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Andersson J, Bilotto P, Mears LLE, Fossati S, Ramach U, Köper I, Valtiner M, Knoll W. Solid-supported lipid bilayers - A versatile tool for the structural and functional characterization of membrane proteins. Methods 2020; 180:56-68. [PMID: 32920130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular membrane is central to the development of single-and multicellular life, as it separates the delicate cellular interior from the hostile environment. It exerts tight control over entry and exit of substances, is responsible for signaling with other cells in multicellular organisms and prevents pathogens from entering the cell. In the case of bacteria and viruses, the cellular membrane also hosts the proteins enabling invasion of the host organism. In a very real sense therefore, the cellular membrane is central to all life. The study of the cell membrane and membrane proteins in particular has therefore attracted significant attention. Due to the enormous variety of tasks performed by the membrane, it is a highly complex and challenging structure to study. Ideally, membrane components would be studied in isolation from this environment, but unlike water soluble proteins, the amphiphilic environment provided by the cellular membrane is key to the structure and function of the cell membrane. Therefore, model membranes have been developed to provide an environment in which a membrane protein can be studied. This review presents a set of tools that enable the comprehensive characterization of membrane proteins: electrochemical tools, surface plasmon resonance, neutron scattering, the surface forces apparatus and atomic force microscopy are discussed, with a particular focus on experimental technique and data evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierluigi Bilotto
- Institute of Applied Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna 1040, Austria
| | - Laura L E Mears
- Institute of Applied Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna 1040, Austria
| | - Stefan Fossati
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Applied Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna 1040, Austria
| | - Ulrich Ramach
- Institute of Applied Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna 1040, Austria; CEST Kompetenzzentrum für elektrochemische Oberflächentechnologie, Wiener Neustadt 2700, Austria
| | - Ingo Köper
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Markus Valtiner
- Institute of Applied Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna 1040, Austria; CEST Kompetenzzentrum für elektrochemische Oberflächentechnologie, Wiener Neustadt 2700, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Knoll
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, 1210 Vienna, Austria; CEST Kompetenzzentrum für elektrochemische Oberflächentechnologie, Wiener Neustadt 2700, Austria
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2
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Muller MP, Jiang T, Sun C, Lihan M, Pant S, Mahinthichaichan P, Trifan A, Tajkhorshid E. Characterization of Lipid-Protein Interactions and Lipid-Mediated Modulation of Membrane Protein Function through Molecular Simulation. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6086-6161. [PMID: 30978005 PMCID: PMC6506392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The cellular membrane constitutes one of the most fundamental compartments of a living cell, where key processes such as selective transport of material and exchange of information between the cell and its environment are mediated by proteins that are closely associated with the membrane. The heterogeneity of lipid composition of biological membranes and the effect of lipid molecules on the structure, dynamics, and function of membrane proteins are now widely recognized. Characterization of these functionally important lipid-protein interactions with experimental techniques is however still prohibitively challenging. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations offer a powerful complementary approach with sufficient temporal and spatial resolutions to gain atomic-level structural information and energetics on lipid-protein interactions. In this review, we aim to provide a broad survey of MD simulations focusing on exploring lipid-protein interactions and characterizing lipid-modulated protein structure and dynamics that have been successful in providing novel insight into the mechanism of membrane protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie P. Muller
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
- Department of Biochemistry
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology
- College of Medicine
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Tao Jiang
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
- Department of Biochemistry
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Chang Sun
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
- Department of Biochemistry
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Muyun Lihan
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
- Department of Biochemistry
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Shashank Pant
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
- Department of Biochemistry
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Paween Mahinthichaichan
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
- Department of Biochemistry
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Anda Trifan
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
- Department of Biochemistry
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
- Department of Biochemistry
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology
- College of Medicine
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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3
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Mallikarjunaiah KJ, Kinnun JJ, Petrache HI, Brown MF. Flexible lipid nanomaterials studied by NMR spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:18422-18457. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06179c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Advances in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy inform the emergence of material properties from atomistic-level interactions in membrane lipid nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. J. Mallikarjunaiah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Arizona
- Tucson
- USA
- Department of Physics
| | - Jacob J. Kinnun
- Department of Physics
- Indiana University-Purdue University
- Indianapolis
- USA
| | - Horia I. Petrache
- Department of Physics
- Indiana University-Purdue University
- Indianapolis
- USA
| | - Michael F. Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Arizona
- Tucson
- USA
- Department of Physics
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4
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Alsop RJ, Himbert S, Dhaliwal A, Schmalzl K, Rheinstädter MC. Aspirin locally disrupts the liquid-ordered phase. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:171710. [PMID: 29515878 PMCID: PMC5830767 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Local structure and dynamics of lipid membranes play an important role in membrane function. The diffusion of small molecules, the curvature of lipids around a protein and the existence of cholesterol-rich lipid domains (rafts) are examples for the membrane to serve as a functional interface. The collective fluctuations of lipid tails, in particular, are relevant for diffusion of membrane constituents and small molecules in and across membranes, and for structure and formation of membrane domains. We studied the effect of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) on local structure and dynamics of membranes composed of dimyristoylphosphocholine (DMPC) and cholesterol. Aspirin is a common analgesic, but is also used in the treatment of cholesterol. Using coherent inelastic neutron scattering experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we present evidence that ASA binds to liquid-ordered, raft-like domains and disturbs domain organization and dampens collective fluctuations. By hydrogen-bonding to lipid molecules, ASA forms 'superfluid' complexes with lipid molecules that can organize laterally in superlattices and suppress cholesterol's ordering effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Alsop
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sebastian Himbert
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Dhaliwal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karin Schmalzl
- JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at ILL, Grenoble, France
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5
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Structural Behavior of the Peptaibol Harzianin HK VI in a DMPC Bilayer: Insights from MD Simulations. Biophys J 2017. [PMID: 28636916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Microsecond molecular dynamics simulations of harzianin HK VI (HZ) interacting with a dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer were performed at the condition of low peptide-to-lipid ratio. Two orientations of HZ molecule in the bilayer were found and characterized. In the orientation perpendicular to the bilayer surface, HZ induces a local thinning of the bilayer. When inserted into the bilayer parallel to its surface, HZ is located nearly completely within the hydrophobic region of the bilayer. A combination of solid-state NMR and circular dichroism experiments found the latter orientation to be dominant. An extended sampling simulation provided qualitative results and showed the same orientation to be a global minimum of free energy. The secondary structure of HZ was characterized, and it was found to be located in the 310-helical family. The specific challenges of computer simulation of nonpolar peptides are discussed briefly.
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6
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Dynamic processes in biological membrane mimics revealed by quasielastic neutron scattering. Chem Phys Lipids 2017; 206:28-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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7
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Schroeter A, Stahlberg S, Školová B, Sonnenberger S, Eichner A, Huster D, Vávrová K, Hauß T, Dobner B, Neubert RHH, Vogel A. Phase separation in ceramide[NP] containing lipid model membranes: neutron diffraction and solid-state NMR. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:2107-2119. [PMID: 28225091 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02356h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the skin and protects the organism against external influences as well as water loss. It consists of corneocytes embedded in a mixture of ceramides, fatty acids, and cholesterol in a molar ratio of roughly 1 : 1 : 1. The unique structural and compositional arrangement of these stratum corneum lipids is responsible for the skin barrier properties. Many studies investigated the organization of these barrier lipids and, in particular, the exact conformation of ceramides. However, so far no consensus has been reached. In this study, we investigate a model system comprised of N-(non-hydroxy-tetracosanoyl)-phytosphingosine/cholesterol/tetracosanoic acid (CER[NP]-C24/CHOL/TA) at a 1 : 1 : 1 molar ratio using neutron diffraction and 2H solid-state NMR spectroscopy at temperatures from 25 °C to 80 °C. Deuterated variants of all three lipid components of the model system were used to enable their separate investigation in the NMR spectra and quantification of the amount of molecules in each phase. Neutron scattering experiments show the coexistence of two lipid phases at low temperatures with repeat spacings of 54.2 Å and 43.0 Å at a physiological skin temperature of 32 °C. They appear to be indistinguishable in the 2H NMR spectra as both phases are crystalline and ceramide molecules do not rotate around their long axis on a microsecond timescale. The evolution of these phases upon heating is followed and with increasing temperature fluid and even isotropically mobile molecules are observed. A model of the organization of the lamellar phases is proposed in which the thicker phase consists of CER[NP]-C24 in a hairpin conformation mixed with CHOL and TA, while the phase with a repeat spacing of 43.0 Å contains CER[NP]-C24 in a V-shape conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annett Schroeter
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sören Stahlberg
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Barbora Školová
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany. and Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Sonnenberger
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Adina Eichner
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Daniel Huster
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Kateřina Vávrová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Hauß
- Institute of Soft Matter and Functional Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Materialien und Energie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bodo Dobner
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Reinhard H H Neubert
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany and Institute of Applied Dermatopharmacy at the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alexander Vogel
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany.
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8
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Carrillo JMY, Katsaras J, Sumpter BG, Ashkar R. A Computational Approach for Modeling Neutron Scattering Data from Lipid Bilayers. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:916-925. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John Katsaras
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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9
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Baylon JL, Vermaas JV, Muller MP, Arcario MJ, Pogorelov TV, Tajkhorshid E. Atomic-level description of protein-lipid interactions using an accelerated membrane model. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1858:1573-83. [PMID: 26940626 PMCID: PMC4877275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral membrane proteins are structurally diverse proteins that are involved in fundamental cellular processes. Their activity of these proteins is frequently modulated through their interaction with cellular membranes, and as a result techniques to study the interfacial interaction between peripheral proteins and the membrane are in high demand. Due to the fluid nature of the membrane and the reversibility of protein-membrane interactions, the experimental study of these systems remains a challenging task. Molecular dynamics simulations offer a suitable approach to study protein-lipid interactions; however, the slow dynamics of the lipids often prevents sufficient sampling of specific membrane-protein interactions in atomistic simulations. To increase lipid dynamics while preserving the atomistic detail of protein-lipid interactions, in the highly mobile membrane-mimetic (HMMM) model the membrane core is replaced by an organic solvent, while short-tailed lipids provide a nearly complete representation of natural lipids at the organic solvent/water interface. Here, we present a brief introduction and a summary of recent applications of the HMMM to study different membrane proteins, complementing the experimental characterization of the presented systems, and we offer a perspective of future applications of the HMMM to study other classes of membrane proteins. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane proteins edited by J.C. Gumbart and Sergei Noskov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier L Baylon
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology.
| | - Josh V Vermaas
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology.
| | - Melanie P Muller
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology; College of Medicine.
| | - Mark J Arcario
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology; College of Medicine.
| | - Taras V Pogorelov
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology; School of Chemical Sciences; Department of Chemistry; National Center for Supercomputing Applications.
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology; College of Medicine; Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801.
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10
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The interactions of peripheral membrane proteins with biological membranes. Chem Phys Lipids 2015; 192:51-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Vermaas JV, Tajkhorshid E. A microscopic view of phospholipid insertion into biological membranes. J Phys Chem B 2013; 118:1754-64. [PMID: 24313792 DOI: 10.1021/jp409854w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the process of membrane insertion is an essential step in developing a detailed mechanism, for example, for peripheral membrane protein association and membrane fusion. The highly mobile membrane mimetic (HMMM) has been used to accelerate the membrane association and binding of peripheral membrane proteins in simulations by increasing the lateral diffusion of phospholipid headgroups while retaining an atomistic description of the interface. Through a comparative study, we assess the difference in insertion rate of a free phospholipid into an HMMM as well as into a conventional phospholipid bilayer and develop a detailed mechanistic model of free phospholipid insertion into biological membranes. The mechanistic insertion model shows that successful irreversible association of the free phospholipid to the membrane interface, which results in its insertion, is the rate-limiting step. Association is followed by independent, sequential insertion of the acyl tails of the free phospholipid into the membrane, with splayed acyl tail intermediates. Use of the HMMM is found to replicate the same intermediate insertion states as in the full phospholipid bilayer; however, it accelerates overall insertion by approximately a factor of 3, with the probability of successful association of phospholipid to the membrane being significantly enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh V Vermaas
- Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, Department Biochemistry, College of Medicine, and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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12
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Mori T, Jung J, Sugita Y. Surface-Tension Replica-Exchange Molecular Dynamics Method for Enhanced Sampling of Biological Membrane Systems. J Chem Theory Comput 2013; 9:5629-40. [PMID: 26592297 DOI: 10.1021/ct400445k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Conformational sampling is fundamentally important for simulating complex biomolecular systems. The generalized-ensemble algorithm, especially the temperature replica-exchange molecular dynamics method (T-REMD), is one of the most powerful methods to explore structures of biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and also of lipid membranes. T-REMD simulations have focused on soluble proteins rather than membrane proteins or lipid bilayers, because explicit membranes do not keep their structural integrity at high temperature. Here, we propose a new generalized-ensemble algorithm for membrane systems, which we call the surface-tension REMD method. Each replica is simulated in the NPγT ensemble, and surface tensions in a pair of replicas are exchanged at certain intervals to enhance conformational sampling of the target membrane system. We test the method on two biological membrane systems: a fully hydrated DPPC (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine) lipid bilayer and a WALP23-POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) membrane system. During these simulations, a random walk in surface tension space is realized. Large-scale lateral deformation (shrinking and stretching) of the membranes takes place in all of the replicas without collapse of the lipid bilayer structure. There is accelerated lateral diffusion of DPPC lipid molecules compared with conventional MD simulation, and a much wider range of tilt angle of the WALP23 peptide is sampled due to large deformation of the POPC lipid bilayer and through peptide-lipid interactions. Our method could be applicable to a wide variety of biological membrane systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaharu Mori
- RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center, 7-1-26 minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.,RIKEN Theoretical Molecular Science Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jaewoon Jung
- RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science, 7-1-26 minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yuji Sugita
- RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center, 7-1-26 minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.,RIKEN Theoretical Molecular Science Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science, 7-1-26 minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
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