and cardiolipin in Barth syndrome using high resolution untargeted lipidomics that can accurately annotate and quantify diverse lipids. We confirmed the structural diversity monolysocardiolipins, dilysocardiolipins and cardiolipin and identified individual species that showed previously unreported alterations in BTHS. Development of mass spectrometry-based targeted assays for these lipid biomarkers should provide an important tool for clinical diagnosis of Barth syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Kee Byeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Madan Gopal Ramarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Anil K Madugundu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India; Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Devin Oglesbee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Hilary J Vernon
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
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45
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Joubert F, Puff N. Mitochondrial Cristae Architecture and Functions: Lessons from Minimal Model Systems. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11070465. [PMID: 34201754 PMCID: PMC8306996 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11070465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of eukaryotic cells. Energy production occurs in specific dynamic membrane invaginations in the inner mitochondrial membrane called cristae. Although the integrity of these structures is recognized as a key point for proper mitochondrial function, less is known about the mechanisms at the origin of their plasticity and organization, and how they can influence mitochondria function. Here, we review the studies which question the role of lipid membrane composition based mainly on minimal model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Joubert
- Laboratoire Jean Perrin, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMR 8237, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Nicolas Puff
- Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Sorbonne Université, UFR 925 Physique, 75005 Paris, France
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, UMR 7057 CNRS, 75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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46
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Linearized esculentin-2EM shows pH dependent antibacterial activity with an alkaline optimum. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3729-3744. [PMID: 34091807 PMCID: PMC8382640 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Here the hypothesis that linearized esculentin 2EM (E2EM-lin) from Glandirana emeljanovi possesses pH dependent activity is investigated. The peptide showed weak activity against Gram-negative bacteria (MLCs ≥ 75.0 μM) but potent efficacy towards Gram-positive bacteria (MLCs ≤ 6.25 μM). E2EM-lin adopted an α-helical structure in the presence of bacterial membranes that increased as pH was increased from 6 to 8 (↑ 15.5-26.9%), whilst similar increases in pH enhanced the ability of the peptide to penetrate (↑ 2.3-5.1 mN m-1) and lyse (↑ 15.1-32.5%) these membranes. Theoretical analysis predicted that this membranolytic mechanism involved a tilted segment, that increased along the α-helical long axis of E2EM-lin (1-23) in the N → C direction, with - < µH > increasing overall from circa - 0.8 to - 0.3. In combination, these data showed that E2EM-lin killed bacteria via novel mechanisms that were enhanced by alkaline conditions and involved the formation of tilted and membranolytic, α-helical structure. The preference of E2EM-lin for Gram-positive bacteria over Gram-negative organisms was primarily driven by the superior ability of phosphatidylglycerol to induce α-helical structure in the peptide as compared to phosphatidylethanolamine. These data were used to generate a novel pore-forming model for the membranolytic activity of E2EM-lin, which would appear to be the first, major reported instance of pH dependent AMPs with alkaline optima using tilted structure to drive a pore-forming process. It is proposed that E2EM-lin has the potential for development to serve purposes ranging from therapeutic usage, such as chronic wound disinfection, to food preservation by killing food spoilage organisms.
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47
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Landajuela A, Braun M, Rodrigues CDA, Martínez-Calvo A, Doan T, Horenkamp F, Andronicos A, Shteyn V, Williams ND, Lin C, Wingreen NS, Rudner DZ, Karatekin E. FisB relies on homo-oligomerization and lipid binding to catalyze membrane fission in bacteria. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001314. [PMID: 34185788 PMCID: PMC8274934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about mechanisms of membrane fission in bacteria despite their requirement for cytokinesis. The only known dedicated membrane fission machinery in bacteria, fission protein B (FisB), is expressed during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis and is required to release the developing spore into the mother cell cytoplasm. Here, we characterized the requirements for FisB-mediated membrane fission. FisB forms mobile clusters of approximately 12 molecules that give way to an immobile cluster at the engulfment pole containing approximately 40 proteins at the time of membrane fission. Analysis of FisB mutants revealed that binding to acidic lipids and homo-oligomerization are both critical for targeting FisB to the engulfment pole and membrane fission. Experiments using artificial membranes and filamentous cells suggest that FisB does not have an intrinsic ability to sense or induce membrane curvature but can bridge membranes. Finally, modeling suggests that homo-oligomerization and trans-interactions with membranes are sufficient to explain FisB accumulation at the membrane neck that connects the engulfment membrane to the rest of the mother cell membrane during late stages of engulfment. Together, our results show that FisB is a robust and unusual membrane fission protein that relies on homo-oligomerization, lipid binding, and the unique membrane topology generated during engulfment for localization and membrane scission, but surprisingly, not on lipid microdomains, negative-curvature lipids, or curvature sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Landajuela
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Martha Braun
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | | | | | - Thierry Doan
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseilles, France
| | - Florian Horenkamp
- Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Anna Andronicos
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Vladimir Shteyn
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Nathan D Williams
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Chenxiang Lin
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ned S Wingreen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - David Z Rudner
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Erdem Karatekin
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Université de Paris, SPPIN-Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
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48
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Investigating the action of the microalgal pigment marennine on Vibrio splendidus by in vivo 2H and 31P solid-state NMR. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183642. [PMID: 34000261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work investigates the potential probiotic effect of marennine - a natural pigment produced by the diatom Haslea ostrearia - on Vibrio splendidus. These marine bacteria are often considered a threat for aquaculture; therefore, chemical antibiotics can be required to reduce bacterial outbreaks. In vivo2H solid-state NMR was used to probe the effects of marennine on the bacterial membrane in the exponential and stationary phases. Comparisons were made with polymyxin B (PxB) - an antibiotic used in aquaculture and known to interact with Gram(-) bacteria membranes. We also investigated the effect of marennine using 31P solid-state NMR on model membranes. Our results show that marennine has little effect on phospholipid headgroups dynamics, but reduces the acyl chain fluidity. Our data suggest that the two antimicrobial agents perturb V. splendidus membranes through different mechanisms. While PxB would alter the bacterial outer and inner membranes, marennine would act through a membrane stiffening mechanism, without affecting the bilayer integrity. Our study proposes this microalgal pigment, which is harmless for humans, as a potential treatment against vibriosis.
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49
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Exterkate M, de Kok NAW, Andringa RLH, Wolbert NHJ, Minnaard AJ, Driessen AJM. A promiscuous archaeal cardiolipin synthase enables construction of diverse natural and unnatural phospholipids. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100691. [PMID: 33894204 PMCID: PMC8141893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipins (CL) are a class of lipids involved in the structural organization of membranes, enzyme functioning, and osmoregulation. Biosynthesis of CLs has been studied in eukaryotes and bacteria, but has been barely explored in archaea. Unlike the common fatty acyl chain–based ester phospholipids, archaeal membranes are made up of the structurally different isoprenoid-based ether phospholipids, possibly involving a different cardiolipin biosynthesis mechanism. Here, we identified a phospholipase D motif–containing cardiolipin synthase (MhCls) from the methanogen Methanospirillum hungatei. The enzyme was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and its activity was characterized by LC-MS analysis of substrates/products. MhCls utilizes two archaetidylglycerol (AG) molecules in a transesterification reaction to synthesize glycerol-di-archaetidyl-cardiolipin (Gro-DACL) and glycerol. The enzyme is nonselective to the stereochemistry of the glycerol backbone and the nature of the lipid tail, as it also accepts phosphatidylglycerol (PG) to generate glycerol-di-phosphatidyl-cardiolipin (Gro-DPCL). Remarkably, in the presence of AG and PG, MhCls formed glycerol-archaetidyl-phosphatidyl-cardiolipin (Gro-APCL), an archaeal-bacterial hybrid cardiolipin species that so far has not been observed in nature. Due to the reversibility of the transesterification, in the presence of glycerol, Gro-DPCL can be converted back into two PG molecules. In the presence of other compounds that contain primary hydroxyl groups (e.g., alcohols, water, sugars), various natural and unique unnatural phospholipid species could be synthesized, including multiple di-phosphatidyl-cardiolipin species. Moreover, MhCls can utilize a glycolipid in the presence of phosphatidylglycerol to form a glycosyl-mono-phosphatidyl-cardiolipin species, emphasizing the promiscuity of this cardiolipin synthase that could be of interest for bio-catalytic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marten Exterkate
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels A W de Kok
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben L H Andringa
- Department of Chemical Biology, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels H J Wolbert
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan J Minnaard
- Department of Chemical Biology, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arnold J M Driessen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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50
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Ciumac D, Gong H, Campbell RA, Campana M, Xu H, Lu JR. Structural elucidation upon binding of antimicrobial peptides into binary mixed lipid monolayers mimicking bacterial membranes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 598:193-205. [PMID: 33901846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) kill microorganisms by causing structural damage to bacterial membranes. Different microorganisms often require a different type and concentration of an AMP to achieve full microbial killing. We hypothesise that the difference is caused by different membrane structure and composition. EXPERIMENTS Given the complexities of bacterial membranes, we have used monolayers of the binary DPPG/TMCL mixture to mimic the cytoplasmic membrane of Gram-positive bacteria and the binary DPPG/DPPE mixture to mimic the cytoplasmic membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, where DPPG, TMCL and DPPE stand for 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol), 1',3'-bis[1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-sn-glycerol, and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, respectively. A Langmuir trough was specially designed to control the spread lipid monolayers and facilitate neutron reflectivity measurements. FINDINGS Surface pressure-area isotherm analysis revealed that all binary lipid systems mix non-ideally, but mixing is thermodynamically favoured. An increase in the surface pressure encourages demixing, resulting in phase separation and formation of clusters. Neutron reflectivity measurements were undertaken to study the binding of an antimicrobial peptide G(IIKK)4-I-NH2 (G4) to the binary DPPG/TMCL and DPPG/DPPE monolayer mixtures at the molar ratios of 6/4 and 3/7, respectively. The results revealed stronger binding and penetration of G4 to the DPPG/TMCL monolayer, indicating greater affinity of the antimicrobial peptide due to the electrostatic interaction and more extensive penetration into the more loosely packed lipid film. This work helps explain how AMPs attack different bacterial membranes, and the results are discussed in the context of other lipid models and antibacterial studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ciumac
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Schuster Building, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Haoning Gong
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Schuster Building, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Richard A Campbell
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS-20156, 38042 Grenoble, France; Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Stopford Building, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Mario Campana
- ISIS Neutron Facility, STFC, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QZ, UK
| | - Hai Xu
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian R Lu
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Schuster Building, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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