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Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Kashfi K, Ghasemi A. Vascular nitric oxide resistance in type 2 diabetes. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:410. [PMID: 37433795 PMCID: PMC10336063 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05935-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Vascular nitric oxide (NO•) resistance, manifested by an impaired vasodilator function of NO• in both the macro- and microvessels, is a common state in type 2 diabetes (T2D) associated with developing cardiovascular events and death. Here, we summarize experimental and human evidence of vascular NO• resistance in T2D and discuss its underlying mechanisms. Human studies indicate a ~ 13-94% decrease in the endothelium (ET)-dependent vascular smooth muscle (VSM) relaxation and a 6-42% reduced response to NO• donors, i.e., sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), in patients with T2D. A decreased vascular NO• production, NO• inactivation, and impaired responsiveness of VSM to NO• [occurred due to quenching NO• activity, desensitization of its receptor soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), and/or impairment of its downstream pathway, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-protein kinase G (PKG)] are the known mechanisms underlying the vascular NO• resistance in T2D. Hyperglycemia-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and vascular insulin resistance are key players in this state. Therefore, upregulating vascular NO• availability, re-sensitizing or bypassing the non-responsive pathways to NO•, and targeting key vascular sources of ROS production may be clinically relevant pharmacological approaches to circumvent T2D-induced vascular NO• resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Chu PL, Gigliotti JC, Cechova S, Bodonyi-Kovacs G, Wang YT, Chen L, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Cai J, Isakson BE, Franceschini N, Le TH. Collectrin ( Tmem27) deficiency in proximal tubules causes hypertension in mice and a TMEM27 variant associates with blood pressure in males in a Latino cohort. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 324:F30-F42. [PMID: 36264884 PMCID: PMC9762972 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00176.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Collectrin (Tmem27), an angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 homologue, is a chaperone of amino acid transporters in the kidney and endothelium. Global collectrin knockout (KO) mice have hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, exaggerated salt sensitivity, and diminished renal blood flow. This phenotype is associated with altered nitric oxide and superoxide balance and increased proximal tubule (PT) Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) expression. Collectrin is located on the X chromosome where genome-wide association population studies have largely been excluded. In the present study, we generated PT-specific collectrin KO (PT KO) mice to determine the precise contribution of PT collectrin in blood pressure homeostasis. We also examined the association of human TMEM27 single-nucleotide polymorphisms with blood pressure traits in 11,926 Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) Hispanic/Latino participants. PT KO mice exhibited hypertension, and this was associated with increased baseline NHE3 expression and diminished lithium excretion. However, PT KO mice did not display exaggerated salt sensitivity or a reduction in renal blood flow compared with control mice. Furthermore, PT KO mice exhibited enhanced endothelium-mediated dilation, suggesting a compensatory response to systemic hypertension induced by deficiency of collectrin in the PT. In HCHS/SOL participants, we observed sex-specific single-nucleotide polymorphism associations with diastolic blood pressure. In conclusion, loss of collectrin in the PT is sufficient to induce hypertension, at least in part, through activation of NHE3. Importantly, our model supports the notion that altered renal blood flow may be a determining factor for salt sensitivity. Further studies are needed to investigate the role of the TMEM27 locus on blood pressure and salt sensitivity in humans.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The findings of our study are significant in several ways: 1) loss of an amino acid chaperone in the proximal tubule is sufficient to cause hypertension, 2) the results in global and proximal tubule-specific collectrin knockout mice support the notion that vascular dysfunction is required for salt sensitivity or that impaired renal tubule function causes hypertension but is not sufficient to cause salt sensitivity, and 3) our study is the first to implicate a role of collectrin in human hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lun Chu
- Division of Nephrology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Joseph C Gigliotti
- Department of Integrated Physiology and Pharmacology, Liberty University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lynchburg, Virginia
| | - Sylvia Cechova
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Gabor Bodonyi-Kovacs
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Yves T Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Luojing Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Jianwen Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Thu H Le
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, Rochester, New York
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Omolaoye TS, Jalaleddine N, Cardona Maya WD, du Plessis SS. Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 and Male Infertility: Could Connexin and Pannexin Play a Role? Front Physiol 2022; 13:866675. [PMID: 35721552 PMCID: PMC9205395 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.866675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on male infertility has lately received significant attention. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in humans, has been shown to impose adverse effects on both the structural components and function of the testis, which potentially impact spermatogenesis. These adverse effects are partially explained by fever, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and an increased immune response leading to impaired blood-testis barrier. It has been well established that efficient cellular communication via gap junctions or functional channels is required for tissue homeostasis. Connexins and pannexins are two protein families that mediate autocrine and paracrine signaling between the cells and the extracellular environment. These channel-forming proteins have been shown to play a role in coordinating cellular communication in the testis and epididymis. Despite their role in maintaining a proper male reproductive milieu, their function is disrupted under pathological conditions. The involvement of these channels has been well documented in several physiological and pathological conditions and their designated function in infectious diseases. However, their role in COVID-19 and their meaningful contribution to male infertility remains to be elucidated. Therefore, this review highlights the multivariate pathophysiological mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 involvement in male reproduction. It also aims to shed light on the role of connexin and pannexin channels in disease progression, emphasizing their unexplored role and regulation of SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology. Finally, we hypothesize the possible involvement of connexins and pannexins in SARS-CoV-2 inducing male infertility to assist future research ideas targeting therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temidayo S. Omolaoye
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nour Jalaleddine
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Walter D. Cardona Maya
- Reproduction Group, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Stefan S. du Plessis
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Stefan S. du Plessis,
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Kourosh-Arami M, Hosseini N, Mohsenzadegan M, Komaki A, Joghataei MT. Neurophysiologic implications of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Rev Neurosci 2021; 31:617-636. [PMID: 32739909 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2019-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The molecular and chemical properties of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) have made it a key mediator in many physiological functions and signaling transduction. The NOS monomer is inactive, but the dimer form is active. There are three forms of NOS, which are neuronal (nNOS), inducible (iNOS), and endothelial (eNOS) nitric oxide synthase. nNOS regulates nitric oxide (NO) synthesis which is the mechanism used mostly by neurons to produce NO. nNOS expression and activation is regulated by some important signaling proteins, such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB), calmodulin (CaM), heat shock protein 90 (HSP90)/HSP70. nNOS-derived NO has been implicated in modulating many physiological functions, such as synaptic plasticity, learning, memory, neurogenesis, etc. In this review, we have summarized recent studies that have characterized structural features, subcellular localization, and factors that regulate nNOS function. Finally, we have discussed the role of nNOS in the developing brain under a wide range of physiological conditions, especially long-term potentiation and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Kourosh-Arami
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Nasrin Hosseini
- Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Monireh Mohsenzadegan
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Allied Medical College, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Joghataei
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Gonçalves DA, Jasiulionis MG, de Melo FHM. The Role of the BH4 Cofactor in Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity and Cancer Progression: Two Sides of the Same Coin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9546. [PMID: 34502450 PMCID: PMC8431490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer development is associated with abnormal proliferation, genetic instability, cell death resistance, metabolic reprogramming, immunity evasion, and metastasis. These alterations are triggered by genetic and epigenetic alterations in genes that control cell homeostasis. Increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS, RNS) induced by different enzymes and reactions with distinct molecules contribute to malignant transformation and tumor progression by modifying DNA, proteins, and lipids, altering their activities. Nitric oxide synthase plays a central role in oncogenic signaling modulation and redox landscape. Overexpression of the three NOS isoforms has been found in innumerous types of cancer contributing to tumor growth and development. Although the main function of NOS is the production of nitric oxide (NO), it can be a source of ROS in some pathological conditions. Decreased tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) cofactor availability is involved in NOS dysfunction, leading to ROS production and reduced levels of NO. The regulation of NOSs by BH4 in cancer is controversial since BH4 has been reported as a pro-tumoral or an antitumoral molecule. Therefore, in this review, the role of BH4 in the control of NOS activity and its involvement in the capabilities acquired along tumor progression of different cancers was described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Assis Gonçalves
- Micro-Imuno-Parasitology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil;
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana Henriques Machado de Melo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Institute of Medical Assistance to Public Servants of the State (IAMSPE), São Paulo 04039-000, Brazil
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Mussbacher M, Pirabe A, Brunnthaler L, Schrottmaier WC, Assinger A. Horizontal MicroRNA Transfer by Platelets - Evidence and Implications. Front Physiol 2021; 12:678362. [PMID: 34149456 PMCID: PMC8209332 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.678362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, platelets have been known for their central role in hemostasis and their ability to release bioactive molecules, allowing inter-platelet communication and crosstalk with the immune system and vascular cells. However, with the detection of microRNAs in platelets and platelet-derived microvesicles (MVs), a new level of inter-cellular regulation was revealed. By shedding MVs from their plasma membrane, platelets are able to release functional microRNA complexes that are protected from plasma RNases. Upon contact with macrophages, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells platelet microRNAs are rapidly internalized and fine-tune the functionality of the recipient cell by post-transcriptional reprogramming. Moreover, microRNA transfer by platelet MVs allows infiltration into tissues with limited cellular access such as solid tumors, thereby they not only modulate tumor progression but also provide a potential route for drug delivery. Understanding the precise mechanisms of horizontal transfer of platelet microRNAs under physiological and pathological conditions allows to design side-specific therapeutic (micro)RNA delivery systems. This review summarizes the current knowledge and the scientific evidence of horizontal microRNA transfer by platelets and platelet-derived MVs into vascular and non-vascular cells and its physiological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Mussbacher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anita Pirabe
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Brunnthaler
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Alice Assinger
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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7
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Pfeiffer T, Li Y, Attwell D. Diverse mechanisms regulating brain energy supply at the capillary level. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2021; 69:41-50. [PMID: 33485189 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neural information processing depends critically on the brain's energy supply, which is provided in the form of glucose and oxygen in the blood. Regulation of this supply occurs by smooth muscle and contractile pericytes adjusting the diameter of arterioles and capillaries, respectively. Controversies exist over the relative importance of capillary and arteriolar level control, whether enzymatically generated signals or K+ ions are the dominant controller of cerebral blood flow, and the involvement of capillary endothelial cells. Here, we try to synthesise the relevant recent data into a coherent view of how brain energy supply is controlled and suggest approaches to answering key questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pfeiffer
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Yuening Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - David Attwell
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Mori A, Namekawa R, Sakamoto K, Ishii K, Nakahara T. Involvement of Gap Junctions in Acetylcholine-Induced Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarization-Type Dilation of Retinal Arterioles in Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1860-1865. [PMID: 34853268 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An electrical communication between the endothelial and smooth muscle cells via gap junctions, which provides the signaling pathway known as endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH), plays a crucial role in controlling the vascular tone. In this study, we investigated the role of gap junctions in the acetylcholine (ACh)-induced EDH-type dilation of rat retinal arterioles in vivo. The dilator response was evaluated by measuring the diameter of retinal arterioles. Intravitreal injection of gap junction blockers (18β-glycyrrhetinic acid and carbenoxolone) reduced the ACh-induced dilation of retinal arterioles. Moreover, the retinal arteriolar response to ACh was attenuated by 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid under treatment with a combination of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor; 30 mg/kg) and indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor; 5 mg/kg). The NO- and prostaglandin-independent, EDH-related component of ACh-induced dilation of retinal arterioles was prevented by intravitreal injection of iberiotoxin, which inhibits large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels. Furthermore, the combination of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid and iberiotoxin produced greater attenuation in the EDH-related response than that by the individual agent. Treatment with 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid revealed no significant effect on NOR3 (an NO donor)-induced retinal vasodilator response. These results suggest that gap junctions contribute to the ACh-induced, EDH-type dilation of rat retinal arterioles in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asami Mori
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Ryo Namekawa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Kenji Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Kunio Ishii
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Tsutomu Nakahara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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Kumar G, Dey SK, Kundu S. Functional implications of vascular endothelium in regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthesis to control blood pressure and cardiac functions. Life Sci 2020; 259:118377. [PMID: 32898526 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The endothelium is the innermost vascular lining performing significant roles all over the human body while maintaining the blood pressure at physiological levels. Malfunction of endothelium is thus recognized as a biomarker linked with many vascular diseases including but not limited to atherosclerosis, hypertension and thrombosis. Alternatively, prevention of endothelial malfunctioning or regulating the functions of its associated physiological partners like endothelial nitric oxide synthase can prevent the associated vascular disorders which account for the highest death toll worldwide. While many anti-hypertensive drugs are available commercially, a comprehensive description of the key physiological roles of the endothelium and its regulation by endothelial nitric oxide synthase or vice versa is the need of the hour to understand its contribution in vascular homeostasis. This, in turn, will help in designing new therapeutics targeting endothelial nitric oxide synthase or its interacting partners present in the cellular pool. This review describes the central role of vascular endothelium in the regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase while outlining the emerging drug targets present in the vasculature with potential to treat vascular disorders including hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Dey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India; Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Suman Kundu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
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Pisarenko O, Studneva I. Modulating the Bioactivity of Nitric Oxide as a Therapeutic Strategy in Cardiac Surgery. J Surg Res 2020; 257:178-188. [PMID: 32835951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac surgery, including cardioplegic arrest and extracorporeal circulation, causes endothelial dysfunction, which can lead to no-reflow phenomenon and reduction of myocardial pump function. Nitric oxide (NO) deficiency is involved in this pathologic process, thereby providing a fundamental basis for the use of NO replacement therapy. Presently used drugs and additives to cardioplegic and heart preservation solutions are not able to reliably protect endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes from ischemia-reperfusion injury. This review discusses promising NO-releasing compounds of various chemical classes for cardioplegia and reperfusion, which effectively maintain NO homeostasis under experimental conditions, and presents the mechanisms of their action on the cardiovascular system. Incomplete preclinical studies and a lack of toxicity assessment, however, hinder translation of these drug candidates into the clinic. Perspectives for modulation of endothelial function using NO-mediated mechanisms are discussed. They are based on the cardioprotective potential of targeting vascular gap junctions and endothelial ion channels, intracoronary administration of progenitor cells, and endothelial-specific microRNAs. Some of these strategies may provide important therapeutic benefits for human cardiovascular interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Pisarenko
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Irina Studneva
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a frequent complication of diabetes mellitus and an increasingly common cause of visual impairment. Blood vessel damage occurs as the disease progresses, leading to ischemia, neovascularization, blood-retina barrier (BRB) failure and eventual blindness. Although detection and treatment strategies have improved considerably over the past years, there is room for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the diabetic retina. Indeed, it has been increasingly realized that DR is in fact a disease of the retina's neurovascular unit (NVU), the multi-cellular framework underlying functional hyperemia, coupling neuronal computations to blood flow. The accumulating evidence reveals that both neurochemical (synapses) and electrical (gap junctions) means of communications between retinal cells are affected at the onset of hyperglycemia, warranting a global assessment of cellular interactions and their role in DR. This is further supported by the recent data showing down-regulation of connexin 43 gap junctions along the vascular relay from capillary to feeding arteriole as one of the earliest indicators of experimental DR, with rippling consequences to the anatomical and physiological integrity of the retina. Here, recent advancements in our knowledge of mechanisms controlling the retinal neurovascular unit will be assessed, along with their implications for future treatment and diagnosis of DR.
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Abstract
Of the 21 members of the connexin family, 4 (Cx37, Cx40, Cx43, and Cx45) are expressed in the endothelium and/or smooth muscle of intact blood vessels to a variable and dynamically regulated degree. Full-length connexins oligomerize and form channel structures connecting the cytosol of adjacent cells (gap junctions) or the cytosol with the extracellular space (hemichannels). The different connexins vary mainly with regard to length and sequence of their cytosolic COOH-terminal tails. These COOH-terminal parts, which in the case of Cx43 are also translated as independent short isoforms, are involved in various cellular signaling cascades and regulate cell functions. This review focuses on channel-dependent and -independent effects of connexins in vascular cells. Channels play an essential role in coordinating and synchronizing endothelial and smooth muscle activity and in their interplay, in the control of vasomotor actions of blood vessels including endothelial cell reactivity to agonist stimulation, nitric oxide-dependent dilation, and endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor-type responses. Further channel-dependent and -independent roles of connexins in blood vessel function range from basic processes of vascular remodeling and angiogenesis to vascular permeability and interactions with leukocytes with the vessel wall. Together, these connexin functions constitute an often underestimated basis for the enormous plasticity of vascular morphology and function enabling the required dynamic adaptation of the vascular system to varying tissue demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Pohl
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Biomedical Centre, Cardiovascular Physiology, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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13
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Kovacs-Oller T, Ivanova E, Bianchimano P, Sagdullaev BT. The pericyte connectome: spatial precision of neurovascular coupling is driven by selective connectivity maps of pericytes and endothelial cells and is disrupted in diabetes. Cell Discov 2020; 6:39. [PMID: 32566247 PMCID: PMC7296038 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-020-0180-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional hyperemia, or the matching of blood flow with activity, directs oxygen and nutrients to regionally firing neurons. The mechanisms responsible for this spatial accuracy remain unclear but are critical for brain function and establish the diagnostic resolution of BOLD-fMRI. Here, we described a mosaic of pericytes, the vasomotor capillary cells in the living retina. We then tested whether this net of pericytes and surrounding neuroglia predicted a connectivity map in response to sensory stimuli. Surprisingly, we found that these connections were not only selective across cell types, but also highly asymmetric spatially. First, pericytes connected predominantly to other neighboring pericytes and endothelial cells, and less to arteriolar smooth muscle cells, and not to surrounding neurons or glia. Second, focal, but not global stimulation evoked a directional vasomotor response by strengthening connections along the feeding vascular branch. This activity required local NO signaling and occurred by means of direct coupling via gap junctions. By contrast, bath application of NO or diabetes, a common microvascular pathology, not only weakened the vascular signaling but also abolished its directionality. We conclude that the exclusivity of neurovascular interactions may thus establish spatial accuracy of blood delivery with the precision of the neuronal receptive field size, and is disrupted early in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Kovacs-Oller
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY 10605 USA
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, H-7624 Hungary
| | - Elena Ivanova
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY 10605 USA
| | | | - Botir T. Sagdullaev
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY 10605 USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065 USA
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Role of Caveolin-1 in Diabetes and Its Complications. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9761539. [PMID: 32082483 PMCID: PMC7007939 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9761539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that in 2017 there were 451 million people with diabetes worldwide. These figures are expected to increase to 693 million by 2045; thus, innovative preventative programs and treatments are a necessity to fight this escalating pandemic disorder. Caveolin-1 (CAV1), an integral membrane protein, is the principal component of caveolae in membranes and is involved in multiple cellular functions such as endocytosis, cholesterol homeostasis, signal transduction, and mechanoprotection. Previous studies demonstrated that CAV1 is critical for insulin receptor-mediated signaling, insulin secretion, and potentially the development of insulin resistance. Here, we summarize the recent progress on the role of CAV1 in diabetes and diabetic complications.
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15
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Hautefort A, Pfenniger A, Kwak BR. Endothelial connexins in vascular function. VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 1:H117-H124. [PMID: 32923963 PMCID: PMC7439941 DOI: 10.1530/vb-19-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gap junctions are essential for intercellular crosstalk in blood and lymphatic vasculature. These clusters of intercellular channels ensure direct communication among endothelial cells and between endothelial and smooth muscle cells, and the synchronization of their behavior along the vascular tree. Gap junction channels are formed by connexins; six connexins form a connexon or hemichannel and the docking of two connexons result in a full gap junction channel allowing for the exchange of ions and small metabolites between neighboring cells. Recent evidence indicates that the intracellular domains of connexins may also function as an interaction platform (interactome) for other proteins, thereby regulating their function. Interestingly, fragments of Cx proteins generated by alternative internal translation were recently described, although their functions in the vascular wall remain to be uncovered. Variations in connexin expression are observed along different types of blood and lymphatic vessels; the most commonly found endothelial connexins are Cx37, Cx40, Cx43 and Cx47. Physiological studies on connexin-knockout mice demonstrated the essential roles of these channel-forming proteins in the coordination of vasomotor activity, endothelial permeability and inflammation, angiogenesis and in the maintenance of fluid balance in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Hautefort
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anna Pfenniger
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Medical Specializations - Cardiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Brenda R Kwak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Medical Specializations - Cardiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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16
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Mustapha M, Nassir CMNCM, Aminuddin N, Safri AA, Ghazali MM. Cerebral Small Vessel Disease (CSVD) - Lessons From the Animal Models. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1317. [PMID: 31708793 PMCID: PMC6822570 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) refers to a spectrum of clinical and imaging findings resulting from pathological processes of various etiologies affecting cerebral arterioles, perforating arteries, capillaries, and venules. Unlike large vessels, it is a challenge to visualize small vessels in vivo, hence the difficulty to directly monitor the natural progression of the disease. CSVD might progress for many years during the early stage of the disease as it remains asymptomatic. Prevalent among elderly individuals, CSVD has been alarmingly reported as an important precursor of full-blown stroke and vascular dementia. Growing evidence has also shown a significant association between CSVD's radiological manifestation with dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Although it remains contentious as to whether CSVD is a cause or sequelae of AD, it is not far-fetched to posit that effective therapeutic measures of CSVD would mitigate the overall burden of dementia. Nevertheless, the unifying theory on the pathomechanism of the disease remains elusive, hence the lack of effective therapeutic approaches. Thus, this chapter consolidates the contemporary insights from numerous experimental animal models of CSVD, to date: from the available experimental animal models of CSVD and its translational research value; the pathomechanical aspects of the disease; relevant aspects on systems biology; opportunities for early disease biomarkers; and finally, converging approaches for future therapeutic directions of CSVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzaimi Mustapha
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | | | - Niferiti Aminuddin
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Amanina Ahmad Safri
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Mazira Mohamad Ghazali
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
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17
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Pogoda K, Kameritsch P, Mannell H, Pohl U. Connexins in the control of vasomotor function. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13108. [PMID: 29858558 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells, as well as smooth muscle cells, show heterogeneity with regard to their receptor expression and reactivity. For the vascular wall to act as a functional unit, the various cells' responses require integration. Such an integration is not only required for a homogeneous response of the vascular wall, but also for the vasomotor behaviour of consecutive segments of the microvascular arteriolar tree. As flow resistances of individual sections are connected in series, sections require synchronization and coordination to allow effective changes of conductivity and blood flow. A prerequisite for the local coordination of individual vascular cells and different sections of an arteriolar tree is intercellular communication. Connexins are involved in a dual manner in this coordination. (i) By forming gap junctions between cells, they allow an intercellular exchange of signalling molecules and electrical currents. In particular, the spread of electrical currents allows for coordination of cell responses over longer distances. (ii) Connexins are able to interact with other proteins to form signalling complexes. In this way, they can modulate and integrate individual cells' responses also in a channel-independent manner. This review outlines mechanisms allowing the vascular connexins to exert their coordinating function and to regulate the vasomotor reactions of blood vessels both locally, and in vascular networks. Wherever possible, we focus on the vasomotor behaviour of small vessels and arterioles which are the main vessels determining vascular resistance, blood pressure and local blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Pogoda
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine; University Hospital; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
- Biomedical Center; Cardiovascular Physiology; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research); Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance; Munich Germany
| | - P. Kameritsch
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine; University Hospital; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
- Biomedical Center; Cardiovascular Physiology; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research); Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance; Munich Germany
| | - H. Mannell
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine; University Hospital; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
- Biomedical Center; Cardiovascular Physiology; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
| | - U. Pohl
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine; University Hospital; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
- Biomedical Center; Cardiovascular Physiology; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research); Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance; Munich Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy); Munich Germany
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18
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Htet M, Nally JE, Shaw A, Foote BE, Martin PE, Dempsie Y. Connexin 43 Plays a Role in Pulmonary Vascular Reactivity in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1891. [PMID: 29954114 PMCID: PMC6073802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic condition characterized by vascular remodeling and increased vaso-reactivity. PAH is more common in females than in males (~3:1). Connexin (Cx)43 has been shown to be involved in cellular communication within the pulmonary vasculature. Therefore, we investigated the role of Cx43 in pulmonary vascular reactivity using Cx43 heterozygous (Cx43+/−) mice and 37,43Gap27, which is a pharmacological inhibitor of Cx37 and Cx43. Contraction and relaxation responses were studied in intra-lobar pulmonary arteries (IPAs) derived from normoxic mice and hypoxic mice using wire myography. IPAs from male Cx43+/− mice displayed a small but significant increase in the contractile response to endothelin-1 (but not 5-hydroxytryptamine) under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. There was no difference in the contractile response to endothelin-1 (ET-1) or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in IPAs derived from female Cx43+/−mice compared to wildtype mice. Relaxation responses to methacholine (MCh) were attenuated in IPAs from male and female Cx43+/− mice or by pre-incubation of IPAs with 37,43Gap27. Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) fully inhibited MCh-induced relaxation. In conclusion, Cx43 is involved in nitric oxide (NO)-induced pulmonary vascular relaxation and plays a gender-specific and agonist-specific role in pulmonary vascular contractility. Therefore, reduced Cx43 signaling may contribute to pulmonary vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myo Htet
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
| | - Jane E Nally
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
| | - Andrew Shaw
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
| | - Bradley E Foote
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
| | - Patricia E Martin
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
| | - Yvonne Dempsie
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
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19
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Nitric oxide, PKC-ε, and connexin43 are crucial for ischemic preconditioning-induced chemical gap junction uncoupling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:69243-69255. [PMID: 27655723 PMCID: PMC5342474 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) maintains connexin43 (Cx43) phosphorylation and reduces chemical gap junction (GJ) coupling in cardiomyocytes to protect against ischemic damage. However, the signal transduction pathways underlying these effects are not fully understood. Here, we investigated whether nitric oxide (NO) and protein kinase C-ε (PKC-ε) contribute to IPC-induced cardioprotection by maintaining Cx43 phosphorylation and inhibiting chemical GJ coupling. IPC reduced ischemia-induced myocardial infarction and increased cardiomyocyte survival; phosphorylated Cx43, eNOS, and PKC-ε levels; and chemical GJ uncoupling. Administration of the NO donor SNAP mimicked the effects of IPC both in vivo and in vitro, maintaining Cx43 phosphorylation, promoting chemical GJ uncoupling, and reducing myocardial infarction. Preincubation with the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME or PKC-ε translocation inhibitory peptide (PKC-ε-TIP) abolished these effects of IPC. Additionally, by inducing NO production, IPC induced translocation of PKC-ε, but not PKC-δ, from the cytosolic to the membrane fraction in primary cardiac myocytes. IPC-induced cardioprotection thus involves increased NO production, PKC-ε translocation, Cx43 phosphorylation, and chemical GJ uncoupling.
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20
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Lemmey HAL, Ye X, Ding HC, Triggle CR, Garland CJ, Dora KA. Hyperglycaemia disrupts conducted vasodilation in the resistance vasculature of db/db mice. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 103-105:29-35. [PMID: 29339138 PMCID: PMC5906692 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction in small resistance arteries is observed during chronic elevations in blood glucose. Hyperglycaemia-associated effects on endothelium-dependent vasodilation have been well characterized, but effects on conducted vasodilation in the resistance vasculature are not known. Small mesenteric arteries were isolated from healthy and diabetic db/db mice, which were used as a model of chronic hyperglycaemia. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation via the Gq/11-coupled proteinase activated receptor 2 (PAR2) was stimulated with the selective agonist SLIGRL. The Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent indicator fluo-8 reported changes in endothelial cell (EC) [Ca2+]i, and triple cannulated bifurcating mesenteric arteries were used to study conducted vasodilation. Chronic hyperglycaemia did not affect either EC Ca2+ or local vasodilation to SLIGRL. However, both acute and chronic exposure to high glucose or the mannitol osmotic control attenuated conducted vasodilation to 10μM SLIGRL. This investigation demonstrates for the first time that a hypertonic solution containing glucose or mannitol can interfere with the spread of a hyperpolarizing current along the endothelium in a physiological setting. Our findings reiterate the importance of studying the effects of hyperglycaemia in the vasculature, and provide the basis for further studies regarding the modulation of junctional proteins involved in cell to cell communication by diseases such as diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish A L Lemmey
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Xi Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Hong C Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Christopher R Triggle
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Christopher J Garland
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Kim A Dora
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
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21
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Abstract
Thirty years ago, Robert F. Furchgott concluded that nitric oxide, a compound traditionally known to be a toxic component of fuel exhaust, is in fact released from the endothelium, and in a paracrine fashion, induces relaxation of underlying vascular smooth muscle resulting in vasodilation. This discovery has helped pave the way for a more thorough understanding of vascular intercellular and intracellular communication that supports the process of regulating regional perfusion to match the local tissue oxygen demand. Vasoregulation is controlled not only by endothelial release of a diverse class of vasoactive compounds such as nitric oxide, arachidonic acid metabolites, and reactive oxygen species, but also by physical forces on the vascular wall and through electrotonic conduction through gap junctions. Although the endothelium is a critical source of vasoactive compounds, paracrine mediators can also be released from surrounding parenchyma such as perivascular fat, myocardium, and cells in the arterial adventitia to exert either local or remote vasomotor effects. The focus of this review will highlight the various means by which intercellular communication contributes to mechanisms of vasodilation. Paracrine signaling and parenchymal influences will be reviewed as well as regional vessel communication through gap junctions, connexons, and myoendothelial feedback. More recent modes of communication such as vesicular and microRNA signaling will also be discussed.
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22
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Alvarez RA, Miller MP, Hahn SA, Galley JC, Bauer E, Bachman T, Hu J, Sembrat J, Goncharov D, Mora AL, Rojas M, Goncharova E, Straub AC. Targeting Pulmonary Endothelial Hemoglobin α Improves Nitric Oxide Signaling and Reverses Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Dysfunction. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 57:733-744. [PMID: 28800253 PMCID: PMC5765416 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0418oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is characterized by pulmonary endothelial dysfunction. Previous work showed that systemic artery endothelial cells (ECs) express hemoglobin (Hb) α to control nitric oxide (NO) diffusion, but the role of this system in pulmonary circulation has not been evaluated. We hypothesized that up-regulation of Hb α in pulmonary ECs contributes to NO depletion and pulmonary vascular dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension. Primary distal pulmonary arterial vascular smooth muscle cells, lung tissue sections from unused donor (control) and idiopathic pulmonary artery (PA) hypertension lungs, and rat and mouse models of SU5416/hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) were used. Immunohistochemical, immunocytochemical, and immunoblot analyses and transfection, infection, DNA synthesis, apoptosis, migration, cell count, and protein activity assays were performed in this study. Cocultures of human pulmonary microvascular ECs and distal pulmonary arterial vascular smooth muscle cells, lung tissue from control and pulmonary hypertensive lungs, and a mouse model of chronic hypoxia-induced PH were used. Immunohistochemical, immunoblot analyses, spectrophotometry, and blood vessel myography experiments were performed in this study. We find increased expression of Hb α in pulmonary endothelium from humans and mice with PH compared with controls. In addition, we show up-regulation of Hb α in human pulmonary ECs cocultured with PA smooth muscle cells in hypoxia. We treated pulmonary ECs with a Hb α mimetic peptide that disrupts the association of Hb α with endothelial NO synthase, and found that cells treated with the peptide exhibited increased NO signaling compared with a scrambled peptide. Myography experiments using pulmonary arteries from hypoxic mice show that the Hb α mimetic peptide enhanced vasodilation in response to acetylcholine. Our findings reveal that endothelial Hb α functions as an endogenous scavenger of NO in the pulmonary endothelium. Targeting this pathway may offer a novel therapeutic target to increase endogenous levels of NO in PH.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomimetic Materials/pharmacology
- Coculture Techniques
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Female
- Hemoglobin A/biosynthesis
- Humans
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/drug therapy
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology
- Male
- Mice
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/genetics
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Peptides/pharmacology
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Pulmonary Artery/physiopathology
- Rats
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Vasodilation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A. Alvarez
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; and
| | | | | | - Joseph C. Galley
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology
| | | | - Timothy Bachman
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jian Hu
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John Sembrat
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dmitry Goncharov
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ana L. Mora
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Elena Goncharova
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Adam C. Straub
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology
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23
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Whyte-Fagundes P, Siu R, Brown C, Zoidl G. Pannexins in vision, hearing, olfaction and taste. Neurosci Lett 2017; 695:32-39. [PMID: 28495272 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, the pannexin gene family consists of three members (Panx1, 2, 3), which represent a class of integral membrane channel proteins sharing some structural features with chordate gap junction proteins, the connexins. Since their discovery in the early 21st century, pannexin expression has been detected throughout the vertebrate body including eye, ear, nose and tongue, making the investigation of the roles of this new class of channel protein in health and disease very appealing. The localization in sensory organs, coupled with unique channel properties and associations with major signaling pathways make Panx1, and its relative's, significant contributors for fundamental functions in sensory perception. Until recently, cell-based studies were at the forefront of pannexin research. Lately, the availability of mice with genetic ablation of pannexins opened new avenues for testing pannexin functions and behavioural phenotyping. Although we are only at the beginning of understanding the roles of pannexins in health and disease, this review summarizes recent advances in elucidating the various emerging roles pannexins play in sensory systems, with an emphasis on unresolved conflicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Whyte-Fagundes
- Graduate Program In Biology, Faculty of Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan Siu
- Graduate Program In Biology, Faculty of Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cherie Brown
- Graduate Program In Biology, Faculty of Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Georg Zoidl
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada; Center for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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24
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Xu J, Chen L, Li L. Pannexin hemichannels: A novel promising therapy target for oxidative stress related diseases. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2075-2090. [PMID: 28295275 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pannexins, which contain three subtypes: pannexin-1, -2, and -3, are vertebrate glycoproteins that form non-junctional plasma membrane intracellular hemichannels via oligomerization. Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance of the generation and elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Studies have shown that elevated ROS levels are pivotal in the development of a variety of diseases. Recent studies indicate that the occurrence of these oxidative stress related diseases is associated with pannexin hemichannels. It is also reported that pannexins regulate the production of ROS which in turn may increase the opening of pannexin hemichannels. In this paper, we review recent researches about the important role of pannexin hemichannels in oxidative stress related diseases. Thus, pannexin hemichannels, novel therapeutic targets, hold promise in managing oxidative stress related diseases such as the tumor, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance (IR), and neural degeneration diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, P. R. China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, P. R. China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, P. R. China
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25
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Xie F, Rong B, Wang TC, Hao L, Lin MJ, Zhong JQ. Interaction between nitric oxide signaling and gap junctions during ischemic preconditioning: Importance of S-nitrosylation vs. protein kinase G activation. Nitric Oxide 2017; 65:37-42. [PMID: 28216239 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Much effort has been dedicated to exploring the mechanisms of IPC, and the GJ is one of the proposed targets of IPC. Several lines of evidence have indicated that NO affects GJ permeability regulation and expression of connexin isoforms. NO-induced stimulation of the sGC-cGMP pathway and the subsequent PKG activation could lead directly to connexin phosphorylation and GJ coupling modification. Additionally, because NO-induced cardioprotection against I/R injury beyond the cGMP/PKG-dependent pathway has been reported in isolated cardiomyocytes, it has been posited that NO-mediated GJ coupling might be independent from the activation of the NO-induced cGMP/PKG pathway during IPC. S-nitrosylation by NO exerts a major influence in IPC-induced cardioprotection. It has been suggested that NO-mediated cardioprotection during IPC was not dependent on sGC/cGMP/PKG but on SNO signaling. We need more researches to prove that which signaling pathway (S-nitrosylation or protein kinase G activation) is the major one modulating GJ coupling during IPC. The aim of review article is to discuss the possible signaling pathways of NO in regulating GJ during IPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Emergency Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bing Rong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Cadre Health Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tian-Cheng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming-Jie Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing-Quan Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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26
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Wang LJ, Zhang WW, Zhang L, Shi WY, Wang YZ, Ma KT, Liu WD, Zhao L, Li L, Si JQ. Association of connexin gene polymorphism with essential hypertension in Kazak and Han Chinese in Xinjiang, China. JOURNAL OF HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. MEDICAL SCIENCES = HUA ZHONG KE JI DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE YING DE WEN BAN = HUAZHONG KEJI DAXUE XUEBAO. YIXUE YINGDEWEN BAN 2017; 37:197-203. [PMID: 28397038 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-017-1715-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Essential hypertension (EH) is affected by both genetic and environmental factors. The polymorphism of connexin (Cx) genes is found associated with the development of hypertension. However, the association of the polymorphism of Cxs with EH has not been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the association of the polymorphism of connexin (Cx) genes Cx37, Cx40, and Cx43 with EH in Kazak and Han Chinese in Xinjiang, China. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) were used to analyze the polymorphism of Cx genes in Kazak and Han EH patients as well as their normotensive controls. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the frequencies of different three genotypes (A/A, A/G, and G/G) and A and G alleles of Cx40 rs35594137 and rs11552588 between EH patients and normotensive controls. However, in Kazak EH patients, the frequencies of three genotypes (A/A, A/G, and G/G) of Cx37 rs1630310 were 24.8%, 47.2% and 28.0%, respectively, which were significantly different from those in Han EH patients. In Han EH patients, the frequencies of the three genotypes (C/C, C/G and G/G) of Cx43 rs1925223 were 6.4%, 35.6% and 58.0%, respectively. Frequencies of the other four genotypes had no statistical differences among Kazak and Han EH patients and their normotensive controls. These results suggest polymorphisms of Cx37 rs1630310 and Cx43 rs1925223 genes may be associated with the pathogenesis of EH. Carrying Cx37 rs1630310-A or Cx43 rs1925223-G genotypes may protect against the development of EH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jie Wang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
- Department of ICU, First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832008, China
| | - Wen-Wen Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Wen-Yan Shi
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Ying-Zi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Ke-Tao Ma
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Wei-Dong Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China.
| | - Jun-Qiang Si
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China.
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Physiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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27
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Begandt D, Good ME, Keller AS, DeLalio LJ, Rowley C, Isakson BE, Figueroa XF. Pannexin channel and connexin hemichannel expression in vascular function and inflammation. BMC Cell Biol 2017; 18:2. [PMID: 28124621 PMCID: PMC5267334 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-016-0119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of blood flow distribution and tissue homeostasis depend on the tight regulation of and coordination between the microvascular network and circulating blood cells. Channels formed by connexins or pannexins that connect the intra- and extracellular compartments allow the release of paracrine signals, such as ATP and prostaglandins, and thus play a central role in achieving fine regulation and coordination of vascular function. This review focuses on vascular connexin hemichannels and pannexin channels. We review their expression pattern within the arterial and venous system with a special emphasis on how post-translational modifications by phosphorylation and S-nitrosylation of these channels modulate their function and contribute to vascular homeostasis. Furthermore, we highlight the contribution of these channels in smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells in the regulation of vasomotor tone as well as how these channels in endothelial cells regulate inflammatory responses such as during ischemic and hypoxic conditions. In addition, this review will touch on recent evidence implicating a role for these proteins in regulating red blood cell and platelet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Begandt
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Miranda E Good
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Alex S Keller
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Leon J DeLalio
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Carol Rowley
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Xavier F Figueroa
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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28
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Keller TCS, Butcher JT, Broseghini-Filho GB, Marziano C, DeLalio LJ, Rogers S, Ning B, Martin JN, Chechova S, Cabot M, Shu X, Best AK, Good ME, Simão Padilha A, Purdy M, Yeager M, Peirce SM, Hu S, Doctor A, Barrett E, Le TH, Columbus L, Isakson BE. Modulating Vascular Hemodynamics With an Alpha Globin Mimetic Peptide (HbαX). Hypertension 2016; 68:1494-1503. [PMID: 27802421 PMCID: PMC5159279 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.08171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability of hemoglobin to scavenge the potent vasodilator nitric oxide (NO) in the blood has been well established as a mechanism of vascular tone homeostasis. In endothelial cells, the alpha chain of hemoglobin (hereafter, alpha globin) and endothelial NO synthase form a macromolecular complex, providing a sink for NO directly adjacent to the production source. We have developed an alpha globin mimetic peptide (named HbαX) that displaces endogenous alpha globin and increases bioavailable NO for vasodilation. Here we show that, in vivo, HbαX administration increases capillary oxygenation and blood flow in arterioles acutely and produces a sustained decrease in systolic blood pressure in normal and angiotensin II-induced hypertensive states. HbαX acts with high specificity and affinity to endothelial NO synthase, without toxicity to liver and kidney and no effect on p50 of O2 binding in red blood cells. In human vasculature, HbαX blunts vasoconstrictive response to cumulative doses of phenylephrine, a potent constricting agent. By binding to endothelial NO synthase and displacing endogenous alpha globin, HbαX modulates important metrics of vascular function, increasing vasodilation and flow in the resistance vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Stevenson Keller
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (T.C.S.K., C.M., M.C., M.P., M.Y., B.E.I.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (T.C.S.K., J.T.B., G.B.B.-F., C.M., L.J.D., X.S., A.K.B., M.E.G., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (L.J.D.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.C., T.H.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santa, Brazil (G.B.B.-F., A.S.P.); Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO (S.R., A.D.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (B.N., S.M.P., S.H.) and Department of Chemistry (J.N.M., L.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (X.S.)
| | - Joshua T Butcher
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (T.C.S.K., C.M., M.C., M.P., M.Y., B.E.I.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (T.C.S.K., J.T.B., G.B.B.-F., C.M., L.J.D., X.S., A.K.B., M.E.G., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (L.J.D.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.C., T.H.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santa, Brazil (G.B.B.-F., A.S.P.); Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO (S.R., A.D.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (B.N., S.M.P., S.H.) and Department of Chemistry (J.N.M., L.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (X.S.)
| | - Gilson Brás Broseghini-Filho
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (T.C.S.K., C.M., M.C., M.P., M.Y., B.E.I.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (T.C.S.K., J.T.B., G.B.B.-F., C.M., L.J.D., X.S., A.K.B., M.E.G., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (L.J.D.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.C., T.H.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santa, Brazil (G.B.B.-F., A.S.P.); Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO (S.R., A.D.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (B.N., S.M.P., S.H.) and Department of Chemistry (J.N.M., L.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (X.S.)
| | - Corina Marziano
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (T.C.S.K., C.M., M.C., M.P., M.Y., B.E.I.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (T.C.S.K., J.T.B., G.B.B.-F., C.M., L.J.D., X.S., A.K.B., M.E.G., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (L.J.D.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.C., T.H.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santa, Brazil (G.B.B.-F., A.S.P.); Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO (S.R., A.D.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (B.N., S.M.P., S.H.) and Department of Chemistry (J.N.M., L.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (X.S.)
| | - Leon J DeLalio
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (T.C.S.K., C.M., M.C., M.P., M.Y., B.E.I.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (T.C.S.K., J.T.B., G.B.B.-F., C.M., L.J.D., X.S., A.K.B., M.E.G., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (L.J.D.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.C., T.H.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santa, Brazil (G.B.B.-F., A.S.P.); Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO (S.R., A.D.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (B.N., S.M.P., S.H.) and Department of Chemistry (J.N.M., L.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (X.S.)
| | - Stephen Rogers
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (T.C.S.K., C.M., M.C., M.P., M.Y., B.E.I.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (T.C.S.K., J.T.B., G.B.B.-F., C.M., L.J.D., X.S., A.K.B., M.E.G., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (L.J.D.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.C., T.H.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santa, Brazil (G.B.B.-F., A.S.P.); Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO (S.R., A.D.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (B.N., S.M.P., S.H.) and Department of Chemistry (J.N.M., L.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (X.S.)
| | - Bo Ning
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (T.C.S.K., C.M., M.C., M.P., M.Y., B.E.I.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (T.C.S.K., J.T.B., G.B.B.-F., C.M., L.J.D., X.S., A.K.B., M.E.G., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (L.J.D.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.C., T.H.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santa, Brazil (G.B.B.-F., A.S.P.); Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO (S.R., A.D.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (B.N., S.M.P., S.H.) and Department of Chemistry (J.N.M., L.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (X.S.)
| | - Jennifer N Martin
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (T.C.S.K., C.M., M.C., M.P., M.Y., B.E.I.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (T.C.S.K., J.T.B., G.B.B.-F., C.M., L.J.D., X.S., A.K.B., M.E.G., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (L.J.D.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.C., T.H.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santa, Brazil (G.B.B.-F., A.S.P.); Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO (S.R., A.D.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (B.N., S.M.P., S.H.) and Department of Chemistry (J.N.M., L.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (X.S.)
| | - Sylvia Chechova
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (T.C.S.K., C.M., M.C., M.P., M.Y., B.E.I.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (T.C.S.K., J.T.B., G.B.B.-F., C.M., L.J.D., X.S., A.K.B., M.E.G., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (L.J.D.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.C., T.H.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santa, Brazil (G.B.B.-F., A.S.P.); Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO (S.R., A.D.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (B.N., S.M.P., S.H.) and Department of Chemistry (J.N.M., L.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (X.S.)
| | - Maya Cabot
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (T.C.S.K., C.M., M.C., M.P., M.Y., B.E.I.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (T.C.S.K., J.T.B., G.B.B.-F., C.M., L.J.D., X.S., A.K.B., M.E.G., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (L.J.D.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.C., T.H.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santa, Brazil (G.B.B.-F., A.S.P.); Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO (S.R., A.D.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (B.N., S.M.P., S.H.) and Department of Chemistry (J.N.M., L.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (X.S.)
| | - Xiahong Shu
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (T.C.S.K., C.M., M.C., M.P., M.Y., B.E.I.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (T.C.S.K., J.T.B., G.B.B.-F., C.M., L.J.D., X.S., A.K.B., M.E.G., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (L.J.D.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.C., T.H.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santa, Brazil (G.B.B.-F., A.S.P.); Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO (S.R., A.D.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (B.N., S.M.P., S.H.) and Department of Chemistry (J.N.M., L.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (X.S.)
| | - Angela K Best
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (T.C.S.K., C.M., M.C., M.P., M.Y., B.E.I.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (T.C.S.K., J.T.B., G.B.B.-F., C.M., L.J.D., X.S., A.K.B., M.E.G., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (L.J.D.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.C., T.H.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santa, Brazil (G.B.B.-F., A.S.P.); Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO (S.R., A.D.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (B.N., S.M.P., S.H.) and Department of Chemistry (J.N.M., L.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (X.S.)
| | - Miranda E Good
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (T.C.S.K., C.M., M.C., M.P., M.Y., B.E.I.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (T.C.S.K., J.T.B., G.B.B.-F., C.M., L.J.D., X.S., A.K.B., M.E.G., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (L.J.D.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.C., T.H.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santa, Brazil (G.B.B.-F., A.S.P.); Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO (S.R., A.D.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (B.N., S.M.P., S.H.) and Department of Chemistry (J.N.M., L.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (X.S.)
| | - Alessandra Simão Padilha
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (T.C.S.K., C.M., M.C., M.P., M.Y., B.E.I.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (T.C.S.K., J.T.B., G.B.B.-F., C.M., L.J.D., X.S., A.K.B., M.E.G., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (L.J.D.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.C., T.H.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santa, Brazil (G.B.B.-F., A.S.P.); Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO (S.R., A.D.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (B.N., S.M.P., S.H.) and Department of Chemistry (J.N.M., L.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (X.S.)
| | - Michael Purdy
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (T.C.S.K., C.M., M.C., M.P., M.Y., B.E.I.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (T.C.S.K., J.T.B., G.B.B.-F., C.M., L.J.D., X.S., A.K.B., M.E.G., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (L.J.D.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.C., T.H.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santa, Brazil (G.B.B.-F., A.S.P.); Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO (S.R., A.D.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (B.N., S.M.P., S.H.) and Department of Chemistry (J.N.M., L.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (X.S.)
| | - Mark Yeager
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (T.C.S.K., C.M., M.C., M.P., M.Y., B.E.I.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (T.C.S.K., J.T.B., G.B.B.-F., C.M., L.J.D., X.S., A.K.B., M.E.G., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (L.J.D.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.C., T.H.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santa, Brazil (G.B.B.-F., A.S.P.); Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO (S.R., A.D.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (B.N., S.M.P., S.H.) and Department of Chemistry (J.N.M., L.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (X.S.)
| | - Shayn M Peirce
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (T.C.S.K., C.M., M.C., M.P., M.Y., B.E.I.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (T.C.S.K., J.T.B., G.B.B.-F., C.M., L.J.D., X.S., A.K.B., M.E.G., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (L.J.D.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.C., T.H.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santa, Brazil (G.B.B.-F., A.S.P.); Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO (S.R., A.D.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (B.N., S.M.P., S.H.) and Department of Chemistry (J.N.M., L.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (X.S.)
| | - Song Hu
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (T.C.S.K., C.M., M.C., M.P., M.Y., B.E.I.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (T.C.S.K., J.T.B., G.B.B.-F., C.M., L.J.D., X.S., A.K.B., M.E.G., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (L.J.D.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.C., T.H.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santa, Brazil (G.B.B.-F., A.S.P.); Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO (S.R., A.D.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (B.N., S.M.P., S.H.) and Department of Chemistry (J.N.M., L.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (X.S.)
| | - Allan Doctor
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (T.C.S.K., C.M., M.C., M.P., M.Y., B.E.I.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (T.C.S.K., J.T.B., G.B.B.-F., C.M., L.J.D., X.S., A.K.B., M.E.G., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (L.J.D.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.C., T.H.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santa, Brazil (G.B.B.-F., A.S.P.); Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO (S.R., A.D.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (B.N., S.M.P., S.H.) and Department of Chemistry (J.N.M., L.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (X.S.)
| | - Eugene Barrett
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (T.C.S.K., C.M., M.C., M.P., M.Y., B.E.I.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (T.C.S.K., J.T.B., G.B.B.-F., C.M., L.J.D., X.S., A.K.B., M.E.G., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (L.J.D.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.C., T.H.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santa, Brazil (G.B.B.-F., A.S.P.); Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO (S.R., A.D.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (B.N., S.M.P., S.H.) and Department of Chemistry (J.N.M., L.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (X.S.)
| | - Thu H Le
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (T.C.S.K., C.M., M.C., M.P., M.Y., B.E.I.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (T.C.S.K., J.T.B., G.B.B.-F., C.M., L.J.D., X.S., A.K.B., M.E.G., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (L.J.D.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.C., T.H.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santa, Brazil (G.B.B.-F., A.S.P.); Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO (S.R., A.D.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (B.N., S.M.P., S.H.) and Department of Chemistry (J.N.M., L.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (X.S.)
| | - Linda Columbus
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (T.C.S.K., C.M., M.C., M.P., M.Y., B.E.I.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (T.C.S.K., J.T.B., G.B.B.-F., C.M., L.J.D., X.S., A.K.B., M.E.G., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (L.J.D.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.C., T.H.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santa, Brazil (G.B.B.-F., A.S.P.); Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO (S.R., A.D.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (B.N., S.M.P., S.H.) and Department of Chemistry (J.N.M., L.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (X.S.)
| | - Brant E Isakson
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (T.C.S.K., C.M., M.C., M.P., M.Y., B.E.I.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (T.C.S.K., J.T.B., G.B.B.-F., C.M., L.J.D., X.S., A.K.B., M.E.G., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (L.J.D.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.C., T.H.L.), and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santa, Brazil (G.B.B.-F., A.S.P.); Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO (S.R., A.D.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (B.N., S.M.P., S.H.) and Department of Chemistry (J.N.M., L.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (X.S.).
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Frimmel K, Sotníková R, Navarová J, Bernátová I, KriŽák J, Haviarová Z, Kura B, Slezák J, Okruhlicová Ľ. Omega-3 fatty acids reduce lipopolysaccharide-induced abnormalities in expression of connexin-40 in aorta of hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats. Physiol Res 2016; 65 Suppl 1:S65-76. [PMID: 27643941 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids (omega3FA) are known to reduce hypertriglyceridemia- and inflammation-induced vascular wall diseases. However, mechanisms of their effects are not completely clear. We examined, whether 10-day omega3FA diet can reduce bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced changes in expression of gap junction protein connexin40 (Cx40) in the aorta of hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (hHTG) rats. After administration of a single dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) to adult hHTG rats, animals were fed with omega3FA diet (30 mg/kg/day) for 10 days. LPS decreased Cx40 expression that was associated with reduced acetylcholine-induced relaxation of aorta. Omega3FA administration to LPS rats had partial anti-inflammatory effects, associated with increased Cx40 expression and improved endothelium dependent relaxation of the aorta. Our results suggest that 10-day omega3FA diet could protect endothelium-dependent relaxation of the aorta of hHTG rats against LPS-induced damage through the modulation of endothelial Cx40 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Frimmel
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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30
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Pogoda K, Kameritsch P, Retamal MA, Vega JL. Regulation of gap junction channels and hemichannels by phosphorylation and redox changes: a revision. BMC Cell Biol 2016; 17 Suppl 1:11. [PMID: 27229925 PMCID: PMC4896245 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-016-0099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications of connexins play an important role in the regulation of gap junction and hemichannel permeability. The prerequisite for the formation of functional gap junction channels is the assembly of connexin proteins into hemichannels and their insertion into the membrane. Hemichannels can affect cellular processes by enabling the passage of signaling molecules between the intracellular and extracellular space. For the intercellular communication hemichannels from one cell have to dock to its counterparts on the opposing membrane of an adjacent cell to allow the transmission of signals via gap junctions from one cell to the other. The controlled opening of hemichannels and gating properties of complete gap junctions can be regulated via post-translational modifications of connexins. Not only channel gating, but also connexin trafficking and assembly into hemichannels can be affected by post-translational changes. Recent investigations have shown that connexins can be modified by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, redox-related changes including effects of nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) or carbon monoxide (CO), acetylation, methylation or ubiquitination. Most of the connexin isoforms are known to be phosphorylated, e.g. Cx43, one of the most studied connexin at all, has 21 reported phosphorylation sites. In this review, we provide an overview about the current knowledge and relevant research of responsible kinases, connexin phosphorylation sites and reported effects on gap junction and hemichannel regulation. Regarding the effects of oxidants we discuss the role of NO in different cell types and tissues and recent studies about modifications of connexins by CO and H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Pogoda
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Munich University Hospital, München, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, München, Germany.
| | - Petra Kameritsch
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Munich University Hospital, München, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, München, Germany
| | - Mauricio A Retamal
- Centro de Fisiología Celular e Integrativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - José L Vega
- Experimental Physiology Laboratory (EPhyL), Antofagasta Institute, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
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31
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Gkatzis K, Thalgott J, Dos-Santos-Luis D, Martin S, Lamandé N, Carette MF, Disch F, Snijder RJ, Westermann CJ, Mager JJ, Oh SP, Miquerol L, Arthur HM, Mummery CL, Lebrin F. Interaction Between ALK1 Signaling and Connexin40 in the Development of Arteriovenous Malformations. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:707-17. [PMID: 26821948 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the role of Gja5 that encodes for the gap junction protein connexin40 in the generation of arteriovenous malformations in the hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2 (HHT2) mouse model. APPROACH AND RESULTS We identified GJA5 as a target gene of the bone morphogenetic protein-9/activin receptor-like kinase 1 signaling pathway in human aortic endothelial cells and importantly found that connexin40 levels were particularly low in a small group of patients with HHT2. We next took advantage of the Acvrl1(+/-) mutant mice that develop lesions similar to those in patients with HHT2 and generated Acvrl1(+/-); Gja5(EGFP/+) mice. Gja5 haploinsufficiency led to vasodilation of the arteries and rarefaction of the capillary bed in Acvrl1(+/-) mice. At the molecular level, we found that reduced Gja5 in Acvrl1(+/-) mice stimulated the production of reactive oxygen species, an important mediator of vessel remodeling. To normalize the altered hemodynamic forces in Acvrl1(+/-); Gja5(EGFP/+) mice, capillaries formed transient arteriovenous shunts that could develop into large malformations when exposed to environmental insults. CONCLUSIONS We identified GJA5 as a potential modifier gene for HHT2. Our findings demonstrate that Acvrl1 haploinsufficiency combined with the effects of modifier genes that regulate vessel caliber is responsible for the heterogeneity and severity of the disease. The mouse models of HHT have led to the proposal that 3 events-heterozygosity, loss of heterozygosity, and angiogenic stimulation-are necessary for arteriovenous malformation formation. Here, we present a novel 3-step model in which pathological vessel caliber and consequent altered blood flow are necessary events for arteriovenous malformation development.
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MESH Headings
- Activin Receptors, Type I/genetics
- Activin Receptors, Type I/metabolism
- Activin Receptors, Type II/genetics
- Activin Receptors, Type II/metabolism
- Animals
- Arteriovenous Malformations/enzymology
- Arteriovenous Malformations/genetics
- Arteriovenous Malformations/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Connexins/genetics
- Connexins/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelial Cells/enzymology
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Haploinsufficiency
- Humans
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Phenotype
- RNA Interference
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Retinal Vessels/enzymology
- Retinal Vessels/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic/enzymology
- Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic/genetics
- Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic/pathology
- Transfection
- Vascular Remodeling
- Gap Junction alpha-5 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Gkatzis
- From the Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (K.G., C.L.M.); CNRS Unité mixte de recherche 7241/INSERM U1050, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris cedex 05, France (J.T., D.D.-S.-L., S.M., N.L., F.L.); MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France (J.T., D.D.-S.-L., S.M., N.L., F.L.); Department of Radiology, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France (M.F.C.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University, Paris, France (M.F.C.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (F.D., R.J.S., C.J.W., J.J.M.); Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (S.P.O.); Aix Marseille Université, CNRS IBDM UMR 7288, Marseille cedex 09, France (L.M.); and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom (H.M.A.)
| | - Jérémy Thalgott
- From the Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (K.G., C.L.M.); CNRS Unité mixte de recherche 7241/INSERM U1050, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris cedex 05, France (J.T., D.D.-S.-L., S.M., N.L., F.L.); MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France (J.T., D.D.-S.-L., S.M., N.L., F.L.); Department of Radiology, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France (M.F.C.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University, Paris, France (M.F.C.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (F.D., R.J.S., C.J.W., J.J.M.); Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (S.P.O.); Aix Marseille Université, CNRS IBDM UMR 7288, Marseille cedex 09, France (L.M.); and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom (H.M.A.)
| | - Damien Dos-Santos-Luis
- From the Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (K.G., C.L.M.); CNRS Unité mixte de recherche 7241/INSERM U1050, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris cedex 05, France (J.T., D.D.-S.-L., S.M., N.L., F.L.); MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France (J.T., D.D.-S.-L., S.M., N.L., F.L.); Department of Radiology, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France (M.F.C.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University, Paris, France (M.F.C.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (F.D., R.J.S., C.J.W., J.J.M.); Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (S.P.O.); Aix Marseille Université, CNRS IBDM UMR 7288, Marseille cedex 09, France (L.M.); and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom (H.M.A.)
| | - Sabrina Martin
- From the Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (K.G., C.L.M.); CNRS Unité mixte de recherche 7241/INSERM U1050, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris cedex 05, France (J.T., D.D.-S.-L., S.M., N.L., F.L.); MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France (J.T., D.D.-S.-L., S.M., N.L., F.L.); Department of Radiology, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France (M.F.C.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University, Paris, France (M.F.C.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (F.D., R.J.S., C.J.W., J.J.M.); Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (S.P.O.); Aix Marseille Université, CNRS IBDM UMR 7288, Marseille cedex 09, France (L.M.); and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom (H.M.A.)
| | - Noël Lamandé
- From the Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (K.G., C.L.M.); CNRS Unité mixte de recherche 7241/INSERM U1050, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris cedex 05, France (J.T., D.D.-S.-L., S.M., N.L., F.L.); MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France (J.T., D.D.-S.-L., S.M., N.L., F.L.); Department of Radiology, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France (M.F.C.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University, Paris, France (M.F.C.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (F.D., R.J.S., C.J.W., J.J.M.); Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (S.P.O.); Aix Marseille Université, CNRS IBDM UMR 7288, Marseille cedex 09, France (L.M.); and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom (H.M.A.)
| | - Marie France Carette
- From the Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (K.G., C.L.M.); CNRS Unité mixte de recherche 7241/INSERM U1050, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris cedex 05, France (J.T., D.D.-S.-L., S.M., N.L., F.L.); MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France (J.T., D.D.-S.-L., S.M., N.L., F.L.); Department of Radiology, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France (M.F.C.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University, Paris, France (M.F.C.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (F.D., R.J.S., C.J.W., J.J.M.); Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (S.P.O.); Aix Marseille Université, CNRS IBDM UMR 7288, Marseille cedex 09, France (L.M.); and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom (H.M.A.)
| | - Frans Disch
- From the Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (K.G., C.L.M.); CNRS Unité mixte de recherche 7241/INSERM U1050, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris cedex 05, France (J.T., D.D.-S.-L., S.M., N.L., F.L.); MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France (J.T., D.D.-S.-L., S.M., N.L., F.L.); Department of Radiology, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France (M.F.C.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University, Paris, France (M.F.C.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (F.D., R.J.S., C.J.W., J.J.M.); Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (S.P.O.); Aix Marseille Université, CNRS IBDM UMR 7288, Marseille cedex 09, France (L.M.); and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom (H.M.A.)
| | - Repke J Snijder
- From the Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (K.G., C.L.M.); CNRS Unité mixte de recherche 7241/INSERM U1050, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris cedex 05, France (J.T., D.D.-S.-L., S.M., N.L., F.L.); MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France (J.T., D.D.-S.-L., S.M., N.L., F.L.); Department of Radiology, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France (M.F.C.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University, Paris, France (M.F.C.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (F.D., R.J.S., C.J.W., J.J.M.); Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (S.P.O.); Aix Marseille Université, CNRS IBDM UMR 7288, Marseille cedex 09, France (L.M.); and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom (H.M.A.)
| | - Cornelius J Westermann
- From the Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (K.G., C.L.M.); CNRS Unité mixte de recherche 7241/INSERM U1050, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris cedex 05, France (J.T., D.D.-S.-L., S.M., N.L., F.L.); MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France (J.T., D.D.-S.-L., S.M., N.L., F.L.); Department of Radiology, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France (M.F.C.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University, Paris, France (M.F.C.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (F.D., R.J.S., C.J.W., J.J.M.); Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (S.P.O.); Aix Marseille Université, CNRS IBDM UMR 7288, Marseille cedex 09, France (L.M.); and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom (H.M.A.)
| | - Johannes J Mager
- From the Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (K.G., C.L.M.); CNRS Unité mixte de recherche 7241/INSERM U1050, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris cedex 05, France (J.T., D.D.-S.-L., S.M., N.L., F.L.); MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France (J.T., D.D.-S.-L., S.M., N.L., F.L.); Department of Radiology, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France (M.F.C.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University, Paris, France (M.F.C.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (F.D., R.J.S., C.J.W., J.J.M.); Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (S.P.O.); Aix Marseille Université, CNRS IBDM UMR 7288, Marseille cedex 09, France (L.M.); and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom (H.M.A.)
| | - S Paul Oh
- From the Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (K.G., C.L.M.); CNRS Unité mixte de recherche 7241/INSERM U1050, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris cedex 05, France (J.T., D.D.-S.-L., S.M., N.L., F.L.); MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France (J.T., D.D.-S.-L., S.M., N.L., F.L.); Department of Radiology, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France (M.F.C.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University, Paris, France (M.F.C.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (F.D., R.J.S., C.J.W., J.J.M.); Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (S.P.O.); Aix Marseille Université, CNRS IBDM UMR 7288, Marseille cedex 09, France (L.M.); and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom (H.M.A.)
| | - Lucile Miquerol
- From the Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (K.G., C.L.M.); CNRS Unité mixte de recherche 7241/INSERM U1050, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris cedex 05, France (J.T., D.D.-S.-L., S.M., N.L., F.L.); MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France (J.T., D.D.-S.-L., S.M., N.L., F.L.); Department of Radiology, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France (M.F.C.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University, Paris, France (M.F.C.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (F.D., R.J.S., C.J.W., J.J.M.); Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (S.P.O.); Aix Marseille Université, CNRS IBDM UMR 7288, Marseille cedex 09, France (L.M.); and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom (H.M.A.)
| | - Helen M Arthur
- From the Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (K.G., C.L.M.); CNRS Unité mixte de recherche 7241/INSERM U1050, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris cedex 05, France (J.T., D.D.-S.-L., S.M., N.L., F.L.); MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France (J.T., D.D.-S.-L., S.M., N.L., F.L.); Department of Radiology, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France (M.F.C.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University, Paris, France (M.F.C.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (F.D., R.J.S., C.J.W., J.J.M.); Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (S.P.O.); Aix Marseille Université, CNRS IBDM UMR 7288, Marseille cedex 09, France (L.M.); and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom (H.M.A.)
| | - Christine L Mummery
- From the Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (K.G., C.L.M.); CNRS Unité mixte de recherche 7241/INSERM U1050, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris cedex 05, France (J.T., D.D.-S.-L., S.M., N.L., F.L.); MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France (J.T., D.D.-S.-L., S.M., N.L., F.L.); Department of Radiology, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France (M.F.C.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University, Paris, France (M.F.C.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (F.D., R.J.S., C.J.W., J.J.M.); Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (S.P.O.); Aix Marseille Université, CNRS IBDM UMR 7288, Marseille cedex 09, France (L.M.); and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom (H.M.A.)
| | - Franck Lebrin
- From the Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (K.G., C.L.M.); CNRS Unité mixte de recherche 7241/INSERM U1050, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris cedex 05, France (J.T., D.D.-S.-L., S.M., N.L., F.L.); MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France (J.T., D.D.-S.-L., S.M., N.L., F.L.); Department of Radiology, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France (M.F.C.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University, Paris, France (M.F.C.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands (F.D., R.J.S., C.J.W., J.J.M.); Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (S.P.O.); Aix Marseille Université, CNRS IBDM UMR 7288, Marseille cedex 09, France (L.M.); and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom (H.M.A.).
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Alonso F, Domingos-Pereira S, Le Gal L, Derré L, Meda P, Jichlinski P, Nardelli-Haefliger D, Haefliger JA. Targeting endothelial connexin40 inhibits tumor growth by reducing angiogenesis and improving vessel perfusion. Oncotarget 2016; 7:14015-28. [PMID: 26883111 PMCID: PMC4924695 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial connexin40 (Cx40) contributes to regulate the structure and function of vessels. We have examined whether the protein also modulates the altered growth of vessels in tumor models established in control mice (WT), mice lacking Cx40 (Cx40-/-), and mice expressing the protein solely in endothelial cells (Tie2-Cx40). Tumoral angiogenesis and growth were reduced, whereas vessel perfusion, smooth muscle cell (SMC) coverage and animal survival were increased in Cx40-/- but not Tie2-Cx40 mice, revealing a critical involvement of endothelial Cx40 in transformed tissues independently of the hypertensive status of Cx40-/- mice. As a result, Cx40-/- mice bearing tumors survived significantly longer than corresponding controls, including after a cytotoxic administration. Comparable observations were made in WT mice injected with a peptide targeting Cx40, supporting the Cx40 involvement. This involvement was further confirmed in the absence of Cx40 or by peptide-inhibition of this connexin in aorta-sprouting, matrigel plug and SMC migration assays, and associated with a decreased expression of the phosphorylated form of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. The data identify Cx40 as a potential novel target in cancer treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/pathology
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Blood Vessels/physiology
- Cell Proliferation
- Connexins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Connexins/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Female
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/blood supply
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Melanoma, Experimental/blood supply
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Melanoma, Experimental/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Perfusion
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/blood supply
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Gap Junction alpha-5 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Alonso
- Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Loïc Le Gal
- Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Derré
- Department of Urology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Meda
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrice Jichlinski
- Department of Urology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Yang Q, He GW, Underwood MJ, Yu CM. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of endothelial ischemia/reperfusion injury: perspectives and implications for postischemic myocardial protection. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:765-777. [PMID: 27158368 PMCID: PMC4846925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of myocardial damage. Despite continuous efforts, minimizing I/R injury still represents a great challenge in standard medical treatments of ischemic heart disease, i.e., thrombolytic therapy, primary percutaneous coronary intervention, and coronary arterial bypass grafting. Development of effective interventions and strategies to prevent or reduce myocardial I/R injury is therefore of great clinical significance. Endothelial dysfunction plays a significant role in myocardial I/R injury, which renders endothelial cells an attractive target for postischemic myocardial protection. The rapidly evolving knowledge of the mechanisms of endothelial I/R injury helps broaden perspective for future development of novel strategies targeting endothelium for alleviating myocardial I/R damage. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of endothelial I/R injury. Current perspectives and future directions for developing endothelium targeting therapeutics for postischemic myocardial protection are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong; The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research InstituteHong Kong
- TEDA International Cardiovascular HospitalTianjin, China
| | - Guo-Wei He
- TEDA International Cardiovascular HospitalTianjin, China
- Hangzhou Normal University & Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Malcolm John Underwood
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Cheuk-Man Yu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong; The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research InstituteHong Kong
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Chen CC, Kuo CY, Chen RF. Role of CAPE on cardiomyocyte protection via connexin 43 regulation under hypoxia. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:754-758. [PMID: 27766024 PMCID: PMC5069410 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.15847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiomyocyte under hypoxia cause cell death or damage is associated with heart failure. Gap junction, such as connexin 43 play a role in regulation of heart function under hypoxia. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) has been reported as an active component of propolis, has antioxidative, anti-inflammatory antiproliferative and antineoplastic biological properties. Aims: Connexin 43 appear to have a critical role in heart failure under hypoxia, there has been considerable interest in identifying the candidate component or compound to reduce cell death. Methods: In this study, we used human cardiomyocyte as a cell model to study the role of connexin 43 in hypoxia- incubated human cardiomyocyte in absence or presence of CAPE treatment. Results: Results showed that hypoxia induced connexin 43 expression, but not altered in connexin 40. Interestingly, CAPE attenuates hypoxia-caused connexin 43 down-regulation and cell death or cell growth inhibition. Conclusion: We suggested that reduction of cell death in cardiomyocytes by CAPE is associated with an increase in connexin 43 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Cheng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Yen Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Chung-li, Taiwan, 32001, Republic of China
| | - Rong-Fu Chen
- Research Assistant Center, Show Chwan Health Care System, Changhua, Taiwan
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Lohman AW, Straub AC, Johnstone SR. Identification of Connexin43 Phosphorylation and S-Nitrosylation in Cultured Primary Vascular Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1437:97-111. [PMID: 27207289 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3664-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
All connexins (Cx) proteins contain both highly ordered domains (i.e., 4 transmembrane domains) and primarily unstructured regions (i.e., n- and c-terminal domains). The c-terminal domains vary in length and amino acid composition from the shortest on Cx26 to the longest on Cx43. With the exception of Cx26, the c-terminal domains contain multiple sites for posttranslational modification (PTM) including serines (S), threonines (T), and tyrosines (Y) for phosphorylation or cysteines (C) for S-nitrosylation. These PTMs are critical for regulating cellular localization, protein-protein interactions, and channel functionality. There are several biochemical techniques that allow for the identification of these PTM including Western blotting and the "Biotin Switch" assay for nitrosylation. Quantitative analysis of Western blots can be achieved through use of secondary antibodies in the near infrared scale and high-resolution scanning on a fluorescent scanner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Lohman
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Adam C Straub
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Scott R Johnstone
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.
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Ischemia triggered ATP release through Pannexin-1 channel by myocardial cells activates sympathetic fibers. Microvasc Res 2015; 104:32-7. [PMID: 26596404 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cardiovascular system is extensively innervated by the autonomic nervous system, and the autonomic modulation including sympathetic innervation is crucial to the function of heart during normal and ischemic conditions. Severe myocardial ischemia could cause acute myocardial infarction, which is one of the leading diseases in the world. Thus studying the sympathetic modulation during ischemia could reduce the probability of myocardial infarction and further heart failure. The neurotransmitter ATP is released by myocardial cells during ischemia; however, the effect of ATP release remains elusive. We examined whether ATP released during ischemia functions as a neurotransmitter that activates sympathetic nerve in the heart. A novel technique of recording the sympathetic fiber calcium imaging in mouse cardiac tissue slices was used. We have applied the Cre/loxP system to specifically express GCaMP3, a genetically encoded calcium indicator, in the sympathetic nerve. Using this technique, we found that ATP released by myocardial cells through Pannexin-1 channel during ischemia could evoke calcium responses in cardiac sympathetic nerve fibers. Our study provides a new approach to study the cell and nerve interaction in the cardiac system, as well as a new understanding of ATP function during ischemia.
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Ginkgolide B Inhibits JAM-A, Cx43, and VE-Cadherin Expression and Reduces Monocyte Transmigration in Oxidized LDL-Stimulated Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:907926. [PMID: 26246869 PMCID: PMC4515296 DOI: 10.1155/2015/907926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Aim. To investigate the effect of ginkgolide B on junction proteins and the reduction of monocyte migration in oxidized low-density lipoprotein- (ox-LDL-) treated endothelial cells. Methods. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used in the present study. Immunofluorescence and Western blot were performed to determine the expression of junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A), connexin 43 (Cx43), and vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin). Monocyte migration was detected by the Transwell assay. Results. ox-LDL stimulation increased JAM-A expression by 35%, Cx43 expression by 24%, and VE-cadherin expression by 37% in HUVECs. Ginkgolide B (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mg/mL) dose-dependently abolished the expression of these junction proteins. The monocyte transmigration experiments showed that the level of monocyte migration was sixfold higher in the ox-LDL-treated group than in the control group. Ginkgolide B (0.6 mg/mL) nearly completely abolished monocyte migration. Both ginkgolide B and LY294002 suppressed Akt phosphorylation and the expression of these junction proteins in ox-LDL-treated endothelial cells. These results suggest that the ginkgolide B-induced inhibition of junction protein expression is associated with blockade of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Conclusion. Ginkgolide B suppressed junction protein expression and reduced monocyte transmigration that was induced by ox-LDL. Ginkgolide B may improve vascular permeability in atherosclerosis.
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Li L, He L, Wu D, Chen L, Jiang Z. Pannexin-1 channels and their emerging functions in cardiovascular diseases. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:391-6. [PMID: 25921414 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pannexin-1, Pannexin-2, and Pannexin-3 are three members of the Pannexin family of channel-forming glycoprotein. Their primary function is defined by their ability to form single-membrane channels. Pannexin-1 ubiquitously exists in many cells and organs throughout the body and is specially distributed in the circulatory system, while the expressions of Pannexin-2 and Pannexin-3 are mostly restricted to organs and tissues. Pannexin-1 oligomers have been shown to be functional single membrane channels that connect intracellular and extracellular compartments and are not intercellular channels in appositional membranes. The physiological functions of Pannexin-1 are to link to the adenosine triphosphate efflux that acts as a paracrine signal, and regulate cellular inflammasomes in a variety of cell types under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. However, there are still many functions to be explored. This review summarizes recent reports and discusses the role of Pannexin-1 in cardiovascular diseases, including ischemia, arrhythmia, cardiac fibrosis, and hypertension. Pannexin-1 has been suggested as an exciting, clinically relevant target in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfang Li
- Post-doctoral Mobile Stations for Basic Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Lu He
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Di Wu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhisheng Jiang
- Post-doctoral Mobile Stations for Basic Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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Mutchler SM, Straub AC. Compartmentalized nitric oxide signaling in the resistance vasculature. Nitric Oxide 2015; 49:8-15. [PMID: 26028569 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) was first described as a bioactive molecule through its ability to stimulate soluble guanylate cyclase, but the revelation that NO was the endothelium derived relaxation factor drove the field to its modern state. The wealth of research conducted over the past 30 years has provided us with a picture of how diverse NO signaling can be within the vascular wall, going beyond simple vasodilation to include such roles as signaling through protein S-nitrosation. This expanded view of NO's actions requires highly regulated and compartmentalized production. Importantly, resistance arteries house multiple proteins involved in the production and transduction of NO allowing for efficient movement of the molecule to regulate vascular tone and reactivity. In this review, we focus on the many mechanisms regulating NO production and signaling action in the vascular wall, with a focus on the control of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), the enzyme responsible for synthesizing most of the NO within these confines. We also explore how cross talk between the endothelium and smooth muscle in the microcirculation can modulate NO signaling, illustrating that this one small molecule has the capability to produce a plethora of responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Mutchler
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA
| | - Adam C Straub
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA.
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40
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Le Gal L, Alonso F, Mazzolai L, Meda P, Haefliger JA. Interplay between connexin40 and nitric oxide signaling during hypertension. Hypertension 2015; 65:910-5. [PMID: 25712722 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.04775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Connexins (Cxs) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) contribute to the adaptation of endothelial and smooth muscle cells to hemodynamic changes. To decipher the in vivo interplay between these proteins, we studied Cx40-null mice, a model of renin-dependent hypertension which displays an altered endothelium-dependent relaxation of the aorta because of reduced eNOS levels. These mice, which were either untreated or subjected to the 1-kidney, 1-clip (1K1C) procedure, a model of volume-dependent hypertension, were compared with control mice submitted to either the 1K1C or the 2-kidney, 1-clip (2K1C) procedure, a model of renin-dependent hypertension. All operated mice became hypertensive and featured hypertrophy and altered Cx expression of the aorta. The combination of volume- and renin-dependent hypertension in Cx40-/- 1K1C mice raised blood pressure and cardiac weight index. Under these conditions, all aortas showed increased levels of Cx40 in endothelial cells and of both Cx37 and Cx45 in smooth muscle cells. In the wild-type 1K1C mice, the interactions between Cx40 and Cx37 with eNOS were enhanced, resulting in increased NO release. The Cx40-eNOS interaction could not be observed in mice lacking Cx40, which also featured decreased levels of eNOS. In these animals, the volume overload caused by the 1K1C procedure resulted in increased phosphorylation of eNOS and in a higher NO release. The findings provide evidence that Cx40 and Cx37 play an in vivo role in the regulation of eNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Le Gal
- From the Departments of Medicine (L.L.G., F.A., J.-A.H.) and Angiology (L.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland (P.M.)
| | - Florian Alonso
- From the Departments of Medicine (L.L.G., F.A., J.-A.H.) and Angiology (L.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland (P.M.)
| | - Lucia Mazzolai
- From the Departments of Medicine (L.L.G., F.A., J.-A.H.) and Angiology (L.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland (P.M.)
| | - Paolo Meda
- From the Departments of Medicine (L.L.G., F.A., J.-A.H.) and Angiology (L.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland (P.M.)
| | - Jacques-Antoine Haefliger
- From the Departments of Medicine (L.L.G., F.A., J.-A.H.) and Angiology (L.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland (P.M.).
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Peng WJ, Liu Y, Yu YR, Fu YQ, Zhao Y, Kuang HB, Huang QR, He M, Luo D. Rutaecarpine prevented dysfunction of endothelial gap junction induced by Ox-LDL via activation of TRPV1. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 756:8-14. [PMID: 25794845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gap junctions, which is formed by connexins, has been proved to play an important role in the atherogenesis development. Rutaecarpine was reported to inhibited monocyte migration, which indicates its potential for anti-atherosclerosis activity. This study evaluated the effect of rutaecarpine on endothelial dysfunction, and focused on the regulation of connexin expression in endothelial cells by rutaecarpine. Endothelia damage was induced by exposing HUVEC-12 to Ox-LDL (100mg/l) for 24h, which decreased the expression of protective proteins Cx37 and Cx40, but induced atherogenic Cx43 expression, in both mRNA and protein levels, concomitant with the impaired propidium iodide diffusion through the gap junctions. Pretreatment with rutaecarpine effectively recovered the expression of Cx37 and Cx40, but inhibited Cx43 expression, thereby improving gap junction communication and significantly prevented the endothelial dysfunction. Consequently, the cell viability and nitric oxide production were increased, lactate dehydrogenase production was decreased and monocyte adhesion was inhibited. These protective effects of rutaecarpine were remarkably attenuated by pretreatment with capsazepine, a competitive antagonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1). In summary, this study is the first to report that rutaecarpine prevents endothelial injury and gap junction dysfunction induced by Ox-LDL in vitro, which is related to regulation of connexin expression patterns via TRPV1 activation. These results suggest that rutaecarpine has the potential for use as an anti-atherosclerosis agent with a novel mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jie Peng
- Medical college, Nanchang University, Bayi Road 461, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, PR China
| | - Yong Liu
- Ganzhou Cancer Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China
| | - Yan-Rong Yu
- Medical college, Nanchang University, Bayi Road 461, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, PR China
| | - Yan-Qi Fu
- Medical college, Nanchang University, Bayi Road 461, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, PR China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Medical college, Nanchang University, Bayi Road 461, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, PR China
| | - Hai-Bing Kuang
- Medical college, Nanchang University, Bayi Road 461, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, PR China
| | - Qi-Ren Huang
- Medical college, Nanchang University, Bayi Road 461, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, PR China
| | - Ming He
- Medical college, Nanchang University, Bayi Road 461, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, PR China
| | - Dan Luo
- Medical college, Nanchang University, Bayi Road 461, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, PR China.
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Dhein S, Gaertner C, Georgieff C, Salameh A, Schlegel F, Mohr FW. Effects of isoprenaline on endothelial connexins and angiogenesis in a human endothelial cell culture system. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 388:101-8. [PMID: 25358823 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-1059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Downregulation of endothelial connexins has been shown to result in impaired angiogenesis. Isoprenaline is known to upregulate Cx43 in cardiomyocytes. Effects of isoprenaline on endothelial connexins are unknown. We wanted to investigate whether isoprenaline might induce upregulation of connexins Cx37, Cx40, or Cx43 in human endothelial cells and whether it may promote angiogenesis. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured until confluence (5 days) and subsequently seeded in Matrigel in vitro angiogenesis assays for 18 h. During the entire cell culture and angiogenesis period, cells were treated with vehicle or isoprenaline (100 nM). Finally, the resulting angiogenetic network was investigated (immuno)histologically. Moreover, expression of Cx37, Cx40, and Cx43 was determined by Western blot. In addition, we measured functional intercellular gap junction coupling by dye injection using patch clamp technique. Isoprenaline resulted in significantly enhanced expression of endothelial Cx43 and to a lower degree of Cx40 and Cx37. The number of coupling cells was significantly increased. Regarding angiogenesis, we observed significantly enhanced formation of branches and a higher complexity of the tube networks with more branches/length. Isoprenaline increases endothelial connexin expression and intercellular coupling and promotes tube formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Dhein
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Struempellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany,
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Wang S, Lin LM, Wu YN, Fang M, Yu YQ, Zhou J, Gong ZY. Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and antihypertensive effects of grass carp peptides. Food Sci Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-014-0226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Molica F, Meens MJP, Morel S, Kwak BR. Mutations in cardiovascular connexin genes. Biol Cell 2014; 106:269-93. [PMID: 24966059 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201400038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Connexins (Cxs) form a family of transmembrane proteins comprising 21 members in humans. Cxs differ in their expression patterns, biophysical properties and ability to combine into homomeric or heteromeric gap junction channels between neighbouring cells. The permeation of ions and small metabolites through gap junction channels or hemichannels confers a crucial role to these proteins in intercellular communication and in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Among others, Cx37, Cx40, Cx43, Cx45 and Cx47 are found in heart, blood and lymphatic vessels. Mutations or polymorphisms in the genes coding for these Cxs have not only been implicated in cardiovascular pathologies but also in a variety of other disorders. While mutations in Cx43 are mostly linked to oculodentodigital dysplasia, Cx47 mutations are associated with Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease and lymphoedema. Cx40 mutations are principally linked to atrial fibrillation. Mutations in Cx37 have not yet been described, but polymorphisms in the Cx37 gene have been implicated in the development of arterial disease. This review addresses current knowledge on gene mutations in cardiovascular Cxs systematically and links them to alterations in channel properties and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Molica
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Medical Specializations - Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Kee PH, Kim H, Huang S, Laing ST, Moody MR, Vela D, Klegerman ME, McPherson DD. Nitric oxide pretreatment enhances atheroma component highlighting in vivo with intercellular adhesion molecule-1-targeted echogenic liposomes. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2014; 40:1167-76. [PMID: 24613216 PMCID: PMC4011946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We present an ultrasound technique for the detection of inflammatory changes in developing atheromas. We used contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging with (i) microbubbles targeted to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), a molecule of adhesion involved in inflammatory processes in lesions of atheromas in New Zealand White rabbits, and (ii) pretreatment with nitric oxide-loaded microbubbles and ultrasound activation at the site of the endothelium to enhance the permeability of the arterial wall and the penetration of ICAM-1-targeted microbubbles. This procedure increases acoustic enhancement 1.2-fold. Pretreatment with nitric oxide-loaded echogenic liposomes and ultrasound activation can potentially facilitate the subsequent penetration of targeted echogenic liposomes into the arterial wall, thus allowing improved detection of inflammatory changes in developing atheromas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick H Kee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Hyunggun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shaoling Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Susan T Laing
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Melanie R Moody
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Deborah Vela
- Cardiovascular Pathology, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Melvin E Klegerman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David D McPherson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Yu GX, Mueller M, Hawkins BE, Mathew BP, Parsley MA, Vergara LA, Hellmich HL, Prough DS, Dewitt DS. Traumatic brain injury in vivo and in vitro contributes to cerebral vascular dysfunction through impaired gap junction communication between vascular smooth muscle cells. J Neurotrauma 2014; 31:739-48. [PMID: 24341563 PMCID: PMC4047850 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2013.3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gap junctions (GJs) contribute to cerebral vasodilation, vasoconstriction, and, perhaps, to vascular compensatory mechanisms, such as autoregulation. To explore the effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on vascular GJ communication, we assessed GJ coupling in A7r5 vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells subjected to rapid stretch injury (RSI) in vitro and VSM in middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) harvested from rats subjected to fluid percussion TBI in vivo. Intercellular communication was evaluated by measuring fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). In VSM cells in vitro, FRAP increased significantly (p<0.05 vs. sham RSI) after mild RSI, but decreased significantly (p<0.05 vs. sham RSI) after moderate or severe RSI. FRAP decreased significantly (p<0.05 vs. sham RSI) 30 min and 2 h, but increased significantly (p<0.05 vs. sham RSI) 24 h after RSI. In MCAs harvested from rats 30 min after moderate TBI in vivo, FRAP was reduced significantly (p<0.05), compared to MCAs from rats after sham TBI. In VSM cells in vitro, pretreatment with the peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) scavenger, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)prophyrinato iron[III], prevented RSI-induced reductions in FRAP. In isolated MCAs from rats treated with the ONOO(-) scavenger, penicillamine, GJ coupling was not impaired by fluid percussion TBI. In addition, penicillamine treatment improved vasodilatory responses to reduced intravascular pressure in MCAs harvested from rats subjected to moderate fluid percussion TBI. These results indicate that TBI reduced GJ coupling in VSM cells in vitro and in vivo through mechanisms related to generation of the potent oxidant, ONOO(-).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Xiang Yu
- Charles R. Allen Research Laboratories, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
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Meens MJ, Sabine A, Petrova TV, Kwak BR. Connexins in lymphatic vessel physiology and disease. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:1271-7. [PMID: 24457200 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Connexins are transmembrane proteins that form gap junction- and hemi-channels. Once inserted into the membrane, hemi-channels (connexons) allow for diffusion of ions and small molecules (<1 kDa) between the extracellular space and the cytosol. Gap junction channels allow diffusion of similar molecules between the cytoplasms of adjacent cells. The expression and function of connexins in blood vessels has been intensely studied in the last few decades. In contrast, only a few studies paid attention to lymphatic vessels; convincing in vivo data with respect to expression patterns of lymphatic connexins and their functional roles have only recently begun to emerge. Interestingly, mutations in connexin genes have been linked to diseases of lymphatic vasculature, most notably primary and secondary lymphedema. This review summarizes the available data regarding lymphatic connexins. More specifically it addresses (i) early studies aimed at presence of gap junction-like structures in lymphatic vessels, (ii) more recent studies focusing on lymphatic connexins using genetically engineered mice, and (iii) results of clinical studies that have reported lymphedema-linked mutations in connexin genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlijn J Meens
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine - Cardiology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Amélie Sabine
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana V Petrova
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brenda R Kwak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine - Cardiology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Morschauser TJ, Ramadoss J, Koch JM, Yi FX, Lopez GE, Bird IM, Magness RR. Local effects of pregnancy on connexin proteins that mediate Ca2+-associated uterine endothelial NO synthesis. Hypertension 2013; 63:589-94. [PMID: 24366080 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Uterine artery adaptations during gestation facilitate increases in uterine blood flow and fetal growth. HYPOTHESIS local expression and distribution of uterine artery connexins play roles in mediating in vivo gestational eNOS activation and NO production. We established an ovine model restricting pregnancy to a single uterine horn and measured uterine blood flow, uterine artery shear stress, connexins 37/43, and P(635)eNOS protein levels in uterine artery and systemic artery (omental and renal) endothelium and connexins in vascular smooth muscle. Uterine blood flow and shear stress were locally (unilaterally) and substantially elevated by gestation. During pregnancy, uterine artery endothelial gap junction proteins connexins 37/43 were locally regulated in the gravid horn and elevated 10.3- and 25.6-fold; uterine artery endothelial P(635)eNOS and total eNOS were elevated 3.3- and 2.9-fold; whereas uterine artery vascular smooth muscle connexins 37/43 were locally elevated 12.5- and 5.9-fold, respectively. Less pronounced changes were observed in systemic vasculature except for significant pregnancy-associated increases in omental artery vascular smooth muscle connexin 43 and omental artery endothelial P(635)eNOS and total eNOS. Gap junction blockade using connexin 43, but not connexin 37-specific Gap peptides, abrogated uterine artery endothelial ATP-induced Ca(2+)-mediated NO production. Thus, uterine artery endothelial connexin 43, but not connexin 37, regulates Ca(2+)-mediated NO production required for the vasodilation to accommodate increases in uterine blood flow and shear stress during healthy pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Morschauser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, PAB1, Meriter Hospital/Park, 202 S. Park St, Madison, WI 53715.
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Végh A, Gönczi M, Miskolczi G, Kovács M. Regulation of gap junctions by nitric oxide influences the generation of arrhythmias resulting from acute ischemia and reperfusion in vivo. Front Pharmacol 2013; 4:76. [PMID: 23785332 PMCID: PMC3682124 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia resulting from sudden occlusion of a coronary artery is one of the major causes in the appearance of severe, often life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Although the underlying mechanisms of these acute arrhythmias are many and varied, there is no doubt that uncoupling of gap junctions (GJs) play an important role especially in arrhythmias that are generated during phase Ib, and often terminate in sudden cardiac death. In the past decades considerable efforts have been made to explore mechanisms which regulate the function of GJs, and to find new approaches for protection against arrhythmias through the modulation of GJs. These investigations led to the development of GJ openers and inhibitors. The pharmacological modulation of GJs, however, resulted in conflicting results. It is still not clear whether opening or closing of GJs would be advantageous for the ischemic myocardium. Both maneuvers can result in protection, depending on the models, endpoints and the time of opening and closing of GJs. Furthermore, although there is substantial evidence that preconditioning decreases or delays the uncoupling of GJs, the precise mechanisms by which this attains have not yet been elucidated. In our own studies in anesthetized dogs preconditioning suppressed the ischemia and reperfusion-induced ventricular arrhythmias, and this protection was associated with the preservation of GJ function, manifested in less marked changes in electrical impedance, as well as in the maintenance of GJ permeability and phosphorylation of connexin43. Since we have substantial previous evidence that nitric oxide (NO) is an important trigger and mediator of the preconditioning-induced antiarrhythmic protection, we hypothesized that NO, among its several effects, may lead to this protection by influencing cardiac GJs. The hypotheses and theories relating to the pharmacological modulation of GJs will be discussed with particular attention to the role of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Végh
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
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Endothelial control of vasodilation: integration of myoendothelial microdomain signalling and modulation by epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. Pflugers Arch 2013; 466:389-405. [PMID: 23748495 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endothelium-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are fatty acid epoxides that play an important role in the control of vascular tone in selected coronary, renal, carotid, cerebral and skeletal muscle arteries. Vasodilation due to endothelium-dependent smooth muscle hyperpolarization (EDH) has been suggested to involve EETs as a transferable endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor. However, this activity may also be due to EETs interacting with the components of other primary EDH-mediated vasodilator mechanisms. Indeed, the transfer of hyperpolarization initiated in the endothelium to the adjacent smooth muscle via gap junction connexins occurs separately or synergistically with the release of K(+) ions at discrete myoendothelial microdomain signalling sites. The net effects of such activity are smooth muscle hyperpolarization, closure of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels, phospholipase C deactivation and vasodilation. The spatially localized and key components of the microdomain signalling complex are the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-mediated endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) store, Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (KCa), transient receptor potential (TRP) and inward-rectifying K(+) channels, gap junctions and the smooth muscle Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase. Of these, TRP channels and connexins are key endothelial effector targets modulated by EETs. In an integrated manner, endogenous EETs enhance extracellular Ca(2+) influx (thereby amplifying and prolonging KCa-mediated endothelial hyperpolarization) and also facilitate the conduction of this hyperpolarization to spatially remote vessel regions. The contribution of EETs and the receptor and channel subtypes involved in EDH-related microdomain signalling, as a candidate for a universal EDH-mediated vasodilator mechanism, vary with vascular bed, species, development and disease and thus represent potentially selective targets for modulating specific artery function.
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