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Croucher KM, Fleming SM. ATP13A2 (PARK9) and basal ganglia function. Front Neurol 2024; 14:1252400. [PMID: 38249738 PMCID: PMC10796451 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1252400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
ATP13A2 is a lysosomal protein involved in polyamine transport with loss of function mutations associated with multiple neurodegenerative conditions. These include early onset Parkinson's disease, Kufor-Rakeb Syndrome, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, hereditary spastic paraplegia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. While ATP13A2 mutations may result in clinical heterogeneity, the basal ganglia appear to be impacted in the majority of cases. The basal ganglia is particularly vulnerable to environmental exposures such as heavy metals, pesticides, and industrial agents which are also established risk factors for many neurodegenerative conditions. Not surprisingly then, impaired function of ATP13A2 has been linked to heavy metal toxicity including manganese, iron, and zinc. This review discusses the role of ATP13A2 in basal ganglia function and dysfunction, potential common pathological mechanisms in ATP13A2-related disorders, and how gene x environment interactions may contribute to basal ganglia dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M. Croucher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Sheila M. Fleming
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
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2
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Zhang F, Wu Z, Yu B, Ning Z, Lu Z, Li L, Long F, Hu Q, Zhong C, Zhang Y, Lin C. ATP13A2 activates the pentose phosphate pathway to promote colorectal cancer growth though TFEB-PGD axis. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1272. [PMID: 37243374 PMCID: PMC10220388 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is an important mechanism by which tumour cells resist stressful environments and maintain malignant proliferation. However, the mechanism by which the PPP regulates these processes in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains elusive. METHODS Closely related PPP genes were obtained from the TCGA and GEO databases. The effect of ATP13A2 on CRC cell proliferation was evaluated by performing in vitro assays. The connection between the PPP and ATP13A2 was explored by assessing proliferation and antioxidative stress. The molecular mechanism by which ATP13A2 regulates the PPP was investigated using chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual luciferase experiments. The clinical therapeutic potential of ATP13A2 was explored using patient-derived xenograft (PDX), patient-derived organoid (PDO) and AOM/DSS models. FINDINGS We identified ATP13A2 as a novel PPP-related gene. ATP13A2 deficiency inhibited CRC growth and PPP activity, as manifested by a decrease in the levels of PPP products and an increase in reactive oxygen species levels, whereas ATP13A2 overexpression induced the opposite effect. Mechanistically, ATP13A2 regulated the PPP mainly by affecting phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) mRNA expression. Subsequent studies showed that ATP13A2 overexpression promoted TFEB nuclear localization by inhibiting the phosphorylation of TFEB, thereby enhancing the transcription of PGD and ultimately affecting the activity of the PPP. Finally, ATP13A2 knockdown inhibited CRC growth in PDO and PDX models. ATP13A2- /- mice had a lower CRC growth capacity than ATP13A2+/+ in the AOM/DSS model.Our findings revealed that ATP13A2 overexpression-driven dephosphorylation of TFEB promotes PPP activation by increasing PGD transcription, suggesting that ATP13A2 may serve as a potential target for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Bowen Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Zhengping Ning
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Zhixing Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Hernia and Enterofistula SurgeryPeople's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNaningChina
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Fei Long
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Qionggui Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Chonglei Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryAfliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Changwei Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
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García-Beltrán O, Urrutia PJ, Núñez MT. On the Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Multifunctional Compounds for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020214. [PMID: 36829773 PMCID: PMC9952574 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, iron dyshomeostasis, increased oxidative damage and inflammation are pathognomonic features of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative disorders characterized by abnormal iron accumulation. Moreover, the existence of positive feed-back loops between these pathological components, which accelerate, and sometimes make irreversible, the neurodegenerative process, is apparent. At present, the available treatments for PD aim to relieve the symptoms, thus improving quality of life, but no treatments to stop the progression of the disease are available. Recently, the use of multifunctional compounds with the capacity to attack several of the key components of neurodegenerative processes has been proposed as a strategy to slow down the progression of neurodegenerative processes. For the treatment of PD specifically, the necessary properties of new-generation drugs should include mitochondrial destination, the center of iron-reactive oxygen species interaction, iron chelation capacity to decrease iron-mediated oxidative damage, the capacity to quench free radicals to decrease the risk of ferroptotic neuronal death, the capacity to disrupt α-synuclein aggregates and the capacity to decrease inflammatory conditions. Desirable additional characteristics are dopaminergic neurons to lessen unwanted secondary effects during long-term treatment, and the inhibition of the MAO-B and COMPT activities to increase intraneuronal dopamine content. On the basis of the published evidence, in this work, we review the molecular basis underlying the pathological events associated with PD and the clinical trials that have used single-target drugs to stop the progress of the disease. We also review the current information on multifunctional compounds that may be used for the treatment of PD and discuss the chemical characteristics that underlie their functionality. As a projection, some of these compounds or modifications could be used to treat diseases that share common pathology features with PD, such as Friedreich's ataxia, Multiple sclerosis, Huntington disease and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olimpo García-Beltrán
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad de Ibagué, Carrera 22 Calle 67, Ibagué 730002, Colombia
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, General Gana 1702, Santiago 8370854, Chile
- Correspondence:
| | - Pamela J. Urrutia
- Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile
| | - Marco T. Núñez
- Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago 7800024, Chile
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4
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Azfar M, van Veen S, Houdou M, Hamouda NN, Eggermont J, Vangheluwe P. P5B-ATPases in the mammalian polyamine transport system and their role in disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119354. [PMID: 36064065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are physiologically relevant molecules that are ubiquitous in all organisms. The vitality of PAs to the healthy functioning of a cell is due to their polycationic nature causing them to interact with a vast plethora of cellular players and partake in numerous cellular pathways. Naturally, the homeostasis of such essential molecules is tightly regulated in a strictly controlled interplay between intracellular synthesis and degradation, uptake from and secretion to the extracellular compartment, as well as intracellular trafficking. Not surprisingly, dysregulated PA homeostasis and signaling are implicated in multiple disorders, ranging from cancer to neurodegeneration; leading many to propose rectifying the PA balance as a potential therapeutic strategy. Despite being well characterized in bacteria, fungi and plants, the molecular identity and properties of the PA transporters in animals are poorly understood. This review brings together the current knowledge of the cellular function of the mammalian PA transport system (PTS). We will focus on the role of P5B-ATPases ATP13A2-5 which are PA transporters in the endosomal system that have emerged as key players in cellular PA uptake and organelle homeostasis. We will discuss recent breakthroughs on their biochemical and structural properties as well as their implications for disease and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujahid Azfar
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah van Veen
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marine Houdou
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Norin Nabil Hamouda
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Eggermont
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Vangheluwe
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Zhang R, Hou X, Wang C, Li J, Zhu J, Jiang Y, Hou F. The Endoplasmic Reticulum ATP13A1 is Essential for MAVS-Mediated Antiviral Innate Immunity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203831. [PMID: 36216581 PMCID: PMC9685455 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
RIG-I-MAVS signaling pathway is essential for efficient innate immune response against virus infection. Though many components have been identified in RIG-I pathway and it can be partially reconstituted in vitro, detailed mechanisms involved in cells are still unclear. Here, a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen is performed using an engineered cell line IFNB-P2A-GSDMD-N, and ATP13A1, a putative dislocase located on the endoplasmic reticulum, is identified as an important regulator of RIG-I pathway. ATP13A1 deficiency abolishes RIG-I-mediated antiviral innate immune response due to compromised MAVS stability and crippled signaling potency of residual MAVS. Moreover, it is discovered that MAVS is subject to protease-mediated degradation in the absence of ATP13A1. As homozygous Atp13a1 knockout mice result in developmental retardation and embryonic lethality, Atp13a1 conditional knockout mice are generated. Myeloid-specific Atp13a1-deficient mice are viable and susceptible to RNA virus infection. Collectively, the findings reveal that ATP13A1 is indispensable for the stability and activation of MAVS and a proper antiviral innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular BiologyShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyCenter for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Xianteng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular BiologyShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyCenter for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Changwan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular BiologyShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyCenter for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular BiologyShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyCenter for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Junyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular BiologyShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyCenter for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Yingbo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular BiologyShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyCenter for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Fajian Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular BiologyShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyCenter for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceHangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou310024China
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Chen Z, Yuan Z, Yang S, Zhu Y, Xue M, Zhang J, Leng L. Brain Energy Metabolism: Astrocytes in Neurodegenerative Diseases. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:24-36. [PMID: 36193573 PMCID: PMC9804080 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the brain. They have many important functions in the central nervous system (CNS), including the maintenance of glutamate and ion homeostasis, the elimination of oxidative stress, energy storage in glycogen, tissue repair, regulating synaptic activity by releasing neurotransmitters, and participating in synaptic formation. Astrocytes have special highly ramified structure. Their branches contact with synapses of neurons inwardly, with fine structure and wrapping synapses; their feet contact with blood vessels of brain parenchyma outward, almost wrapping the whole brain. The adjacent astrocytes rarely overlap and communicate with each other through gap junction channels. The ideal location of astrocytes enables them to sense the weak changes of their surroundings and provide the structural basis for the energy supply of neurons. Neurons and astrocytes are closely coupled units of energy metabolism in the brain. Neurons consume a lot of ATPs in the process of neurotransmission. Astrocytes provide metabolic substrates for neurons, maintain high activity of neuron, and facilitate information transmission of neurons. This article reviews the characteristics of glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism of astrocytes. The metabolic interactions between astrocytes and neurons, astrocytes and microglia were also detailed discussed. Finally, we classified analyzed the role of metabolic disorder of astrocytes in the occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlei Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging ResearchInstitute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Ziqi Yuan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging ResearchInstitute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Shangchen Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging ResearchInstitute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Yufei Zhu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging ResearchInstitute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Maoqiang Xue
- Department of Basic Medical Science, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Jie Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging ResearchInstitute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Lige Leng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging ResearchInstitute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
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7
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Zhang F, Wu Z, Long F, Tan J, Gong N, Li X, Lin C. The Roles of ATP13A2 Gene Mutations Leading to Abnormal Aggregation of α-Synuclein in Parkinson’s Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:927682. [PMID: 35875356 PMCID: PMC9296842 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.927682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. PARK9 (also known as ATP13A2) is recognized as one of the key genes that cause PD, and a mutation in this gene was first discovered in a rare case of PD in an adolescent. Lewy bodies (LBs) formed by abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein, which is encoded by the SNCA gene, are one of the pathological diagnostic criteria for PD. LBs are also recognized as one of the most important features of PD pathogenesis. In this article, we first summarize the types of mutations in the ATP13A2 gene and their effects on ATP13A2 mRNA and protein structure; then, we discuss lysosomal autophagy inhibition and the molecular mechanism of abnormal α-synuclein accumulation caused by decreased levels and dysfunction of the ATP13A2 protein in lysosomes. Finally, this article provides a new direction for future research on the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets for ATP13A2 gene-related PD from the perspective of ATP13A2 gene mutations and abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Long
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine of Hunan Province, Center for Medical Genetics, Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ni Gong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Changwei Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Changwei Lin, orcid.org/0000-0003-1676-0912
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8
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Dang T, Cao WJ, Zhao R, Lu M, Hu G, Qiao C. ATP13A2 protects dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease: from biology to pathology. J Biomed Res 2022; 36:98-108. [PMID: 35387901 PMCID: PMC9002154 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.36.20220001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a late endosomal/lysosomal transport protein of the P5-type, ATP13A2 is capable of removing the abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein, which maintains the homeostasis of metal ions and polyamines in the central nervous system. Furthermore, ATP13A2 regulates the normal function of several organelles such as lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, and maintains the normal physiological activity of neural cells. Especially, ATP13A2 protects dopaminergic (DA) neurons against environmental or genetically induced Parkinson's disease (PD). As we all know, PD is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of DA neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. An increasing number of studies have reported that the loss-of-function of ATP13A2 affects normal physiological processes of various organelles, leading to abnormalities and the death of DA neurons. Previous studies in our laboratory have also shown that ATP13A2 deletion intensifies the neuroinflammatory response induced by astrocytes, thus inducing DA neuronal injury. In addition to elucidating the normal structure and function of ATP13A2, this review summarized the pathological mechanisms of ATP13A2 mutations leading to PD in existing literature studies, deepening the understanding of ATP13A2 in the pathological process of PD and other related neurodegenerative diseases. This review provides inspiration for investigators to explore the essential regulatory role of ATP13A2 in PD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China.,College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Wen-Jing Cao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan 411100, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Chen Qiao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China.,College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
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Chen X, Zhou M, Zhang S, Yin J, Zhang P, Xuan X, Wang P, Liu Z, Zhou B, Yang M. Cryo-EM structures and transport mechanism of human P5B type ATPase ATP13A2. Cell Discov 2021; 7:106. [PMID: 34728622 PMCID: PMC8564547 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-021-00334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamines are important polycations that play critical roles in mammalian cells. ATP13A2 belongs to the orphan P5B adenosine triphosphatases (ATPase) family and has been established as a lysosomal polyamine exporter to maintain the normal function of lysosomes and mitochondria. Previous studies have reported that several human neurodegenerative disorders are related to mutations in the ATP13A2 gene. However, the transport mechanism of ATP13A2 in the lysosome remains unclear. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of three distinct intermediates of the human ATP13A2, revealing key insights into the spermine (SPM) transport cycle in the lysosome. The transmembrane domain serves as a substrate binding site and the C-terminal domain is essential for protein stability and may play a regulatory role. These findings advance our understanding of the polyamine transport mechanism, the lipid-associated regulation, and the disease-associated mutants of ATP13A2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingze Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sensen Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Yin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xujun Xuan
- Department of Andrology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, ShenZhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiyi Wang
- Cryo-EM Facility Center, Southern University of Science & Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Boda Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Maojun Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Cryo-EM Facility Center, Southern University of Science & Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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10
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Rizzollo F, More S, Vangheluwe P, Agostinis P. The lysosome as a master regulator of iron metabolism. Trends Biochem Sci 2021; 46:960-975. [PMID: 34384657 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular iron fulfills crucial cellular processes, including DNA synthesis and mitochondrial metabolism, but also mediates ferroptosis, a regulated form of cell death driven by lipid-based reactive oxygen species (ROS). Beyond their established role in degradation and recycling, lysosomes occupy a central position in iron homeostasis and integrate metabolic and cell death signals emanating from different subcellular sites. We discuss the central role of the lysosome in preserving iron homeostasis and provide an integrated outlook of the regulatory circuits coupling the lysosomal system to the control of iron trafficking, interorganellar crosstalk, and ferroptosis induction. We also discuss novel studies unraveling how deregulated lysosomal iron-handling functions contribute to cancer, neurodegeneration, and viral infection, and can be harnessed for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rizzollo
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Research, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB)-Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Cell Death and Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sanket More
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Research, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB)-Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Cell Death and Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Vangheluwe
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Research, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB)-Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Cell Death and Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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11
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Hamouda NN, Van den Haute C, Vanhoutte R, Sannerud R, Azfar M, Mayer R, Cortés Calabuig Á, Swinnen JV, Agostinis P, Baekelandt V, Annaert W, Impens F, Verhelst SHL, Eggermont J, Martin S, Vangheluwe P. ATP13A3 is a major component of the enigmatic mammalian polyamine transport system. J Biol Chem 2020; 296:100182. [PMID: 33310703 PMCID: PMC7948421 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamines, such as putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, are physiologically important polycations, but the transporters responsible for their uptake in mammalian cells remain poorly characterized. Here, we reveal a new component of the mammalian polyamine transport system using CHO-MG cells, a widely used model to study alternative polyamine uptake routes and characterize polyamine transport inhibitors for therapy. CHO-MG cells present polyamine uptake deficiency and resistance to a toxic polyamine biosynthesis inhibitor methylglyoxal bis-(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), but the molecular defects responsible for these cellular characteristics remain unknown. By genome sequencing of CHO-MG cells, we identified mutations in an unexplored gene, ATP13A3, and found disturbed mRNA and protein expression. ATP13A3 encodes for an orphan P5B-ATPase (ATP13A3), a P-type transport ATPase that represents a candidate polyamine transporter. Interestingly, ATP13A3 complemented the putrescine transport deficiency and MGBG resistance of CHO-MG cells, whereas its knockdown in WT cells induced a CHO-MG phenotype demonstrated as a decrease in putrescine uptake and MGBG sensitivity. Taken together, our findings identify ATP13A3, which has been previously genetically linked with pulmonary arterial hypertension, as a major component of the mammalian polyamine transport system that confers sensitivity to MGBG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norin Nabil Hamouda
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roeland Vanhoutte
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ragna Sannerud
- VIB-KU Leuven Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mujahid Azfar
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rupert Mayer
- Department for Biomolecular Medicine, VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB Proteomics Core, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Department of Oncology, LKI - Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Laboratory of Cell Death Research & Therapy, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Annaert
- VIB-KU Leuven Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francis Impens
- Department for Biomolecular Medicine, VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB Proteomics Core, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven H L Verhelst
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Chemical Proteomics, Leibniz Institute for Analytical Sciences ISAS, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan Eggermont
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shaun Martin
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Vangheluwe
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Novel mutations in ATP13A2 associated with mixed neurological presentations and iron toxicity due to nonsense-mediated decay. Brain Res 2020; 1750:147167. [PMID: 33091395 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kufor-Rakeb Syndrome (KRS) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by Parkinsonism, pyramidal signs, dementia, and supranuclear gaze palsy. KRS is caused by mutations in ATP13A2producing a transmembrane protein responsible for the regulation of intracellular inorganic cations. OBJECTIVE Two siblings born to a Turkish family of consanguineous marriage had mixed neurological presentations with the presence of hypointense images on T2-weighted MRI and were pre-diagnosed as having autosomal recessive spastic paraparesis or ataxia.We aimed to identify the disease-causing mutation by whole-exome sequencing and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism of the causative mutation. METHODS Prussian blue staining was conducted for the detection of cellular iron accumulation. Disease-causing mutation inATP13A2was detected by whole-exome sequencing. Expression levels of ATP13A2 mRNA and protein were assessed by qRT-PCR and Western Blot. RESULTS Iron deposits in the patients' fibroblasts were detected by Prussian blue staining. Novel homozygous mutation c.1422_1423del:p.P474fs was detected intheATP13A2. As this mutation caused a premature termination codon (PTC), the expression of mutant ATP13A2 mRNA through qRT-PCR analysis was found to be degraded by nonsense-mediated decay and this prevented the expression of ATP13A2 protein in the patients' fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS Novel frameshift mutation causing a PTC in ATP13A2 lead to degradation of ATP13A2 mRNA by NMD. Iron accumulation due to the absence of ATP13A2 protein in the patient's fibroblasts and hypointense areas on T2-weighted images may expand the spectrum of KRS to consider it as neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation disorders.
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Butz ES, Chandrachud U, Mole SE, Cotman SL. Moving towards a new era of genomics in the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165571. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Oxidative Stress, a Crossroad Between Rare Diseases and Neurodegeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040313. [PMID: 32326494 PMCID: PMC7222183 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an imbalance between production and accumulation of oxygen reactive species and/or reactive nitrogen species in cells and tissues, and the capacity of detoxifying these products, using enzymatic and non-enzymatic components, such as glutathione. Oxidative stress plays roles in several pathological processes in the nervous system, such as neurotoxicity, neuroinflammation, ischemic stroke, and neurodegeneration. The concepts of oxidative stress and rare diseases were formulated in the eighties, and since then, the link between them has not stopped growing. The present review aims to expand knowledge in the pathological processes associated with oxidative stress underlying some groups of rare diseases: Friedreich’s ataxia, diseases with neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation, Charcot-Marie-Tooth as an example of rare neuromuscular disorders, inherited retinal dystrophies, progressive myoclonus epilepsies, and pediatric drug-resistant epilepsies. Despite the discrimination between cause and effect may not be easy on many occasions, all these conditions are Mendelian rare diseases that share oxidative stress as a common factor, and this may represent a potential target for therapies.
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Abstract
While the initial causes of Parkinson's disease (PD) are not clearly defined, iron deposition has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. The substantia nigra of PD patients, where the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons occurs, show a fairly selective and significant elevation in iron contents. However, the question remains whether iron deposition represents the initiation cause or merely the consequence of nigral degeneration. Here, we describe existing findings regarding the interaction of iron with neuromelanin and alpha synuclein, the iron deposition in experimental animal model of PD and sporadic and familial PD patients, and the treatment option involving the use of iron chelators for targeting the aberration of iron level in brain. This review may provide us a better understanding of the role of iron in PD to address the question of cause or consequence.
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Heins-Marroquin U, Jung PP, Cordero-Maldonado ML, Crawford AD, Linster CL. Phenotypic assays in yeast and zebrafish reveal drugs that rescue ATP13A2 deficiency. Brain Commun 2019; 1:fcz019. [PMID: 32954262 PMCID: PMC7425419 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcz019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in ATP13A2 (PARK9) are causally linked to the rare neurodegenerative disorders Kufor-Rakeb syndrome, hereditary spastic paraplegia and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. This suggests that ATP13A2, a lysosomal cation-transporting ATPase, plays a crucial role in neuronal cells. The heterogeneity of the clinical spectrum of ATP13A2-associated disorders is not yet well understood and currently, these diseases remain without effective treatment. Interestingly, ATP13A2 is widely conserved among eukaryotes, and the yeast model for ATP13A2 deficiency was the first to indicate a role in heavy metal homeostasis, which was later confirmed in human cells. In this study, we show that the deletion of YPK9 (the yeast orthologue of ATP13A2) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae leads to growth impairment in the presence of Zn2+, Mn2+, Co2+ and Ni2+, with the strongest phenotype being observed in the presence of zinc. Using the ypk9Δ mutant, we developed a high-throughput growth rescue screen based on the Zn2+ sensitivity phenotype. Screening of two libraries of Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs identified 11 compounds that rescued growth. Subsequently, we generated a zebrafish model for ATP13A2 deficiency and found that both partial and complete loss of atp13a2 function led to increased sensitivity to Mn2+. Based on this phenotype, we confirmed two of the drugs found in the yeast screen to also exert a rescue effect in zebrafish-N-acetylcysteine, a potent antioxidant, and furaltadone, a nitrofuran antibiotic. This study further supports that combining the high-throughput screening capacity of yeast with rapid in vivo drug testing in zebrafish can represent an efficient drug repurposing strategy in the context of rare inherited disorders involving conserved genes. This work also deepens the understanding of the role of ATP13A2 in heavy metal detoxification and provides a new in vivo model for investigating ATP13A2 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Heins-Marroquin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Paul P Jung
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | | | - Alexander D Crawford
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Orphan Drug Discovery, Bremer Innovations- und Technologiezentrum, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Carole L Linster
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
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Chen B, Wen X, Jiang H, Wang J, Song N, Xie J. Interactions between iron and α-synuclein pathology in Parkinson's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 141:253-260. [PMID: 31233777 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Both iron deposition and α-synuclein aggregation are neuropathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). We aimed to summarize the extensive interactions between these two factors. The direct structural links between iron and α-synuclein suggest that structural reorganization provokes α-synuclein conformational change. Iron post-transcriptionally regulates α-synuclein synthesis in the presence of iron-responsive element. Increased oxidative/nitrative stress induced by iron is believed to be involved in the post-translational modulation of α-synuclein. Iron modulates proteolytic pathways and therefore participates in the regulation of α-synuclein levels. Meanwhile, the recycling of iron through ferritin degradation suggests a link from the aspects of the degradation signaling pathway. Finally, α-synuclein might regulate iron metabolism through its ferrireductase activity. A prominent role of α-synuclein in iron homeostasis is involved in the uptake of transferrin-Fe. These findings suggest that intracellular iron and α-synuclein are closely related to each other, contributing to the vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons or even to a vicious cycle of toxicity in the pathology of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Chen
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiaoming Wen
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ning Song
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Junxia Xie
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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18
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Marcos AL, Corradi GR, Mazzitelli LR, Casali CI, Fernández Tome MDC, Adamo HP, de Tezanos Pinto F. The Parkinson-associated human P5B-ATPase ATP13A2 modifies lipid homeostasis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:182993. [PMID: 31132336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the ATP13A2 gene (PARK9, CLN12, OMIM 610513) were initially associated with a form of Parkinson's Disease (PD) known as Kufor Rakeb Syndrome (KRS). However, the genetic spectrum of ATP13A2-associated disorders was expanded in the last years, because it has been found to underlay variants of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses (NCLs) and hereditary spastic paraplegia. As ATP13A2 seems to be a key component of the endo-lysosome pathway, the fact that these pathologies are commonly characterized by endo-lysosomal dysfunction is not surprising. Here we report that increasing the level of functional ATP13A2 in a stable SH-SY5Y cell line disrupts lipid homeostasis. ATP13A2 overexpression increases the fluorescence intensity of the fluorescent analog phosphatidylethanolamine (NBD-PE) and the formation of multilamellar bodies, resembling the so-called "drug-induced phospholipidosis". We also found that expression of ATP13A2 reduces the ceramide-fluorescence intensity and the content of bis(monoacylglyceryl)phosphate (BMP). BMP is required for lipid degradation and exosome biogenesis inside acidic compartments, so this result suggests that ATP13A2 may be modifying the lipid digestion capacity and/or the redistribution of lipids in these subcellular organelles. In addition, ATP13A2-overexpression decreased the total content of triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol and lipid droplets. As TGs are necessary for the synthesis of new membranes, this observation suggests that increasing the function of ATP13A2 switches the endo-lysosomal system towards vesicle secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Lucía Marcos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos (UBA), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IQUIFIB-CONICET), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gerardo Raul Corradi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos (UBA), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IQUIFIB-CONICET), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Romina Mazzitelli
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos (UBA), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IQUIFIB-CONICET), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Irene Casali
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IQUIFIB-CONICET), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Del Carmen Fernández Tome
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IQUIFIB-CONICET), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hugo Pedro Adamo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos (UBA), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IQUIFIB-CONICET), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Felicitas de Tezanos Pinto
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos (UBA), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IQUIFIB-CONICET), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Sørensen DM, Holemans T, van Veen S, Martin S, Arslan T, Haagendahl IW, Holen HW, Hamouda NN, Eggermont J, Palmgren M, Vangheluwe P. Parkinson disease related ATP13A2 evolved early in animal evolution. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193228. [PMID: 29505581 PMCID: PMC5837089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several human P5-type transport ATPases are implicated in neurological disorders, but little is known about their physiological function and properties. Here, we investigated the relationship between the five mammalian P5 isoforms ATP13A1-5 in a comparative study. We demonstrated that ATP13A1-4 isoforms undergo autophosphorylation, which is a hallmark P-type ATPase property that is required for substrate transport. A phylogenetic analysis of P5 sequences revealed that ATP13A1 represents clade P5A, which is highly conserved between fungi and animals with one member in each investigated species. The ATP13A2-5 isoforms belong to clade P5B and diversified from one isoform in fungi and primitive animals to a maximum of four in mammals by successive gene duplication events in vertebrate evolution. We revealed that ATP13A1 localizes in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and experimentally demonstrate that ATP13A1 likely contains 12 transmembrane helices. Conversely, ATP13A2-5 isoforms reside in overlapping compartments of the endosomal system and likely contain 10 transmembrane helices, similar to what was demonstrated earlier for ATP13A2. ATP13A1 complemented a deletion of the yeast P5A ATPase SPF1, while none of ATP13A2-5 could complement either the loss of SPF1 or that of the single P5B ATPase YPK9 in yeast. Thus, ATP13A1 carries out a basic ER function similar to its yeast counterpart Spf1p that plays a role in ER related processes like protein folding and processing. ATP13A2-5 isoforms diversified in mammals and are expressed in the endosomal system where they may have evolved novel complementary or partially redundant functions. While most P5-type ATPases are widely expressed, some P5B-type ATPases (ATP13A4 and ATP13A5) display a more limited tissue distribution in the brain and epithelial glandular cells, where they may exert specialized functions. At least some P5B isoforms are of vital importance for the nervous system, since ATP13A2 and ATP13A4 are linked to respectively Parkinson disease and autism spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Mollerup Sørensen
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Tine Holemans
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah van Veen
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shaun Martin
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tugce Arslan
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ida Winther Haagendahl
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Waldal Holen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Norin Nabil Hamouda
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Eggermont
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael Palmgren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Peter Vangheluwe
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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20
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de Tezanos Pinto F, Adamo HP. The strategic function of the P5-ATPase ATP13A2 in toxic waste disposal. Neurochem Int 2018; 112:108-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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21
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Fleming SM, Santiago NA, Mullin EJ, Pamphile S, Karkare S, Lemkuhl A, Ekhator OR, Linn SC, Holden JG, Aga DS, Roth JA, Liou B, Sun Y, Shull GE, Schultheis PJ. The effect of manganese exposure in Atp13a2-deficient mice. Neurotoxicology 2017; 64:256-266. [PMID: 28595912 PMCID: PMC10178982 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Loss of function mutations in the P5-ATPase ATP13A2 are associated with Kufor-Rakeb Syndrome and Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis. While the function of ATP13A2 is unclear, in vitro studies suggest it is a lysosomal protein that interacts with the metals manganese (Mn) and zinc and the presynaptic protein alpha-synuclein. Loss of ATP13A2 function in mice causes sensorimotor deficits, enhanced autofluorescent storage material, and accumulation of alpha-synuclein. The present study sought to determine the effect of Mn administration on these same outcomes in ATP13A2-deficient mice. Wildtype and ATP13A2-deficient mice received saline or Mn at 5-9 or 12-19 months for 45days. Sensorimotor function was assessed starting at day 30. Autofluorescence was quantified in multiple brain regions and alpha-synuclein protein levels were determined in the ventral midbrain. Brain Mn, iron, zinc, and copper concentrations were measured in 5-9 month old mice. The results show Mn enhanced sensorimotor function, increased autofluorescence in the substantia nigra, and increased insoluble alpha-synuclein in the ventral midbrain in older ATP13A2-deficient mice. In addition, the Mn regimen used increased Mn concentration in the brain and levels were higher in Mn-treated mutants than controls. These results indicate loss of ATP13A2 function leads to increased sensitivity to Mn in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila M Fleming
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States.
| | - Nicholas A Santiago
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | | | - Shanta Pamphile
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Swagata Karkare
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Andrew Lemkuhl
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Osunde R Ekhator
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Stephen C Linn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY, United States
| | - John G Holden
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Diana S Aga
- Department of Chemistry, SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jerome A Roth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Benjamin Liou
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ying Sun
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Gary E Shull
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Patrick J Schultheis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY, United States
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Booth HDE, Hirst WD, Wade-Martins R. The Role of Astrocyte Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease Pathogenesis. Trends Neurosci 2017; 40:358-370. [PMID: 28527591 PMCID: PMC5462417 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most populous glial subtype and are critical for brain function. Despite this, historically there have been few studies into the role that they may have in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, however, several studies have determined that genes known to have a causative role in the development of PD are expressed in astrocytes and have important roles in astrocyte function. Here, we review these recent developments and discuss their impact on our understanding of the pathophysiology of PD, and the implications that this might have for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather D E Booth
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Estrada-Cuzcano A, Martin S, Chamova T, Synofzik M, Timmann D, Holemans T, Andreeva A, Reichbauer J, De Rycke R, Chang DI, van Veen S, Samuel J, Schöls L, Pöppel T, Mollerup Sørensen D, Asselbergh B, Klein C, Zuchner S, Jordanova A, Vangheluwe P, Tournev I, Schüle R. Loss-of-function mutations in the ATP13A2/PARK9 gene cause complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG78). Brain 2017; 140:287-305. [PMID: 28137957 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias are heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive spasticity of the lower limbs due to degeneration of the corticospinal motor neurons. In a Bulgarian family with three siblings affected by complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia, we performed whole exome sequencing and homozygosity mapping and identified a homozygous p.Thr512Ile (c.1535C > T) mutation in ATP13A2. Molecular defects in this gene have been causally associated with Kufor-Rakeb syndrome (#606693), an autosomal recessive form of juvenile-onset parkinsonism, and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (#606693), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent lipopigments. Further analysis of 795 index cases with hereditary spastic paraplegia and related disorders revealed two additional families carrying truncating biallelic mutations in ATP13A2. ATP13A2 is a lysosomal P5-type transport ATPase, the activity of which critically depends on catalytic autophosphorylation. Our biochemical and immunocytochemical experiments in COS-1 and HeLa cells and patient-derived fibroblasts demonstrated that the hereditary spastic paraplegia-associated mutations, similarly to the ones causing Kufor-Rakeb syndrome and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, cause loss of ATP13A2 function due to transcript or protein instability and abnormal intracellular localization of the mutant proteins, ultimately impairing the lysosomal and mitochondrial function. Moreover, we provide the first biochemical evidence that disease-causing mutations can affect the catalytic autophosphorylation activity of ATP13A2. Our study adds complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG78) to the clinical continuum of ATP13A2-associated neurological disorders, which are commonly hallmarked by lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction. The disease presentation in our patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia was dominated by an adult-onset lower-limb predominant spastic paraparesis. Cognitive impairment was present in most of the cases and ranged from very mild deficits to advanced dementia with fronto-temporal characteristics. Nerve conduction studies revealed involvement of the peripheral motor and sensory nerves. Only one of five patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia showed clinical indication of extrapyramidal involvement in the form of subtle bradykinesia and slight resting tremor. Neuroimaging cranial investigations revealed pronounced vermian and hemispheric cerebellar atrophy. Notably, reduced striatal dopamine was apparent in the brain of one of the patients, who had no clinical signs or symptoms of extrapyramidal involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Estrada-Cuzcano
- Molecular Neurogenomics Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Shaun Martin
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Teodora Chamova
- Department of Neurology, Medical University-Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- Department of Neurology, Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Tine Holemans
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Albena Andreeva
- Department of Neurology, Medical University-Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jennifer Reichbauer
- Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Riet De Rycke
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium and Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dae-In Chang
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium and Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah van Veen
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean Samuel
- Department of Neurology, Medical University-Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Pöppel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Danny Mollerup Sørensen
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bob Asselbergh
- VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Christine Klein
- Molecular Neurogenomics Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium.,Molecular Neurogenomics Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Stephan Zuchner
- Molecular Neurogenomics Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Albena Jordanova
- Molecular Neurogenomics Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium.,Molecular Neurogenomics Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium.,Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Vangheluwe
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ivailo Tournev
- Department of Neurology, Medical University-Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria.,Molecular Neurogenomics Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, Medical University-Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rebecca Schüle
- Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany .,German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Molecular Neurogenomics Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
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24
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Demirsoy S, Martin S, Motamedi S, van Veen S, Holemans T, Van den Haute C, Jordanova A, Baekelandt V, Vangheluwe P, Agostinis P. ATP13A2/PARK9 regulates endo-/lysosomal cargo sorting and proteostasis through a novel PI(3, 5)P2-mediated scaffolding function. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:1656-1669. [PMID: 28334751 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP13A2 (also called PARK9), is a transmembrane endo-/lysosomal-associated P5 type transport ATPase. Loss-of-function mutations in ATP13A2 result in the Kufor-Rakeb Syndrome (KRS), a form of autosomal Parkinson's disease (PD). In spite of a growing interest in ATP13A2, very little is known about its physiological role in stressed cells. Recent studies suggest that the N-terminal domain of ATP13A2 may hold key regulatory functions, but their nature remains incompletely understood. To this end, we generated a set of melanoma and neuroblastoma cell lines stably overexpressing wild-type (WT), catalytically inactive (D508N) and N-terminal mutants, or shRNA against ATP13A2. We found that under proteotoxic stress conditions, evoked by the proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib, endo-/lysosomal associated full-length ATP13A2 WT, catalytically-inactive or N-terminal fragment mutants, reduced the intracellular accumulation of ubiquitin-conjugated (Ub) proteins, independent of autophagic degradation. In contrast, ATP13A2 silencing increased the intracellular accumulation of Ub-proteins, a pattern also observed in patient-derived fibroblasts harbouring ATP13A2 loss-of function mutations. In treated cells, ATP13A2 evoked endocytic vesicle relocation and increased cargo export through nanovesicles. Expression of an ATP13A2 mutant abrogating PI(3,5)P2 binding or chemical inhibition of the PI(3,5)P2-generating enzyme PIKfyve, compromised vesicular trafficking/nanovesicles export and rescued intracellular accumulation of Ub-proteins in response to proteasomal inhibition. Hence, our study unravels a novel activity-independent scaffolding role of ATP13A2 in trafficking/export of intracellular cargo in response to proteotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Demirsoy
- Laboratory for Cell Death Research and Therapy, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven)
| | - S Martin
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Campus Gasthuisberg, O&N1, Herestraat 49, Box 802, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Motamedi
- Laboratory for Cell Death Research and Therapy, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven)
| | - S van Veen
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Campus Gasthuisberg, O&N1, Herestraat 49, Box 802, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - T Holemans
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Campus Gasthuisberg, O&N1, Herestraat 49, Box 802, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Van den Haute
- Research Group for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), B3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Jordanova
- Molecular Neurogenomics Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
- Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University-Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - V Baekelandt
- Research Group for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), B3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Vangheluwe
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Campus Gasthuisberg, O&N1, Herestraat 49, Box 802, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Agostinis
- Laboratory for Cell Death Research and Therapy, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven)
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25
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What lysosomes actually tell us about Parkinson's disease? Ageing Res Rev 2016; 32:140-149. [PMID: 26947123 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder of unknown origin mainly characterized by the loss of neuromelanin-containing dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the presence of intraneuronal proteinaceous inclusions called Lewy bodies. Lysosomes are dynamic organelles that degrade, in a controlled manner, cellular components delivered via the secretory, endocytic, autophagic and phagocytic membrane-trafficking pathways. Increasing amounts of evidence suggest a central role of lysosomal impairment in PD aetiology. This review provides an update on how genetic evidence support this connection and highlights how the neuropathologic and mechanistic evidence might relate to the disease process in sporadic forms of Parkinson's disease. Finally, we discuss the influence of ageing on lysosomal impairment and PD aetiology and therapeutic strategies targeting lysosomal function.
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26
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Heidari M, Johnstone DM, Bassett B, Graham RM, Chua ACG, House MJ, Collingwood JF, Bettencourt C, Houlden H, Ryten M, Olynyk JK, Trinder D, Milward EA. Brain iron accumulation affects myelin-related molecular systems implicated in a rare neurogenetic disease family with neuropsychiatric features. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1599-1607. [PMID: 26728570 PMCID: PMC5078858 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The 'neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation' (NBIA) disease family entails movement or cognitive impairment, often with psychiatric features. To understand how iron loading affects the brain, we studied mice with disruption of two iron regulatory genes, hemochromatosis (Hfe) and transferrin receptor 2 (Tfr2). Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy demonstrated increased iron in the Hfe-/- × Tfr2mut brain (P=0.002, n ≥5/group), primarily localized by Perls' staining to myelinated structures. Western immunoblotting showed increases of the iron storage protein ferritin light polypeptide and microarray and real-time reverse transcription-PCR revealed decreased transcript levels (P<0.04, n ≥5/group) for five other NBIA genes, phospholipase A2 group VI, fatty acid 2-hydroxylase, ceruloplasmin, chromosome 19 open reading frame 12 and ATPase type 13A2. Apart from the ferroxidase ceruloplasmin, all are involved in myelin homeostasis; 16 other myelin-related genes also showed reduced expression (P<0.05), although gross myelin structure and integrity appear unaffected (P>0.05). Overlap (P<0.0001) of differentially expressed genes in Hfe-/- × Tfr2mut brain with human gene co-expression networks suggests iron loading influences expression of NBIA-related and myelin-related genes co-expressed in normal human basal ganglia. There was overlap (P<0.0001) of genes differentially expressed in Hfe-/- × Tfr2mut brain and post-mortem NBIA basal ganglia. Hfe-/- × Tfr2mut mice were hyperactive (P<0.0112) without apparent cognitive impairment by IntelliCage testing (P>0.05). These results implicate myelin-related systems involved in NBIA neuropathogenesis in early responses to iron loading. This may contribute to behavioral symptoms in NBIA and hemochromatosis and is relevant to patients with abnormal iron status and psychiatric disorders involving myelin abnormalities or resistant to conventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Heidari
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - D M Johnstone
- Bosch Institute and Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - B Bassett
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - R M Graham
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute - Biosciences, Curtin University of Technology, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - A C G Chua
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - M J House
- School of Physics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - J F Collingwood
- Warwick Engineering in Biomedicine, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - C Bettencourt
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK,Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - H Houlden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - M Ryten
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J K Olynyk
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute - Biosciences, Curtin University of Technology, Bentley, WA, Australia,Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, The University of Western Australia, Murdoch, WA, Australia,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, WA, Australia
| | - D Trinder
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - E A Milward
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy MSB, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. E-mail:
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27
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Coherent and Contradictory Facts, Feats and Fictions Associated with Metal Accumulation in Parkinson's Disease: Epicenter or Outcome, Yet a Demigod Question. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4738-4755. [PMID: 27480264 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Unwarranted exposure due to liberal use of metals for maintaining the lavish life and to achieve the food demand for escalating population along with an incredible boost in the average human life span owing to orchestrated progress in rejuvenation therapy have gradually increased the occurrence of Parkinson's disease (PD). Etiology is albeit elusive; association of PD with metal accumulation has never been overlooked due to noteworthy similitude between metal-exposure symptoms and a few cardinal features of disease. Even though metals are entailed in the vital functions, a hysterical shift, primarily augmentation, escorts the stern nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration. An increase in the passage of metals through the blood brain barrier and impaired metabolic activity and elimination system could lead to metal accumulation in the brain, which eventually makes dopaminergic neurons quite susceptible. In the present article, an update on implication of metal accumulation in PD/Parkinsonism has been provided. Moreover, encouraging and paradoxical facts and fictions associated with metal accumulation in PD/Parkinsonism have also been compiled. Systematic literature survey of PD is performed to describe updated information if metal accumulation is an epicenter or merely an outcome. Finally, a perspective on the association of metal accumulation with pesticide-induced Parkinsonism has been explained to unveil the likely impact of the former in the latter.
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Regulation of ATP13A2 via PHD2-HIF1α Signaling Is Critical for Cellular Iron Homeostasis: Implications for Parkinson's Disease. J Neurosci 2016; 36:1086-95. [PMID: 26818499 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3117-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED We previously reported that pharmacological inhibition of a class of enzymes known as prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins (PHDs) has neuroprotective effects in various in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson's disease (PD). We hypothesized that this was due to inhibition of the PHD2 isoform, preventing it from hydroxylating the transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor 1 α (HIF1α), targeting it for eventual proteasomal degradation. HIF1α itself induces the transcription of various cellular stress genes, including several involved in iron metabolism. Although all three isoforms of PHD are expressed within vulnerable dopaminergic (DAergic) substantia nigra pars compacta neurons, only select downregulation of the PHD2 isoform was found to protect against in vivo neurodegenerative effects associated with the mitochondrial neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. These findings were corroborated in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons, providing validation in a pertinent human cell model. PHD2 inhibition was found to result in increased expression of ATP13A2, mutation of which is responsible for a rare juvenile form of PD known as Kufor-Rakeb syndrome. Knockdown of ATP13A2 expression within human DAergic cells was found to abrogate restoration of cellular iron homeostasis and neuronal cell viability elicited by inhibition of PHD2 under conditions of mitochondrial stress, likely via effects on lysosomal iron storage. These data suggest that regulation of ATP13A2 by the PHD2-HIF1α signaling pathway affects cellular iron homeostasis and DAergic neuronal survival. This constitutes a heretofore unrecognized process associated with loss of ATP13A2 function that could have wide-ranging implications for it as a therapeutic target for PD and other related conditions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Reductions in PHD2 activity within dopaminergic neurons in vivo and in cultured human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons protects against mitochondrial stress-induced neurotoxicity. Protective effects are dependent on downstream HIF-1α expression. Knockdown of ATP13A2, a gene linked to a rare juvenile form of Parkinson's disease and recently identified as a novel HIF1α target, was found to abrogate maintenance of cellular iron homeostasis and neuronal viability elicited by PHD2 inhibition in vivo and in cultured dopaminergic cells under conditions of mitochondrial stress. Mechanistically, this was due to ATP13A2's role in maintaining lysosomal iron stores. This constitutes a novel mechanism by which alterations in ATP13A2 activity may be driving PD-related neuropathology.
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29
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Protection against Mitochondrial and Metal Toxicity Depends on Functional Lipid Binding Sites in ATP13A2. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2016; 2016:9531917. [PMID: 27073711 PMCID: PMC4814700 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9531917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The late endo-/lysosomal P-type ATPase ATP13A2 (PARK9) is implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD) and Kufor-Rakeb syndrome, early-onset atypical Parkinsonism. ATP13A2 interacts at the N-terminus with the signaling lipids phosphatidic acid (PA) and phosphatidylinositol (3,5) bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2), which modulate ATP13A2 activity under cellular stress conditions. Here, we analyzed stable human SHSY5Y cell lines overexpressing wild-type (WT) or ATP13A2 mutants in which three N-terminal lipid binding sites (LBS1–3) were mutated. We explored the regulatory role of LBS1–3 in the cellular protection by ATP13A2 against mitochondrial stress induced by rotenone and found that the LBS2-3 mutants displayed an abrogated protective effect. Moreover, in contrast to WT, the LBS2 and LBS3 mutants responded poorly to pharmacological inhibition of, respectively, PI(3,5)P2 and PA formation. We further demonstrate that PA and PI(3,5)P2 are also required for the ATP13A2-mediated protection against the toxic metals Mn2+, Zn2+, and Fe3+, suggesting a general lipid-dependent activation mechanism of ATP13A2 in various PD-related stress conditions. Our results indicate that the ATP13A2-mediated protection requires binding of PI(3,5)P2 to LBS2 and PA to LBS3. Thus, targeting the N-terminal lipid binding sites of ATP13A2 might offer a therapeutic approach to reduce cellular toxicity of various PD insults including mitochondrial stress.
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Martin
- a Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; ON1 Campus Gasthuisberg ; KU Leuven ; Leuven , Belgium
| | - Tine Holemans
- a Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; ON1 Campus Gasthuisberg ; KU Leuven ; Leuven , Belgium
| | - Peter Vangheluwe
- a Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; ON1 Campus Gasthuisberg ; KU Leuven ; Leuven , Belgium
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31
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Biasiotto G, Di Lorenzo D, Archetti S, Zanella I. Iron and Neurodegeneration: Is Ferritinophagy the Link? Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:5542-74. [PMID: 26468157 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that the lysosome-autophagy pathway plays a critical role in iron release from ferritin, the main iron storage cellular protein, hence in the distribution of iron to the cells. The recent identification of nuclear receptor co-activator 4 as the receptor for ferritin delivery to selective autophagy sheds further light on the understanding of the mechanisms underlying this pathway. The emerging view is that iron release from ferritin through the lysosomes is a general mechanism in normal and tumour cells of different tissue origins, but it has not yet been investigated in brain cells. Defects in the lysosome-autophagy pathway are often involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, and brain iron homeostasis disruption is a hallmark of many of these diseases. However, in most cases, it has not been established whether iron dysregulation is directly involved in the pathogenesis of the diseases or if it is a secondary effect derived from other pathogenic mechanisms. The recent evidence of the crucial involvement of autophagy in cellular iron handling offers new perspectives about the role of iron in neurodegeneration, suggesting that autophagy dysregulation could cause iron dyshomeostasis. In this review, we recapitulate our current knowledge on the routes through which iron is released from ferritin, focusing on the most recent advances. We summarise the current evidence concerning lysosome-autophagy pathway dysfunctions and those of iron metabolism and discuss their potential interconnections in several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; and frontotemporal lobar dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Biasiotto
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Diagnostics, Civic Hospital of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Diego Di Lorenzo
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Diagnostics, Civic Hospital of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvana Archetti
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Diagnostics, Civic Hospital of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Isabella Zanella
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Diagnostics, Civic Hospital of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
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